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Angus DC, Derde L, Al-Beidh F, Annane D, Arabi Y, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry L, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, de Jong M, Detry M, Estcourt L, Fitzgerald M, Goossens H, Green C, Haniffa R, Higgins AM, Horvat C, Hullegie SJ, Kruger P, Lamontagne F, Lawler PR, Linstrum K, Litton E, Lorenzi E, Marshall J, McAuley D, McGlothin A, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Parker J, Rowan K, Sanil A, Santos M, Saunders C, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Venkatesh B, Zarychanski R, Berry S, Lewis RJ, McArthur C, Webb SA, Gordon AC, Al-Beidh F, Angus D, Annane D, Arabi Y, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry S, Beane A, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Cheng A, De Jong M, Derde L, Estcourt L, Goossens H, Gordon A, Green C, Haniffa R, Lamontagne F, Lawler P, Litton E, Marshall J, McArthur C, McAuley D, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Rowan K, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Webb S, Zarychanski R, Campbell L, Forbes A, Gattas D, Heritier S, Higgins L, Kruger P, Peake S, Presneill J, Seppelt I, Trapani T, Young P, Bagshaw S, Daneman N, Ferguson N, Misak C, Santos M, Hullegie S, Pletz M, Rohde G, Rowan K, Alexander B, Basile K, Girard T, Horvat C, Huang D, Linstrum K, Vates J, Beasley R, Fowler R, McGloughlin S, Morpeth S, Paterson D, Venkatesh B, Uyeki T, Baillie K, Duffy E, Fowler R, Hills T, Orr K, Patanwala A, Tong S, Netea M, Bihari S, Carrier M, Fergusson D, Goligher E, Haidar G, Hunt B, Kumar A, Laffan M, Lawless P, Lother S, McCallum P, Middeldopr S, McQuilten Z, Neal M, Pasi J, Schutgens R, Stanworth S, Turgeon A, Weissman A, Adhikari N, Anstey M, Brant E, de Man A, Lamonagne F, Masse MH, Udy A, Arnold D, Begin P, Charlewood R, Chasse M, Coyne M, Cooper J, Daly J, Gosbell I, Harvala-Simmonds H, Hills T, MacLennan S, Menon D, McDyer J, Pridee N, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M, Thomas H, Tinmouth A, Triulzi D, Walsh T, Wood E, Calfee C, O’Kane C, Shyamsundar M, Sinha P, Thompson T, Young I, Bihari S, Hodgson C, Laffey J, McAuley D, Orford N, Neto A, Detry M, Fitzgerald M, Lewis R, McGlothlin A, Sanil A, Saunders C, Berry L, Lorenzi E, Miller E, Singh V, Zammit C, van Bentum Puijk W, Bouwman W, Mangindaan Y, Parker L, Peters S, Rietveld I, Raymakers K, Ganpat R, Brillinger N, Markgraf R, Ainscough K, Brickell K, Anjum A, Lane JB, Richards-Belle A, Saull M, Wiley D, Bion J, Connor J, Gates S, Manax V, van der Poll T, Reynolds J, van Beurden M, Effelaar E, Schotsman J, Boyd C, Harland C, Shearer A, Wren J, Clermont G, Garrard W, Kalchthaler K, King A, Ricketts D, Malakoutis S, Marroquin O, Music E, Quinn K, Cate H, Pearson K, Collins J, Hanson J, Williams P, Jackson S, Asghar A, Dyas S, Sutu M, Murphy S, Williamson D, Mguni N, Potter A, Porter D, Goodwin J, Rook C, Harrison S, Williams H, Campbell H, Lomme K, Williamson J, Sheffield J, van’t Hoff W, McCracken P, Young M, Board J, Mart E, Knott C, Smith J, Boschert C, Affleck J, Ramanan M, D’Souza R, Pateman K, Shakih A, Cheung W, Kol M, Wong H, Shah A, Wagh A, Simpson J, Duke G, Chan P, Cartner B, Hunter S, Laver R, Shrestha T, Regli A, Pellicano A, McCullough J, Tallott M, Kumar N, Panwar R, Brinkerhoff G, Koppen C, Cazzola F, Brain M, Mineall S, Fischer R, Biradar V, Soar N, White H, Estensen K, Morrison L, Smith J, Cooper M, Health M, Shehabi Y, Al-Bassam W, Hulley A, Whitehead C, Lowrey J, Gresha R, Walsham J, Meyer J, Harward M, Venz E, Williams P, Kurenda C, Smith K, Smith M, Garcia R, Barge D, Byrne D, Byrne K, Driscoll A, Fortune L, Janin P, Yarad E, Hammond N, Bass F, Ashelford A, Waterson S, Wedd S, McNamara R, Buhr H, Coles J, Schweikert S, Wibrow B, Rauniyar R, Myers E, Fysh E, Dawda A, Mevavala B, Litton E, Ferrier J, Nair P, Buscher H, Reynolds C, Santamaria J, Barbazza L, Homes J, Smith R, Murray L, Brailsford J, Forbes L, Maguire T, Mariappa V, Smith J, Simpson S, Maiden M, Bone A, Horton M, Salerno T, Sterba M, Geng W, Depuydt P, De Waele J, De Bus L, Fierens J, Bracke S, Reeve B, Dechert W, Chassé M, Carrier FM, Boumahni D, Benettaib F, Ghamraoui A, Bellemare D, Cloutier È, Francoeur C, Lamontagne F, D’Aragon F, Carbonneau E, Leblond J, Vazquez-Grande G, Marten N, Wilson M, Albert M, Serri K, Cavayas A, Duplaix M, Williams V, Rochwerg B, Karachi T, Oczkowski S, Centofanti J, Millen T, Duan E, Tsang J, Patterson L, English S, Watpool I, Porteous R, Miezitis S, McIntyre L, Brochard L, Burns K, Sandhu G, Khalid I, Binnie A, Powell E, McMillan A, Luk T, Aref N, Andric Z, Cviljevic S, Đimoti R, Zapalac M, Mirković G, Baršić B, Kutleša M, Kotarski V, Vujaklija Brajković A, Babel J, Sever H, Dragija L, Kušan I, Vaara S, Pettilä L, Heinonen J, Kuitunen A, Karlsson S, Vahtera A, Kiiski H, Ristimäki S, Azaiz A, Charron C, Godement M, Geri G, Vieillard-Baron A, Pourcine F, Monchi M, Luis D, Mercier R, Sagnier A, Verrier N, Caplin C, Siami S, Aparicio C, Vautier S, Jeblaoui A, Fartoukh M, Courtin L, Labbe V, Leparco C, Muller G, Nay MA, Kamel T, Benzekri D, Jacquier S, Mercier E, Chartier D, Salmon C, Dequin P, Schneider F, Morel G, L’Hotellier S, Badie J, Berdaguer FD, Malfroy S, Mezher C, Bourgoin C, Megarbane B, Voicu S, Deye N, Malissin I, Sutterlin L, Guitton C, Darreau C, Landais M, Chudeau N, Robert A, Moine P, Heming N, Maxime V, Bossard I, Nicholier TB, Colin G, Zinzoni V, Maquigneau N, Finn A, Kreß G, Hoff U, Friedrich Hinrichs C, Nee J, Pletz M, Hagel S, Ankert J, Kolanos S, Bloos F, Petros S, Pasieka B, Kunz K, Appelt P, Schütze B, Kluge S, Nierhaus A, Jarczak D, Roedl K, Weismann D, Frey A, Klinikum Neukölln V, Reill L, Distler M, Maselli A, Bélteczki J, Magyar I, Fazekas Á, Kovács S, Szőke V, Szigligeti G, Leszkoven J, Collins D, Breen P, Frohlich S, Whelan R, McNicholas B, Scully M, Casey S, Kernan M, Doran P, O’Dywer M, Smyth M, Hayes L, Hoiting O, Peters M, Rengers E, Evers M, Prinssen A, Bosch Ziekenhuis J, Simons K, Rozendaal W, Polderman F, de Jager P, Moviat M, Paling A, Salet A, Rademaker E, Peters AL, de Jonge E, Wigbers J, Guilder E, Butler M, Cowdrey KA, Newby L, Chen Y, Simmonds C, McConnochie R, Ritzema Carter J, Henderson S, Van Der Heyden K, Mehrtens J, Williams T, Kazemi A, Song R, Lai V, Girijadevi D, Everitt R, Russell R, Hacking D, Buehner U, Williams E, Browne T, Grimwade K, Goodson J, Keet O, Callender O, Martynoga R, Trask K, Butler A, Schischka L, Young C, Lesona E, Olatunji S, Robertson Y, José N, Amaro dos Santos Catorze T, de Lima Pereira TNA, Neves Pessoa LM, Castro Ferreira RM, Pereira Sousa Bastos JM, Aysel Florescu S, Stanciu D, Zaharia MF, Kosa AG, Codreanu D, Marabi Y, Al Qasim E, Moneer Hagazy M, Al Swaidan L, Arishi H, Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Marin-Corral J, Salazar Degracia A, Parrilla Gómez F, Mateo López MI, Rodriguez Fernandez J, Cárcel Fernández S, Carmona Flores R, León López R, de la Fuente Martos C, Allan A, Polgarova P, Farahi N, McWilliam S, Hawcutt D, Rad L, O’Malley L, Whitbread J, Kelsall O, Wild L, Thrush J, Wood H, Austin K, Donnelly A, Kelly M, O’Kane S, McClintock D, Warnock M, Johnston P, Gallagher LJ, Mc Goldrick C, Mc Master M, Strzelecka A, Jha R, Kalogirou M, Ellis C, Krishnamurthy V, Deelchand V, Silversides J, McGuigan P, Ward K, O’Neill A, Finn S, Phillips B, Mullan D, Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa L, Thomas M, Sweet K, Grimmer L, Johnson R, Pinnell J, Robinson M, Gledhill L, Wood T, Morgan M, Cole J, Hill H, Davies M, Antcliffe D, Templeton M, Rojo R, Coghlan P, Smee J, Mackay E, Cort J, Whileman A, Spencer T, Spittle N, Kasipandian V, Patel A, Allibone S, Genetu RM, Ramali M, Ghosh A, Bamford P, London E, Cawley K, Faulkner M, Jeffrey H, Smith T, Brewer C, Gregory J, Limb J, Cowton A, O’Brien J, Nikitas N, Wells C, Lankester L, Pulletz M, Williams P, Birch J, Wiseman S, Horton S, Alegria A, Turki S, Elsefi T, Crisp N, Allen L, McCullagh I, Robinson P, Hays C, Babio-Galan M, Stevenson H, Khare D, Pinder M, Selvamoni S, Gopinath A, Pugh R, Menzies D, Mackay C, Allan E, Davies G, Puxty K, McCue C, Cathcart S, Hickey N, Ireland J, Yusuff H, Isgro G, Brightling C, Bourne M, Craner M, Watters M, Prout R, Davies L, Pegler S, Kyeremeh L, Arbane G, Wilson K, Gomm L, Francia F, Brett S, Sousa Arias S, Elin Hall R, Budd J, Small C, Birch J, Collins E, Henning J, Bonner S, Hugill K, Cirstea E, Wilkinson D, Karlikowski M, Sutherland H, Wilhelmsen E, Woods J, North J, Sundaran D, Hollos L, Coburn S, Walsh J, Turns M, Hopkins P, Smith J, Noble H, Depante MT, Clarey E, Laha S, Verlander M, Williams A, Huckle A, Hall A, Cooke J, Gardiner-Hill C, Maloney C, Qureshi H, Flint N, Nicholson S, Southin S, Nicholson A, Borgatta B, Turner-Bone I, Reddy A, Wilding L, Chamara Warnapura L, Agno Sathianathan R, Golden D, Hart C, Jones J, Bannard-Smith J, Henry J, Birchall K, Pomeroy F, Quayle R, Makowski A, Misztal B, Ahmed I, KyereDiabour T, Naiker K, Stewart R, Mwaura E, Mew L, Wren L, Willams F, Innes R, Doble P, Hutter J, Shovelton C, Plumb B, Szakmany T, Hamlyn V, Hawkins N, Lewis S, Dell A, Gopal S, Ganguly S, Smallwood A, Harris N, Metherell S, Lazaro JM, Newman T, Fletcher S, Nortje J, Fottrell-Gould D, Randell G, Zaman M, Elmahi E, Jones A, Hall K, Mills G, Ryalls K, Bowler H, Sall J, Bourne R, Borrill Z, Duncan T, Lamb T, Shaw J, Fox C, Moreno Cuesta J, Xavier K, Purohit D, Elhassan M, Bakthavatsalam D, Rowland M, Hutton P, Bashyal A, Davidson N, Hird C, Chhablani M, Phalod G, Kirkby A, Archer S, Netherton K, Reschreiter H, Camsooksai J, Patch S, Jenkins S, Pogson D, Rose S, Daly Z, Brimfield L, Claridge H, Parekh D, Bergin C, Bates M, Dasgin J, McGhee C, Sim M, Hay SK, Henderson S, Phull MK, Zaidi A, Pogreban T, Rosaroso LP, Harvey D, Lowe B, Meredith M, Ryan L, Hormis A, Walker R, Collier D, Kimpton S, Oakley S, Rooney K, Rodden N, Hughes E, Thomson N, McGlynn D, Walden A, Jacques N, Coles H, Tilney E, Vowell E, Schuster-Bruce M, Pitts S, Miln R, Purandare L, Vamplew L, Spivey M, Bean S, Burt K, Moore L, Day C, Gibson C, Gordon E, Zitter L, Keenan S, Baker E, Cherian S, Cutler S, Roynon-Reed A, Harrington K, Raithatha A, Bauchmuller K, Ahmad N, Grecu I, Trodd D, Martin J, Wrey Brown C, Arias AM, Craven T, Hope D, Singleton J, Clark S, Rae N, Welters I, Hamilton DO, Williams K, Waugh V, Shaw D, Puthucheary Z, Martin T, Santos F, Uddin R, Somerville A, Tatham KC, Jhanji S, Black E, Dela Rosa A, Howle R, Tully R, Drummond A, Dearden J, Philbin J, Munt S, Vuylsteke A, Chan C, Victor S, Matsa R, Gellamucho M, Creagh-Brown B, Tooley J, Montague L, De Beaux F, Bullman L, Kersiake I, Demetriou C, Mitchard S, Ramos L, White K, Donnison P, Johns M, Casey R, Mattocks L, Salisbury S, Dark P, Claxton A, McLachlan D, Slevin K, Lee S, Hulme J, Joseph S, Kinney F, Senya HJ, Oborska A, Kayani A, Hadebe B, Orath Prabakaran R, Nichols L, Thomas M, Worner R, Faulkner B, Gendall E, Hayes K, Hamilton-Davies C, Chan C, Mfuko C, Abbass H, Mandadapu V, Leaver S, Forton D, Patel K, Paramasivam E, Powell M, Gould R, Wilby E, Howcroft C, Banach D, Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz Z, Cabreros L, White I, Croft M, Holland N, Pereira R, Zaki A, Johnson D, Jackson M, Garrard H, Juhaz V, Roy A, Rostron A, Woods L, Cornell S, Pillai S, Harford R, Rees T, Ivatt H, Sundara Raman A, Davey M, Lee K, Barber R, Chablani M, Brohi F, Jagannathan V, Clark M, Purvis S, Wetherill B, Dushianthan A, Cusack R, de Courcy-Golder K, Smith S, Jackson S, Attwood B, Parsons P, Page V, Zhao XB, Oza D, Rhodes J, Anderson T, Morris S, Xia Le Tai C, Thomas A, Keen A, Digby S, Cowley N, Wild L, Southern D, Reddy H, Campbell A, Watkins C, Smuts S, Touma O, Barnes N, Alexander P, Felton T, Ferguson S, Sellers K, Bradley-Potts J, Yates D, Birkinshaw I, Kell K, Marshall N, Carr-Knott L, Summers C. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020. [PMID: 32876697 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1702221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. INTERVENTIONS The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). RESULTS After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Angus
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lennie Derde
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Al-Beidh
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djillali Annane
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, University of Versailles, Versailles, France
- University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abigail Beane
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wilma van Bentum-Puijk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zahra Bhimani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bradbury
- Bristol Royal Informatory, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brunkhorst
- Center for Clinical Studies and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith Buxton
- Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Buzgau
- Helix, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lise Estcourt
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cameron Green
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rashan Haniffa
- Network for Improving Critical Care Systems and Training, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa M Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Horvat
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sebastiaan J Hullegie
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kruger
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Patrick R Lawler
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Linstrum
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Litton
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - John Marshall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shay McGuinness
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bryan McVerry
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Montgomery
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Mouncey
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachael Parke
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Parker
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Rowan
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marlene Santos
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Seymour
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Turner
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Frank van de Veerdonk
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- Southside Clinical Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care and Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Roger J Lewis
- Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Colin McArthur
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Webb
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony C Gordon
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Angus DC, Derde L, Al-Beidh F, Annane D, Arabi Y, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry L, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, de Jong M, Detry M, Estcourt L, Fitzgerald M, Goossens H, Green C, Haniffa R, Higgins AM, Horvat C, Hullegie SJ, Kruger P, Lamontagne F, Lawler PR, Linstrum K, Litton E, Lorenzi E, Marshall J, McAuley D, McGlothin A, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Parker J, Rowan K, Sanil A, Santos M, Saunders C, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Venkatesh B, Zarychanski R, Berry S, Lewis RJ, McArthur C, Webb SA, Gordon AC, Al-Beidh F, Angus D, Annane D, Arabi Y, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry S, Beane A, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Cheng A, De Jong M, Derde L, Estcourt L, Goossens H, Gordon A, Green C, Haniffa R, Lamontagne F, Lawler P, Litton E, Marshall J, McArthur C, McAuley D, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Rowan K, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Webb S, Zarychanski R, Campbell L, Forbes A, Gattas D, Heritier S, Higgins L, Kruger P, Peake S, Presneill J, Seppelt I, Trapani T, Young P, Bagshaw S, Daneman N, Ferguson N, Misak C, Santos M, Hullegie S, Pletz M, Rohde G, Rowan K, Alexander B, Basile K, Girard T, Horvat C, Huang D, Linstrum K, Vates J, Beasley R, Fowler R, McGloughlin S, Morpeth S, Paterson D, Venkatesh B, Uyeki T, Baillie K, Duffy E, Fowler R, Hills T, Orr K, Patanwala A, Tong S, Netea M, Bihari S, Carrier M, Fergusson D, Goligher E, Haidar G, Hunt B, Kumar A, Laffan M, Lawless P, Lother S, McCallum P, Middeldopr S, McQuilten Z, Neal M, Pasi J, Schutgens R, Stanworth S, Turgeon A, Weissman A, Adhikari N, Anstey M, Brant E, de Man A, Lamonagne F, Masse MH, Udy A, Arnold D, Begin P, Charlewood R, Chasse M, Coyne M, Cooper J, Daly J, Gosbell I, Harvala-Simmonds H, Hills T, MacLennan S, Menon D, McDyer J, Pridee N, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M, Thomas H, Tinmouth A, Triulzi D, Walsh T, Wood E, Calfee C, O’Kane C, Shyamsundar M, Sinha P, Thompson T, Young I, Bihari S, Hodgson C, Laffey J, McAuley D, Orford N, Neto A, Detry M, Fitzgerald M, Lewis R, McGlothlin A, Sanil A, Saunders C, Berry L, Lorenzi E, Miller E, Singh V, Zammit C, van Bentum Puijk W, Bouwman W, Mangindaan Y, Parker L, Peters S, Rietveld I, Raymakers K, Ganpat R, Brillinger N, Markgraf R, Ainscough K, Brickell K, Anjum A, Lane JB, Richards-Belle A, Saull M, Wiley D, Bion J, Connor J, Gates S, Manax V, van der Poll T, Reynolds J, van Beurden M, Effelaar E, Schotsman J, Boyd C, Harland C, Shearer A, Wren J, Clermont G, Garrard W, Kalchthaler K, King A, Ricketts D, Malakoutis S, Marroquin O, Music E, Quinn K, Cate H, Pearson K, Collins J, Hanson J, Williams P, Jackson S, Asghar A, Dyas S, Sutu M, Murphy S, Williamson D, Mguni N, Potter A, Porter D, Goodwin J, Rook C, Harrison S, Williams H, Campbell H, Lomme K, Williamson J, Sheffield J, van’t Hoff W, McCracken P, Young M, Board J, Mart E, Knott C, Smith J, Boschert C, Affleck J, Ramanan M, D’Souza R, Pateman K, Shakih A, Cheung W, Kol M, Wong H, Shah A, Wagh A, Simpson J, Duke G, Chan P, Cartner B, Hunter S, Laver R, Shrestha T, Regli A, Pellicano A, McCullough J, Tallott M, Kumar N, Panwar R, Brinkerhoff G, Koppen C, Cazzola F, Brain M, Mineall S, Fischer R, Biradar V, Soar N, White H, Estensen K, Morrison L, Smith J, Cooper M, Health M, Shehabi Y, Al-Bassam W, Hulley A, Whitehead C, Lowrey J, Gresha R, Walsham J, Meyer J, Harward M, Venz E, Williams P, Kurenda C, Smith K, Smith M, Garcia R, Barge D, Byrne D, Byrne K, Driscoll A, Fortune L, Janin P, Yarad E, Hammond N, Bass F, Ashelford A, Waterson S, Wedd S, McNamara R, Buhr H, Coles J, Schweikert S, Wibrow B, Rauniyar R, Myers E, Fysh E, Dawda A, Mevavala B, Litton E, Ferrier J, Nair P, Buscher H, Reynolds C, Santamaria J, Barbazza L, Homes J, Smith R, Murray L, Brailsford J, Forbes L, Maguire T, Mariappa V, Smith J, Simpson S, Maiden M, Bone A, Horton M, Salerno T, Sterba M, Geng W, Depuydt P, De Waele J, De Bus L, Fierens J, Bracke S, Reeve B, Dechert W, Chassé M, Carrier FM, Boumahni D, Benettaib F, Ghamraoui A, Bellemare D, Cloutier È, Francoeur C, Lamontagne F, D’Aragon F, Carbonneau E, Leblond J, Vazquez-Grande G, Marten N, Wilson M, Albert M, Serri K, Cavayas A, Duplaix M, Williams V, Rochwerg B, Karachi T, Oczkowski S, Centofanti J, Millen T, Duan E, Tsang J, Patterson L, English S, Watpool I, Porteous R, Miezitis S, McIntyre L, Brochard L, Burns K, Sandhu G, Khalid I, Binnie A, Powell E, McMillan A, Luk T, Aref N, Andric Z, Cviljevic S, Đimoti R, Zapalac M, Mirković G, Baršić B, Kutleša M, Kotarski V, Vujaklija Brajković A, Babel J, Sever H, Dragija L, Kušan I, Vaara S, Pettilä L, Heinonen J, Kuitunen A, Karlsson S, Vahtera A, Kiiski H, Ristimäki S, Azaiz A, Charron C, Godement M, Geri G, Vieillard-Baron A, Pourcine F, Monchi M, Luis D, Mercier R, Sagnier A, Verrier N, Caplin C, Siami S, Aparicio C, Vautier S, Jeblaoui A, Fartoukh M, Courtin L, Labbe V, Leparco C, Muller G, Nay MA, Kamel T, Benzekri D, Jacquier S, Mercier E, Chartier D, Salmon C, Dequin P, Schneider F, Morel G, L’Hotellier S, Badie J, Berdaguer FD, Malfroy S, Mezher C, Bourgoin C, Megarbane B, Voicu S, Deye N, Malissin I, Sutterlin L, Guitton C, Darreau C, Landais M, Chudeau N, Robert A, Moine P, Heming N, Maxime V, Bossard I, Nicholier TB, Colin G, Zinzoni V, Maquigneau N, Finn A, Kreß G, Hoff U, Friedrich Hinrichs C, Nee J, Pletz M, Hagel S, Ankert J, Kolanos S, Bloos F, Petros S, Pasieka B, Kunz K, Appelt P, Schütze B, Kluge S, Nierhaus A, Jarczak D, Roedl K, Weismann D, Frey A, Klinikum Neukölln V, Reill L, Distler M, Maselli A, Bélteczki J, Magyar I, Fazekas Á, Kovács S, Szőke V, Szigligeti G, Leszkoven J, Collins D, Breen P, Frohlich S, Whelan R, McNicholas B, Scully M, Casey S, Kernan M, Doran P, O’Dywer M, Smyth M, Hayes L, Hoiting O, Peters M, Rengers E, Evers M, Prinssen A, Bosch Ziekenhuis J, Simons K, Rozendaal W, Polderman F, de Jager P, Moviat M, Paling A, Salet A, Rademaker E, Peters AL, de Jonge E, Wigbers J, Guilder E, Butler M, Cowdrey KA, Newby L, Chen Y, Simmonds C, McConnochie R, Ritzema Carter J, Henderson S, Van Der Heyden K, Mehrtens J, Williams T, Kazemi A, Song R, Lai V, Girijadevi D, Everitt R, Russell R, Hacking D, Buehner U, Williams E, Browne T, Grimwade K, Goodson J, Keet O, Callender O, Martynoga R, Trask K, Butler A, Schischka L, Young C, Lesona E, Olatunji S, Robertson Y, José N, Amaro dos Santos Catorze T, de Lima Pereira TNA, Neves Pessoa LM, Castro Ferreira RM, Pereira Sousa Bastos JM, Aysel Florescu S, Stanciu D, Zaharia MF, Kosa AG, Codreanu D, Marabi Y, Al Qasim E, Moneer Hagazy M, Al Swaidan L, Arishi H, Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Marin-Corral J, Salazar Degracia A, Parrilla Gómez F, Mateo López MI, Rodriguez Fernandez J, Cárcel Fernández S, Carmona Flores R, León López R, de la Fuente Martos C, Allan A, Polgarova P, Farahi N, McWilliam S, Hawcutt D, Rad L, O’Malley L, Whitbread J, Kelsall O, Wild L, Thrush J, Wood H, Austin K, Donnelly A, Kelly M, O’Kane S, McClintock D, Warnock M, Johnston P, Gallagher LJ, Mc Goldrick C, Mc Master M, Strzelecka A, Jha R, Kalogirou M, Ellis C, Krishnamurthy V, Deelchand V, Silversides J, McGuigan P, Ward K, O’Neill A, Finn S, Phillips B, Mullan D, Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa L, Thomas M, Sweet K, Grimmer L, Johnson R, Pinnell J, Robinson M, Gledhill L, Wood T, Morgan M, Cole J, Hill H, Davies M, Antcliffe D, Templeton M, Rojo R, Coghlan P, Smee J, Mackay E, Cort J, Whileman A, Spencer T, Spittle N, Kasipandian V, Patel A, Allibone S, Genetu RM, Ramali M, Ghosh A, Bamford P, London E, Cawley K, Faulkner M, Jeffrey H, Smith T, Brewer C, Gregory J, Limb J, Cowton A, O’Brien J, Nikitas N, Wells C, Lankester L, Pulletz M, Williams P, Birch J, Wiseman S, Horton S, Alegria A, Turki S, Elsefi T, Crisp N, Allen L, McCullagh I, Robinson P, Hays C, Babio-Galan M, Stevenson H, Khare D, Pinder M, Selvamoni S, Gopinath A, Pugh R, Menzies D, Mackay C, Allan E, Davies G, Puxty K, McCue C, Cathcart S, Hickey N, Ireland J, Yusuff H, Isgro G, Brightling C, Bourne M, Craner M, Watters M, Prout R, Davies L, Pegler S, Kyeremeh L, Arbane G, Wilson K, Gomm L, Francia F, Brett S, Sousa Arias S, Elin Hall R, Budd J, Small C, Birch J, Collins E, Henning J, Bonner S, Hugill K, Cirstea E, Wilkinson D, Karlikowski M, Sutherland H, Wilhelmsen E, Woods J, North J, Sundaran D, Hollos L, Coburn S, Walsh J, Turns M, Hopkins P, Smith J, Noble H, Depante MT, Clarey E, Laha S, Verlander M, Williams A, Huckle A, Hall A, Cooke J, Gardiner-Hill C, Maloney C, Qureshi H, Flint N, Nicholson S, Southin S, Nicholson A, Borgatta B, Turner-Bone I, Reddy A, Wilding L, Chamara Warnapura L, Agno Sathianathan R, Golden D, Hart C, Jones J, Bannard-Smith J, Henry J, Birchall K, Pomeroy F, Quayle R, Makowski A, Misztal B, Ahmed I, KyereDiabour T, Naiker K, Stewart R, Mwaura E, Mew L, Wren L, Willams F, Innes R, Doble P, Hutter J, Shovelton C, Plumb B, Szakmany T, Hamlyn V, Hawkins N, Lewis S, Dell A, Gopal S, Ganguly S, Smallwood A, Harris N, Metherell S, Lazaro JM, Newman T, Fletcher S, Nortje J, Fottrell-Gould D, Randell G, Zaman M, Elmahi E, Jones A, Hall K, Mills G, Ryalls K, Bowler H, Sall J, Bourne R, Borrill Z, Duncan T, Lamb T, Shaw J, Fox C, Moreno Cuesta J, Xavier K, Purohit D, Elhassan M, Bakthavatsalam D, Rowland M, Hutton P, Bashyal A, Davidson N, Hird C, Chhablani M, Phalod G, Kirkby A, Archer S, Netherton K, Reschreiter H, Camsooksai J, Patch S, Jenkins S, Pogson D, Rose S, Daly Z, Brimfield L, Claridge H, Parekh D, Bergin C, Bates M, Dasgin J, McGhee C, Sim M, Hay SK, Henderson S, Phull MK, Zaidi A, Pogreban T, Rosaroso LP, Harvey D, Lowe B, Meredith M, Ryan L, Hormis A, Walker R, Collier D, Kimpton S, Oakley S, Rooney K, Rodden N, Hughes E, Thomson N, McGlynn D, Walden A, Jacques N, Coles H, Tilney E, Vowell E, Schuster-Bruce M, Pitts S, Miln R, Purandare L, Vamplew L, Spivey M, Bean S, Burt K, Moore L, Day C, Gibson C, Gordon E, Zitter L, Keenan S, Baker E, Cherian S, Cutler S, Roynon-Reed A, Harrington K, Raithatha A, Bauchmuller K, Ahmad N, Grecu I, Trodd D, Martin J, Wrey Brown C, Arias AM, Craven T, Hope D, Singleton J, Clark S, Rae N, Welters I, Hamilton DO, Williams K, Waugh V, Shaw D, Puthucheary Z, Martin T, Santos F, Uddin R, Somerville A, Tatham KC, Jhanji S, Black E, Dela Rosa A, Howle R, Tully R, Drummond A, Dearden J, Philbin J, Munt S, Vuylsteke A, Chan C, Victor S, Matsa R, Gellamucho M, Creagh-Brown B, Tooley J, Montague L, De Beaux F, Bullman L, Kersiake I, Demetriou C, Mitchard S, Ramos L, White K, Donnison P, Johns M, Casey R, Mattocks L, Salisbury S, Dark P, Claxton A, McLachlan D, Slevin K, Lee S, Hulme J, Joseph S, Kinney F, Senya HJ, Oborska A, Kayani A, Hadebe B, Orath Prabakaran R, Nichols L, Thomas M, Worner R, Faulkner B, Gendall E, Hayes K, Hamilton-Davies C, Chan C, Mfuko C, Abbass H, Mandadapu V, Leaver S, Forton D, Patel K, Paramasivam E, Powell M, Gould R, Wilby E, Howcroft C, Banach D, Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz Z, Cabreros L, White I, Croft M, Holland N, Pereira R, Zaki A, Johnson D, Jackson M, Garrard H, Juhaz V, Roy A, Rostron A, Woods L, Cornell S, Pillai S, Harford R, Rees T, Ivatt H, Sundara Raman A, Davey M, Lee K, Barber R, Chablani M, Brohi F, Jagannathan V, Clark M, Purvis S, Wetherill B, Dushianthan A, Cusack R, de Courcy-Golder K, Smith S, Jackson S, Attwood B, Parsons P, Page V, Zhao XB, Oza D, Rhodes J, Anderson T, Morris S, Xia Le Tai C, Thomas A, Keen A, Digby S, Cowley N, Wild L, Southern D, Reddy H, Campbell A, Watkins C, Smuts S, Touma O, Barnes N, Alexander P, Felton T, Ferguson S, Sellers K, Bradley-Potts J, Yates D, Birkinshaw I, Kell K, Marshall N, Carr-Knott L, Summers C. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 324:1317-1329. [PMID: 32876697 PMCID: PMC7489418 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. INTERVENTIONS The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). RESULTS After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Angus
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lennie Derde
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Al-Beidh
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djillali Annane
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, University of Versailles, Versailles, France
- University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abigail Beane
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wilma van Bentum-Puijk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zahra Bhimani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bradbury
- Bristol Royal Informatory, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brunkhorst
- Center for Clinical Studies and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith Buxton
- Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Buzgau
- Helix, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lise Estcourt
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cameron Green
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rashan Haniffa
- Network for Improving Critical Care Systems and Training, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa M Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Horvat
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sebastiaan J Hullegie
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kruger
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Patrick R Lawler
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Linstrum
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Litton
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - John Marshall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shay McGuinness
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bryan McVerry
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Montgomery
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Mouncey
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachael Parke
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Parker
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Rowan
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marlene Santos
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Seymour
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Turner
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Frank van de Veerdonk
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- Southside Clinical Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care and Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Roger J Lewis
- Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Colin McArthur
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Webb
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony C Gordon
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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McClatchie T, Meredith M, Ouédraogo MO, Slow S, Lever M, Mann MR, Zeisel SH, Trasler JM, Baltz JM. Correction: Betaine is accumulated via transient choline dehydrogenase activation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10868. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac120.015069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Middeldorp ME, Pathak RK, Meredith M, Mehta AB, Elliott AD, Mahajan R, Twomey D, Gallagher C, Hendriks JML, Linz D, McEvoy RD, Abhayaratna WP, Kalman JM, Lau DH, Sanders P. PREVEntion and regReSsive Effect of weight-loss and risk factor modification on Atrial Fibrillation: the REVERSE-AF study. Europace 2019; 20:1929-1935. [PMID: 29912366 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive disease. Obesity is associated with progression of AF. This study evaluates the impact of weight and risk factor management (RFM) on progression of the AF. Methods and results As described in the Long-Term Effect of Goal-Directed Weight Management in an Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: A Long-Term Follow-Up (LEGACY) Study, of 1415 consecutive AF patients, 825 had body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2 and were offered weight and RFM. After exclusion, 355 were included for analysis. Weight loss was categorized as: Group 1 (<3%), Group 2 (3-9%), and Group 3 (≥10%). Change in AF type was determined by clinical review and 7-day Holter yearly. Atrial fibrillation type was categorized as per the Heart Rhythm Society consensus. There were no differences in baseline characteristic or follow-up duration between groups (P = NS). In Group 1, 41% progressed from paroxysmal to persistent and 26% from persistent to paroxysmal or no AF. In Group 2, 32% progressed from paroxysmal to persistent and 49% reversed from persistent to paroxysmal or no AF. In Group 3, 3% progressed to persistent and 88% reversed from persistent to paroxysmal or no AF (P < 0.001). Increased weight loss was significantly associated with greater AF freedom: 45 (39%) in Group 1, 69 (67%) in Group 2, and 116 (86%) in Group 3 (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Obesity is associated with progression of the AF disease. This study demonstrates the dynamic relationship between weight/risk factors and AF. Weight-loss management and RFM reverses the type and natural progression of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Middeldorp
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Pathak
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Megan Meredith
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abhinav B Mehta
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Applied Statistics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Adrian D Elliott
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Darragh Twomey
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Celine Gallagher
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeroen M L Hendriks
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dominik Linz
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Doug McEvoy
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University and Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University and Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Moffat C, Meredith M. Shelf-ocean exchange and hydrography west of the Antarctic Peninsula: a review. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0164. [PMID: 29760109 PMCID: PMC5954465 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a highly productive marine ecosystem where extended periods of change have been observed in the form of glacier retreat, reduction of sea-ice cover and shifts in marine populations, among others. The physical environment on the shelf is known to be strongly influenced by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current flowing along the shelf slope and carrying warm, nutrient-rich water, by cold waters flooding into the northern Bransfield Strait from the Weddell Sea, by an extensive network of glaciers and ice shelves, and by strong seasonal to inter-annual variability in sea-ice formation and air-sea interactions, with significant modulation by climate modes like El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode. However, significant gaps have remained in understanding the exchange processes between the open ocean and the shelf, the pathways and fate of oceanic water intrusions, the shelf heat and salt budgets, and the long-term evolution of the shelf properties and circulation. Here, we review how recent advances in long-term monitoring programmes, process studies and newly developed numerical models have helped bridge these gaps and set future research challenges for the WAP system.This article is part of the theme issue 'The marine system of the West Antarctic Peninsula: status and strategy for progress in a region of rapid change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moffat
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - M Meredith
- British Antarctic Survey High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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McClatchie T, Meredith M, Ouédraogo MO, Slow S, Lever M, Mann MRW, Zeisel SH, Trasler JM, Baltz JM. Betaine is accumulated via transient choline dehydrogenase activation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13784-13794. [PMID: 28663368 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) plays key roles in mouse eggs and preimplantation embryos first in a novel mechanism of cell volume regulation and second as a major methyl donor in blastocysts, but its origin is unknown. Here, we determined that endogenous betaine was present at low levels in germinal vesicle (GV) stage mouse oocytes before ovulation and reached high levels in the mature, ovulated egg. However, no betaine transport into oocytes was detected during meiotic maturation. Because betaine can be synthesized in mammalian cells via choline dehydrogenase (CHDH; EC 1.1.99.1), we assessed whether this enzyme was expressed and active. Chdh transcripts and CHDH protein were expressed in oocytes. No CHDH enzyme activity was detected in GV oocyte lysate, but CHDH became highly active during oocyte meiotic maturation. It was again inactive after fertilization. We then determined whether oocytes synthesized betaine and whether CHDH was required. Isolated maturing oocytes autonomously synthesized betaine in vitro in the presence of choline, whereas this failed to occur in Chdh-/- oocytes, directly demonstrating a requirement for CHDH for betaine accumulation in oocytes. Overall, betaine accumulation is a previously unsuspected physiological process during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation whose underlying mechanism is the transient activation of CHDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor McClatchie
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Megan Meredith
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mariame O Ouédraogo
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sandy Slow
- the Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Michael Lever
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Mellissa R W Mann
- the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- the Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jacquetta M Trasler
- the Montréal Children's Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada, and.,the Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jay M Baltz
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada, .,the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Xu B, Zhou C, Meredith M, Baltz JM. Acute cell volume regulation by Janus kinase 2-mediated sodium/hydrogen exchange activation develops at the late one-cell stage in mouse preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:542-550. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Meredith M. Book Review: Music for Mentally Handicapped People. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030802268304601220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Principal, Extended Education Unit, C M Campbell, Course Tutor, Teaching the Handicapped in Further Education, Oxford College of Further Education
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Meredith M, MacNeil AH, Trasler JM, Baltz JM. Growing Mouse Oocytes Transiently Activate Folate Transport via Folate Receptors As They Approach Full Size. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:125. [PMID: 27122634 PMCID: PMC4946804 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The folate cycle is central to cellular one-carbon metabolism, where folates are carriers of one-carbon units that are critical for synthesis of purines, thymidylate, and S-adenosylmethionine, the universal methyl donor that forms the cellular methyl pool. Although folates are well-known to be important for early embryo and fetal development, their role in oogenesis has not been clearly established. Here, folate transport proteins were detected in developing neonatal ovaries and growing oocytes by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The folate receptors FOLR1 and FOLR2 as well as reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1, SLC19A1 protein) each appeared to be present in follicular cells including granulosa cells. In growing oocytes, however, only FOLR2 immunoreactivity appeared abundant. Localization of apparent FOLR2 immunofluorescence near the plasma membrane increased with oocyte growth and peaked in oocytes as they neared full size. We assessed folate transport using the model folate leucovorin (folinic acid). Unexpectedly, there was a transient burst of folate transport activity for a brief period during oocyte growth as they neared full size, while folate transport was otherwise undetectable for the rest of oogenesis and in fully grown germinal vesicle stage oocytes. This folate transport was inhibited by dynasore, an inhibitor of endocytosis, but insensitive to the anion transport inhibitor stilbene 4-acetamido-40-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2,20-disulfonic acid, consistent with folate receptor-mediated transport but not with RFC1-mediated transport. Thus, near the end of their growth, growing oocytes may take up folates that could support the final stage of oogenesis or be stored to provide the endogenous folates needed in early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Meredith
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jacquetta M Trasler
- Montréal Children's Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jay M Baltz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Pathak RK, Elliott A, Middeldorp ME, Meredith M, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Hendriks JML, Twomey D, Kalman JM, Abhayaratna WP, Lau DH, Sanders P. Impact of CARDIOrespiratory FITness on Arrhythmia Recurrence in Obese Individuals With Atrial Fibrillation: The CARDIO-FIT Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:985-96. [PMID: 26113406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity begets atrial fibrillation (AF). Although cardiorespiratory fitness is protective against incident AF in obese individuals, its effect on AF recurrence or the benefit of cardiorespiratory fitness gain is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the role of cardiorespiratory fitness and the incremental benefit of cardiorespiratory fitness improvement on rhythm control in obese individuals with AF. METHODS Of 1,415 consecutive patients with AF, 825 had a body mass index ≥27 kg/m(2) and were offered risk factor management and participation in a tailored exercise program. After exclusions, 308 patients were included in the analysis. Patients underwent exercise stress testing to determine peak metabolic equivalents (METs). To determine a dose response, cardiorespiratory fitness was categorized as: low (<85%), adequate (86% to 100%), and high (>100%). Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness gain was ascertained by the objective gain in fitness at final follow-up (≥2 METs vs. <2 METs). AF rhythm control was determined using 7-day Holter monitoring and AF severity scale questionnaire. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics or follow-up duration between the groups defined by cardiorespiratory fitness. Arrhythmia-free survival with and without rhythm control strategies was greatest in patients with high cardiorespiratory fitness compared to adequate or low cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001 for both). AF burden and symptom severity decreased significantly in the group with cardiorespiratory fitness gain ≥2 METs as compared to <2 METs group (p < 0.001 for all). Arrhythmia-free survival with and without rhythm control strategies was greatest in those with METs gain ≥2 compared to those with METs gain <2 in cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts arrhythmia recurrence in obese individuals with symptomatic AF. Improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness augments the beneficial effects of weight loss. (Evaluating the Impact of a Weight Loss on the Burden of Atrial Fibrillation [AF] in Obese Patients; ACTRN12614001123639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Pathak
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian Elliott
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa E Middeldorp
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Megan Meredith
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abhinav B Mehta
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Applied Statistics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeroen M L Hendriks
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Darragh Twomey
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University and Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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Pathak R, Nelson A, Meredith M, Carbone A, Mehta A, Teo K, Williams K, Mahajan R, Twomey D, Lau D, Abhayaratna W, Sanders P. Effect of weight loss and risk factor management on pericardial fat and cardiac structure in-patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pathak R, Middeldorp M, Meredith M, Stolcman S, Willoughby S, Mahajan R, Twomey D, Roberts-Thomson K, Lau D, Abhayaratna W, Sanders P. Aggressive Risk factor REduction STudy: implications for the substrate for Atrial Fibrillation (ARREST-AF Substrate Study). Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abramo T, Schnieder B, Storm E, Hobart-Porter N, Hu Z, Todd N, Crawley L, Meredith M, Godbold S. Cerebral oximetry monitoring in pediatric seizure patients in the emergency department. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4472791 DOI: 10.1186/cc14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Lieberwirth C, Jia X, Curtis JT, Meredith M, Wang ZX. Chemosensory cues affect amygdaloid neurogenesis and alter behaviors in the socially monogamous prairie vole. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1632-41. [PMID: 24641515 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of pheromonal exposure on adult neurogenesis and revealed the role of the olfactory pathways on adult neurogenesis and behavior in the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Subjects were injected with a cell proliferation marker [5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)] and then exposed to their own soiled bedding or bedding soiled by a same- or opposite-sex conspecific. Exposure to opposite-sex bedding increased BrdU labeling in the amygdala (AMY), but not the dentate gyrus (DG), of female, but not male, voles, indicating a sex-, stimulus-, and brain region-specific effect. The removal of the main olfactory bulbs or lesioning of the vomeronasal organ (VNOX) in females reduced BrdU labeling in the AMY and DG, and inhibited the male bedding-induced BrdU labeling in the AMY, revealing the importance of an intact olfactory pathway for amygdaloid neurogenesis. VNOX increased anxiety-like behavior and altered social preference, but it did not affect social recognition memory in female voles. VNOX also reduced the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells that co-expressed the neuronal marker TuJ1 in the AMY, but not the DG. Together, our data indicate the importance of the olfactory pathway in mediating brain plasticity in the limbic system as well as its role in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Kane I, Abramo T, Crossman K, Meredith M, Estrada C, Chandrasekhar R, Wang W. Cerebral SO 2 Monitoring in Pediatric Altered Mental Status Patients. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meredith M. The challenges of using research to make community rugby league safer. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Orr R, O’Connor H, Meredith M. Injury surveillance in Rugby League junior development competitions. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Leow AD, Zhu S, Zhan L, McMahon K, de Zubicaray GI, Meredith M, Wright MJ, Toga AW, Thompson PM. The tensor distribution function. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61:205-14. [PMID: 19097208 PMCID: PMC2770429 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool that can be employed to study white matter microstructure by examining the 3D displacement profile of water molecules in brain tissue. By applying diffusion-sensitized gradients along a minimum of six directions, second-order tensors (represented by three-by-three positive definite matrices) can be computed to model dominant diffusion processes. However, conventional DTI is not sufficient to resolve more complicated white matter configurations, e.g., crossing fiber tracts. Recently, a number of high-angular resolution schemes with more than six gradient directions have been employed to address this issue. In this article, we introduce the tensor distribution function (TDF), a probability function defined on the space of symmetric positive definite matrices. Using the calculus of variations, we solve the TDF that optimally describes the observed data. Here, fiber crossing is modeled as an ensemble of Gaussian diffusion processes with weights specified by the TDF. Once this optimal TDF is determined, the orientation distribution function (ODF) can easily be computed by analytic integration of the resulting displacement probability function. Moreover, a tensor orientation distribution function (TOD) may also be derived from the TDF, allowing for the estimation of principal fiber directions and their corresponding eigenvalues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Leow
- Neuropsychiatric Hospital and LONI (Laboratory of NeuroImaging), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Biuw M, Boehme L, Guinet C, Hindell M, Costa D, Charrassin JB, Roquet F, Bailleul F, Meredith M, Thorpe S, Tremblay Y, McDonald B, Park YH, Rintoul SR, Bindoff N, Goebel M, Crocker D, Lovell P, Nicholson J, Monks F, Fedak MA. Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13705-10. [PMID: 17693555 PMCID: PMC1959446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biuw
- Natural Environment Research Council Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, United Kingdom.
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Bates R, Hunter J, Meredith M, Nichols MH, King WD, Monroe KW. 282 HELMET USE DOCUMENTATION PRE- AND POSTINJURY DOCUMENTATION SHEET. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0008.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Connor M, Rheeder P, Bryer A, Meredith M, Beukes M, Dubb A, Fritz V. The South African stroke risk in general practice study. S Afr Med J 2005; 95:334-9. [PMID: 15931448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of stroke is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and stroke prevention is an essential component of successful stroke management. General practitioners (GPs) are well placed to manage stroke risk factors. To design appropriate strategies for risk factor reduction we need to know the risk factor prevalence in each of the population groups attending GPs. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of stroke risk factors in the South African general practice population. METHOD We conducted a multicentre, observational study of patients attending general practice in South Africa. Two hundred general practices were randomly selected from lists provided by pharmaceutical representatives. Each GP approached 50 consecutive patients aged 30 years and older. Patients completed an information sheet and the GP documented the patient's risk factors. The resulting sample is relevant if not necessarily representative in a statistical sense. RESULTS A total of 9 731 questionnaires were returned out of a possible 10,000. The mean age of particpants was 50.7 years. Seventy-six per cent had 1 or more risk factors and 40% had 2 or more risk factors. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor in all population groups (55%) but was highest in black patients (59%). Dyslipidaemia was commonest in whites (37%) and least common in blacks (5%). Diabetes was commonest in Asians (24%) but least common in whites (8%). Risk factors other than smoking increased with age. CONCLUSION This study provides unique data on the prevalence of stroke risk factors in a South African general practice population. Risk factors are common in all population groups, but differ in distribution among the groups. There is considerable opportunity to reduce the burden of stroke in South Africa through GP screening for and treatment of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Connor
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Meredith M, Monroe K, King WD. 55 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BICYCLE INJURIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN JEFFERSON COUNTY REQUIRING ADMISSION TO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Helstad CP, Meredith M. The State Medical Society of Wisconsin Medical Outcomes Research Project Diabetes Study. WMJ 2003; 100:19-23. [PMID: 12685293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Helstad
- Center for Medical Practice Research and Education, State Medical Society of Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the vomeronasal organ in male hamsters activated Fos expression in neurons of the chemosensory pathways, as in experiments where animals were stimulated with female chemical stimuli. Fos was also activated in gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone (GnRH, or LHRH) neurons in the rostral medial preoptic region of the brain, a possible substrate for GnRH influence on chemosensory-dependent reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of frequent and severe hypoglycemia and the associated demographic and clinical risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Demographic and diabetes self-management factors were measured in 415 subjects followed prospectively for 4-6.5 years of type 1 diabetes duration as participants in a population-based incident cohort. Blood samples were collected up to three times yearly to test glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) levels. Reports of frequent (2-4 times/week) and severe (lost consciousness) hypoglycemia as well as other diabetes self-management data were collected by questionnaires. RESULTS Frequent hypoglycemia was common (33 and 35% of participants reported this on the 4- and 6.5-year questionnaires, respectively), whereas severe hypoglycemia occurred much less often. Better glycemic control (odds ratio [OR] 1.3 per 2% decrease in GHb, 95% CI 1.1-1.5) and more frequent self-monitored blood glucose (1.5 per blood glucose check, 1.3-1.7) were independently related to frequent hypoglycemia. The association of frequent hypoglycemia with intensive insulin therapy increased with age. Better glycemic control (1.5 per 2% decrease in GHb, 1.2-2.0) and older age were related to severe hypoglycemic reactions. No sociodemographic factors other than age increased the risk of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Frequent hypoglycemia was common in a population representing the full range of glycemic control in the community. Intensive insulin management and blood glucose monitoring independently predicted frequent but not severe hypoglycemia. This information may be useful for updating patients such that minor changes in diabetes management might decrease the daily burden of this condition while maintaining intensive insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
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Abstract
The human vomeronasal organ (VNO) has been the subject of some interest in the scientific literature and of considerable speculation in the popular science literature. A function for the human VNO has been both dismissed with ridicule and averred with conviction. This question of VNO function has been needlessly tied to the separate question of whether there is any place for pheromone communication among humans, a topic that is itself bogged down in conflicting definitions. This review is an attempt to weigh the evidence for and against human VNO function, to deconvolve that question from the question of pheromone communication and finally to provide a working definition of 'pheromone'. Further experimental work is required to resolve the conflicting evidence for and against human VNO function but chemical communication does appear to occur among humans. However, several examples reported in the literature do not meet the proposed definition for communication by pheromones: 'chemical substances released by one member of a species as communication with another member, to their mutual benefit'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4340, USA.
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Kelliher KR, Baum MJ, Meredith M. The ferret's vomeronasal organ and accessory olfactory bulb: effect of hormone manipulation in adult males and females. Anat Rec 2001; 263:280-8. [PMID: 11455537 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The male ferret, a carnivore, was recently shown to possess a vomeronasal organ (VNO). We compared the morphology of the VNO and its associated accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) in male and female ferrets that were killed in adulthood. The volume and surface area of the VNO neuroepithelium were similar in adult gonadectomized male and female ferrets regardless of whether they were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) or oil vehicle. An AOB was localized bilaterally in the medial caudal part of the olfactory bulbs of adult ferrets using soybean agglutin binding and immunostaining for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and tyrosine hydroxylase as well as Nissl staining of coronal, horizontal, and sagittal brain sections. There was no effect of sex or TP treatment on AOB cell layer volume in adult gonadectomized animals. We found the ferret's AOB to be more medially located and much smaller than previously reported in this species, thus highlighting the importance of using several histochemical markers to characterize this structure in any previously unexamined species. Adult male and female ferrets both have a VNO and an associated AOB. More research is needed to determine what role, if any, this accessory olfactory system plays in mediating behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to pheromones in ferrets of either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kelliher
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Meredith M. Animal research. Would middle ground approach give "added value"? BMJ 2001; 322:1604-5. [PMID: 11458906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Abstract
A widely accepted genetically determined rodent model for human type 2 diabetes is the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat; however, the lesion(s) in the pancreatic islets of these rats has not been identified. Herein, intact islets from GK rats (aged 8-14 weeks) were studied, both immediately after isolation and after 18 h in tissue culture. Despite intact contents of insulin and protein, GK islets had markedly deficient insulin release in response to glucose, as well as to pure mitochondrial fuels or a non-nutrient membrane-depolarizing stimulus (40 mmol/l K+). In contrast, mastoparan (which activates GTP-binding proteins [GBPs]) completely circumvented any secretory defect. Basal and stimulated levels of adenine and guanine nucleotides, the activation of phospholipase C by Ca2+ or glucose, the secretory response to pertussis toxin, and the activation of selected low-molecular weight GBPs were not impaired. Defects were found, however, in the autophosphorylation and catalytic activity of cytosolic nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDPK), which may provide compartmentalized GTP pools to activate G-proteins; a deficient content of phosphoinositides was also detected. These studies identify novel, heretofore unappreciated, defects late in signal transduction in the islets of our colony of GK rats, possibly occurring at the site of activation by NDPK of a mastoparan-sensitive G-protein-dependent step in exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Metz
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA.
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Everett RD, Meredith M, Orr A. The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 to bind to a ubiquitin-specific protease contributes to its roles in the activation of gene expression and stimulation of virus replication. J Virol 1999; 73:417-26. [PMID: 9847347 PMCID: PMC103848 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.1.417-426.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/1998] [Accepted: 10/08/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 stimulates the onset of virus infection and is required for efficient reactivation from latency. In transfection assays, Vmw110 is a potent activator of gene expression, but its mode of action has yet to be determined. Previous work has shown that Vmw110 localizes to specific intranuclear structures known as ND10, PML bodies, or PODs and causes the disruption of these domains. The ability of Vmw110 to disrupt ND10 correlates with its biological activities in infected and transfected cells. It has also been found that Vmw110 binds strongly and specifically to a ubiquitin-specific protease known as HAUSP, itself a component of a subset of ND10. In this study we have investigated the role of HAUSP in Vmw110 activity; single amino acid residues of Vmw110 required for the interaction were identified, and the effects of mutation of these residues in infected and transfected cells were then assayed. The results indicate that the ability to bind to HAUSP contributes to the functional activities of Vmw110.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Everett
- MRC Virology Unit, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews three topics: (a) Convergent vomeronasal and olfactory chemosensory input into a common circuit considered important for mating in male golden hamsters; (b) Apparent activation of this circuit by intracerebral luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and (c) Interaction of the LHRH and the two chemosensory inputs. Mapping of c-fos protein in male hamsters mating with females or exposed to female pheromones indicates intense activation in the central vomeronasal pathways, induced by both olfactory and vomeronasal input. This input appears to activate the medial preoptic area, where chemosensory activation is greater in experienced than in inexperienced animals. Intracerebral injection of LHRH facilitates mating behavior and increases Fos expression in the medial preoptic area of mating males. Despite evidence that the release of LHRH in response to female chemosignals is dependent on vomeronasal input, no activation of LHRH neurons has been demonstrated in males exposed to such chemosignals. Electrical stimulation of the vomeronasal organ can induce Fos expression in chemosensory pathways and in medial preoptic LHRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-4075, USA.
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Moeller JF, Meredith M. Increase in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels in CSF after stimulation of the nervus terminalis in Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Brain Res 1998; 806:104-7. [PMID: 9739116 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nervus terminalis (NT) contains many cells immunoreactive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The potential of the NT to release GnRH in vivo was investigated by stimulating the peripheral nerve trunk of Atlantic stingrays and collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF samples from stimulated animals averaged about twice the levels of mGnRH-like peptide as those of unstimulated animals. These results demonstrate that nervus terminalis activity can effect in vivo GnRH levels in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Moeller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4340, USA.
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Abstract
This contribution briefly explores some unanswered questions about vomeronasal organ function, and introduces other contributions from the symposium 'Vomeronasal Function', presented at the XVII Meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (1996). Key publications appearing since the symposium are also listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, USA.
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Abstract
Male hamsters are very dependent on chemosensory cues for normal mating behavior. We have previously reported that central, vomeronasal pathways are intensely and selectively activated during mating or pheromonal stimulation. The contribution of main olfactory sensory input to the patterns of c-fos activation was investigated in this study. Sexually inexperienced male hamsters were either made anosmic by intranasal infusion of zinc sulfate or remained intact. Fos protein immunoreactivity was analyzed in main olfactory and vomeronasal pathways of the zinc sulfate-treated, anosmic animals after mating with receptive females for 45 min, and compared with Fos patterns seen in intact mating animals, some of which have been described in a previous publication. The zinc sulfate-treated anosmic males described here all mated when given access to receptive females. Whether mated or unstimulated, anosmic males had little or no Fos expression in main olfactory pathways; significantly less even than in unstimulated intact animals. Mating did not increase Fos expression in main olfactory pathways of intact animals over that of unstimulated intact controls. However, Fos expression in central vomeronasal pathways was significantly higher in mating anosmic males, as in intact males, compared with appropriate non-mating controls. Fos expression was significantly different between intact and zinc sulfate-treated anosmic mating males in only one area studied. The rostral anterior medial amygdala, known to receive a small olfactory terminal field, had significantly lower Fos expression in zinc sulfate-treated anosmic males that mated when compared with intact-mating animals. Thus, functional main olfactory input to the rostral vomeronasal amygdala can be demonstrated but does not appear to be critical for mating behavior in previously inexperienced male hamsters with intact vomeronasal organs. Other main olfactory input appears to have a negligible contribution to Fos-patterns in such animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Fernandez-Fewell
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, USA
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40
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Elson DF, Meredith M. Therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. WMJ 1998; 97:49-54. [PMID: 9540451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common, chronic disease affecting nearly 6% of the adult US population. It remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Wisconsin as well as the country. Multiple lines of evidence show that controlling blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes can significantly decrease the development of and/or progression of microvascular complications as well as the macrovascular complications of diabetes. There are now four different classes of oral medications which are available to treat diabetes-sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Each class works differently to treat the underlying defects of diabetes which include impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance and exaggerated postprandial hyperglycemia. This article will compare and contrast the different agents available, including appropriate use of each agent as monotherapy and in combination therapy. It will also discuss use of insulin in the patient who has failed oral therapy. Rational use of these tools, tailored for the individuals metabolic abnormalities, should allow for good glycemic control in the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Relaxation, massage, opium, and moderate exercise were among the recommended options for treatment of diabetes mellitus nearly 100 years ago. In the late nineteenth century, diabetes was a poorly characterized disorder, which was increasing in prevalence even at that time. Today, the underlying defects contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes are better understood, and include peripheral insulin resistance, relative pancreatic beta-cell insufficiency, increased hepatic glucose output, and an exaggerated postprandial glucose excursion. However, despite our better understanding of the disease, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase in the US, now afflicting over 6% of the population. As our population ages and the proportion of obese people increases, we can expect to see a marked increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the future. Fortunately, our treatment options for type 2 diabetes have expanded remarkably within the last few years. Along with these new treatment options comes the exciting, although likely expensive, possibility of prevention of type 2 diabetes in at risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Elson
- University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, USA
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41
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Metz SA, Meredith M. Of mice and men (and rats): caveats in defining specific roles of GTP in the pancreatic islet. Biochem J 1997; 327 ( Pt 3):931-4. [PMID: 9599223 PMCID: PMC1218879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Segu VB, Mahvi DM, Wilson MA, Hale SJ, Warner TF, Meredith M, Shenker Y. Use of In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy in the diagnosis of a midgut carcinoid causing Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 1997; 137:79-83. [PMID: 9242206 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1370079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A 57-year-old man presented with clinical features of hypercortisolism and was diagnosed with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Biochemical testing showed partial suppression of urinary free cortisol with high dose dexamethasone. Initial computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen, and magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary were negative. In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy with single photon emission computerized tomography revealed two 'hot' lesions in the abdomen which were then confirmed by subsequent directed thin-slice abdominal CT and small bowel barium study. At surgery, two segments of ileum, adjoining mesentery and lymph nodes were resected. Histopathology was consistent with a malignant carcinoid tumor of the ileum which stained intensely for ACTH. Plasma ACTH, and serum and urinary cortisol normalized postoperatively. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ileal carcinoid tumor causing Cushing's syndrome with premortem diagnosis. Another unique feature of this case is that In-111 pentetreotide scan provided the decisive clue to localization of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Segu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53792, USA
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43
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Abstract
Using intact rat islets, we previously observed that GTP depletion (achieved through the use of mycophenolic acid or other synthesis inhibitors) impedes nutrient- but not K+-induced insulin secretion. It was concluded that a proximal nutrient-dependent step in stimulus-secretion coupling (but not the process of Ca2+-induced exocytosis itself) is modulated by ambient GTP levels. To examine Ca2+-dependent steps further in intact beta cells, INS-1 cells (which synthesize GTP and ATP similarly to rat islets) and HIT-T15 cells (whose synthesis of purine nucleotides is different) were studied following cell culture for 1-18 hr in various concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA) or mizoribine (MZ). Both agents profoundly reduced GTP content (mean: -78%) and lowered the GTP/GDP ratio by an average of -73%; concomitantly, MPA or MZ reduced insulin secretion induced by 10 mM glucose, 30 or 40 mM KCl, or 100 microM tolbutamide, independent of any changes in cell viability, insulin content, ATP content, the ATP/ADP ratio, or cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations. In INS-1 cells (which appear to have normal nucleobase transport and "salvage" pathway activities), guanine (but not adenine) restored GTP content, the GTP/GDP ratio, and Ca2+-induced secretion. In HIT cells, the phosphoribosylation of exogenous guanine or hypoxanthine is defective; however, provision of 500 microM guanosine (but not adenosine) reversed the effects of MPA. We conclude that, at least in certain situations, a requisite role for GTP in the distal step(s) of exocytosis can be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and the William S. Middleton Veteran's Administration Hospital, Madison, USA
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44
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Everett RD, Meredith M, Orr A, Cross A, Kathoria M, Parkinson J. A novel ubiquitin-specific protease is dynamically associated with the PML nuclear domain and binds to a herpesvirus regulatory protein. EMBO J 1997; 16:1519-30. [PMID: 9130697 PMCID: PMC1169756 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.7.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 is a non-specific activator of gene expression and is required for efficient initiation of the viral lytic cycle. Since Vmw110-deficient viruses reactivate inefficiently in mouse latency models it has been suggested that Vmw110 plays a role in the balance between the latent and lytic states of the virus. The mechanisms by which Vmw110 achieves these functions are poorly understood. Vmw110 migrates to discrete nuclear structures (ND10) which contain the cellular PML protein, and in consequence PML and other constituent proteins are dispersed. In addition, Vmw110 binds to a cellular protein of approximately 135 kDa, and its interactions with the 135 kDa protein and ND10 contribute to its ability to stimulate gene expression and viral lytic growth. In this report we identify the 135 kDa protein as a novel member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family. The protease is distributed in the nucleus in a micropunctate pattern with a limited number of larger discrete foci, some of which co-localize with PML in ND10. At early times of virus infection, the presence of Vmw110 increases the proportion of ND10 which contain the ubiquitin-specific protease. These results identify a novel, transitory component of ND10 and implicate a previously uncharacterized ubiquitin-dependent pathway in the control of viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Everett
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Glasgow, UK
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45
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Everett RD, Meredith M, Orr A, Cross A, Kathoria M, Parkinson J. A novel ubiquitin-specific protease is dynamically associated with the PML nuclear domain and binds to a herpesvirus regulatory protein. EMBO J 1997; 16:566-77. [PMID: 9034339 PMCID: PMC1169660 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.3.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 is a non-specific activator of gene expression and is required for efficient initiation of the viral lytic cycle. Since Vmw110-deficient viruses reactivate inefficiently in mouse latency models it has been suggested that Vmw110 plays a role in the balance between the latent and lytic states of the virus. The mechanisms by which Vmw110 achieves these functions are poorly understood. Vmw110 migrates to discrete nuclear structures (ND10) which contain the cellular PML protein, and in consequence PML and other constituent proteins are dispersed. In addition, Vmw110 binds to a cellular protein of approximately 135 kDa, and its interactions with the 135 kDa protein and ND10 contribute to its ability to stimulate gene expression and viral lytic growth. In this report we identify the 135 kDa protein as a novel member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family. The protease is distributed in the nucleus in a micropunctate pattern with a limited number of larger discrete foci, some of which co-localize with PML in ND10. At early times of virus infection, the presence of Vmw110 increases the proportion of ND10 which contain the ubiquitin-specific protease. These results identify a novel, transitory component of ND10 and implicate a previously uncharacterized ubiquitin-dependent pathway in the control of viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Everett
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Glasgow, UK
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46
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Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) has been shown to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion from rat islets and purified beta-cells, primarily through the generation of nitric oxide (NO). However, the mechanisms by which NO exerts its effects remain unclear. To examine the role of purine nucleotides, we cultured intact rat islets or INS-1 (glucose-responsive transformed rat) beta-cells for 18 h in the presence or absence of IL-1beta. In islets, the exposure to IL-1beta (100 pmol/l) inhibited subsequent glucose-induced insulin secretion by 91% with no significant effect on insulin content or basal insulin release. IL-1beta also diminished insulin secretion induced by pure mitochondrial fuels, 40 mmol/l K+, or a phorbol ester. Concomitantly, IL-1beta significantly decreased islet ATP (-45%), GTP (-33%), ATP/ADP (-54%), and GTP/GDP (-46%). These effects were totally reversed by provision of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME) in arginine-free media that inhibited NO production. In contrast, in INS-1 cells, IL-1beta (10 or 100 pmol/l) reduced both basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion by 50%, but insulin content was also reduced by 35%. Therefore, the INS-1 cells were still able to respond to glucose stimulation with a 1.8-2.0-fold increase in insulin release in either the presence or absence of IL-1beta. Concomitantly, in INS-1 cells, IL-1beta had no effect on ATP/ADP or GTP/GDP ratios, although it modestly decreased ATP (-25%) and GTP (-22%). As in islets, all effects of IL-1beta in INS-1 cells were prevented by NAME. Thus, in rat islets, IL-1beta (via the generation of NO) abolishes insulin exocytosis in association with large decreases in the ATP/ADP (and GTP/GDP) ratio, implying the impairment of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, IL-1beta inhibits cytosolic synthesis of new purine nucleotides (via the salvage pathway), as assessed by a decrease in their specific activity after labeling with [3H]hypoxanthine. In contrast, in INS-1 cells, IL-1beta appears to impair cytosolic synthesis of purine nucleotides and insulin biosynthesis selectively (both possibly reflecting decreased glycolysis) with little direct effect on insulin exocytosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, William S. Middleton Veteran's Administration Hospital, Madison, USA
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Sierra-Rivera E, Dasouki M, Summar ML, Krishnamani MR, Meredith M, Rao PN, Phillips JA, Freeman ML. Assignment of the human gene (GLCLR) that encodes the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase to chromosome 1p21. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1996; 72:252-4. [PMID: 8978789 DOI: 10.1159/000134202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently assigned the human gene (GLCLC) that encodes the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (glutamate-cysteine ligase, E.C. 6.3.2.2) to human chromosome 6p12. Here we specify the chromosomal sublocalization of the human gene (GLCLR) that encodes the regulatory subunit of E.C. 6.3.2.2 to chromosome 1p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sierra-Rivera
- Center for Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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48
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Tanner JR, Meredith M, Toma A. The issue of substance abuse in the health care industry. A preliminary survey of managerial thinking. Med Group Manage J 1996; 43:48, 50-2, 54-60 passim. [PMID: 10172552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Substance abuse in the workplace has been a growing concern in recent years and ways to detect employees and applicants who use drugs has been the subject of much debate. In this article, the results of a survey on the attitudes of medical practice human resource managers on drug testing of both employees and applicants are given. For this study, 273 human resource managers were sent questionnaires detailing various attitude statements and were asked for their level of agreement. Categories of questions included the administrators' general philosophy of drug testing, their attitudes toward the organizational impact of drug testing, their attitudes toward the implementation of drug testing and their attitudes toward specific issues pertinent to drug testing in medical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Tanner
- University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette 70504, USA
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49
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Meredith M, Rabaglia ME, Metz SA. Evidence of a role for GTP in the potentiation of Ca(2+)-induced insulin secretion by glucose in intact rat islets. J Clin Invest 1995; 96:811-21. [PMID: 7635976 PMCID: PMC185267 DOI: 10.1172/jci118127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose initiates insulin secretion by closing K(+)-ATP channels, leading to Ca2+ influx (E1); it also potentiates Ca(2+)-induced secretion (E2) when the K(+)-ATP channel is kept open using diazoxide and depolarizing concentrations of K+ are provided. To examine the roles of purine nucleotides in E2, we compared the effects of glucose to those of the mitochondrial fuel monomethylsuccinate. Either agonist could induce E2 accompanied by significant increases in ATP, ATP/ADP ratio, and GTP/GDP ratio; GTP increased significantly only with glucose. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of cytosolic GTP synthesis, markedly inhibited glucose-induced E2 (either in perifusions or in static incubations) and decreased GTP and the GTP/GDP ratio, but did not alter the ATP/ADP ratio. Provision of guanine (but not adenine) reversed these changes pari passu. In contrast, MPA had no effect on succinate-induced E2, despite generally similar changes in nucleotides. A similar lack of effect of MPA on E2 was seen with a second mitochondrial fuel, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC). However, in the absence of diazoxide and K+, MPA blunted the secretory effects of either glucose, succinate, or KIC. These studies suggest that GTP plays a role in both glucose and succinate or KIC-induced insulin secretion at a step dependent on mitochondrial metabolism and the K(+)-ATP channel. In addition to mitochondrial effects, glucose appears to have extramitochondrial effects important to its potentiation of Ca(2+)-induced insulin secretion that are also dependent on GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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50
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Meredith M, Orr A, Elliott M, Everett R. Separation of sequence requirements for HSV-1 Vmw110 multimerisation and interaction with a 135-kDa cellular protein. Virology 1995; 209:174-87. [PMID: 7747467 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1995.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early polypeptide Vmw110 (ICP0) is a general transactivator of gene expression in transfection assays and is required for the fully efficient onset of viral lytic replication. It has also been implicated in the process of viral reactivation from latency. Its mechanism of action is unknown, but any involvement in latency requires interactions between viral and host factors. We have previously shown that Vmw110 binds to a 135-kDa cellular protein. In this paper we define a short region towards the C-terminal end of Vmw110 that is required for the 135-kDa protein interaction in virus-infected cells and in vitro. We also confirm that the C-terminal region of Vmw110 contains residues that are responsible for the multimerisation of the protein; these sequences are at least partially distinct from those involved in 135-kDa binding. Both multimerisation and 135-kDa protein interaction are required for full viral infectivity, and elimination of these functions affects the normal interactions between Vmw110 and cellular nuclear structures that contain the PML protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meredith
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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