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Maxouri O, Bodalal Z, Daal M, Rostami S, Rodriguez I, Akkari L, Srinivas M, Bernards R, Beets-Tan R. How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started. BJR Open 2023; 5:20230019. [PMID: 37953866 PMCID: PMC10636348 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in the routine imaging workflow, providing both anatomical and functional information. 19F MRI is an evolving imaging modality where instead of 1H, 19F nuclei are excited. As the signal from endogenous 19F in the body is negligible, exogenous 19F signals obtained by 19F radiofrequency coils are exceptionally specific. Highly fluorinated agents targeting particular biological processes (i.e., the presence of immune cells) have been visualised using 19F MRI, highlighting its potential for non-invasive and longitudinal molecular imaging. This article aims to provide both a broad overview of the various applications of 19F MRI, with cancer imaging as a focus, as well as a practical guide to 19F imaging. We will discuss the essential elements of a 19F system and address common pitfalls during acquisition. Last but not least, we will highlight future perspectives that will enhance the role of this modality. While not an exhaustive exploration of all 19F literature, we endeavour to encapsulate the broad themes of the field and introduce the world of 19F molecular imaging to newcomers. 19F MRI bridges several domains, imaging, physics, chemistry, and biology, necessitating multidisciplinary teams to be able to harness this technology effectively. As further technical developments allow for greater sensitivity, we envision that 19F MRI can help unlock insight into biological processes non-invasively and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Starke L, Millward JM, Prinz C, Sherazi F, Waiczies H, Lippert C, Nazaré M, Paul F, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. First in vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging of the multiple sclerosis drug siponimod. Theranostics 2023; 13:1217-1234. [PMID: 36923535 PMCID: PMC10008739 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic imaging methods could greatly enhance our understanding of the distribution of CNS-acting drugs in individual patients. Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) offers the opportunity to localize and quantify fluorinated drugs non-invasively, without modifications and without the application of ionizing or other harmful radiation. Here we investigated siponimod, a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor antagonist indicated for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), to determine the feasibility of in vivo 19F MR imaging of a disease modifying drug. Methods: The 19F MR properties of siponimod were characterized using spectroscopic techniques. Four MRI methods were investigated to determine which was the most sensitive for 19F MR imaging of siponimod under biological conditions. We subsequently administered siponimod orally to 6 mice and acquired 19F MR spectra and images in vivo directly after administration, and in ex vivo tissues. Results: The 19F transverse relaxation time of siponimod was 381 ms when dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, and substantially reduced to 5 ms when combined with serum, and to 20 ms in ex vivo liver tissue. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging was determined to be the most sensitive MRI technique for imaging siponimod in a biological context and was used to map the drug in vivo in the stomach and liver. Ex vivo images in the liver and brain showed an inhomogeneous distribution of siponimod in both organs. In the brain, siponimod accumulated predominantly in the cerebrum but not the cerebellum. No secondary 19F signals were detected from metabolites. From a translational perspective, we found that acquisitions done on a 3.0 T clinical MR scanner were 2.75 times more sensitive than acquisitions performed on a preclinical 9.4 T MR setup when taking changes in brain size across species into consideration and using equivalent relative spatial resolution. Conclusion: Siponimod can be imaged non-invasively using 19F UTE MRI in the form administered to MS patients, without modification. This study lays the groundwork for more extensive preclinical and clinical investigations. With the necessary technical development, 19F MRI has the potential to become a powerful theranostic tool for studying the time-course and distribution of CNS-acting drugs within the brain, especially during pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Starke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Prinz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany.,SRH Fernhochschule - The Mobile University, Riedlingen, Germany
| | - Fatima Sherazi
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Lippert
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut fϋr Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Lopez Kolkovsky AL, Carlier PG, Marty B, Meyerspeer M. Interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear magnetic resonance in vivo. Review of principles, applications and potential. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4735. [PMID: 35352440 PMCID: PMC9542607 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance signals from different nuclei can be excited or received at the same time,rendering simultaneous or rapidly interleaved multi-nuclear acquisitions feasible. The advan-tages are a reduction of total scan time compared to sequential multi-nuclear acquisitions or that additional information from heteronuclear data is obtained at thesame time and anatomical position. Information content can be qualitatively increased by delivering a more comprehensive MR-based picture of a transient state (such as an exercise bout). Also, combiningnon-proton MR acquisitions with 1 Hinformation (e.g., dynamic shim updates and motion correction) can be used to improve data quality during long scans and benefits image coregistration. This work reviews the literature on interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear MRI and MRS in vivo. Prominent use cases for this methodology in clinical and research applications are brain and muscle, but studies have also been carried out in other targets, including the lung, knee, breast and heart. Simultaneous multi-nuclear measurements in the liver and kidney have also been performed, but exclusively in rodents. In this review, a consistent nomenclature is proposed, to help clarify the terminology used for this principle throughout the literature on in-vivo MR. An overview covers the basic principles, the technical requirements on the MR scanner and the implementations realised either by MR system vendors or research groups, from the early days until today. Considerations regarding the multi-tuned RF coils required and heteronuclear polarisation interactions are briefly discussed, and fields for future in-vivo applications for interleaved multi-nuclear MR pulse sequences are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L. Lopez Kolkovsky
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR laboratoryCEA, DRF, IBFJParisFrance
| | - Pierre G. Carlier
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR laboratoryCEA, DRF, IBFJParisFrance
| | - Benjamin Marty
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR laboratoryCEA, DRF, IBFJParisFrance
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- High‐Field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Rodriguez GG, Yu Z, O′Donnell LF, Calderon L, Cloos MA, Madelin G. Repeatability of simultaneous 3D 1H MRF/ 23Na MRI in brain at 7 T. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14156. [PMID: 35986071 PMCID: PMC9391473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton MRI can provide detailed morphological images, but it reveals little information about cell homeostasis. On the other hand, sodium MRI can provide metabolic information but cannot resolve fine structures. The complementary nature of proton and sodium MRI raises the prospect of their combined use in a single experiment. In this work, we assessed the repeatability of normalized proton density (PD), T1, T2, and normalized sodium density-weighted quantification measured with simultaneous 3D 1H MRF/23Na MRI in the brain at 7 T, from ten healthy volunteers who were scanned three times each. The coefficients of variation (CV) and the intra-class correlation (ICC) were calculated for the mean and standard deviation (SD) of these 4 parameters in grey matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. As result, the CVs were lower than 3.3% for the mean values and lower than 6.9% for the SD values. The ICCs were higher than 0.61 in all 24 measurements. We conclude that the measurements of normalized PD, T1, T2, and normalized sodium density-weighted from simultaneous 3D 1H MRF/23Na MRI in the brain at 7 T showed high repeatability. We estimate that changes > 6.6% (> 2 CVs) in mean values of both 1H and 23Na metrics could be detectable with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo G. Rodriguez
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, 4th floor, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Zidan Yu
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, 4th floor, New York, NY 10016 USA ,grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Lauren F. O′Donnell
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, 4th floor, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Liz Calderon
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, 4th floor, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Martijn A. Cloos
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School Medicine, 660 1st Avenue, 4th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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5
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Yu Z, Hodono S, Dergachyova O, Hilbert T, Wang B, Zhang B, Brown R, Sodickson DK, Madelin G, Cloos MA. Simultaneous 3D acquisition of 1 H MRF and 23 Na MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2299-2312. [PMID: 34971454 PMCID: PMC8847332 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D MR technique to simultaneously acquire proton multiparametric maps (T1 , T2 , and proton density) and sodium density weighted images over the whole brain. METHODS We implemented a 3D stack-of-stars MR pulse sequence which consists of interleaved proton (1 H) and sodium (23 Na) excitations, tailored slice encoding gradients that can encode the same slice for both nuclei, and simultaneous readout with different radial trajectories (1 H, full-radial; 23 Na, center-out radial). The receive chain of our 7T scanner was modified to enable simultaneous acquisition of 1 H and 23 Na signal. A heuristically optimized flip angle train was implemented for proton MR fingerprinting (MRF). The SNR and the accuracy of proton T1 and T2 were evaluated in phantoms. Finally, in vivo application of the method was demonstrated in five healthy subjects. RESULTS The SNR for the simultaneous measurement was almost identical to that for the single-nucleus measurements (<2% change). The proton T1 and T2 maps remained similar to the results from a reference 2D MRF technique (normalized RMS error in T1 ≈ 4.2% and T2 ≈ 11.3%). Measurements in healthy subjects corroborated these results and demonstrated the feasibility of our method for in vivo application. The in vivo T1 values measured using our method were lower than the results measured by other conventional techniques. CONCLUSIONS With the 3D simultaneous implementation, we were able to acquire sodium and proton density weighted images in addition to proton T1 , T2 , and B1+ from 1 H MRF that covers the whole brain volume within 21 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Yu
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shota Hodono
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga Dergachyova
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bili Wang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel K. Sodickson
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martijn A. Cloos
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA,The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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6
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Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020382. [PMID: 35214114 PMCID: PMC8874484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize, especially from studies over the last decade, the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
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Švec P, Petrov OV, Lang J, Štěpnička P, Groborz O, Dunlop D, Blahut J, Kolouchová K, Loukotová L, Sedláček O, Heizer T, Tošner Z, Šlouf M, Beneš H, Hoogenboom R, Hrubý M. Fluorinated Ferrocene Moieties as a Platform for Redox-Responsive Polymer 19F MRI Theranostics. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V. Petrov
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 8 180 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 8 180 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Dunlop
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, CAS, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8 182 23, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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8
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Wang B, Zhang B, Yu Z, Ianniello C, Lakshmanan K, Paska J, Madelin G, Cloos M, Brown R. A radially interleaved sodium and proton coil array for brain MRI at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4608. [PMID: 34476861 PMCID: PMC9362999 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to design and build a dual-tuned coil array for simultaneous 23 Na/1 H MRI of the human brain at 7 T. Quality factor, experimental B1+ measurements, and electromagnetic simulations in prototypes showed that setups consisting of geometrically interleaved 1 H and 23 Na loops performed better than or similar to 1 H or 23 Na loops in isolation. Based on these preliminary findings, we built a transmit/receive eight-channel 23 Na loop array that was geometrically interleaved with a transmit/receive eight-channel 1 H loop array. We assessed the performance of the manufactured array with mononuclear signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and B1+ measurements, along with multinuclear magnetic resonance fingerprinting maps and images. The 23 Na array within the developed dual-tuned device provided more than 50% gain in peripheral SNR and similar B1+ uniformity and coverage as a reference birdcage coil of similar size. The 1 H array provided good B1+ uniformity in the brain, excluding the cerebellum and brain stem. The integrated 23 Na and 1 H arrays were used to demonstrate truly simultaneous quantitative 1 H mapping and 23 Na imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bili Wang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zidan Yu
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlotta Ianniello
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karthik Lakshmanan
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jan Paska
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martijn Cloos
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Brown
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Multi-targeted 1H/ 19F MRI unmasks specific danger patterns for emerging cardiovascular disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5847. [PMID: 34615876 PMCID: PMC8494909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of the transition from stable to acute coronary syndromes driven by vascular inflammation, thrombosis with subsequent microembolization, and vessel occlusion leading to irreversible myocardial damage is still an unsolved problem. Here, we introduce a multi-targeted and multi-color nanotracer platform technology that simultaneously visualizes evolving danger patterns in the development of progressive coronary inflammation and atherothrombosis prior to spontaneous myocardial infarction in mice. Individual ligand-equipped perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions are used as targeting agents and are differentiated by their specific spectral signatures via implementation of multi chemical shift selective 19F MRI. Thereby, we are able to identify areas at high risk of and predictive for consecutive development of myocardial infarction, at a time when no conventional parameter indicates any imminent danger. The principle of this multi-targeted approach can easily be adapted to monitor also a variety of other disease entities and constitutes a technology with disease-predictive potential.
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10
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Kupče Ē, Mote KR, Webb A, Madhu PK, Claridge TDW. Multiplexing experiments in NMR and multi-nuclear MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 124-125:1-56. [PMID: 34479710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing NMR experiments by direct detection of multiple free induction decays (FIDs) in a single experiment offers a dramatic increase in the spectral information content and often yields significant improvement in sensitivity per unit time. Experiments with multi-FID detection have been designed with both homonuclear and multinuclear acquisition, and the advent of multiple receivers on commercial spectrometers opens up new possibilities for recording spectra from different nuclear species in parallel. Here we provide an extensive overview of such techniques, designed for applications in liquid- and solid-state NMR as well as in hyperpolarized samples. A brief overview of multinuclear MRI is also provided, to stimulate cross fertilization of ideas between the two areas of research (NMR and MRI). It is shown how such techniques enable the design of experiments that allow structure elucidation of small molecules from a single measurement. Likewise, in biomolecular NMR experiments multi-FID detection allows complete resonance assignment in proteins. Probes with multiple RF microcoils routed to multiple NMR receivers provide an alternative way of increasing the throughput of modern NMR systems, effectively reducing the cost of NMR analysis and increasing the information content at the same time. Solid-state NMR experiments have also benefited immensely from both parallel and sequential multi-FID detection in a variety of multi-dimensional pulse schemes. We are confident that multi-FID detection will become an essential component of future NMR methodologies, effectively increasing the sensitivity and information content of NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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11
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Kolouchova K, Groborz O, Cernochova Z, Skarkova A, Brabek J, Rosel D, Svec P, Starcuk Z, Slouf M, Hruby M. Thermo- and ROS-Responsive Self-Assembled Polymer Nanoparticle Tracers for 19F MRI Theranostics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2325-2337. [PMID: 33881829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) enables detailed in vivo tracking of fluorine-containing tracers and is therefore becoming a particularly useful tool in noninvasive medical imaging. In previous studies, we introduced biocompatible polymers based on the hydrophilic monomer N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and the thermoresponsive monomer N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide (DFEA). These polymers have abundant magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms and advantageous properties as 19F MRI tracers. Furthermore, in this pilot study, we modified these polymers by introducing a redox-responsive monomer. As a result, our polymers changed their physicochemical properties once exposed to an oxidative environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymers were prepared by incorporating small amounts (0.9-4.5 mol %) of the N-[2-(ferrocenylcarboxamido)ethyl]acrylamide (FcCEA) monomer, which is hydrophobic and diamagnetic in the reduced electroneutral (Fe(II), ferrocene) state but hydrophilic and paramagnetic in the oxidized (Fe(III), ferrocenium cation) state. This property can be useful for theranostic purposes (therapy and diagnostic purposes), especially, in terms of ROS-responsive drug-delivery systems. In the reduced state, these nanoparticles remain self-assembled with the encapsulated drug but release the drug upon oxidation in ROS-rich tumors or inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zulfiya Cernochova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Skarkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zenon Starcuk
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Parsa J, O'Reilly T, Webb A. Very low field 19F MRI of perfluoro-octylbromide: Minimizing chemical shift effects and signal loss due to scalar coupling. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 325:106946. [PMID: 33676267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
19F images have been obtained from perflurooctylbromide (PFOB) at very low magnetic field (50 mT). The small spectral dispersion (in Hz) means that all fluorine nuclei contribute to the signal without chemical shift artifacts or the need for specialized imaging sequences. Turbo spin echo trains with short interpulse intervals and full 180° refocussing pulses suppress scalar coupling, leading to long apparent T2 values and highly efficient data collection. Overall, the detection efficiency of PFOB is very similar that of water in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Parsa
- C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Albinusdreef 22333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas O'Reilly
- C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Albinusdreef 22333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Albinusdreef 22333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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13
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Modo M. 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Neuroscience. Neuroscience 2021; 474:37-50. [PMID: 33766776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has established itself as a key diagnostic technique, affording the visualization of brain anatomy, blood flow, activity and connectivity. The detection of other atoms (e.g. 19F, 23Na, 31P), so called hetero-nuclear MRI and spectroscopy (MRS), provides investigative avenues that complement and extend the richness of information that can be gained from 1H MRI. Especially 19F MRI is increasingly emerging as a multi-nuclear (1H/19F) technique that can be exploited to visualize cell migration and trafficking. The lack of a 19F background signal in the brain affords an unequivocal detection suitable for quantification. Fluorine-based contrast material can be engineered as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, or nanoparticles to label cells in vitro or in vivo. Fluorinated blood substitutes, typically nanoemulsions, can also carry oxygen and serve as a theranostic in poorly perfused brain regions. Brain tissue concentrations of fluorinated pharmaceuticals, including inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) and anti-depressants (e.g. fluoxetine), can also be measured using MRS. However, the low signal from these compounds provides a challenge for imaging. Further methodological advances that accelerate signal acquisition (e.g. compressed sensing, cryogenic coils) are required to expand the applications of 19F MR imaging to, for instance, determine the regional pharmacokinetics of novel fluorine-based drugs. Improvements in 19F signal detection and localization, combined with the development of novel sensitive probes, will increase the utility of these multi-nuclear studies. These advances will provide new insights into cellular and molecular processes involved in neurodegenerative disease, as well as the mode of action of pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Waiczies S, Prinz C, Starke L, Millward JM, Delgado PR, Rosenberg J, Nazaré M, Waiczies H, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T. Functional Imaging Using Fluorine ( 19F) MR Methods: Basic Concepts. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:279-299. [PMID: 33476007 PMCID: PMC9703275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney-associated pathologies would greatly benefit from noninvasive and robust methods that can objectively quantify changes in renal function. In the past years there has been a growing incentive to develop new applications for fluorine (19F) MRI in biomedical research to study functional changes during disease states. 19F MRI represents an instrumental tool for the quantification of exogenous 19F substances in vivo. One of the major benefits of 19F MRI is that fluorine in its organic form is absent in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the introduction of exogenous 19F signals in vivo will yield background-free images, thus providing highly selective detection with absolute specificity in vivo. Here we introduce the concept of 19F MRI, describe existing challenges, especially those pertaining to signal sensitivity, and give an overview of preclinical applications to illustrate the utility and applicability of this technique for measuring renal function in animal models.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Prinz
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Starke
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Ramos Delgado
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rosenberg
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Siemens Healthcare, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Darçot E, Yerly J, Hilbert T, Colotti R, Najdenovska E, Kober T, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. Compressed sensing with signal averaging for improved sensitivity and motion artifact reduction in fluorine-19 MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4418. [PMID: 33002268 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19 F) MRI of injected perfluorocarbon emulsions (PFCs) allows for the non-invasive quantification of inflammation and cell tracking, but suffers from a low signal-to-noise ratio and extended scan time. To address this limitation, we tested the hypotheses that a 19 F MRI pulse sequence that combines a specific undersampling regime with signal averaging has both increased sensitivity and robustness against motion artifacts compared with a non-averaged fully sampled pulse sequence, when both datasets are reconstructed with compressed sensing. As a proof of principle, numerical simulations and phantom experiments were performed on selected variable ranges to characterize the point spread function of undersampling patterns, as well as the vulnerability to noise of undersampling and reconstruction parameters with paired numbers of x signal averages and acceleration factor x (NAx-AFx). The numerical simulations demonstrated that a probability density function that uses 25% of the samples to fully sample the k-space central area allowed for an optimal balance between limited blurring and artifact incoherence. At all investigated noise levels, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) strongly depended on the regularization parameters and acceleration factor. In phantoms, the motion robustness of an NA8-AF8 undersampling pattern versus NA1-AF1 was evaluated with simulated and real motion patterns. Differences were assessed with the DSC, which was consistently higher for the NA8-AF8 compared with the NA1-AF1 strategy, for both simulated and real cyclic motion patterns (P < 0.001). Both strategies were validated in vivo in mice (n = 2) injected with perfluoropolyether. Here, the images displayed a sharper delineation of the liver with the NA8-AF8 strategy than with the NA1-AF1 strategy. In conclusion, we validated the hypotheses that in 19 F MRI the combination of undersampling and averaging improves both the sensitivity and the robustness against motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Darçot
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Yerly
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI PI), Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Laboratory 5 (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Colotti
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Najdenovska
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI PI), Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Laboratory 5 (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Wu L, Liu F, Liu S, Xu X, Liu Z, Sun X. Perfluorocarbons-Based 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7377-7395. [PMID: 33061385 PMCID: PMC7537992 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s255084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging is a promising noninvasive and quantitative molecular imaging approach with intensive research due to the high sensitivity and low endogenous background signal of the 19F atom in vivo. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been used as blood substitutes since 1970s. More recently, a variety of PFC nanoparticles have been designed for the detection and imaging of physiological and pathological changes. These molecular imaging probes have been developed to label cells, target specific epitopes in tumors, monitor the prognosis and therapy efficacy and quantitate characterization of tumors and changes in tumor microenvironment noninvasively, therefore, significantly improving the prognosis and therapy efficacy. Herein, we discuss the recent development and applications of 19F MR techniques with PFC nanoparticles in biomedicine, with particular emphasis on ligand-targeted and quantitative 19F MR imaging approaches for tumor detection, oxygenation measurement, smart stimulus response and therapy efficacy monitoring, et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuan Xu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxi Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
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17
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Yu Z, Madelin G, Sodickson DK, Cloos MA. Simultaneous proton magnetic resonance fingerprinting and sodium MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 83:2232-2242. [PMID: 31746048 PMCID: PMC7047525 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this work is to demonstrate a method for the simultaneous acquisition of proton multiparametric maps (T1 , T2 , and proton density) and sodium density images in 1 single scan. We hope that the development of such capabilities will help to ease the implementation of sodium MRI in clinical trials and provide more opportunities for researchers to investigate metabolism through sodium MRI. METHODS We developed a sequence based on magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), which contains interleaved proton (1 H) and sodium (23 Na) excitations followed by a simultaneous center-out radial readout for both nuclei. The receive chain of a 7T scanner was modified to enable simultaneous acquisition of 1 H and 23 Na signal. The obtained signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was evaluated, and the accuracy of both proton T1 , T2 , and B 1 + and sodium density maps were verified in phantoms. Finally, the method was demonstrated in 2 healthy subjects. RESULTS The SNR obtained using the simultaneous measurement was almost identical to single-nucleus measurements (<1% change). Similarly, the proton T1 and T2 maps remained stable (normalized root mean square error in T1 ≈ 2.2%, in T2 ≈ 1.4%, and B 1 + ≈ 5.4%), which indicates that the proposed sequence and hardware have no significant effects on the signal from either nucleus. In vivo measurements corroborated these results and demonstrated the feasibility of our method for in vivo application. CONCLUSIONS With the proposed approach, we were able to simultaneously acquire sodium density images in addition to proton T1 , T2 , and B 1 + maps as well as proton density images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Yu
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K. Sodickson
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martijn A. Cloos
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Lanza GM. Dual-Contrast 19F/ 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Characterize Myocardial Infarct Healing. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 11:e008457. [PMID: 30571326 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.118.008457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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19
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Ghuman H, Hitchens TK, Modo M. A systematic optimization of 19F MR image acquisition to detect macrophage invasion into an ECM hydrogel implanted in the stroke-damaged brain. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116090. [PMID: 31408717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
19F-MR imaging of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-labeled macrophages can provide a unique insight into their participation and spatio-temporal dynamics of inflammatory events, such as the biodegradation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel implanted into a stroke cavity. To determine the most efficient acquisition strategy for 19F-MR imaging, five commonly used sequences were optimized using a design of experiment (DoE) approach and compared based on their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence produced the most efficient detection of a 19F signal followed by the rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequence. The multi-slice multi-echo (MSME), fast low angle shot (FLASH), and zero echo time (ZTE) sequences were significantly less efficient. Imaging parameters (matrix/voxel size; slice thickness, number of averages) determined the accuracy (i.e. trueness and precision) of object identification by reducing partial volume effects, as determined by analysis of the point spread function (PSF). A 96 × 96 matrix size (0.35 mm3) produced the lowest limit of detection (LOD) for RARE (2.85 mM PFPE; 119 mM 19F) and FISP (0.43 mM PFPE; 18.1 mM 19F), with an SNR of 2 as the detection threshold. Imaging of a brain phantom with PFC-labeled macrophages invading an ECM hydrogel further illustrated the impact of these parameter changes. The systematic optimization of sequence and imaging parameters provides the framework for an accurate visualization of 19F-labeled macrophage distribution and density in the brain. This will enhance our understanding of the contribution of periphery-derived macrophages in bioscaffold degradation and its role in brain tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Wu L, Wen X, Wang X, Wang C, Sun X, Wang K, Zhang H, Williams T, Stacy AJ, Chen J, Schmieder AH, Lanza GM, Shen B. Local Intratracheal Delivery of Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles to Lung Cancer Demonstrated with Magnetic Resonance Multimodal Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:563-574. [PMID: 29290827 PMCID: PMC5743567 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty percent of lung cancers originate as subtle premalignant changes in the airway mucosal epithelial layer of bronchi and alveoli, which evolve and penetrate deeper into the parenchyma. Liquid-ventilation, with perfluorocarbons (PFC) was first demonstrated in rodents in 1966 then subsequently applied as lipid-encapsulated PFC emulsions to improve pulmonary function in neonatal infants suffering with respiratory distress syndrome in 1996. Subsequently, PFC nanoparticles (NP) were extensively studied as intravenous (IV) vascular-constrained nanotechnologies for diagnostic imaging and targeted drug delivery applications. Methods: This proof-of-concept study compared intratumoral localization of fluorescent paramagnetic (M) PFC NP in the Vx2 rabbit model using proton (1H) and fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (3T) following intratracheal (IT) or IV administration. MRI results were corroborated by fluorescence microscopy. Results: Dynamic 1H-MR and 19F-MR images (3T) obtained over 72 h demonstrated marked and progressive accumulation of M-PFC NP within primary lung Vx2 tumors during the first 12 h post IT administration. Marked 1H and 19F MR signal persisted for over 72 h. In contradistinction, IV M-PFC NP produced a modest transient signal during the initial 2 h post-injection that was consistent circumferential blood pool tumor enhancement. Fluorescence microscopy of excised tumors corroborated the MR results and revealed enormous intratumor NP deposition on day 3 after IT but not IV treatment. Rhodamine-phospholipid incorporated into the PFC nanoparticle surfactant was distributed widely within the tumor on day 3, which is consistent with a hemifusion-based contact drug delivery mechanism previously reported. Fluorescence microscopy also revealed similar high concentrations of M-PFC NP given IT for metastatic Vx2 lung tumors. Biodistribution studies in mice revealed that M-PFC NP given IV distributed into the reticuloendothelial organs, whereas, the same dosage given IT was basically not detected beyond the lung itself. PFC NP given IT did not impact rabbit behavior or impair respiratory function. PFC NP effects on cells in culture were negligible and when given IV or IT no changes in rabbit hematology nor serum clinical chemistry parameters were measured. Conclusion: IT delivery of PFC NP offered unique opportunity to locally deliver PFC NP in high concentrations into lung cancers with minimal extratumor systemic exposure.
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Lanza GM, Jenkins J, Schmieder AH, Moldobaeva A, Cui G, Zhang H, Yang X, Zhong Q, Keupp J, Sergin I, Paranandi KS, Eldridge L, Allen JS, Williams T, Scott MJ, Razani B, Wagner EM. Anti-angiogenic Nanotherapy Inhibits Airway Remodeling and Hyper-responsiveness of Dust Mite Triggered Asthma in the Brown Norway Rat. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:377-389. [PMID: 28042341 PMCID: PMC5197071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although angiogenesis is a hallmark feature of asthmatic inflammatory responses, therapeutic anti-angiogenesis interventions have received little attention. Objective: Assess the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic Sn2 lipase-labile prodrugs delivered via αvβ3-micellar nanotherapy to suppress microvascular expansion, bronchial remodeling, and airway hyper-responsiveness in Brown Norway rats exposed to serial house dust mite (HDM) inhalation challenges. Results: Anti-neovascular effectiveness of αvβ3-mixed micelles incorporating docetaxel-prodrug (Dxtl-PD) or fumagillin-prodrug (Fum-PD) were shown to robustly suppress neovascular expansion (p<0.01) in the upper airways/bronchi of HDM rats using simultaneous 19F/1H MR neovascular imaging, which was corroborated by adjunctive fluorescent microscopy. Micelles without a drug payload (αvβ3-No-Drug) served as a carrier-only control. Morphometric measurements of HDM rat airway size (perimeter) and vessel number at 21d revealed classic vascular expansion in control rats but less vascularity (p<0.001) after the anti-angiogenic nanotherapies. CD31 RNA expression independently corroborated the decrease in airway microvasculature. Methacholine (MCh) induced respiratory system resistance (Rrs) was high in the HDM rats receiving αvβ3-No-Drug micelles while αvβ3-Dxtl-PD or αvβ3-Fum-PD micelles markedly and equivalently attenuated airway hyper-responsiveness and improved airway compliance. Total inflammatory BAL cells among HDM challenged rats did not differ with treatment, but αvβ3+ macrophages/monocytes were significantly reduced by both nanotherapies (p<0.001), most notably by the αvβ3-Dxtl-PD micelles. Additionally, αvβ3-Dxtl-PD decreased BAL eosinophil and αvβ3+ CD45+ leukocytes relative to αvβ3-No-Drug micelles, whereas αvβ3-Fum-PD micelles did not. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential of targeted anti-angiogenesis nanotherapy to ameliorate the inflammatory hallmarks of asthma in a clinically relevant rodent model.
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22
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Meyerspeer M, Magill AW, Kuehne A, Gruetter R, Moser E, Schmid AI. Simultaneous and interleaved acquisition of NMR signals from different nuclei with a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 2016. [PMID: 26608834 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modification of a clinical MRI scanner to enable simultaneous or rapid interleaved acquisition of signals from two different nuclei. METHODS A device was developed to modify the local oscillator signal fed to the receive channel(s) of an MRI console. This enables external modification of the frequency at which the receiver is sensitive and rapid switching between different frequencies. Use of the device was demonstrated with interleaved and simultaneous 31 P and 1 H spectroscopic acquisitions, and with interleaved 31 P and 1 H imaging. RESULTS Signal amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios were found to be unchanged for the modified system, compared with data acquired with the MRI system in the standard configuration. CONCLUSION Interleaved and simultaneous 1 H and 31 P signal acquisition was successfully demonstrated with a clinical MRI scanner, with only minor modification of the RF architecture. While demonstrated with 31 P, the modification is applicable to any detectable nucleus without further modification, enabling a wide range of simultaneous and interleaved experiments to be performed within a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 76:1636-1641, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Arthur W Magill
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andre Kuehne
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Ingo Schmid
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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23
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Marbourg JM, Bratasz A, Mo X, Popovich PG. Spinal Cord Injury Suppresses Cutaneous Inflammation: Implications for Peripheral Wound Healing. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1149-1155. [PMID: 27650169 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
People who suffer a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) are at increased risk for developing dermatological complications. These conditions increase cost of care, incidence of rehospitalization, and the risk for developing other infections. The consequences of dermatological complications after SCI are likely exacerbated further by post-injury deficits in neural-immune signaling. Indeed, a functional immune system is essential for optimal host defense and tissue repair. Here, we tested the hypothesis that SCI at high spinal levels, which causes systemic immune suppression, would suppress cutaneous inflammation below the level of injury. C57BL/6 mice received an SCI (T3 spinal level) or sham injury; then one day later complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected subcutaneously below the injury level. Inflammation was quantified by injecting mice with V-Sense, a perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer that selectively labels macrophages, followed by in vivo imaging. The total radiant efficiency, which is proportional to the number of macrophages, was measured over a 4-day period at the site of CFA injection. Fluorescent in vivo imaging revealed that throughout the analysis period, the macrophage reaction in SCI mice was reduced ∼50% compared with sham-injured mice. Radiant efficiency data were confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and together the data indicate that SCI significantly impairs subcutaneous inflammation. Future studies should determine whether enhancing local inflammation or boosting systemic immune function can improve the rate or efficiency of cutaneous wound healing in individuals with SCI. Doing so also could limit wound infections or secondary complications of impaired healing after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Marbourg
- 1 Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,4 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anna Bratasz
- 2 Small Animal Imaging Shared Resources, DHLRI, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- 3 Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- 1 Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,4 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,5 Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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24
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Kaggie JD, Sapkota N, Thapa B, Jeong K, Shi X, Morrell G, Bangerter NK, Jeong EK. Synchronous Radial 1H and 23Na Dual-Nuclear MRI on a Clinical MRI System, Equipped With a Broadband Transmit Channel. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART B, MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING 2016; 46B:191-201. [PMID: 31452649 PMCID: PMC6710097 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to synchronously acquire proton (1H) and sodium (23Na) image data on a 3T clinical MRI system within the same sequence, without internal modification of the clinical hardware, and to demonstrate synchronous acquisition with 1H/23Na-GRE imaging with Cartesian and radial k-space sampling. Synchronous dual-nuclear imaging was implemented by: mixing down the 1H signal so that both the 23Na and 1H signal were acquired at 23Na frequency by the conventional MRI system; interleaving 1H/23Na transmit pulses in both Cartesian and radial sequences; and using phase stabilization on the 1H signal to remove mixing effects. The synchronous 1H/23Na setup obtained images in half the time necessary to sequentially acquire the same 1H and 23Na images with the given setup and parameters. Dual-nuclear hardware and sequence modifications were used to acquire 23Na images within the same sequence as 1H images, without increases to the 1H acquisition time. This work demonstrates a viable technique to acquire 23Na image data without increasing 1H acquisition time using minor additional custom hardware, without requiring modification of a commercial scanner with multinuclear capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Kaggie
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabraj Sapkota
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bijaya Thapa
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyle Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Departmento f Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glen Morrell
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neal K. Bangerter
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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25
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Fox MS, Gaudet JM, Foster PJ. Fluorine-19 MRI Contrast Agents for Cell Tracking and Lung Imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2016; 8:53-67. [PMID: 27042089 PMCID: PMC4807887 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging stand to revolutionize imaging-based research and clinical trials in several fields of medical intervention. First, their use in characterizing in vivo cell behavior may help bring cellular therapy closer to clinical acceptance. Second, their use in lung imaging provides novel noninvasive interrogation of the ventilated airspaces without the need for complicated, hard-to-distribute hardware. This article reviews the current state of 19F-based cell tracking and lung imaging using magnetic resonance imaging and describes the link between the methods across these fields and how they may mutually benefit from solutions to mutual problems encountered when imaging 19F-containing compounds, as well as hardware and software advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Fox
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Gaudet
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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26
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Bangerter NK, Kaggie JD, Taylor MD, Hadley JR. Sodium MRI radiofrequency coils for body imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:107-118. [PMID: 26417667 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of high-field whole-body systems, advances in gradient performance and refinement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-efficient short-TE sequences suitable for sodium imaging have led to a resurgence of interest in sodium imaging for body applications. With this renewed interest has come increased demand for SNR-efficient sodium coils. Efficient coils can significantly increase SNR in sodium imaging, allowing higher resolutions and/or shorter scan times. In this work, we focus on body imaging applications of sodium MRI, and review developments in MRI radiofrequency (RF) coil topologies for sodium imaging. We first provide a brief discussion of RF coil design considerations in sodium imaging. This is followed by an overview of common coil topologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bangerter
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meredith D Taylor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - J Rock Hadley
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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27
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Schmieder AH, Caruthers SD, Keupp J, Wickline SA, Lanza GM. Recent Advances in 19Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Perfluorocarbon Emulsions. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2015; 1:475-489. [PMID: 27110430 PMCID: PMC4841681 DOI: 10.15302/j-eng-2015103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The research roots of 19fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imaging approaches, making magnetic resonance an indispensable pillar of biomedical diagnostic imaging. For many years during this timeframe, 19F imaging research continued at a slow pace as the various attributes of the technique were explored. However, over the last decade and particularly the last several years, the pace and clinical relevance of 19F imaging has exploded. In part, this is due to advances in MRI instrumentation, 19F/1H coil designs, and ultrafast pulse sequence development for both preclinical and clinical scanners. These achievements, coupled with interest in the molecular imaging of anatomy and physiology, and combined with a cadre of innovative agents, have brought the concept of 19F into early clinical evaluation. In this review, we attempt to provide a slice of this rich history of research and development, with a particular focus on liquid perfluorocarbon compound-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H. Schmieder
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medical, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shelton D. Caruthers
- Toshiba Medical Research Institute USA, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44143, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jochen Keupp
- Philips Research Hamburg, Hamburg 22335, Germany
| | - Samuel A. Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medical, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory M. Lanza
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medical, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence author.
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28
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Meyerspeer M, Magill AW, Kuehne A, Gruetter R, Moser E, Schmid AI. Simultaneous and interleaved acquisition of NMR signals from different nuclei with a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1636-1641. [PMID: 26608834 PMCID: PMC4996325 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Modification of a clinical MRI scanner to enable simultaneous or rapid interleaved acquisition of signals from two different nuclei. Methods A device was developed to modify the local oscillator signal fed to the receive channel(s) of an MRI console. This enables external modification of the frequency at which the receiver is sensitive and rapid switching between different frequencies. Use of the device was demonstrated with interleaved and simultaneous 31P and 1H spectroscopic acquisitions, and with interleaved 31P and 1H imaging. Results Signal amplitudes and signal‐to‐noise ratios were found to be unchanged for the modified system, compared with data acquired with the MRI system in the standard configuration. Conclusion Interleaved and simultaneous 1H and 31P signal acquisition was successfully demonstrated with a clinical MRI scanner, with only minor modification of the RF architecture. While demonstrated with 31P, the modification is applicable to any detectable nucleus without further modification, enabling a wide range of simultaneous and interleaved experiments to be performed within a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 76:1636–1641, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. .,MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. .,Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Arthur W Magill
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andre Kuehne
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Ingo Schmid
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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29
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de Bruin PW, Koken P, Versluis MJ, Aussenhofer SA, Meulenbelt I, Börnert P, Webb AG. Time-efficient interleaved human (23)Na and (1)H data acquisition at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1228-1235. [PMID: 26269329 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate a flexible and time-efficient interleaved imaging approach for the acquisition of proton and sodium images of the human knee at 7 T within a clinically relevant timescale. A flexible software framework was established which allowed the interleaving of multiple, different, fully specific absorption ratio (SAR)-validated scans. The system was able to switch between these different scans at flexible time points. The practical example presented consists of interleaved proton (Dixon imaging and T2* mapping) and sodium (mapping the sodium content and fluid-suppressed component separately) sequences with the key idea to perform proton MRI whilst the sodium nuclei relax towards thermal equilibrium, and vice versa. Comparisons were made between these four scans being acquired sequentially in the normal mode of scanner operation and those acquired in an interleaved fashion. Images acquired in the interleaved mode were very similar to those acquired in sequential scans with no image artifacts produced by the slight intra-sequence variation in steady-state magnetization. A reduction in scanning time of almost a factor of two was established using the interleaved scans, allowing such a protocol to be completed within 30 min. Phantom experiments and in vivo scans performed in healthy volunteers and in one patient proved the basic feasibility of this approach. This approach for the interleaving of multiple proton and sodium scans, each with different contrasts, is an efficient method for the design of new practical clinical protocols for sodium MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W de Bruin
- Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Koken
- Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Börnert
- Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew G Webb
- Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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30
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Gordon JW, Fain SB, Niles DJ, Ludwig KD, Johnson KM, Peterson ET. Simultaneous imaging of 13C metabolism and 1H structure: technical considerations and potential applications. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:576-582. [PMID: 25810146 PMCID: PMC4426883 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Real-time imaging of (13)C metabolism in vivo has been enabled by recent advances in hyperpolarization. As a result of the inherently low natural abundance of endogenous (13)C nuclei, hyperpolarized (13)C images lack structural information that could be used to aid in motion detection and anatomical registration. Motion before or during the (13)C acquisition can therefore result in artifacts and misregistration that may obscure measures of metabolism. In this work, we demonstrate a method to simultaneously image both (1)H and (13)C nuclei using a dual-nucleus spectral-spatial radiofrequency excitation and a fully coincident readout for rapid multinuclear spectroscopic imaging. With the appropriate multinuclear hardware, and the means to simultaneously excite and receive on both channels, this technique is straightforward to implement requiring little to no increase in scan time. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed with both Cartesian and spiral trajectories to validate and illustrate the utility of simultaneous acquisitions. Motion compensation of dynamic metabolic measurements acquired during free breathing was demonstrated using motion tracking derived from (1)H data. Simultaneous multinuclear imaging provides structural (1)H and metabolic (13)C images that are correlated both spatially and temporally, and are therefore amenable to joint (1)H and (13)C analysis and correction of structure-function images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Palekar RU, Jallouk AP, Goette MJ, Chen J, Myerson JW, Allen JS, Akk A, Yang L, Tu Y, Miller MJ, Pham CTN, Wickline SA, Pan H. Quantifying progression and regression of thrombotic risk in experimental atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2015; 29:3100-9. [PMID: 25857553 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no generally applicable noninvasive methods for defining the relationship between atherosclerotic vascular damage and risk of focal thrombosis. Herein, we demonstrate methods to delineate the progression and regression of vascular damage in response to an atherogenic diet by quantifying the in vivo accumulation of semipermeable 200-300 nm perfluorocarbon core nanoparticles (PFC-NP) in ApoE null mouse plaques with [(19)F] magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Permeability to PFC-NP remained minimal until 12 weeks on diet, then increased rapidly following 12 weeks, but regressed to baseline within 8 weeks after diet normalization. Markedly accelerated clotting (53.3% decrease in clotting time) was observed in carotid artery preparations of fat-fed mice subjected to photochemical injury as defined by the time to flow cessation. For all mice on and off diet, an inverse linear relationship was observed between the permeability to PFC-NP and accelerated thrombosis (P = 0.02). Translational feasibility for quantifying plaque permeability and vascular damage in vivo was demonstrated with clinical 3 T MRI of PFC-NP accumulating in plaques of atherosclerotic rabbits. These observations suggest that excessive permeability to PFC-NP may indicate prothrombotic risk in damaged atherosclerotic vasculature, which resolves within weeks after dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohun U Palekar
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew P Jallouk
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew J Goette
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John S Allen
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Antonina Akk
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lihua Yang
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christine T N Pham
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Srivastava AK, Kadayakkara DK, Bar-Shir A, Gilad AA, McMahon MT, Bulte JWM. Advances in using MRI probes and sensors for in vivo cell tracking as applied to regenerative medicine. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:323-36. [PMID: 26035841 PMCID: PMC4381332 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of molecular and cellular imaging allows molecules and cells to be visualized in vivo non-invasively. It has uses not only as a research tool but in clinical settings as well, for example in monitoring cell-based regenerative therapies, in which cells are transplanted to replace degenerating or damaged tissues, or to restore a physiological function. The success of such cell-based therapies depends on several critical issues, including the route and accuracy of cell transplantation, the fate of cells after transplantation, and the interaction of engrafted cells with the host microenvironment. To assess these issues, it is necessary to monitor transplanted cells non-invasively in real-time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a tool uniquely suited to this task, given its ability to image deep inside tissue with high temporal resolution and sensitivity. Extraordinary efforts have recently been made to improve cellular MRI as applied to regenerative medicine, by developing more advanced contrast agents for use as probes and sensors. These advances enable the non-invasive monitoring of cell fate and, more recently, that of the different cellular functions of living cells, such as their enzymatic activity and gene expression, as well as their time point of cell death. We present here a review of recent advancements in the development of these probes and sensors, and of their functioning, applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deepak K Kadayakkara
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Rahmer J, Halkola A, Gleich B, Schmale I, Borgert J. First experimental evidence of the feasibility of multi-color magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:1775-91. [PMID: 25658130 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/5/1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging is a new approach to visualizing magnetic nanoparticles. It is capable of 3D real-time in vivo imaging of particles injected into the blood stream and is a candidate for medical imaging applications. To date, only one particle type has been imaged at a time, however, the ability to separate signals acquired simultaneously from different particle types or from particles in different environments would substantially increase the scope of the method. Different colors could be assigned to different signal sources to allow for visualization in a single image. Successful signal separation has been reported in spectroscopic experiments, but it was unclear how well separation would work in conjunction with spatial encoding in an imaging experiment. This work presents experimental evidence of the separability of signals from different particle types and aggregation states (fluid versus powder) using a 'multi-color' reconstruction approach. Several mechanisms are discussed that may form the basis for successful signal separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rahmer
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Röntgenstraße 24-26, D-22315 Hamburg, Germany
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Goette MJ, Lanza GM, Caruthers SD, Wickline SA. Improved quantitative (19) F MR molecular imaging with flip angle calibration and B1 -mapping compensation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 42:488-94. [PMID: 25425244 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve (19) F flip angle calibration and compensate for B1 inhomogeneities in quantitative (19) F MRI of sparse molecular epitopes with perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticle (NP) emulsion contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flip angle sweep experiments on PFC-NP point source phantoms with three custom-designed (19) F/(1) H dual-tuned coils revealed a difference in required power settings for (19) F and (1) H nuclei, which was used to calculate a calibration ratio specific for each coil. An image-based correction technique was developed using B1 -field mapping on (1) H to correct for (19) F and (1) H images in two phantom experiments. RESULTS Optimized (19) F peak power differed significantly from that of (1) H power for each coil (P < 0.05). A ratio of (19) F/(1) H power settings yielded a coil-specific and spatially independent calibration value (surface: 1.48 ± 0.06; semicylindrical: 1.71 ± 0.02, single-turn-solenoid: 1.92 ± 0.03). (1) H-image-based B1 correction equalized the signal intensity of (19) F images for two identical (19) F PFC-NP samples placed in different parts of the field, which were offset significantly by ~66% (P < 0.001), before correction. CONCLUSION (19) F flip angle calibration and B1 -mapping compensations to the (19) F images employing the more abundant (1) H signal as a basis for correction resulted in a significant change in the quantification of sparse (19) F MR signals from targeted PFC NP emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shelton D Caruthers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Tirotta I, Dichiarante V, Pigliacelli C, Cavallo G, Terraneo G, Bombelli FB, Metrangolo P, Resnati G. (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): from design of materials to clinical applications. Chem Rev 2014; 115:1106-29. [PMID: 25329814 DOI: 10.1021/cr500286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tirotta
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" and ‡Fondazione Centro Europeo Nanomedicina, Politecnico di Milano , Milan 20131, Italy
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Chenoune M, De Rochefort L, Bruneval P, Lidouren F, Kohlhauer M, Seemann A, Ghaleh B, Korn M, Dubuisson RM, Ben Yahmed A, Maître X, Isabey D, Ricard JD, Kerber RE, Darrasse L, Berdeaux A, Tissier R. Evaluation of lung recovery after static administration of three different perfluorocarbons in pigs. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15:53. [PMID: 25253660 PMCID: PMC4177717 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respiratory properties of perfluorocarbons (PFC) have been widely studied for liquid ventilation in humans and animals. Several PFC were tested but their tolerance may depend on the species. Here, the effects of a single administration of liquid PFC into pig lungs were assessed and compared. Three different PFC having distinct evaporative and spreading coefficient properties were evaluated (Perfluorooctyl bromide [PFOB], perfluorodecalin [PFD] and perfluoro-N-octane [PFOC]). METHODS Pigs were anesthetized and submitted to mechanical ventilation. They randomly received an intra-tracheal administration of 15 ml/kg of either PFOB, PFD or PFOC with 12 h of mechanical ventilation before awakening and weaning from ventilation. A Control group was submitted to mechanical ventilation with no PFC administration. All animals were followed during 4 days after the initial PFC administration to investigate gas exchanges and clinical recovery. They were ultimately euthanized for histological analyses and assessment of PFC residual concentrations within the lungs using dual nuclei fluorine and hydrogen Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Sixteen animals were included (4/group). RESULTS In the PFD group, animals tended to be hypoxemic after awakening. In PFOB and PFOC groups, blood gases were not significantly different from the Control group after awakening. The poor tolerance of PFD was likely related to a large amount of residual PFC, as observed using MRI in all lung samples (≈10% of lung volume). This percentage was lower in the PFOB group (≈1%) but remained significantly greater than in the Control group. In the PFOC group, the percentage of residual PFC was not significantly different from that of the Control group (≈0.1%). Histologically, the most striking feature was an alveolar infiltration with foam macrophages, especially in the groups treated by PFD or PFOB. CONCLUSIONS Of the three tested perfluorocarbons, PFOC offered the best tolerance in terms of lung function, gas exchanges and residuum in the lung. PFOC was rapidly cleared from the lungs and virtually disappeared after 4 days whereas PFOB persisted at significant levels and led to foam macrophage infiltration. PFOC could be relevant for short term total liquid ventilation with a rapid weaning.
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Ahrens ET, Helfer BM, O'Hanlon CF, Schirda C. Clinical cell therapy imaging using a perfluorocarbon tracer and fluorine-19 MRI. Magn Reson Med 2014; 72:1696-701. [PMID: 25241945 PMCID: PMC4253123 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular therapeutics are emerging as a treatment option for a host of serious human diseases. To accelerate clinical translation, noninvasive imaging of cell grafts in clinical trials can potentially be used to assess the initial delivery and behavior of cells. METHODS The use of a perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer agent for clinical fluorine-19 ((19) F) MRI cell detection is described. This technology was used to detect immunotherapeutic dendritic cells (DCs) delivered to colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Autologous DC vaccines were labeled with a PFC MRI agent ex vivo. Patients received DCs intradermally, and (19) F spin-density-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla (T) was used to observe cells. RESULTS Spin-density-weighted (19) F images at the injection site displayed DCs as background-free "hot-spot" images. (19) F images were acquired in clinically relevant scan times (<10 min). Apparent DC numbers could be quantified in two patients from the (19) F hot-spots and were observed to decrease by ∼50% at injection site by 24 h. From 3T phantom studies, the sensitivity limit for DC detection is estimated to be on the order of ∼10(5) cells/voxel in this study. CONCLUSION These results help to establish a clinically applicable means to track a broad range of cell types used in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Goette MJ, Keupp J, Rahmer J, Lanza GM, Wickline SA, Caruthers SD. Balanced UTE-SSFP for 19F MR imaging of complex spectra. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:537-43. [PMID: 25163853 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel technique for highly sensitive detection of multiresonant fluorine imaging agents was designed and tested with the use of dual-frequency 19F/1H ultrashort echo times (UTE) sampled with a balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequence and three-dimensional (3D) radial readout. METHODS Feasibility of 3D radial balanced UTE-SSFP imaging was demonstrated for a phantom comprising liquid perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB). Sensitivity of the pulse sequence was measured and compared with other sequences imaging the PFOB (CF2 )6 line group including UTE radial gradient-echo (GRE) at α = 30°, as well as Cartesian GRE, balanced SSFP, and fast spin-echo (FSE). The PFOB CF3 peak was also sampled with FSE. RESULTS The proposed balanced UTE-SSFP technique exhibited a relative detection sensitivity of 51 μmolPFOB(-1) min(-1/2) (α = 30°), at least twice that of other sequence types with either 3D radial (UTE GRE: 20 μmolPFOB(-1) min(-1/2) ) or Cartesian k-space filling (GRE: 12 μmolPFOB(-1) min(-1/2) ; FSE: 16 μmolPFOB(-1) min(-1/2) ; balanced SSFP: 23 μmolPFOB(-1) min(-1/2) ). In vivo imaging of angiogenesis-targeted PFOB nanoparticles was demonstrated in a rabbit model of cancer on a clinical 3 Tesla scanner. CONCLUSION A new dual 19F/1H balanced UTE-SSFP sequence manifests high SNR, with detection sensitivity more than two-fold better than traditional techniques, and alleviates imaging problems caused by dephasing in complex spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shelton D Caruthers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wagner EM, Jenkins J, Schmieder A, Eldridge L, Zhang Q, Moldobaeva A, Zhang H, Allen JS, Yang X, Mitzner W, Keupp J, Caruthers SD, Wickline SA, Lanza GM. Angiogenesis and airway reactivity in asthmatic Brown Norway rats. Angiogenesis 2014; 18:1-11. [PMID: 25149641 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Expanded and aberrant bronchial vascularity, a prominent feature of the chronic asthmatic airway, might explain persistent airway wall edema and sustained leukocyte recruitment. Since it is well established that there are causal relationships between exposure to house dust mite (HDM) and the development of asthma, determining the effects of HDM in rats, mammals with a bronchial vasculature similar to humans, provides an opportunity to study the effects of bronchial angiogenesis on airway function directly. We studied rats exposed bi-weekly to HDM (Der p 1; 50 μg/challenge by intranasal aspiration, 1, 2, 3 weeks) and measured the time course of appearance of increased blood vessels within the airway wall. Results demonstrated that within 3 weeks of HDM exposure, the number of vessels counted within airway walls of bronchial airways (0.5-3 mm perimeter) increased significantly. These vascular changes were accompanied by increased airway responsiveness to methacholine. A shorter exposure regimen (2 weeks of bi-weekly exposure) was insufficient to cause a significant increase in functional vessels or reactivity. Yet, 19F/1H MR imaging at 3T following αvβ3-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticle infusion revealed a significant increase in 19F signal in rat airways after 2 weeks of bi-weekly HDM, suggesting earlier activation of the process of neovascularization. Although many antigen-induced mouse models exist, mice lack a bronchial vasculature and consequently lack the requisite human parallels to study bronchial edema. Overall, our results provide an important new model to study the impact of bronchial angiogenesis on chronic inflammation and airways hyperreactivity.
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MR cholangiography demonstrates unsuspected rapid biliary clearance of nanoparticles in rodents: implications for clinical translation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1385-8. [PMID: 24832959 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to their small size, lower cost, short reproduction cycle, and genetic manipulation, rodents have been widely used to test the safety and efficacy for pharmaceutical development in human disease. In this report, MR cholangiography demonstrated an unexpected rapid (<5 min) biliary elimination of gadolinium-perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (approximately 250 nm diameter) into the common bile duct and small intestine of rats, which is notably different from nanoparticle clearance patterns in larger animals and humans. Unawareness of this dissimilarity in nanoparticle clearance mechanisms between small animals and humans may lead to fundamental errors in predicting nanoparticle efficacy, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, bioelimination, and toxicity. From the clinical editor: Comprehensive understanding of nanoparticle clearance is a clear prerequisite for human applications of nanomedicine-based therapeutic approaches. Through a novel use of MR cholangiography, this study demonstrates unusually rapid hepatic clearance of gadolinium-perfluorocarbon nanoparticles in rodents, in a pattern that is different than what is observed in larger animals and humans, raising awareness of important differences between common rodent-based models and larger mammals.
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Chen J, Pan H, Lanza GM, Wickline SA. Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for physiological and molecular imaging and therapy. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2013; 20:466-78. [PMID: 24206599 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review the use of non-nephrotoxic perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC NPs) for noninvasive detection and therapy of kidney diseases, and we provide a synopsis of other related literature pertinent to their anticipated clinical application. Recent reports indicate that PFC NPs allow for quantitative mapping of kidney perfusion and oxygenation after ischemia-reperfusion injury with the use of a novel multinuclear (1)H/(19)F magnetic resonance imaging approach. Furthermore, when conjugated with targeting ligands, the functionalized PFC NPs offer unique and quantitative capabilities for imaging inflammation in the kidney of atherosclerotic ApoE-null mice. In addition, PFC NPs can facilitate drug delivery for treatment of inflammation, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in selected conditions that are comorbidities for kidney failure. The excellent safety profile of PFC NPs with respect to kidney injury positions these nanomedicine approaches as promising diagnostic and therapeutic candidates for treating and following acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Chan KWY, Bulte JWM, McMahon MT. Diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (diaCEST) liposomes: physicochemical properties and imaging applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 6:111-24. [PMID: 24339357 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a new type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast based on labile spins which rapidly exchange with solvent, resulting in an amplification of signal which allows detection of solute protons at millimolar to micromolar concentrations. An additional feature of these agents is that natural organic and biodegradable compounds can provide strong CEST contrast, allowing the development of diamagnetic CEST (diaCEST) MRI contrast agents. The sensitivity of the CEST approach per unit of agent increases further when diaCEST contrast agents are loaded into liposomes to become diaCEST liposomes. In this review, we will discuss the unique and favorable features of diaCEST liposomes which are well suited for in vivo imaging. diaCEST liposomes are nanocarriers which feature high concentrations of encapsulated contrast material, controlled release of payload, and an adjustable coating for passive or active tumor targeting. These liposomes have water permeable bilayers and both the interior and exterior can be fine-tuned for many biomedical applications. Furthermore, a number of liposome formulations are used in the clinic including Doxil™, which is an approved product for treating patients with cancer for decades, rapid translation of these materials can be envisaged. diaCEST liposomes have shown promise in imaging of cancer, and monitoring of chemotherapy and cell transplants. The unique features of diaCEST liposomes are discussed to provide an overview of the applications currently envisioned for this new technology and to provide an overall insight of their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannie W Y Chan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
The increasing complexity of in vivo imaging technologies, coupled with the development of cell therapies, has fuelled a revolution in immune cell tracking in vivo. Powerful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are now being developed that use iron oxide- and ¹⁹F-based probes. These MRI technologies can be used for image-guided immune cell delivery and for the visualization of immune cell homing and engraftment, inflammation, cell physiology and gene expression. MRI-based cell tracking is now also being applied to evaluate therapeutics that modulate endogenous immune cell recruitment and to monitor emerging cellular immunotherapies. These recent uses show that MRI has the potential to be developed in many applications to follow the fate of immune cells in vivo.
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Hu L, Chen J, Yang X, Senpan A, Allen JS, Yanaba N, Caruthers SD, Lanza GM, Hammerman MR, Wickline SA. Assessing intrarenal nonperfusion and vascular leakage in acute kidney injury with multinuclear (1) H/(19) F MRI and perfluorocarbon nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:2186-96. [PMID: 23929727 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to develop a unique sensor-reporter approach for functional kidney imaging that employs circulating perfluorocarbon nanoparticles and multinuclear (1) H/(19) F MRI. METHODS (19) F spin density weighted and T1 weighted images were used to generate quantitative functional mappings of both healthy and ischemia-reperfusion (acute kidney injury) injured mouse kidneys. (1) H blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) MRI was also employed as a supplementary approach to facilitate the comprehensive analysis of renal circulation and its pathological changes in acute kidney injury. RESULTS Heterogeneous blood volume distributions and intrarenal oxygenation gradients were confirmed in healthy kidneys by (19) F MRI. In a mouse model of acute kidney injury, (19) F MRI, in conjunction with blood-oxygenation-level-dependent MRI, sensitively delineated renal vascular damage and recovery. In the cortico-medullary junction region, we observed 25% lower (19) F signal (P < 0.05) and 70% longer (1) H T2* (P < 0.01) in injured kidneys compared with contralateral kidneys at 24 h after initial ischemia-reperfusion injury. We also detected 71% higher (19) F signal (P < 0.01) and 40% lower (1) H T2* (P < 0.05) in the renal medulla region of injured kidneys compared with contralateral uninjured kidneys. CONCLUSION Integrated (1) H/(19) F MRI using perfluorocarbon nanoparticles provides a multiparametric readout of regional perfusion defects in acutely injured kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Hu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Schmieder AH, Wang K, Zhang H, Senpan A, Pan D, Keupp J, Caruthers SD, Wickline SA, Shen B, Wagner EM, Lanza GM. Characterization of early neovascular response to acute lung ischemia using simultaneous (19)F/ (1)H MR molecular imaging. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:51-60. [PMID: 23918207 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important constituent of many inflammatory pulmonary diseases, which has been unappreciated until recently. Early neovascular expansion in the lungs in preclinical models and patients is very difficult to assess noninvasively, particularly quantitatively. The present study demonstrated that (19)F/(1)H MR molecular imaging with αvβ3-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles can be used to directly measure neovascularity in a rat left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL) model, which was employed to create pulmonary ischemia and induce angiogenesis. In rats 3 days after LPAL, simultaneous (19)F/(1)H MR imaging at 3T revealed a marked (19)F signal in animals 2 h following αvβ3-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles [(19)F signal (normalized to background) = 0.80 ± 0.2] that was greater (p = 0.007) than the non-targeted (0.30 ± 0.04) and the sham-operated (0.07 ± 0.09) control groups. Almost no (19)F signal was found in control right lung with any treatment. Competitive blockade of the integrin-targeted particles greatly decreased the (19)F signal (p = 0.002) and was equivalent to the non-targeted control group. Fluorescent and light microscopy illustrated heavy decorating of vessel walls in and around large bronchi and large pulmonary vessels. Focal segmental regions of neovessel expansion were also noted in the lung periphery. Our results demonstrate that (19)F/(1)H MR molecular imaging with αvβ3-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles provides a means to assess the extent of systemic neovascularization in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Schmieder
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8215, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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Bartusik D, Tomanek B. Detection of (19)F-labeled biopharmaceuticals in cell cultures with magnetic resonance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1056-64. [PMID: 23603212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) studies of the therapeutic efficacy of fluorinated drugs have recently become possible due to improvements in detection including the application of very strong magnetic fields up to 9.4Tesla (T). These advances allow tracking, identification, and quantification of (19)F-labeled biopharmaceuticals using (19)F MR imaging ((19)F MRI) and spectroscopy ((19)F MRS). Both techniques are noninvasive, are nondestructive, and enable serial measurements. They also allow for controlled and systematic studies of cellular metabolism in cancerous tissue in vivo (small animals and humans) and in vitro (body fluids, cells culture, tissue extracts and isolated tissues). Here we provide an overview of the (19)F MRI and (19)F MRS techniques used for tracking (19)F labeled anticancer chemotherapeutics and antibodies which allow quantification of drug uptake in cancer cells in vitro.
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Ahrens ET, Zhong J. In vivo MRI cell tracking using perfluorocarbon probes and fluorine-19 detection. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:860-71. [PMID: 23606473 PMCID: PMC3893103 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a brief review of preclinical in vivo cell-tracking methods and applications using perfluorocarbon (PFC) probes and fluorine-19 ((19) F) MRI detection. Detection of the (19) F signal offers high cell specificity and quantification ability in spin density-weighted MR images. We discuss the compositions of matter, methods and applications of PFC-based cell tracking using ex vivo and in situ PFC labeling in preclinical studies of inflammation and cellular therapeutics. We also address the potential applicability of (19) F cell tracking to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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48
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Clinical Perspectives of Hybrid Proton-Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Invest Radiol 2013; 48:341-50. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318277528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yu JX, Hallac RR, Chiguru S, Mason RP. New frontiers and developing applications in 19F NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 70:25-49. [PMID: 23540575 PMCID: PMC3613763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Yu
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rami R. Hallac
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Srinivas Chiguru
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Hahn T, Kozerke S, Schwizer W, Fried M, Boesiger P, Steingoetter A. Real-time multipoint gastrointestinal 19-fluorine catheter tracking. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:302-7. [PMID: 23400935 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop MR based real-time gastrointestinal 19-Fluorine (19F) catheter tracking and visualization allowing for real-time detection and feedback of 3D catheter shape and movement as well as catheter-driven adjustments of 1H imaging geometry parameters. METHODS Data were acquired on a 3T clinical system using 3D Golden Angle radial sampling. Two gastrointestinal catheters incorporating four fiducial 19F markers (65 or 50 µL marker volume) were tracked while being pulled through a gel phantom by an operator inside the MR room with velocities of 2-18 mm/s. During continuous acquisition, k-space profiles were transferred in real-time to an external computer for concurrent reconstruction of 3D 19F images and detection and visualization of marker positions. Based on αthe marker positions, automatic adjustments of 1H imaging planes to facilitate targeted anatomical scanning was implemented. RESULTS Mean tracking reliabilities were 94.5 and 83.6% (catheters 1 and 2) for temporal resolutions 185-740 ms. Reconstruction times of 196 ms were achieved. Real-time visual feedback allowed the operator to accurately control the catheter movement. Catheter-guidance for 1H imaging was reliable. CONCLUSION The presented real-time 19F MR based framework for the tracking of 19F labeled devices is applicable to combined 19F and 1H MRI guidance of gastrointestinal devices in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hahn
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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