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Yang G, Li S, Cai S, Zhou J, Ye Q, Zhang S, Chen F, Wang F, Zeng X. Dietary methionine supplementation during the estrous cycle improves follicular development and estrogen synthesis in rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:704-715. [PMID: 38109056 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The follicle is an important unit for the synthesis of steroid hormones and the oocyte development and maturation in mammals. However, the effect of methionine supply on follicle development and its regulatory mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, we found that dietary methionine supplementation during the estrous cycle significantly increased the number of embryo implantation sites, as well as serum contents of a variety of amino acids and methionine metabolic enzymes in rats. Additionally, methionine supplementation markedly enhanced the expression of rat ovarian neutral amino acid transporters, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE); meanwhile, it significantly increased the ovarian concentrations of the metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and glutathione (GSH). In vitro data showed that methionine supply promotes rat follicle development through enhancing the expression of critical gene growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15. Furthermore, methionine enhanced the relative protein and mRNA expression of critical genes related to estrogen synthesis, ultimately increasing estrogen synthesis in primary ovarian granulosa cells. Taken together, our results suggested that methionine promoted follicular growth and estrogen synthesis in rats during the estrus cycle, which improved embryo implantation during early pregnancy. These findings provided a potential nutritional strategy to improve the reproductive performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR. China.
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, PR. China
| | - Siyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR. China.
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, PR. China
| | - Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR. China.
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, PR. China
| | - Junyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR. China.
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, PR. China
| | - Qianhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hu Hubei Hongshan Laboratory. College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR. China.
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, PR. China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR. China.
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, PR. China
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Sciorio R, Rinaudo P. Culture conditions in the IVF laboratory: state of the ART and possible new directions. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:2591-2607. [PMID: 37725178 PMCID: PMC10643723 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last four decades, the assisted reproductive technology (ART) field has witnessed advances, resulting in improving pregnancy rates and diminishing complications, in particular reduced incidence of multiple births. These improvements are secondary to advanced knowledge on embryonic physiology and metabolism, resulting in the ability to design new and improved culture conditions. Indeed, the incubator represents only a surrogate of the oviduct and uterus, and the culture conditions are only imitating the physiological environment of the female reproductive tract. In vivo, the embryo travels through a dynamic and changing environment from the oviduct to the uterus, while in vitro, the embryo is cultured in a static fashion. Importantly, while culture media play a critical role in optimising embryo development, a large host of additional factors are equally important. Additional potential variables, including but not limited to pH, temperature, osmolality, gas concentrations and light exposure need to be carefully controlled to prevent stress and permit optimal implantation potential. This manuscript will provide an overview of how different current culture conditions may affect oocyte and embryo viability with particular focus on human literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, CHUV-Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Paolo Rinaudo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wiegel RE, Rubini E, Rousian M, Schoenmakers S, Laven JSE, Willemsen SP, Baart EB, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Human oocyte area is associated with preimplantation embryo usage and early embryo development: the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023:10.1007/s10815-023-02803-1. [PMID: 37129725 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between oocyte area and fertilization rate, embryo usage, and preimplantation embryo development in order to establish if oocyte area can be a marker for optimal early embryo development. METHODS From 2017 to 2020, 378 couples with an indication for IVF (n = 124) or ICSI (n = 254) were included preconceptionally in the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort. Resulting oocytes (n = 2810) were fertilized and submitted to time-lapse embryo culture. Oocyte area was measured at the moment of fertilization (t0), pronuclear appearance (tPNa), and fading (tPNf). Fertilization rate, embryo usage and quality, and embryo morphokinetics from 2-cell stage to expanded blastocyst stage (t2-tEB) were used as outcome measures in association with oocyte area. Oocytes were termed "used" if they were fertilized and embryo development resulted in transfer or cryopreservation, and otherwise termed "discarded". Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Oocyte area decreased from t0 to tPNf after IVF and ICSI, and oocytes with larger area shrank faster (β - 12.6 µm2/h, 95%CI - 14.6; - 10.5, p < 0.001). Oocytes that resulted in a used embryo were larger at all time-points and reached tPNf faster than oocytes that fertilized but were discarded (oocyte area at tPNf in used 9864 ± 595 µm2 versus discarded 9679 ± 673 µm2, p < 0.001, tPNf in used 23.6 ± 3.2 h versus discarded 25.6 ± 5.9 h, p < 0.001). Larger oocytes had higher odds of being used (oocyte area at tPNf ORused 1.669, 95%CI 1.336; 2.085, p < 0.001), were associated with faster embryo development up to the morula stage (e.g., t9 β - 0.131 min, 95%CI - 0.237; - 0.025, p = 0.016) and higher ICM quality. CONCLUSION Oocyte area is an informative marker for the preimplantation development of the embryo, as a larger oocyte area is associated with higher quality, faster developing embryos, and higher chance of being used. Identifying determinants associated with oocyte and embryo viability and quality could contribute to improved preconception care and subsequently healthy pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalieke E Wiegel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Rubini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melek Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B Baart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Satouh Y, Sato K. Reorganization, specialization, and degradation of oocyte maternal components for early development. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12505. [PMID: 36726596 PMCID: PMC9884333 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oocyte components are maternally provided, solely determine oocyte quality, and coordinately determine embryo quality with zygotic gene expression. During oocyte maturation, maternal organelles are drastically reorganized and specialized to support oocyte characteristics. A large number of maternal components are actively degraded after fertilization and gradually replaced by zygotic gene products. The molecular basis and the significance of these processes on oocyte/embryo quality are not fully understood. Methods Firstly, recent findings in organelle characteristics of other cells or oocytes from model organisms are introduced for further understanding of oocyte organelle reorganization/specialization. Secondly, recent progress in studies on maternal components degradation and their molecular mechanisms are introduced. Finally, future applications of these advancements for predicting mammalian oocyte/embryo quality are discussed. Main findings The significance of cellular surface protein degradation via endocytosis for embryonic development, and involvement of biogenesis of lipid droplets in embryonic quality, were recently reported using mammalian model organisms. Conclusion Identifying key oocyte component characteristics and understanding their dynamics may lead to new applications in oocyte/embryo quality prediction and improvement. To implement these multidimensional concepts, development of new technical approaches that allow us to address the complexity and efficient studies using model organisms are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhkoh Satouh
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
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Morita A, Satouh Y, Sato K, Iwase A. Significance of the association between early embryonic development and endocytosis. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:167-173. [PMID: 35833996 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization triggers a process called maternal-to-zygotic transition, in which the oocyte undergoes oocyte-to-embryo transition, leading to massive intracellular remodeling toward early embryogenesis. This transition requires the degradation of oocyte-derived components; however, the significance and mechanism of degradation of cell surface components remain unknown. In this review, we focused on the dynamics of plasma membrane proteins and investigated the relationship between embryonic development and endocytosis. Our survey of the extant literature on the topic led to the conclusion that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the progression of early embryogenesis and selective degradation of oocyte-derived plasma membrane proteins in mouse embryos, as reported by studies analyzing maternal cellular surface proteins, including a glycine transporter, GlyT1a. Evaluation of such endocytic activity in individual embryos may allow the selection of embryos with higher viability in assisted reproductive technologies, and it is important to select viable embryos to increase the rates of successful pregnancy and live birth. Although the early embryonic developmental abnormalities are mainly accompanied with chromosomal aneuploidy, other causes and mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes molecular biological approaches to early embryonic developmental abnormalities and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Morita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Yuhkoh Satouh
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Khorram Khorshid HR, Sengupta P. Electrophysiology of Human Gametes: A Systematic Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:442-455. [PMID: 35021309 PMCID: PMC9253800 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oocytes and spermatozoa are electrogenic cells with the ability to respond to electrical stimuli and modulate their electrical properties accordingly. Determination of the ionic events during the gamete maturation helps to design suitable culture media for gametes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The present systematic review focuses on the electrophysiology of human gametes during different stages of maturation and also during fertilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reports published in the English language between January 2000 and July 2021 were extracted from various electronic scientific databases following the PRISMA checklist using specific MeSH keywords. RESULTS Subsequent to the screening process with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles have been included in this review. Among them, 11 articles were directly related to the electrophysiology of human oocytes and 49 physiology department to the electrophysiology of human spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS Gametes generate electrical currents by ionic exchange, particularly Na+, K+, Cl-, H+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Se2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and Ca2+ through specific ion channels in different stages of gamete maturation. The ionic concentrations, pH, and other physicochemical variables are modulated during the gametogenesis, maturation, activation, and the fertilization process following gamete function and metabolism. The electrical properties of human gametes change during different stages of maturation. Although it is demonstrated that the electrical properties are significant regulators of cell signaling and are fundamental to gamete maturation and fertilization, their exact roles in these processes are still poorly understood. Further research is required to unveil the intricate electrophysiological processes of human gamete maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
- Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biosciences and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, India.
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SATO K. Multiple roles of endocytosis and autophagy in intracellular remodeling during oocyte-to-embryo transition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:207-221. [PMID: 35545527 PMCID: PMC9130481 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is the starting point for creating new progeny. At this time, the highly differentiated oocyte and sperm fuse to form one zygote, which is then converted into a pluripotent early embryo. Recent studies have shown that the lysosomal degradation system via autophagy and endocytosis plays important roles in the remodeling of intracellular components during oocyte-to-embryo transition. For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans, zygotes show high endocytic activity, and some populations of maternal membrane proteins are selectively internalized and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Furthermore, fertilization triggers selective autophagy of sperm-derived paternal mitochondria, which establishes maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, it has been shown that autophagy via liquid-liquid phase separation results in the selective degradation of some germ granule components, which are distributed to somatic cells of early embryos. This review outlines the physiological functions of the lysosomal degradation system and its molecular mechanisms in C. elegans and mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken SATO
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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8
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Leese HJ, McKeegan PJ, Sturmey RG. Amino Acids and the Early Mammalian Embryo: Origin, Fate, Function and Life-Long Legacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9874. [PMID: 34574797 PMCID: PMC8467587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are now recognised as having multiple cellular functions in addition to their traditional role as constituents of proteins. This is well-illustrated in the early mammalian embryo where amino acids are now known to be involved in intermediary metabolism, as energy substrates, in signal transduction, osmoregulation and as intermediaries in numerous pathways which involve nitrogen metabolism, e.g., the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, creatine and glutathione. The amino acid derivative S-adenosylmethionine has emerged as a universal methylating agent with a fundamental role in epigenetic regulation. Amino acids are now added routinely to preimplantation embryo culture media. This review examines the routes by which amino acids are supplied to the early embryo, focusing on the role of the oviduct epithelium, followed by an outline of their general fate and function within the embryo. Functions specific to individual amino acids are then considered. The importance of amino acids during the preimplantation period for maternal health and that of the conceptus long term, which has come from the developmental origins of health and disease concept of David Barker, is discussed and the review concludes by considering the potential utility of amino acid profiles as diagnostic of embryo health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Leese
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Paul J. McKeegan
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Roger G. Sturmey
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Fleming TP, Sun C, Denisenko O, Caetano L, Aljahdali A, Gould JM, Khurana P. Environmental Exposures around Conception: Developmental Pathways Leading to Lifetime Disease Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9380. [PMID: 34501969 PMCID: PMC8431664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environment around conception can influence the developmental programme with lasting effects on gestational and postnatal phenotype and with consequences for adult health and disease risk. Peri-conception exposure comprises a crucial part of the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) concept. In this review, we consider the effects of maternal undernutrition experienced during the peri-conception period in select human models and in a mouse experimental model of protein restriction. Human datasets indicate that macronutrient deprivation around conception affect the epigenome, with enduring effects on cardiometabolic and neurological health. The mouse model, comprising maternal low protein diet exclusively during the peri-conception period, has revealed a stepwise progression in altered developmental programming following induction through maternal metabolite deficiency. This progression includes differential effects in extra-embryonic and embryonic cell lineages and tissues, leading to maladaptation in the growth trajectory and increased chronic disease comorbidities. The timeline embraces an array of mechanisms across nutrient sensing and signalling, cellular, metabolic, epigenetic and physiological processes with a coordinating role for mTORC1 signalling proposed. Early embryos appear active participants in environmental sensing to optimise the developmental programme for survival but with the trade-off of later disease. Similar adverse health outcomes may derive from other peri-conception environmental experiences, including maternal overnutrition, micronutrient availability, pollutant exposure and assisted reproductive treatments (ART) and support the need for preconception health before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P. Fleming
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleg Denisenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Rm 242, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Laura Caetano
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Anan Aljahdali
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alfaisaliah campus, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna M. Gould
- Clinical Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Pooja Khurana
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Morita A, Satouh Y, Kosako H, Kobayashi H, Iwase A, Sato K. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the selective degradation of maternal membrane proteins and preimplantation development. Development 2021; 148:270925. [PMID: 34269385 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization triggers significant cellular remodeling through the oocyte-to-embryo transition. In this transition, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy are essential for the degradation of maternal components; however, the significance of degradation of cell surface components remains unknown. In this study, we show that multiple maternal plasma membrane proteins, such as the glycine transporter GlyT1a, are selectively internalized from the plasma membrane to endosomes in mouse embryos by the late two-cell stage and then transported to lysosomes for degradation at the later stages. During this process, large amounts of ubiquitylated proteins accumulated on endosomes. Furthermore, the degradation of GlyT1a with mutations in potential ubiquitylation sites was delayed, suggesting that ubiquitylation may be involved in GlyT1a degradation. The clathrin inhibitor blocked GlyT1a internalization. Strikingly, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator triggered the heterochronic internalization of GlyT1a; the PKC inhibitor markedly blocked GlyT1a endocytosis. Lastly, clathrin inhibition completely blocked embryogenesis at the two-cell stage and inhibited cell division after the four-cell stage. These findings demonstrate that PKC-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the selective degradation of maternal membrane proteins during oocyte-to-embryo transition and early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Morita
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuhkoh Satouh
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hisae Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
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11
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Tscherner AK, Macaulay AD, Ortman CS, Baltz JM. Initiation of cell volume regulation and unique cell volume regulatory mechanisms in mammalian oocytes and embryos. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7117-7133. [PMID: 33634482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The period beginning with the signal for ovulation, when a fully-grown oocyte progresses through meiosis to become a mature egg that is fertilized and develops as a preimplantation embryo, is crucial for healthy development. The early preimplantation embryo is unusually sensitive to cell volume perturbations, with even moderate decreases in volume or dysregulation of volume-regulatory mechanisms resulting in developmental arrest. To prevent this, early embryos possess mechanisms of cell volume control that are apparently unique to them. These rely on the accumulation of glycine and betaine (N, N, N-trimethylglycine) as organic osmolytes-compounds that can provide intracellular osmotic support without the deleterious effects of inorganic ions. Preimplantation embryos also have the same mechanisms as somatic cells that mediate rapid responses to deviations in cell volume, which rely on inorganic ion transport. Both the unique, embryo-specific mechanisms that use glycine and betaine and the inorganic ion-dependent mechanisms undergo major changes during meiotic maturation and preimplantation development. The most profound changes occur immediately after ovulation is triggered. Before this, oocytes cannot regulate their volume, since they are strongly attached to their rigid extracellular matrix shell, the zona pellucida. After ovulation is triggered, the oocyte detaches from the zona pellucida and first becomes capable of independent volume regulation. A complex set of developmental changes in each cell volume-regulatory mechanism continues through egg maturation and preimplantation development. The unique cell volume-regulatory mechanisms in eggs and preimplantation embryos and the developmental changes they undergo appear critical for normal healthy embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Tscherner
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angus D Macaulay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chyna S Ortman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay M Baltz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Differences in resistance against osmotic challenge among C57BL/6, DBA/2 and their hybrid mice metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:250-254. [PMID: 31397238 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oocytes of B6D2F1 (BDF1) mice are often used as recipients for intracytoplasmic sperm injection because of their cell membrane resistance against capillary penetration. It is assumed that oocytes of BDF1 mice have superior traits because of their hybrid vigour. However, the mechanisms of hybrid vigour are unclear. In this study, we focused on the membrane resistance of MII stage oocytes against changes in extracellular osmotic pressure. As a result, MII stage oocytes of inbred C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice showed high tolerance in either a hypertonic or a hypotonic environment. Conversely, MII stage oocytes of hybrid BDF1 and D2B6F1 mice showed high tolerance in both hypertonic and hypotonic environments. Therefore, it is considered that MII stage oocytes of hybrid mice have superior traits than those of inbred mice. Our findings demonstrated that the hybrid vigour exists in the form of resistance to extracellular osmotic environment in hybrid MII stage oocytes.
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Controversies in ART: considerations and risks for uninterrupted embryo culture. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Focal adhesion kinase PTK2 autophosphorylation is not required for the activation of sodium–hydrogen exchange by decreased cell volume in the preimplantation mouse embryo. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:173-179. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRecovery from decreased cell volume is accomplished by a regulated increase of intracellular osmolarity. The acute response is activation of inorganic ion transport into the cell, the main effector of which is the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. NHE1 is rapidly activated by a cell volume decrease in early embryos, but how this occurs is incompletely understood. Elucidating cell volume-regulatory mechanisms in early embryos is important, as it has been shown that their dysregulation results in preimplantation developmental arrest. The kinase JAK2 has a role in volume-mediated NHE1 activation in at least some cells, including 2-cell stage mouse embryos. However, while 2-cell embryos show partial inhibition of NHE1 when JAK2 activity is blocked, NHE1 activation in 1-cell embryos is JAK2-independent, implying a requirement for additional signalling mechanisms. As focal adhesion kinase (FAK aka PTK2) becomes phosphorylated and activated in some cell types in response to decreased cell volume, we sought to determine whether it was involved in NHE1 activation in the early mouse embryo. FAK activity requires initial autophosphorylation of a tyrosine residue, Y397. However, FAK Y397 phosphorylation levels were not increased in either 1- or 2-cell embryos after cell volume was decreased. Furthermore, the selective FAK inhibitor PF-562271 did not affect NHE1 activation at concentrations that essentially eliminated Y397 phosphorylation. Thus, autophosphorylation of FAK Y397 does not appear to be required for NHE1 activation induced by a decrease in cell volume in early mouse embryos.
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Carvacho I, Piesche M, Maier TJ, Machaca K. Ion Channel Function During Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:63. [PMID: 29998105 PMCID: PMC6028574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper maturation of both male and female gametes is essential for supporting fertilization and the early embryonic divisions. In the ovary, immature fully-grown oocytes that are arrested in prophase I of meiosis I are not able to support fertilization. Acquiring fertilization competence requires resumption of meiosis which encompasses the remodeling of multiple signaling pathways and the reorganization of cellular organelles. Collectively, this differentiation endows the egg with the ability to activate at fertilization and to promote the egg-to-embryo transition. Oocyte maturation is associated with changes in the electrical properties of the plasma membrane and alterations in the function and distribution of ion channels. Therefore, variations on the pattern of expression, distribution, and function of ion channels and transporters during oocyte maturation are fundamental to reproductive success. Ion channels and transporters are important in regulating membrane potential, but also in the case of calcium (Ca2+), they play a critical role in modulating intracellular signaling pathways. In the context of fertilization, Ca2+ has been shown to be the universal activator of development at fertilization, playing a central role in early events associated with egg activation and the egg-to-embryo transition. These early events include the block of polyspermy, the completion of meiosis and the transition to the embryonic mitotic divisions. In this review, we discuss the role of ion channels during oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. We will describe how ion channel studies in Xenopus oocytes, an extensively studied model of oocyte maturation, translate into a greater understanding of the role of ion channels in mammalian oocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Thorsten J. Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell-Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Hu K, Yu Y. Metabolite availability as a window to view the early embryo microenvironment in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:1027-1038. [PMID: 28722155 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A preimplantation embryo exists independent of blood supply, and relies on energy sources from its in vivo environment (e.g., oviduct and uterine fluid) to sustain its development. The embryos can survive in this aqueous environment because it contains amino acids, proteins, lactate, pyruvate, oxygen, glucose, antioxidants, ions, growth factors, hormones, and phospholipids-albeit the concentration of each component varies by species, stage of the estrous cycle, and anatomical location. The dynamic nature of this environment sustains early development from the one-cell zygote to blastocyst, and is reciprocally influenced by the embryo at each embryonic stage. Focusing on embryo metabolism allowed us to identify how the local environment was deliberately selected to meet the dynamic needs of the preimplantation embryo, and helped reveal approaches to improve the in vitro culture of human embryos for improved implantation rates and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Reproductive Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Reproductive Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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McClatchie T, Meredith M, Ouédraogo MO, Slow S, Lever M, Mann MRW, Zeisel SH, Trasler JM, Baltz JM. Betaine is accumulated via transient choline dehydrogenase activation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13784-13794. [PMID: 28663368 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) plays key roles in mouse eggs and preimplantation embryos first in a novel mechanism of cell volume regulation and second as a major methyl donor in blastocysts, but its origin is unknown. Here, we determined that endogenous betaine was present at low levels in germinal vesicle (GV) stage mouse oocytes before ovulation and reached high levels in the mature, ovulated egg. However, no betaine transport into oocytes was detected during meiotic maturation. Because betaine can be synthesized in mammalian cells via choline dehydrogenase (CHDH; EC 1.1.99.1), we assessed whether this enzyme was expressed and active. Chdh transcripts and CHDH protein were expressed in oocytes. No CHDH enzyme activity was detected in GV oocyte lysate, but CHDH became highly active during oocyte meiotic maturation. It was again inactive after fertilization. We then determined whether oocytes synthesized betaine and whether CHDH was required. Isolated maturing oocytes autonomously synthesized betaine in vitro in the presence of choline, whereas this failed to occur in Chdh-/- oocytes, directly demonstrating a requirement for CHDH for betaine accumulation in oocytes. Overall, betaine accumulation is a previously unsuspected physiological process during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation whose underlying mechanism is the transient activation of CHDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor McClatchie
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Megan Meredith
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mariame O Ouédraogo
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sandy Slow
- the Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Michael Lever
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Mellissa R W Mann
- the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- the Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jacquetta M Trasler
- the Montréal Children's Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada, and.,the Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jay M Baltz
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada, .,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Richard S, Baltz JM. Preovulatory suppression of mouse oocyte cell volume-regulatory mechanisms is via signalling that is distinct from meiotic arrest. Sci Rep 2017; 7:702. [PMID: 28386066 PMCID: PMC5429605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
GLYT1-mediated glycine transport is the main cell volume-homeostatic mechanism in mouse eggs and early preimplantation embryos. It is unique to these developmental stages and key to their healthy development. GLYT1 first becomes activated in oocytes only after ovulation is triggered, when meiotic arrest of the oocyte is released, but how this occurs was unknown. Here we show that GLYT1 activity is suppressed in oocytes in the preovulatory antral follicle and that its suppression is mediated by a mechanism distinct from the gap junction-dependent Natriuretic Peptide Precursor C (NPPC) pathway that controls meiotic arrest. GLYT1 remained suppressed in isolated antral follicles but not isolated cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) or isolated oocytes. Moreover, activating the NPPC signalling pathway could not prevent GLYT1 activation in oocytes within COCs despite maintaining meiotic arrest. Furthermore, blocking gap junctions in isolated follicles failed to induce GLYT1 activity in enclosed oocytes for an extended period after meiosis had resumed. Finally, isolated mural granulosa cells from preovulatory antral follicles were sufficient to suppress GLYT1 in oocytes within co-cultured COCs. Together, these results suggest that suppression of GLYT1 activity before ovulation is mediated by a novel signalling pathway likely originating from preovulatory mural granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Richard
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay M Baltz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Xu B, Zhou C, Meredith M, Baltz JM. Acute cell volume regulation by Janus kinase 2-mediated sodium/hydrogen exchange activation develops at the late one-cell stage in mouse preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:542-550. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Glycine increases preimplantation development of mouse oocytes following vitrification at the germinal vesicle stage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37262. [PMID: 27845423 PMCID: PMC5109034 DOI: 10.1038/srep37262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice-free cryopreservation, referred to as vitrification, is receiving increased attention in the human and animal assisted reproduction. However, it introduces the detrimental osmotic stress by adding and removing high contents of cryoprotectants. In this study, we evaluated the effects of normalizing cell volume regulation by adding glycine, an organic osmolyte, during vitrification of mouse germinal vesicle stage oocyte and/or subsequent maturation on its development. The data showed that glycine supplementation in either vitrification/thawing or maturation medium significantly improved the cytoplasmic maturation of MII oocytes manifested by spindle assembly, chromosomal alignment, mitochondrial distribution, euploidy rate, and blastocyst development following fertilization in vitro, compared to the control without glycine treatment. Furthermore, glycine addition during both vitrification/thawing and maturation further enhanced the oocyte quality demonstrated by various markers, including ATP contents and embryo development. Lastly, the effect of anti-apoptosis was also observed when glycine was added during vitrification. Our result suggests that reducing osmotic stress induced by vitrification could improve the development of vitrified mouse oocyte.
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21
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Direct and Osmolarity-Dependent Effects of Glycine on Preimplantation Bovine Embryos. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159581. [PMID: 27459477 PMCID: PMC4961386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of glycine (Gly) in embryo culture media are often lower (~0.1 mM) than those in oviductal or uterine fluids (≥1.2 mM). The objective of this study was to determine direct and osmolarity-dependent effects of physiological concentrations of Gly on blastocyst formation and hatching, cell allocation to the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM), and metabolic activity of bovine embryos. In experiment 1, zygotes were cultured with 100 or 120 mM NaCl and 0 or 1 mM Gly for the first 72 h of culture. Blastocyst formation and hatching were improved (P<0.05) when embryos were cultured with 100 compared to 120 mM NaCl. Inclusion of 1 mM Gly improved (P<0.05) blastocyst formation compared to 0 mM Gly, but this effect was only significant (P<0.05) for embryos cultured with 120 mM NaCl, suggesting bovine embryos can utilize Gly as an osmolyte. In experiment 2, embryos were cultured with 0.1, 1.1, 2.1, or 4.1 mM Gly (100 mM NaCl) for the final 96 h of culture. Blastocyst development was not affected (P>0.05) by Gly, but hatching (0.1 mM Gly, 18.2%) was improved (P<0.05) when embryos were cultured with 1.1 (31.4%) or 2.1 (29.4%) mM Gly. Blastocyst, TE, and ICM cell numbers were not affected (P>0.05) by Gly in either experiment. Blastocysts produced alanine, glutamine, pyruvate, and urea and consumed aspartate, but this metabolic profile was not affected (P>0.05) by Gly. In conclusion, Gly (1.0 mM) improves the development of both early and late stage embryos, but beneficial effects are more pronounced for early embryos exposed to elevated osmolarity.
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Herrick JR, Strauss KJ, Schneiderman A, Rawlins M, Stevens J, Schoolcraft WB, Krisher RL. The beneficial effects of reduced magnesium during the oocyte-to-embryo transition are conserved in mice, domestic cats and humans. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:323-31. [PMID: 24280268 DOI: 10.1071/rd13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cell types Mg2+ can antagonise Ca2+ -stimulated signalling pathways, but information regarding the effects of these ions on IVF and subsequent embryonic development is limited. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of Mg2+ in the IVF medium on embryonic development in mice and then determine if similar effects occurred in domestic cats and humans. Oocytes from hybrid and outbred mice, domestic cats and humans were fertilised (IVF, mice and cats; intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), humans) in the presence of 0.2 or 1.2 (mouse and human) or 1.0 (cat) mM Mg2+ and the resulting embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage. Decreased concentrations of Mg2+ during IVF increased (P<0.05) cleavage of oocytes from outbred mice (77.9 vs. 51.0%), development of embryos from hybrid mice (74.5 vs. 51.0% hatching blastocyst per cleaved embryo) and both cleavage (68.4 vs. 46.8%) and blastocyst development (53.0 vs. 26.2% per cleaved embryo) in cats. Development to the blastocyst stage (52.1 vs. 40.2%) was also improved (P<0.05) when ICSI was performed on human oocytes in the presence of 0.2 mM Mg2+, compared with a commercial culture medium. Sensitivity to increased (1.0 to 1.2 mM) concentrations of Mg2+ in the medium during the oocyte-to-embryo transition appears to be conserved in three different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Herrick
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Kevin J Strauss
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Ann Schneiderman
- Fertility Laboratories of Colorado, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Mary Rawlins
- Fertility Laboratories of Colorado, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - John Stevens
- Fertility Laboratories of Colorado, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - William B Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Rebecca L Krisher
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, 10290 RidgeGate Cr., Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
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Gu L, Liu H, Gu X, Boots C, Moley KH, Wang Q. Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:251-71. [PMID: 25280482 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders are major health issues worldwide. As the epidemic of metabolic disorders continues, the associated medical co-morbidities, including the detrimental impact on reproduction, increase as well. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of maternal nutrition on reproductive outcomes are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by oocyte metabolism. Well-balanced and timed energy metabolism is critical for optimal development of oocytes. To date, much of our understanding of oocyte metabolism comes from the effects of extrinsic nutrients on oocyte maturation. In contrast, intrinsic regulation of oocyte development by metabolic enzymes, intracellular mediators, and transport systems is less characterized. Specifically, decreased acid transport proteins levels, increased glucose/lipid content and elevated reactive oxygen species in oocytes have been implicated in meiotic defects, organelle dysfunction and epigenetic alteration. Therefore, metabolic disturbances in oocytes may contribute to the diminished reproductive potential experienced by women with metabolic disorders. In-depth research is needed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. This review also discusses several approaches for metabolic analysis. Metabolomic profiling of oocytes, the surrounding granulosa cells, and follicular fluid will uncover the metabolic networks regulating oocyte development, potentially leading to the identification of oocyte quality markers and prevention of reproductive disease and poor outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China,
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review the history of experimental embryo culture and how culture media that permitted complete preimplantation development in vitro were first discovered, and the physiological insights gained. METHODS This article reviews the history of in vitro mammalian embryo culture, in particular the efforts that led to the current generation of successful culture media and how these reflect embryo physiology, highlighting the contributions of Dr. John D. Biggers and his colleagues and students. RESULTS The culture of mammalian embryos began about a century ago. However, defined media without biological fluids were only developed in the late 1950s, and the first live young born from cultured embryos, using these media, were produced by McLaren and Biggers in 1958. It wasn’t until the late 1980s, however, that preimplantation mammalian embryos could generally be cultured in vitro from fertilized eggs to blastocysts. These new media led to insights into embryo physiology, including the importance of cell volume homeostasis to early embryo viability. CONCLUSIONS The development of successful preimplantation embryo culture media has had a profound effect on assisted reproduction technologies and on research into early embryo physiology.
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Nishimura T, Yagi R, Usuda M, Oda K, Yamazaki M, Suda S, Takahashi Y, Okazaki F, Sai Y, Higuchi K, Maruyama T, Tomi M, Nakashima E. System A amino acid transporter SNAT2 shows subtype-specific affinity for betaine and hyperosmotic inducibility in placental trophoblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Corbett HE, Dubé CD, Slow S, Lever M, Trasler JM, Baltz JM. Uptake of Betaine into Mouse Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes via the SLC7A6 Isoform of y+L Transporter1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:81. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Seli E, Babayev E, Collins SC, Nemeth G, Horvath TL. Minireview: Metabolism of female reproduction: regulatory mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:790-804. [PMID: 24678733 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Female fertility is highly dependent on successful regulation of energy metabolism. Central processes in the hypothalamus monitor the metabolic state of the organism and, together with metabolic hormones, drive the peripheral availability of energy for cellular functions. In the ovary, the oocyte and neighboring somatic cells of the follicle work in unison to achieve successful metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Metabolic disturbances such as anorexia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes mellitus have clinically important consequences on human reproduction. In this article, we review the metabolic determinants of female reproduction and their role in infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (E.S., E.B., S.C., T.L.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.N., T.L.H.), University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary 6701; Department of Comparative Medicine (T.L.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and the Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Khramtsova EA, Mezhevikina LM, Fesenko EE. A role of trophoblastic cells in regulation of mouse blastocyst survival in vitro after microinjection and osmotic stress. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kryzak CA, Moraine MM, Kyle DD, Lee HJ, Cubeñas-Potts C, Robinson DN, Evans JP. Prophase I mouse oocytes are deficient in the ability to respond to fertilization by decreasing membrane receptivity to sperm and establishing a membrane block to polyspermy. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:44. [PMID: 23863404 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes occurring as the prophase I oocyte matures to metaphase II are critical for the acquisition of competence for normal egg activation and early embryogenesis. A prophase I oocyte cannot respond to a fertilizing sperm as a metaphase II egg does, including the ability to prevent polyspermic fertilization. Studies here demonstrate that the competence for the membrane block to polyspermy is deficient in prophase I mouse oocytes. In vitro fertilization experiments using identical insemination conditions result in monospermy in 87% of zona pellucida (ZP)-free metaphase II eggs, while 92% of ZP-free prophase I oocytes have four or more fused sperm. The membrane block is associated with a postfertilization reduction in the capacity to support sperm binding, but this reduction in sperm-binding capacity is both less robust and slower to develop in fertilized prophase I oocytes. Fertilization of oocytes is dependent on the tetraspanin CD9, but little to no release of CD9 from the oocyte membrane is detected, suggesting that release of CD9-containing vesicles is not essential for fertilization. The deficiency in membrane block establishment in prophase I oocytes correlates with abnormalities in two postfertilization cytoskeletal changes: sperm-induced cortical remodeling that results in fertilization cone formation and a postfertilization increase in effective cortical tension. These data indicate that cortical maturation is a component of cytoplasmic maturation during the oocyte-to-egg transition and that the egg cortex has to be appropriately primed and tuned to be responsive to a fertilizing sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie A Kryzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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