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Carlo AQ, Pathak D, Choudhary RK, Singh O, Bansal N. Analysis of OCT4 and PGP9.5 gene expression in prenatal and postnatal buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) testes. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2285509. [PMID: 38006579 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2285509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and characterize the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in buffaloes at different stages of development, including prenatal, neonatal, prepubertal, and adult testes. We sought a comprehensive understanding of these cells through a combination of histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses. Specifically, we examined changes in the expression of two potential SSC markers, OCT4 and PGP9.5, using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we conducted a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the relative gene expression of OCT4 and PGP9.5. The relative expression of the OCT4 gene was down-regulated in the adult testes compared to its expression during prepubertal and neonatal life. The relative expression of the PGP9.5 gene was up-regulated in the neonatal testes and down-regulated in the prepubertal and adult testes. The spermatogonia were round, oval-to-ellipsoidal cells lying over the basement membrane (BM) with a round-to-oval nucleus. Based on the immunoexpression of the putative SSC markers, OCT4 and PGP9.5, we concluded that the proportion of stem cells was highest during the neonatal stage, followed by the prepubertal and prenatal stages. This finding sheds light on the dynamics of spermatogonial stem cells in buffalo testes at different developmental stages, providing valuable insights into these cells' regulation and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashritha Q Carlo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ratan K Choudhary
- Animal Stem Cells Lab, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Opinder Singh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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2
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Yang D, Zhang M, Chen W, Lu Q, Wan S, Du X, Li Y, Li B, Wu W, Wang C, Li N, Peng S, Tang H, Hua J. UCHL1 maintains microenvironmental homeostasis in goat germline stem cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23306. [PMID: 37934018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301674rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play a crucial role in mammalian spermatogenesis and maintain the stable inheritance of the germline in livestock. However, stress and bacterial or viral infections can disrupt immune homeostasis of the testes, thereby leading to spermatogenesis destruction and infertility, which severely affects the health and productivity of mammals. This study aimed to explore the effect of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) knockdown (KD) in goat SSCs and mouse testes and investigate the potential anti-inflammatory function of UCHL1 in a poly(I:C)-induced inflammation model to maintain microenvironmental homeostasis. In vitro, the downregulation of UCHL1 (UCHL1 KD) in goat SSCs increased the expression levels of apoptosis and inflammatory factors and inhibited the self-renewal and proliferation of SSCs. In vivo, the structure of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells was disrupted after UCHL1 KD, and the expression levels of apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, UCHL1 inhibited the TLR3/TBK1/IRF3 pathway to resist poly(I:C)-induced inflammation in SSCs by antagonizing HSPA8 and thus maintaining SSC autoimmune homeostasis. Most importantly, the results of this study showed that UCHL1 maintained immune homeostasis of SSCs and spermatogenesis. UCHL1 KD not only inhibited the self-renewal and proliferation of goat SSCs and spermatogenesis but was also involved in the inflammatory response of goat SSCs. Additionally, UCHL1 has an antiviral function in SSCs by antagonizing HSPA8, which provides an important basis for exploring the specific mechanisms of UCHL1 in goat spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shicheng Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaomin Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Balun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Congliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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3
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Ozcan MCH, Cruz L, Woodman MF, Gundogan F, Grive KJ. Fetal Ovarian Reserve: the Dynamic Changes in Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3353-3358. [PMID: 37277688 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of protein turnover by the unique deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is only seen in oocytes, spermatogonia, and neurons. Our objective was to investigate variation in expression of UCHL1 across fetal maturation of oocytes that result in lifelong ovarian reserve. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 25 fetal autopsy specimens from 21 to 36 weeks. This was an IRB-approved protocol with parental permission for use of tissues for research purposes. Tissues were stained for expression of the oocyte-specific protein UCHL1, and expression levels were evaluated using quantitative immunofluorescence across gestational ages after correction for the area and background absorbance. Corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) for expression of UCHL1 within human oocytes was compared across fetal gestational ages and oocyte size. Trends were analyzed using a locally weighted scatterplot smoothing algorithm. Local expression of UCHL1 increases in oocytes across ovarian development reaching a plateau at 27 weeks with the maintenance of elevated levels through 36 weeks gestational age. This maturation trend is also evidenced by the increase in protein expression as oocyte area increases (r = 0.5530, p ≤ 0.001) with the largest rise occurring as oocytes are enveloped into primordial follicles. The increase in expression as oocytes transition from oogonia into oocytes in primordial follicles and beyond may be part of the preparation of both oocytes and the surrounding somatic cells for the long-term maintenance of the ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C H Ozcan
- Women & Infant's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 200 Chestnut St, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Lisa Cruz
- F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Fusun Gundogan
- Women & Infant's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kathryn J Grive
- Women & Infant's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 200 Chestnut St, Providence, RI, USA
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4
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Su J, Yang Y, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Su H, Wang D, Li K, Song Y, Cao G. Study of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells in the Hu sheep testes at different developmental stages. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23084. [PMID: 37410073 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a highly organized process by which undifferentiated spermatogonia self-renew and differentiate into spermatocytes and spermatids. The entire developmental process from spermatogonia to sperm occurs within the seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenesis is supported by the close interaction of germ cells with Sertoli cells. In this study, testicular tissues were collected from Hu sheep at 8 timepoints after birth: 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, 360, 540, and 720 days. Immunofluorescence staining and histological analysis were used to explore the development of male germ cells and Sertoli cells in the Hu sheep testes at these timepoints. The changes in seminiferous tubule diameter and male germ cells in the Hu sheep testes at these different developmental stages were analyzed. Then, specific molecular markers were used to study the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia, the timepoint of spermatocyte appearance, and the maturation and proliferation of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. Finally, the formation of the blood-testes barrier was studied using antibodies against the main components of the blood-testes barrier, β-catenin, and ZO-1. These findings not only increased the understanding of the development of the Hu sheep testes, but also laid a solid theoretical foundation for Hu sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot, China
| | - Kuo Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongli Song
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, China
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5
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Wang DH, Liu N, Ye SD, Chen ZS, Lin YN, Liu ZH, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Rice tapetum differentiation is sensitive to downregulation of OsUCH3, a ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37057895 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Si-Da Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ya-Nan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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6
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Yang D, Lu Q, Peng S, Hua J. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a double-edged sword in mammalian oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13347. [PMID: 36218038 PMCID: PMC9890544 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that ubiquitin-mediated cell apoptosis can modulate protein interaction and involve in the progress of oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis. As one of the key regulators involved in ubiquitin signal, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is considered a molecular marker associated with spermatogonia stem cells. However, the function of UCHL1 was wildly reported to regulate various bioecological processes, such as Parkinson's disease, lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer, how UCHL1 affects the mammalian reproductive system remains an open question. METHODS We identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to July 2022. RESULTS Here, we summarize the important function of UCHL1 in controlling mammalian oocyte development, regulating spermatogenesis and inhibiting polyspermy, and we posit the balance of UCHL1 was essential to maintaining reproductive cellular and tissue homeostasis. CONCLUSION This study considers the 'double-edged sword' role of UCHL1 during gametogenesis and presents new insights into UCHL1 in germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Qizhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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7
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Xiong Y, Yu C, Zhang Q. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System-Regulated Protein Degradation in Spermatogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061058. [PMID: 35326509 PMCID: PMC8947704 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a prolonged and highly ordered physiological process that produces haploid male germ cells through more than 40 steps and experiences dramatic morphological and cellular transformations. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays central roles in the precise control of protein homeostasis to ensure the effectiveness of certain protein groups at a given stage and the inactivation of them after this stage. Many UPS components have been demonstrated to regulate the progression of spermatogenesis at different levels. Especially in recent years, novel testis-specific proteasome isoforms have been identified to be essential and unique for spermatogenesis. In this review, we set out to discuss our current knowledge in functions of diverse USP components in mammalian spermatogenesis through: (1) the composition of proteasome isoforms at each stage of spermatogenesis; (2) the specificity of each proteasome isoform and the associated degradation events; (3) the E3 ubiquitin ligases mediating protein ubiquitination in male germ cells; and (4) the deubiquitinases involved in spermatogenesis and male fertility. Exploring the functions of UPS machineries in spermatogenesis provides a global picture of the proteome dynamics during male germ cell production and shed light on the etiology and pathogenesis of human male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Rd, Haining 314400, China;
| | - Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Rd, Hangzhou 310020, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianting Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Rd, Haining 314400, China;
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13789821134
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8
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de Santi F, Beltrame FL, Rodrigues BM, Scaramele NF, Lopes FL, Cerri PS, Sasso-Cerri E. Venlafaxine-induced adrenergic signaling stimulates Leydig cells steroidogenesis via Nur77 overexpression: a possible role of EGF. Life Sci 2021; 289:120069. [PMID: 34688693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, impairs rat sperm parameters, spermatogenesis and causes high intratesticular estrogen and testosterone levels, indicating that Leydig cells (LCs) may be a venlafaxine target. We evaluated the effect of venlafaxine treatment on LCs in vivo, focusing on adrenergic signaling, EGF immunoexpression and steroidogenesis. Germ cells mitotic/meiotic activity and UCHL1 levels were also evaluated in the seminiferous epithelium. Adult male rats received venlafaxine (30 mg/kg) or distilled water. In testicular sections, the seminiferous tubules, epithelium and the LCs nuclear areas were measured, and the immunoexpression of Ki-67, UCHL1, StAR, EGF, c-Kit and 17β-HSD was evaluated. UCHL1, StAR and EGF protein levels and Adra1a, Nur77 and Ndrg2 expression were analyzed. MDA and nitrite testicular levels, and serum estrogen and testosterone levels were measured. Venlafaxine induced LCs hypertrophy and Ndrg2 upregulation, in parallel to increased number of Ki-67, c-Kit- and 17β-HSD-positive interstitial cells, indicating that this antidepressant stimulates LCs lineage proliferation and differentiation. Upregulation of Adra1a and Nur77 could explain the high levels of StAR and testosterone levels, as well as aromatization. Enhanced EGF immunoexpresion in LCs suggests that this growth fact is involved in adrenergically-induced steroidogenesis, likely via upregulation of Nur77. Slight tubular atrophy and weak Ki-67 immunoexpression in germ cells, in association with high UCHL1 levels, indicate that spermatogenesis is likely impaired by this enzyme under supraphysiological estrogen levels. These data corroborate the unchanged MDA and nitrite levels. Therefore, venlafaxine stimulates LCs steroidogenesis via adrenergic signaling, and EGF may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane de Santi
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Beltrame
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Natália F Scaramele
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production and Animal Health, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Lopes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production and Animal Health, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Cerri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
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9
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Loss of Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase L1 Impairs Long-Term Differentiation Competence and Metabolic Regulation in Murine Spermatogonial Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092265. [PMID: 34571914 PMCID: PMC8465610 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonia are stem and progenitor cells responsible for maintaining mammalian spermatogenesis. Preserving the balance between self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and differentiation is critical for spermatogenesis and fertility. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) is highly expressed in spermatogonia of many species; however, its functional role has not been identified. Here, we aimed to understand the role of UCH-L1 in murine spermatogonia using a Uch-l1−/− mouse model. We confirmed that UCH-L1 is expressed in undifferentiated and early-differentiating spermatogonia in the post-natal mammalian testis. The Uch-l1−/− mice showed reduced testis weight and progressive degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Single-cell transcriptome analysis detected a dysregulated metabolic profile in spermatogonia of Uch-l1−/− compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, cultured Uch-l1−/− SSCs had decreased capacity in regenerating full spermatogenesis after transplantation in vivo and accelerated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during maintenance in vitro. Together, these results indicate that the absence of UCH-L1 impacts the maintenance of SSC homeostasis and metabolism and impacts the differentiation competence. Metabolic perturbations associated with loss of UCH-L1 appear to underlie a reduced capacity for supporting spermatogenesis and fertility with age. This work is one step further in understanding the complex regulatory circuits underlying SSC function.
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10
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Novel Mutations in X-Linked, USP26-Induced Asthenoteratozoospermia and Male Infertility. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071594. [PMID: 34202084 PMCID: PMC8307012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic background. Abnormal sperm morphologies have been found to be closely related to male infertility. Here, we conducted whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 150 Han Chinese men with asthenoteratozoospermia. Two novel hemizygous mutations were identified in USP26, an X-linked gene preferentially expressed in the testis and encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme. These USP26 variants are extremely rare in human population genome databases and have been predicted to be deleterious by multiple bioinformatics tools. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy analyses of the spermatozoa from men harboring hemizygous USP26 variants showed a highly aberrant morphology and ultrastructure of the sperm heads and flagella. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting assays revealed obviously reduced levels of USP26 mRNA and protein in the spermatozoa from men harboring hemizygous deleterious variants of USP26. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic sperm injections performed on infertile men harboring hemizygous USP26 variants achieved satisfactory outcomes. Overall, our study demonstrates that USP26 is essential for normal sperm morphogenesis, and hemizygous USP26 mutations can induce X-linked asthenoteratozoospermia. These findings will provide effective guidance for the genetic and reproductive counseling of infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia.
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11
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Ubiquitome analysis reveals the involvement of lysine ubiquitination in the spermatogenesis process of adult buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225077. [PMID: 32469046 PMCID: PMC7298129 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination, a major and conserved post-translational modification, is known to play a critical regulatory role in many biological processes in eukaryotes. Although several ubiquitinated proteins have been found in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testis in our previous studies, large-scale profiling of buffalo testis ubiquitome has not been reported to date. In the present study, we first identified a global profiling of lysine ubiquitination of adult buffalo testis using a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS coupled with immune-affinity enrichment of ubiquitinated peptides. In total, 422 lysine ubiquitination sites were identified in 262 proteins in adult buffalo testis tissue. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the ubiquitinated proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes and diverse subcellular localizations. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein interaction network analysis indicated that proteasome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and gap junction pathways are modulated by protein ubiquitination in testis. Besides, 44 ubiquitinated proteins may involve in spermatogenesis according to the SpermatogenesisOnline database, of which, the ubiquitination of HSPA2 and UCHL1 were confirmed by Immunoprecipitation (IP)/Western blot analysis. Taken together, these data provide a global view of ubiquitome in buffalo testis for the first time, and serve as an important resource for exploring the physiological role especially spermatogenesis of lysine ubiquitination in testis in mammals.
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12
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Zhang P, Huang Y, Fu Q, He W, Xiao K, Zhang M. Integrated analysis of phosphoproteome and ubiquitylome in epididymal sperm of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:15-33. [PMID: 33140506 PMCID: PMC7894524 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, sperm need to mature in the epididymis to gain fertilization competency. However, the molecular mechanism underlying buffalo sperm maturation remains elusive. Exploring sperm physiology at the posttranslational modification (PTM) level could help to develop our understanding of these mechanisms. Protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination are major PTMs in the regulation of many biological processes. In the present study, to our knowledge, we report the first phosphoproteome and ubiquitylome of sperm collected from the caput, corpus, and cauda segments of the epididymis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with affinity purification. In total, 647 phosphorylation sites in 294 proteins and 1063 ubiquitination sites in 446 proteins were characterized. Some of these proteins were associated with cellular developmental processes and energy metabolic pathways. Interestingly, 84 proteins were both phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, simultaneously. Some of these proteins were involved in, for example, spermatogenesis, reproduction, and spermatid development. Taken together, these data provide a theoretical basis for further functional analysis of phosphorylation and ubiquitination in epididymal sperm of buffalo and other mammals, and serve as an important resource for exploring the physiological mechanism underlying sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Animal Reproduction InstituteGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Yu‐lin Huang
- Department of Cell and Genetics, College of Basic MedicineGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Animal Reproduction InstituteGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Weng‐tan He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Animal Reproduction InstituteGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Animal Reproduction InstituteGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Animal Reproduction InstituteGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
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Matuszczak E, Tylicka M, Komarowska MD, Debek W, Hermanowicz A. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 - physiology and pathology. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:533-540. [PMID: 32207552 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) is an enzyme unique for its multiple activity - both ligase and hydrolase. UCHL1 was first identified as an abundant protein found in the brain and testes, however its expression is not limited to the neuronal compartment. UCHL1 is also highly expressed in carcinomas of various tissue origins, including those from brain, lung, breast, kidney, colon, prostate, pancreas and mesenchymal tissues. Loss-of-function studies and an inhibitor for UCHL1 confirmed the importance of UCHL1 for cancer therapy. So far biological significance of UCHL1 was described in the following processes: spermatogenesis, oncogenesis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation in skeletal muscle, inflammation, tissue injury, neuronal injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Matuszczak
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Tylicka
- Biophysics Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Debek
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Ibtisham F, Honaramooz A. Spermatogonial Stem Cells for In Vitro Spermatogenesis and In Vivo Restoration of Fertility. Cells 2020; 9:E745. [PMID: 32197440 PMCID: PMC7140722 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the only adult stem cells capable of passing genes onto the next generation. SSCs also have the potential to provide important knowledge about stem cells in general and to offer critical in vitro and in vivo applications in assisted reproductive technologies. After century-long research, proof-of-principle culture systems have been introduced to support the in vitro differentiation of SSCs from rodent models into haploid male germ cells. Despite recent progress in organotypic testicular tissue culture and two-dimensional or three-dimensional cell culture systems, to achieve complete in vitro spermatogenesis (IVS) using non-rodent species remains challenging. Successful in vitro production of human haploid male germ cells will foster hopes of preserving the fertility potential of prepubertal cancer patients who frequently face infertility due to the gonadotoxic side-effects of cancer treatment. Moreover, the development of optimal systems for IVS would allow designing experiments that are otherwise difficult or impossible to be performed directly in vivo, such as genetic manipulation of germ cells or correction of genetic disorders. This review outlines the recent progress in the use of SSCs for IVS and potential in vivo applications for the restoration of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Honaramooz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang H, Wang G, Dai Y, Li Z, Zhu Y, Sun F. Functional role of GKAP1 in the regulation of male germ cell spontaneous apoptosis and sperm number. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1199-1209. [PMID: 31318116 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
G kinase-anchoring protein 1 (GKAP1) is a G kinase-associated protein that is conserved in many eutherians and is mainly expressed in the testis, especially in spermatocytes and round spermatids. The function of GKAP1 in the testis is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that deletion of GKAP1 led to an increase in sperm production with swollen epididymis, and germ cell apoptosis was found to decrease in GKAP1 knock-out mice. Further investigations showed that a deficiency of GKAP1 could partly change the cellular location of cGK-Iα and increase the amount of active cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus. Therefore, the expression of a particular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) was upregulated because of the activation of CREB, and this increase in IAPs was associated with a decrease in the level of activated caspase-3. These results suggest that a deficiency of GKAP1 in mouse testis could increase sperm production through a reduction of the spontaneous apoptosis of germ cells in the testis, possibly because of a change in the activity of the cGK-Iα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshu Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key laboratory for Embryo-Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guishuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubing Dai
- Qingdao University Medical College, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key laboratory for Embryo-Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key laboratory for Embryo-Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key laboratory for Embryo-Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Câmara ML, Almeida TB, de Santi F, Rodrigues BM, Cerri PS, Beltrame FL, Sasso-Cerri E. Fluoxetine-induced androgenic failure impairs the seminiferous tubules integrity and increases ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1): Possible androgenic control of UCHL1 in germ cell death? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1126-1139. [PMID: 30551363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine has been used for the treatment of depression. Although sexual disorders have been reported in male patients, few studies have demonstrated the fluoxetine effect on the reproductive histophysiology, and the target of this antidepressant in testes is unknown. We evaluated the impact of short-term treatment with fluoxetine on the adult rat testes, focusing on steroidogenesis by Leydig cells (LC) and androgen-dependent testicular parameters, including Sertoli cells (SC) and peritubular myoid cells (PMC). Since UCHL1 (ubiquitincarboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1) seems to control spermatogenesis, the immunoexpression of this hydrolase was also analyzed. Adult male rats received 20 mg/kg BW of fluoxetine (FG) or saline (CG) for eleven days. In historesin-embedded testis sections, the seminiferous tubule (ST) and epithelial (Ep) areas, and the LC nuclear diameter (LCnu) were measured. The number of abnormal ST, androgen-dependent ST, SC and PMC was quantified. Testicular β-tubulin levels and peritubular actin immunofluorescence were evaluated. Serum testosterone levels (STL) and steroidogenesis by 17β-HSD6 immunofluorescence were analyzed, and either UCHL1-immunolabeled or TUNEL-positive germ cells were quantified. In FG, abnormal ST frequency increased whereas ST and Ep areas, androgen-dependent ST number, LCnu, 17β-HSD6 activity and STL reduced significantly. TUNEL-positive PMC and SC was related to decreased number of these cells and reduction in peritubular actin and β-tubulin levels. In FG, uncommon UCHL1-immunoexpression was found in spermatocytes and spermatids, and the number of UCHL1-immunolabeled and TUNEL-positive germ cells increased in this group. These findings indicate that LC may be a fluoxetine target in testes, impairing PMC-SC integrity and disturbing spermatogenesis. The increase of UCHL1 in the damaged tubules associated with high incidence of cell death confirms that this hydrolase regulates germ cell death and may be controlled by androgens. The fertility in association with the androgenic status of patients treated with fluoxetine should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina L Câmara
- Dental School of São Paulo State University, Department of Morphology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Talita B Almeida
- Dental School of São Paulo State University, Department of Morphology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fabiane de Santi
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Rodrigues
- Dental School of São Paulo State University, Department of Morphology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Cerri
- Dental School of São Paulo State University, Department of Morphology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Beltrame
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Dental School of São Paulo State University, Department of Morphology, Araraquara, Brazil.
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Toliczenko-Bernatowicz D, Matuszczak E, Tylicka M, Szymańska B, Komarowska M, Gorodkiewicz E, Debek W, Hermanowicz A. Overexpression of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) in boys with cryptorchidism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191806. [PMID: 29401475 PMCID: PMC5798757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulate p53, caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins, and is crucial for the degradation of the defective germ cells in testes. Purpose: to evaluate the concentration of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) in the blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism and if there is any correlation with patient age. Methods Patients—50 boys aged 1–4 years (median = 2,4y.) with unilateral cryptorchidism. Exclusion criteria were: previous human chorionic gonadotropin treatment, an abnormal karyotype, endocrine or immunological disorders or any long-term medication. The control group—50 healthy, age matched boys (aged 1–4 years, median = 2,1y.), admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department for planned herniotomy. To investigate UCHL1 in blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism, we used a novel technique Surface PLASMON RESONANCE Imaging (SPRI). Results The median concentration of UCHL1 in the blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism, was 5-folds higher than in boys with inguinal hernia, whose testicles were located in the scrotum. We also noticed statistically significant difference between UCHL1 levels in boys with cryptorchidism up to 2 years old, and above 2 years old. Older boys, whose testicles since birth were located in the inguinal pouch or in the abdominal cavity, had higher concentration of UCHL1 in their blood plasma, than boys from younger group. In the group of cryptorchid boys, we also found slightly lower concentrations of INSL3, without statistical significance and no correlation with UCHL1 levels. Conclusions Uchl1 concentrations in the blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism, may reflect the heat-induced apoptosis of germ cells. Higher UCHL1 concentrations in older boys with undescended testicles, probably express intensity of germ cell apoptosis, more extensive when testicles are subjected to heat-stress for longer period. Further analyses of UCHL1 may help to elucidate its role in mechanisms influencing spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Matuszczak
- Paediatric Surgery Department,Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marzena Tylicka
- Biophysics Department Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Szymańska
- Electrochemistry Department, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Komarowska
- Paediatric Surgery Department,Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Electrochemistry Department, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Debek
- Paediatric Surgery Department,Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Paediatric Surgery Department,Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Wang DH, Song W, Wei SW, Zheng YF, Chen ZS, Han JD, Zhang HT, Luo JC, Qin YM, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Characterization of the Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase and Ubiquitin-Specific Protease Families in Rice ( Oryza sativa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1636. [PMID: 30498503 PMCID: PMC6249995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) and ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) protein families both function in protein deubiquitination, playing important roles in a wide range of biological processes in animals, fungi, and plants. Little is known about the functions of these proteins in rice (Oryza sativa), and the numbers of genes reported for these families have not been consistent between different rice database resources. To further explore their functions, it is necessary to first clarify the basic molecular and biochemical nature of these two gene families. Using a database similarity search, we clarified the numbers of genes in these two families in the rice genome, examined the enzyme activities of their corresponding proteins, and characterized the expression patterns of all OsUCH and representative OsUBP genes. Five OsUCH and 44 OsUBP genes were identified in the rice genome, with four OsUCH proteins and 10 of 16 tested representative OsUBP proteins showing enzymatic activities. Two OsUCHs and five OsUBPs were found to be preferentially expressed in the early development of rice stamens. This work thus lays down a reliable bioinformatic foundation for future investigations of genes in these two families, particularly for exploring their potential roles in rice stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Chu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Nong Bai,
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20
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von Kopylow K, Spiess AN. Human spermatogonial markers. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:300-309. [PMID: 29239848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an up-to-date compilation of published human spermatogonial markers, with focus on the three nuclear subtypes Adark, Apale and B. In addition, we have extended our recently published list of putative spermatogonial markers with protein expression and RNA-sequencing data from the Human Protein Atlas and supported these by literature evidence. Most importantly, we have put substantial effort in acquiring a comprehensive list of new and potentially interesting markers by refiltering the raw data of 15 published germ cell expression datasets (four human, eleven rodent) and subsequent building of intersections to acquire a robust, cross-species set of spermatogonia-enriched or -specific transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrein von Kopylow
- Department of Andrology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Valenzuela-Leon P, Dobrinski I. Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx010. [PMID: 29492312 PMCID: PMC5804550 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are plasticizers that impart flexibility to polvinylchloride plastics. As they are not covalently bound, they can leach from a wide range of products, including food containers, medical devices, clothing, and toys, leading to widespread environmental exposure. Phthalate toxicity has been linked to male infertility by disrupting testosterone production and testis development. Phthalates also impair proliferation and viability of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), the role of which is to support lifelong spermatogenesis. To elucidate cellular mechanisms in spermatogonia affected by long-term phthalate exposure, we grafted primate testis tissue into mice. Grafts treated with di-n-butyl phthalate showed an increase in autophagy compared to controls. Short term in vitro exposure of porcine germ cells to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also resulted in an increase in autophagy. Viability was lower in cells exposed to phthalates, but treatment with rapamycin to induce autophagy significantly increased viability. The data suggests autophagy is triggered in spermatogonia as a response to a toxic insult, which may constitute a survival mechanism in spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Valenzuela-Leon
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence address. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, 404 HMRB, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Tel: 403 210 6523; E-mail
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Giassetti MI, Goissis MD, Moreira PV, de Barros FRO, Assumpção MEOD, Visintin JA. Effect of age on expression of spermatogonial markers in bovine testis and isolated cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 170:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Spermatogonial cells: mouse, monkey and man comparison. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:79-88. [PMID: 26957475 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In all mammals, spermatogonia are defined as constituting the mitotic compartment of spermatogenesis including stem, undifferentiated and differentiating cell types, possessing distinct morphological and molecular characteristics. Even though the real nature of the spermatogonial stem cell and its regulation is still debated the general consensus holds that in steady-state spermatogenesis the stem cell compartment needs to balance differentiation versus self-renewal. This review highlights current understanding of spermatogonial biology, the kinetics of amplification and the signals directing spermatogonial differentiation in mammals. The focus will be on relevant similarities and differences between rodents and non human and human primates.
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Suresh B, Lee J, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in spermatogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4711-20. [PMID: 26350476 PMCID: PMC11113867 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process through which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation to generate mature spermatozoa. During this process, male germ cells experience several translational modifications. One of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotes is the ubiquitination of proteins, which targets proteins for degradation; this enables control of the expression of enzymes and structural proteins during spermatogenesis. It has become apparent that ubiquitination plays a key role in regulating every stage of spermatogenesis starting from gonocytes to differentiated spermatids. It is understood that, where there is ubiquitination, deubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) also exists to counterbalance the ubiquitination process in a reversible manner. Normal spermatogenesis is dependent on the balanced actions of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. This review highlights the current knowledge of the role of DUBs and their essential regulatory contribution to spermatogenesis, especially during progression into meiotic phase, acrosome biogenesis, quality sperm production, and apoptosis of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junwon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Nickkholgh B, Korver CM, van Daalen SKM, van Pelt AMM, Repping S. AZFc deletions do not affect the function of human spermatogonia in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:553-62. [PMID: 25901025 PMCID: PMC5009458 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Azoospermic factor c (AZFc) deletions are the underlying cause in 10% of azoo- or severe oligozoospermia. Through extensive molecular analysis the precise genetic content of the AZFc region and the origin of its deletion have been determined. However, little is known about the effect of AZFc deletions on the functionality of germ cells at various developmental steps. The presence of normal, fertilization-competent sperm in the ejaculate and/or testis of the majority of men with AZFc deletions suggests that the process of differentiation from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to mature spermatozoa can take place in the absence of the AZFc region. To determine the functionality of AZFc-deleted spermatogonia, we compared in vitro propagated spermatogonia from six men with complete AZFc deletions with spermatogonia from three normozoospermic controls. We found that spermatogonia of AZFc-deleted men behave similar to controls during culture. Short-term (18 days) and long-term (48 days) culture of AZFc-deleted spermatogonia showed the same characteristics as non-deleted spermatogonia. This similarity was revealed by the same number of passages, the same germ cell clusters formation and similar level of genes expression of spermatogonial markers including ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1), zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1), as well as germ cell differentiation markers including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), spermatogenesis and oogenesis specific basic helix-loophelix 2 (SOHLH2), v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3). The only exception was melanoma antigen family A4 (MAGEA4) which showed significantly lower expression in AZFc-deleted samples than controls in short-term culture while in long-term culture it was hardly detected in both AZFc-deleted and control spermatogonia. These data suggest that, at least in vitro, spermatogonia of AZFc-deleted men are functionally similar to spermatogonia from non-deleted men. Potentially, this enables treatment of men with AZFc deletions by propagating their SSCs in vitro and autotransplanting these SSCs back to the testes to increase sperm counts and restore fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nickkholgh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands Present address: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University school of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27101 NC, USA
| | - C M Korver
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - S K M van Daalen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - A M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - S Repping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
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Li W, Fu J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Xie N, Cai G. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces testicular toxicity by upregulation of oxidative stress, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and deregulation of germ cell development in adult murine testis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:98-109. [PMID: 25886977 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how chemotherapeutic agents mediate testicular toxicity is crucial in light of compelling evidence that male infertility, one of the severe late side effects of intensive cancer treatment, occurs more often than they are expected to. Previous study demonstrated that bortezomib (BTZ), a 26S proteasome inhibitor used to treat refractory multiple myeloma (MM), exerts deleterious impacts on spermatogenesis in pubertal mice via unknown mechanisms. Here, we showed that intermittent treatment with BTZ resulted in fertility impairment in adult mice, evidenced by testicular atrophy, desquamation of immature germ cells and reduced caudal sperm storage. These deleterious effects may originate from the elevated apoptosis in distinct germ cells during the acute phase and the subsequent disruption of Sertoli-germ cell anchoring junctions (AJs) during the late recovery. Mechanistically, balance between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and Akt/ERK pathway appeared to be indispensable for AJ integrity during the late testicular recovery. Of particular interest, the upregulated testicular apoptosis and the following disturbance of Sertoli-germ cell interaction may both stem from the excessive oxidative stress elicited by BTZ exposure. We also provided the in vitro evidence that AMPK-dependent mechanisms counteract follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) proliferative effects in BTZ-exposed Sertoli cells. Collectively, BTZ appeared to efficiently prevent germ cells from normal development via multiple mechanisms in adult mice. Employment of antioxidants and/or AMPK inhibitor may represent an attractive strategy of fertility preservation in male MM patients exposed to conventional BTZ therapy and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Nianlin Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China.
| | - Guoqing Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Xu Y, Hideshima M, Ishii Y, Yoshikawa Y, Kyuwa S. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase l1 is expressed in mouse pituitary gonadotropes in vivo and gonadotrope cell lines in vitro. Exp Anim 2014; 63:247-56. [PMID: 24770650 PMCID: PMC4160979 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a fundamental role in regulating various
biological activities. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating
enzyme, belonging to the UPS. To date, it has been reported that UCH-L1 is highly and
restrictedly expressed in neural and reproductive tissues and plays significant roles in
these organs. Although the expression of UCH-L1 in the anterior pituitary gland has been
reported, the detailed localization and the role of UCH-L1 remain obscure. In the present
study, we detected UCH-L1 protein exclusively in hormone-producing cells, but not
non-hormone producing folliculostellate cells in the anterior pituitary lobe. In addition,
the cytoplasmic expression of UCH-L1 varied and was limited to gonadotropes and
mammotropes. To investigate the role of UCH-L1 in anterior pituitary cells, we performed a
comparative analysis using genetically UCH-L1-deficient gad mice.
Significant decreases in the numbers of gonadotropes and mammotropes were observed in
gad mice, suggesting a close involvement of UCH-L1 in these cells.
Moreover, we also determined the expression of UCH-L1 in cultured gonadotropes. Taken
together, this is the first report to definitely demonstrate the presence of UCH-L1 in
mouse anterior pituitary gland, and our results might provide a novel insight for better
understanding the role of UCH-L1 in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and in the
reproduction.
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Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 regulates EMT process and cancer metastasis in prostate cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:722-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hou M, Eriksson E, Svechnikov K, Jahnukainen K, Söder O, Meinhardt A, Sävendahl L. Bortezomib treatment causes long-term testicular dysfunction in young male mice. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:155. [PMID: 24950741 PMCID: PMC4074580 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increased long-term survivors of childhood cancer patients, therapy-associated infertility has become one of the most common late side-effects and significantly affects their life-quality. Therefore, evaluation of anti-cancer agents on male reproduction and infertility prevention are urgently demanding. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been launched in clinical trials for childhood cancers, however, its potential side effects on reproduction have so far been neither investigated experimentally nor reported in treated children. Thus the present study is designed to explore the impact of bortezomib on male reproductive function and to gain insights into how bortezomib exerts its adverse effects on man gonad, thereby providing pediatric oncologists relevant information. Methods 35 day-old male mice were treated with one 11-day cycle of bortezomib and then sacrificed 2 days, 45 days, or 6 months later. A mating study was performed in the group followed for 6 months, and their pups were analyzed on postnatal day 50. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testicular testosterone levels were measured. Testicular morphology was evaluated by light- and electron microscopy, and the underlying mechanisms and pathways of testis damage were investigated. Results Testicular damage was visible already 2 days after stopping bortezomib and increased in severity by day 45. Then 80% of seminiferous tubules exhibited hypospermatogenesis with arrest at the levels of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids. Germ cells were specifically targeted by bortezomib as evidenced by increased apoptosis mediated through activation of p53 and caspases. Even six months after the bortezomib treatment, testis weight, sperm concentration and seminiferous tubule length remained at a decreased level, indicating that spermatogenesis and tubular outgrowth could not fully recover. Combined with persistently increased serum levels of FSH in these mice, our results demonstrate that bortezomib can have long-term effects on testicular function, although fertility of bortezomib-exposed males remained and their offspring looked healthy. Conclusion Bortezomib treatment causes long-term gonadal dysfunction in male mice. Careful monitoring of gonadal function in male childhood cancer patients treated with bortezomib is thus strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet & University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Valli H, Sukhwani M, Dovey SL, Peters KA, Donohue J, Castro CA, Chu T, Marshall GR, Orwig KE. Fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting strategies to isolate and enrich human spermatogonial stem cells. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:566-580.e7. [PMID: 24890267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular characteristics of human spermatogonia and optimize methods to enrich spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). DESIGN Laboratory study using human tissues. SETTING Research institute. PATIENT(S) Healthy adult human testicular tissue. INTERVENTION(S) Human testicular tissue was fixed or digested with enzymes to produce a cell suspension. Human testis cells were fractionated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunostaining for selected markers, human-to-nude mouse xenotransplantation assay. RESULT(S) Immunohistochemistry costaining revealed the relative expression patterns of SALL4, UTF1, ZBTB16, UCHL1, and ENO2 in human undifferentiated spermatogonia as well as the extent of overlap with the differentiation marker KIT. Whole mount analyses revealed that human undifferentiated spermatogonia (UCHL1+) were typically arranged in clones of one to four cells whereas differentiated spermatogonia (KIT+) were typically arranged in clones of eight or more cells. The ratio of undifferentiated-to-differentiated spermatogonia is greater in humans than in rodents. The SSC colonizing activity was enriched in the THY1dim and ITGA6+ fractions of human testes sorted by FACS. ITGA6 was effective for sorting human SSCs by MACS; THY1 and EPCAM were not. CONCLUSION(S) Human spermatogonial differentiation correlates with increased clone size and onset of KIT expression, similar to rodents. The undifferentiated-to-differentiated developmental dynamics in human spermatogonia is different than rodents. THY1, ITGA6, and EPCAM can be used to enrich human SSC colonizing activity by FACS, but only ITGA6 is amenable to high throughput sorting by MACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Valli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meena Sukhwani
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Serena L Dovey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen A Peters
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Donohue
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos A Castro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary R Marshall
- Department of Natural Sciences, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Li B, Yu X, Gui S, Xie Y, Zhao X, Hong J, Sun Q, Sang X, Sheng L, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Hu R, Wang L, Shen W, Hong F. Molecular mechanisms of phoxim-induced silk gland damage and TiO2 nanoparticle-attenuated damage in Bombyx mori. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:221-227. [PMID: 24331035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phoxim is a useful organophosphate (OP) pesticide used in agriculture in China, however, exposure to this pesticide can result in a significant reduction in cocooning in Bombyx mori (B. mori). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been shown to decrease phoxim-induced toxicity in B. mori; however, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of silk gland damage due to OP exposure and repair of gland damage by TiO2 NP pretreatment. In the present study, exposure to phoxim resulted in a significant reduction in cocooning rate in addition to silk gland damage, whereas TiO2 NP attenuated phoxim-induced gland damage, increased the antioxidant capacity of the gland, and increased cocooning rate in B. mori. Furthermore, digital gene expression data suggested that phoxim exposure led to significant alterations in the expression of 833 genes. In particular, phoxim exposure caused significant down-regulation of Fib-L, Ser2, Ser3, and P25 genes involved in silk protein synthesis, and up-regulation of SFGH, UCH3, and Salhh genes involved in silk protein hydrolysis. A combination of both phoxim and TiO2 NP treatment resulted in marked changes in the expression of 754 genes, while treatment with TiO2 NPs led to significant alterations in the expression of 308 genes. Importantly, pretreatment with TiO2 NPs increased Fib-L, Ser2, Ser3, and P25 expression, and decreased SFGH, UCH3, and Salhh expression in silk protein in the silk gland under phoxim stress. Therefore, Fib-L, Ser2, Ser3, P25, SFGH, UCH3, and Salhh may be potential biomarkers of silk gland toxicity in B. mori caused by phoxim exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rengping Hu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weide Shen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, China; Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biomaterials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Nickkholgh B, Mizrak SC, Korver CM, van Daalen SKM, Meissner A, Repping S, van Pelt AMM. Enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells from long-term cultured human testicular cells. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:558-565.e5. [PMID: 24864010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the degree of enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from human testicular cell cultures by ITGA6+, HLA-/ITGA6+, GPR125+, and HLA-/GPR125+ magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS). DESIGN Experimental basic science study. SETTING Reproductive biology laboratory. PATIENT(S) Multiple samples of cryopreserved human testicular cells from two prostate cancer patients with normal spermatogenesis. INTERVENTION(S) Cultured human testicular cells subjected to four sorting strategies based on MACS and xenotransplanted to the testes of mice to determine the enrichment for SSCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Enrichment for human spermatogonia and SSCs tested by expression analysis of spermatogonial markers ITGA6, GPR125, ZBTB16, UCHL1, and ID4 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and by xenotransplantation into the testes of mice, respectively. RESULT(S) Compared with the nonsorted cultured testicular cells, only the ITGA6+ and HLA-/GPR125+ sorted cells showed enrichment for ID4. No difference in expression of ZBTB16 and UCHL1 was observed. Xenotransplantation of the sorted cell fractions showed a 7.1-fold enrichment of SSCs with ITGA6+. CONCLUSION(S) Magnetic-assisted cell sorting of cultured human testicular cells using ITGA6 allows for enrichment of SSCs, which aids in further molecular characterization of cultured human SSCs and enhances testicular colonization upon transplantation in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Nickkholgh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sefika Canan Mizrak
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy M Korver
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia K M van Daalen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Meissner
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Repping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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The role of E3 ligases in the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 30:27-35. [PMID: 24632385 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification that was first described as a means to target misfolded or unwanted proteins for degradation by the proteasome. It is now appreciated that the ubiquitination of proteins also serves as a mechanism to modify protein function and cellular functions such as protein trafficking, cell signaling, DNA repair, chromatin modifications, cell-cycle progression and cell death. The ubiquitination of proteins occurs through the hierarchal transfer of ubiquitin from an E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme to an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and finally to an E3 ubiquitin ligase that transfers the ubiquitin to its target protein. It is the final E3 ubiquitin ligase that confers the substrate specificity for ubiquitination and is the focus of this review. Spermatogenesis is a complex and highly regulated process by which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitotic proliferation and expansion of the diploid spermatogonial population, differentiate into spermatocytes and progress through two meiotic divisions to produce haploid spermatids that proceed through a final morphogenesis to generate mature spermatozoa. The ubiquitination of proteins in the cells of the testis occurs in many of the processes required for the progression of mature spermatozoa. Since it is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the target protein and provides the specificity and selectivity for ubiquitination, this review highlights known examples of E3 ligases in the testis and the differing roles that they play in maintaining functional spermatogenesis.
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system in spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:181-213. [PMID: 25030765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis represents a complex succession of cell division and differentiation events resulting in the continuous formation of spermatozoa. Such a complex program requires precise expression of enzymes and structural proteins which is effected not only by regulation of gene transcription and translation, but also by targeted protein degradation. In this chapter, we review current knowledge about the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in spermatogenesis, describing both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of ubiquitination. Ubiquitination plays essential roles in the establishment of both spermatogonial stem cells and differentiating spermatogonia from gonocytes. It also plays critical roles in several key processes during meiosis such as genetic recombination and sex chromosome silencing. Finally, in spermiogenesis, we summarize current knowledge of the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in nucleosome removal and establishment of key structures in the mature spermatid. Many mechanisms remain to be precisely defined, but present knowledge indicates that research in this area has significant potential to translate into benefits that will address problems in both human and animal reproduction.
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35
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Guo Y, Hai Y, Gong Y, Li Z, He Z. Characterization, Isolation, and Culture of Mouse and Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:407-13. [PMID: 24114612 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Renji Hospital; Clinic Stem Cell Research Center; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yanan Hai
- Renji Hospital; Clinic Stem Cell Research Center; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Renji Hospital; Clinic Stem Cell Research Center; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Human Sperm Bank; Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zuping He
- Renji Hospital; Clinic Stem Cell Research Center; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics; Shanghai China
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36
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Ouh IO, Seo MG, Shah FA, Gim SA, Koh PO. Proteomic analysis of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:313-21. [PMID: 24189580 PMCID: PMC4013356 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that leads to serious testicular
damage and male infertility. We performed this study to identify specific proteins that
are differentially expressed in response to testicular torsion and detorsion-induced
ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Adult male rats were divided into two groups: a
sham-operated group and a testicular I-R group. Testicular torsion was induced by rotating
the left testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 1 hr, and then, detorsion was performed
for 24 hr. After this testicular tissues were collected, protein analysis was performed
using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses. Testicular I-R injury
resulted in serious histopathologic damage to the germinal cells in the seminiferous
tubules and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in testicular tissue. Specific
protein spots with a greater than 2.5-fold change in intensity between the sham-operated
and testicular I-R groups were identified by mass spectrometry. Among these proteins,
levels of peroxiredoxin 6, thioredoxin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins,
ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 and zinc finger AN1-type domain 3 were
decreased in the testicular I-R group compared to the sham-operated group. Moreover,
Western blot analysis clearly showed the decrease of these proteins in the testicular I-R
group. These proteins have spermatogenesis and anti-oxidative functions. These findings
suggest that testicular I-R results in cell death due to altered expression of several
proteins with spermatogenesis and anti-oxidation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ohk Ouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Iqbal J, Li W, Ullah K, Hasan M, Linna G, Awan U, Zhang Y, Batool S, Qing H, Deng Y. Study of rat hypothalamic proteome by HPLC/ESI ion trap and HPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS. Proteomics 2013; 13:2455-68. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wang Li
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Kaleem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Guo Linna
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Umer Awan
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Sajida Batool
- Wolfson Centre for Stem cells; Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), University of Nottingham; UK
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
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Hou CC, Yang WX. New insights to the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) mechanism during spermatogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3213-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Yamamoto Y, Watanabe T, Hoki Y, Shirane K, Li Y, Ichiiyanagi K, Kuramochi-Miyagawa S, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Oginuma M, Suzuki H, Sado T, Nakano T, Sasaki H. Targeted gene silencing in mouse germ cells by insertion of a homologous DNA into a piRNA generating locus. Genome Res 2012; 23:292-9. [PMID: 23132912 PMCID: PMC3561870 DOI: 10.1101/gr.137224.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In germ cells, early embryos, and stem cells of animals, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have an important role in silencing retrotransposons, which are vicious genomic parasites, through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. To examine whether the piRNA pathway can be used to silence genes of interest in germ cells, we have generated knock-in mice in which a foreign DNA fragment was inserted into a region generating pachytene piRNAs. The knock-in sequence was transcribed, and the resulting RNA was processed to yield piRNAs in postnatal testes. When reporter genes possessing a sequence complementary to portions of the knock-in sequence were introduced, they were greatly repressed after the time of pachytene piRNA generation. This repression mainly occurred at the post-transcriptional level, as degradation of the reporter RNAs was accelerated. Our results show that the piRNA pathway can be used as a tool for sequence-specific gene silencing in germ cells and support the idea that the piRNA generating regions serve as traps for retrotransposons, enabling the host cell to generate piRNAs against active retrotransposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Epigenomics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Galangin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via regulation of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and glutathione S-transferase P. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:684-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Meyer-Schwesinger C, Meyer TN, Sievert H, Hoxha E, Sachs M, Klupp EM, Münster S, Balabanov S, Carrier L, Helmchen U, Thaiss F, Stahl RAK. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-l1 activity induces polyubiquitin accumulation in podocytes and increases proteinuria in rat membranous nephropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2044-57. [PMID: 21514420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), a key protease of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Recently, de novo expression of UCH-L1 was described in podocytes in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), in which UCH-L1 expression correlated with increased ubiquitin content. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of UCH-L1 in ubiquitin homeostasis and proteasomal degradation in a rat model of MN. After disease induction, UCH-L1 expression increased in podocytes and coincided with decreased glomerular monoubiquitin content. After an initial increase in proteasomal activity, the UPS was impaired. In addition to an increase of ubiquitin in podocytes, aggregates were observed 1 year after disease induction, as in MN in human beings. Inhibition of UCH-L1 hydrolase function in MN reduced UPS impairment and ameliorated proteinuria. In contrast, inhibition of proteasomal activity enhanced UPS impairment, resulting in increased proteinuria. Stable UCH-L1 overexpression in cultured podocytes resulted in accumulation of monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin proteins. In contrast, stable knock-down of UCH-L1 reduced monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin proteins and significantly increased proteasomal activity, indicating that the observed effects in rat MN also occurred in cultured podocytes. These data demonstrate that UCH-L1 activity results in polyubiquitin accumulation, proteasome inhibition, and disease aggravation in experimental models of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Nierenregister, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Larsen K, Madsen LB, Bendixen C. Porcine UCHL1: genomic organization, chromosome localization and expression analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1095-103. [PMID: 21567194 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human UCHL1 gene encodes the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase UCHL1, which comprises more than 2% of total brain protein. UCHL1 is a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which degrades overexpressed and damaged proteins. Mutations in the UCHL1 gene are associated with susceptibility to and protection from Parkinson's disease. Here we report cloning, characterization, expression analysis and mapping of porcine UCHL1. The UCHL1 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using oligonucleotide primers derived from in silico sequences. The porcine cDNA codes for a protein of 223 amino acids which shows a very high similarity to human (98%) and to mouse (97%) UCHL1. In addition, the genomic organization of the porcine UCHL1 gene was determined. The porcine UCHL1 gene was mapped to chromosome 8(½p21)-p23. Three SNPs were found in the porcine UCHL1 sequence. Expression analysis by quantitative real time RT-PCR demonstrated that porcine UCHL1 mRNA is differentially expressed in various organs and tissues and similar to its human counterpart. UCHL1 transcript is most abundant in brain tissues and in the spinal cord. The UCHL1 mRNA expression was also investigated in developing porcine embryos. UCHL1 transcript was detected as early as 40 days of gestation. A significant decrease in UCHL1 transcript was detected in basal ganglia from day 60 to day 115 of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Hermo L, Pelletier RM, Cyr DG, Smith CE. Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 4: intercellular bridges, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, apoptosis, ubiquitination, membrane/voltage-gated channels, methylation/acetylation, and transcription factors. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:364-408. [PMID: 19941288 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As germ cells divide and differentiate from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, they share a number of structural and functional features that are common to all generations of germ cells and these features are discussed herein. Germ cells are linked to one another by large intercellular bridges which serve to move molecules and even large organelles from the cytoplasm of one cell to another. Mitochondria take on different shapes and features and topographical arrangements to accommodate their specific needs during spermatogenesis. The nuclear envelope and pore complex also undergo extensive modifications concomitant with the development of germ cell generations. Apoptosis is an event that is normally triggered by germ cells and involves many proteins. It occurs to limit the germ cell pool and acts as a quality control mechanism. The ubiquitin pathway comprises enzymes that ubiquitinate as well as deubiquitinate target proteins and this pathway is present and functional in germ cells. Germ cells express many proteins involved in water balance and pH control as well as voltage-gated ion channel movement. In the nucleus, proteins undergo epigenetic modifications which include methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, with each of these modifications signaling changes in chromatin structure. Germ cells contain specialized transcription complexes that coordinate the differentiation program of spermatogenesis, and there are many male germ cell-specific differences in the components of this machinery. All of the above features of germ cells will be discussed along with the specific proteins/genes and abnormalities to fertility related to each topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B2.
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44
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Luo J, Rodriguez-Sosa JR, Tang L, Bondareva A, Megee S, Dobrinski I. Expression pattern of acetylated alpha-tubulin in porcine spermatogonia. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:348-52. [PMID: 20043318 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogonial stem cells reside on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules. The mechanisms responsible for maintenance of spermatogonia at the basement membrane are unclear. Since acetylated alpha-tubulin (Ac-alpha-Tu) is a component of long-lived, stable microtubules and deacetylation of alpha-tubulin enhances cell motility, we hypothesized that acetylation of alpha-tubulin might be associated with positioning of spermatogonia at the basement membrane. The expression pattern of Ac-alpha-Tu at different stages of testis development was characterized by immunohistochemistry for Ac-alpha-Tu and spermatogonia-specific proteins (PGP 9.5, DAZL). In immature pig testes, Ac-alpha-Tu was present exclusively in gonocytes at 1 week of age, and in a subset of spermatogonia at 10 weeks of age. At this age, spermatogonia are migrating toward the tubule periphery and Ac-alpha-Tu appeared polarized toward the basement membrane. In adult pig testes, Ac-alpha-Tu was detected in few single or paired spermatogonia at the basement membrane as well as in spermatids and spermatozoa. Only undifferentiated (DAZL-), proliferating (determined by BrdU incorporation) spermatogonia expressed high levels of Ac-alpha-Tu. Comparison with the expression pattern of beta-tubulin and tyrosinated alpha-tubulin confirmed that only Ac-alpha-Tu is specific to germ cells. The unique pattern of Ac-alpha-Tu in undifferentiated germ cells during postnatal development suggests that posttranslational modifications of microtubules may play an important role in recruiting and anchoring spermatogonia at the basement membrane. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 348-352, 2010. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Luo
- Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Day IN, Thompson RJ. UCHL1 (PGP 9.5): Neuronal biomarker and ubiquitin system protein. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 90:327-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Susor A, Liskova L, Toralova T, Pavlok A, Pivonkova K, Karabinova P, Lopatarova M, Sutovsky P, Kubelka M. Role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 in antipolyspermy defense of mammalian oocytes. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:1151-61. [PMID: 20164442 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates many cellular processes through rapid proteasomal degradation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) is one of the most abundant proteins in mammalian oocytes. It has weak hydrolytic activity as a monomer and acts as a ubiquitin ligase in its dimeric or oligomeric form. Recently published data show that insufficiency in UCHL1 activity coincides with polyspermic fertilization; however, the mechanism by which UCHL1 contributes to this process remains unclear. Using UCHL1-specific inhibitors, we induced a high rate of polyspermy in bovine zygotes after in vitro fertilization. We also detected decreased levels in the monomeric ubiquitin and polyubiquitin pool. The presence of UCHL1 inhibitors in maturation medium enhanced formation of presumptive UCHL1 oligomers and subsequently increased abundance of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains in oocytes. We analyzed the dynamics of cortical granules (CGs) in UCHL1-inhibited oocytes; both migration of CGs toward the cortex during oocyte maturation and fertilization-induced extrusion of CGs were impaired. These alterations in CG dynamics coincided with high polyspermy incidence in in vitro-produced UCHL1-inhibited zygotes. These data indicate that antipolyspermy defense in bovine oocytes may rely on UCHL1-controlled functioning of CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Susor
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic.
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47
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Luo J, Megee S, Dobrinski I. Asymmetric distribution of UCH-L1 in spermatogonia is associated with maintenance and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2009; 220:460-8. [PMID: 19388011 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric division of germline stem cells in vertebrates was proposed a century ago; however, direct evidence for asymmetric division of mammalian spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has been scarce. Here, we report that ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCH-L1) is expressed in type A (A(s), A(pr), and A(al)) spermatogonia located at the basement membrane (BM) of seminiferous tubules at high and low levels, but not in differentiated germ cells distant from the BM. Asymmetric segregation of UCH-L1 was associated with self-renewal versus differentiation divisions of SSCs as defined by co-localization of UCH-L1(high) and PLZF, a known determinant of undifferentiated SSCs, versus co-localization of UCH-L1(low/-) with proteins expressed during SSC differentiation (DAZL, DDX4, c-KIT). In vitro, gonocytes/spermatogonia frequently underwent asymmetric divisions characterized by unequal segregation of UCH-L1 and PLZF. Importantly, we could also demonstrate asymmetric segregation of UCH-L1 and PLZF in situ in seminiferous tubules. Expression level of UCH-L1 in the immature testis where spermatogenesis was not complete was not affected by the location of germ cells relative to the BM, whereas UCH-L1-positive spermatogonia were exclusively located at the BM in the adult testis. Asymmetric division of SSCs appeared to be affected by interaction with supporting somatic cells and extracelluar matrix. These findings for the first time provide direct evidence for existence of asymmetric division during SSCs self-renewal and differentiation in mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Luo
- Department of Clinical Studies, Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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Benedetto A, Au C, Aschner M. Manganese-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration: Insights into Mechanisms and Genetics Shared with Parkinson’s Disease. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4862-84. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800536y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benedetto
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0414
| | - Catherine Au
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0414
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0414
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Membrane-associated farnesylated UCH-L1 promotes alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity and is a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:4635-40. [PMID: 19261853 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806474106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and memory and is selectively expressed in neurons at high levels. Its expression pattern suggests a function distinct from that of its widely expressed homolog UCH-L3. We report here that, in contrast to UCH-L3, UCH-L1 exists in a membrane-associated form (UCH-L1(M)) in addition to the commonly studied soluble form. C-terminal farnesylation promotes the association of UCH-L1 with cellular membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum. The amount of UCH-L1(M) in transfected cells is shown to correlate with the intracellular level of alpha-synuclein, a protein whose accumulation is associated with neurotoxicity and the development of PD. Reduction of UCH-L1(M) in cell culture models of alpha-synuclein toxicity by treatment with a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI-277) reduces alpha-synuclein levels and increases cell viability. Proteasome function is not affected by UCH-L1(M), suggesting that it may negatively regulate the lysosomal degradation of alpha-synuclein. Therefore, inhibition of UCH-L1 farnesylation may be a therapeutic strategy for slowing the progression of PD and related synucleinopathies.
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Lee IW, Kuan LC, Lin CH, Pan HA, Hsu CC, Tsai YC, Kuo PL, Teng YN. Association of USP26 haplotypes in men in Taiwan, China with severe spermatogenic defect. Asian J Androl 2009; 10:896-904. [PMID: 18958354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To complete comprehensive haplotype analysis of USP26 for both fertile and infertile men. METHODS Two hundred infertile men with severe oligospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia were subjected to sequence analysis for the entire coding sequences of the USP26 gene. Two hundred men with proven fertility were genotyped by primer extension methods. Allele/genotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium (LD) characteristics and haplotypes of fertile men were compared with infertile men. RESULTS The allele frequencies of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (370-371insACA, 494T>C, 576G>A, ss6202791C>T, 1737G>A) were significantly higher in infertile patients than control subjects. The major haplotypes in infertile men were TACCGA (28% of the population), TGCCGA (15%), TACCAA (8%), TGCCAA (6%), TATCAA (5%) and CATCAA (5%). The major haplotypes for the control subjects were TACCGA (58% of the population), CACCGA (7%), CATCGA (6%) and TGCCGA (5%). Haplotypes TGCCGA, TATCAA, CATCAA, CATCGC, TACCAA and TGCCAA were over-transmitted in patients with spermatogenic defect, whereas haplotypes TACCGA, CACCGA, and CATCGA were under-transmitted in these patients. CONCLUSION Some USP26 alleles and haplotypes are associated with spermatogenic defect in the Han nationality in Taiwan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan 701, Taiwan, China
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