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T AR, K K, Paul JS. Unveiling metabolic patterns in dementia: Insights from high-resolution quantitative blood-oxygenation-level-dependent MRI. Med Phys 2024; 51:6002-6019. [PMID: 38888202 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and deoxyhemoglobin (DoHb) levels reflect variations in cerebral oxygen metabolism in demented patients. PURPOSE Delineating the metabolic profiles evident throughout different phases of dementia necessitates an integrated analysis of OEF and DoHb levels. This is enabled by leveraging high-resolution quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent (qBOLD) analysis of magnitude images obtained from a multi-echo gradient-echo MRI (mGRE) scan performed on a 3.0 Tesla scanner. METHODS Achieving superior spatial resolution in qBOLD necessitates the utilization of an mGRE scan with only four echoes, which in turn limits the number of measurements compared to the parameters within the qBOLD model. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discard non-essential parameters to facilitate further analysis. This process entails transforming the qBOLD model into a format suitable for fitting the log-magnitude difference (L-MDif) profiles of the four echo magnitudes present in each brain voxel. In order to bolster spatial specificity, the log-difference qBOLD model undergoes refinement into a representative form, termed as r-qBOLD, particularly when applied to class-averaged L-MDif signals derived through k-means clustering of L-MDif signals from all brain voxels into a predetermined number of clusters. The agreement between parameters estimated using r-qBOLD for different cluster sizes is validated using Bland-Altman analysis, and the model's goodness-of-fit is evaluated using aχ 2 ${\chi ^2}$ -test. Retrospective MRI data of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and non-demented patients without neuropathological disorders, pacemakers, other implants, or psychiatric disorders, who completed a minimum of three visits prior to MRI enrolment, are utilized for the study. RESULTS Utilizing a cohort comprising 30 demented patients aged 65-83 years in stages 4-6 representing mild, moderate, and severe stages according to the clinical dementia rating (CDR), matched with an age-matched non-demented control group of 18 individuals, we conducted joint observations of OEF and DoHb levels estimated using r-qBOLD. The observations elucidate metabolic signatures in dementia based on OEF and DoHb levels in each voxel. Our principal findings highlight the significance of spatial patterns of metabolic profiles (metabolic patterns) within two distinct regimes: OEF levels exceeding the normal range (S1-regime), and OEF levels below the normal range (S2-regime). The S1-regime, accompanied by low DoHb levels, predominantly manifests in fronto-parietal and perivascular regions with increase in dementia severity. Conversely, the S2-regime, accompanied by low DoHb levels, is observed in medial temporal (MTL) regions. Other regions with abnormal metabolic patterns included the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial-orbital prefrontal cortex (MOPFC), hypothalamus, ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), and retrosplenial cortex (RSP). Dysfunction in the OFC and MOPFC indicated cognitive and emotional impairment, while hypothalamic involvement potentially indicated preclinical dementia. Reduced metabolic activity in the RSP suggested early-stage AD related functional abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Integrated analysis of OEF and DoHb levels using r-qBOLD reveals distinct metabolic signatures across dementia phases, highlighting regions susceptible to neuronal loss, vascular involvement, and preclinical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Raj T
- Division of Medical Informatics, School of Informatics, Kerala University of Digital Sciences Innovation & Technology (DUK), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Karthik K
- Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Joseph Suresh Paul
- Division of Medical Informatics, School of Informatics, Kerala University of Digital Sciences Innovation & Technology (DUK), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Biondetti E, Cho J, Lee H. Cerebral oxygen metabolism from MRI susceptibility. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120189. [PMID: 37230206 PMCID: PMC10335841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of MRI methods exploiting magnetic susceptibility properties of blood to assess cerebral oxygen metabolism, including the tissue oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). The first section is devoted to describing blood magnetic susceptibility and its effect on the MRI signal. Blood circulating in the vasculature can have diamagnetic (oxyhemoglobin) or paramagnetic properties (deoxyhemoglobin). The overall balance between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin determines the induced magnetic field which, in turn, modulates the transverse relaxation decay of the MRI signal via additional phase accumulation. The following sections of this review then illustrate the principles underpinning susceptibility-based techniques for quantifying OEF and CMRO2. Here, it is detailed whether these techniques provide global (OxFlow) or local (Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping - QSM, calibrated BOLD - cBOLD, quantitative BOLD - qBOLD, QSM+qBOLD) measurements of OEF or CMRO2, and what signal components (magnitude or phase) and tissue pools they consider (intravascular or extravascular). Validations studies and potential limitations of each method are also described. The latter include (but are not limited to) challenges in the experimental setup, the accuracy of signal modeling, and assumptions on the measured signal. The last section outlines the clinical uses of these techniques in healthy aging and neurodegenerative diseases and contextualizes these reports relative to results from gold-standard PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Biondetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyunyeol Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Li H, Wang C, Yu X, Luo Y, Wang H. Measurement of Cerebral Oxygen Extraction Fraction Using Quantitative BOLD Approach: A Review. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:101-118. [PMID: 36939794 PMCID: PMC9883382 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of brain oxygenation and metabolism, both of which are indicators of the level of brain activity, plays a vital role in understanding the cerebral perfusion and the pathophysiology of brain disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a widely used clinical imaging technique, which is very sensitive to magnetic susceptibility, has the possibility of substituting positron emission tomography (PET) in measuring oxygen metabolism. This review mainly focuses on the quantitative blood oxygenation level-dependent (qBOLD) method for the evaluation of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in the brain. Here, we review the theoretic basis of qBOLD, as well as existing acquisition and quantification methods. Some published clinical studies are also presented, and the pros and cons of qBOLD method are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xuchen Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434 China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200433 China
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4
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Li W, Xu F, Zhu D, van Zijl PCM, Qin Q. T 2 -oximetry-based cerebral venous oxygenation mapping using Fourier-transform-based velocity-selective pulse trains. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1292-1302. [PMID: 35608208 PMCID: PMC9247032 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a T2‐oximetry method for quantitative mapping of cerebral venous oxygenation fraction (Yv) using Fourier‐transform–based velocity‐selective (FT‐VS) pulse trains. Methods The venous isolation preparation was achieved by using an FT‐VS inversion plus a nonselective inversion (NSI) pulse to null the arterial blood signal while minimally affected capillary blood flows out into the venular vasculature during the outflow time (TO), and then applying an Fourier transform based velocity selective saturation (FT‐VSS) pulse to suppress the tissue signal. A multi‐echo readout was employed to obtain venous T2 (T2,v) efficiently with the last echo used to detect the residual CSF signal and correct its contamination in the fitting. Here we compared the performance of this FT‐VS–based venous isolation preparations with a traditional velocity‐selective saturation (VSS)–based approach (quantitative imaging of extraction of oxygen and tissue consumption [QUIXOTIC]) with different cutoff velocities for Yv mapping on 6 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. Results The FT‐VS–based methods yielded higher venous blood signal and temporal SNR with less CSF contamination than the velocity‐selective saturation–based results. The averaged Yv values across the whole slice measured in different experiments were close to the global Yv measured from the individual internal jugular vein. Conclusion The feasibility of the FT‐VS–based Yv estimation was demonstrated on healthy volunteers. The obtained high venous signal as well as the mitigation of CSF contamination led to a good agreement between the T2,v and Yv measured in the proposed method with the values in the literature. Click here for author‐reader discussions
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Jiang D, Lu H. Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction MRI: Techniques and applications. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:575-600. [PMID: 35510696 PMCID: PMC9233013 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human brain constitutes 2% of the body's total mass but uses 20% of the oxygen. The rate of the brain's oxygen utilization can be derived from a knowledge of cerebral blood flow and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Therefore, OEF is a key physiological parameter of the brain's function and metabolism. OEF has been suggested to be a useful biomarker in a number of brain diseases. With recent advances in MRI techniques, several MRI-based methods have been developed to measure OEF in the human brain. These MRI OEF techniques are based on the T2 of blood, the blood signal phase, the magnetic susceptibility of blood-containing voxels, the effect of deoxyhemoglobin on signal behavior in extravascular tissue, and the calibration of the BOLD signal using gas inhalation. Compared to 15 O PET, which is considered the "gold standard" for OEF measurement, MRI-based techniques are non-invasive, radiation-free, and are more widely available. This article provides a review of these emerging MRI-based OEF techniques. We first briefly introduce the role of OEF in brain oxygen homeostasis. We then review the methodological aspects of different categories of MRI OEF techniques, including their signal mechanisms, acquisition methods, and data analyses. The strengths and limitations of the techniques are discussed. Finally, we review key applications of these techniques in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Lundberg A, Lind E, Olsson H, Helms G, Knutsson L, Wirestam R. Comparison of MRI methods for measuring whole‐brain oxygen extraction fraction under different geometric conditions at 7T. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:442-458. [PMID: 35128747 PMCID: PMC9305937 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lundberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Emelie Lind
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Hampus Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland United States
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
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7
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Cho J, Zhang J, Spincemaille P, Zhang H, Hubertus S, Wen Y, Jafari R, Zhang S, Nguyen TD, Dimov AV, Gupta A, Wang Y. QQ-NET - using deep learning to solve quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative blood oxygen level dependent magnitude (QSM+qBOLD or QQ) based oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1583-1594. [PMID: 34719059 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve accuracy and speed of quantitative susceptibility mapping plus quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent magnitude (QSM+qBOLD or QQ) -based oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping using a deep neural network (QQ-NET). METHODS The 3D multi-echo gradient echo images were acquired in 34 ischemic stroke patients and 4 healthy subjects. Arterial spin labeling and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were also performed in the patients. NET was developed to solve the QQ model inversion problem based on Unet. QQ-based OEF maps were reconstructed with previously introduced temporal clustering, tissue composition, and total variation (CCTV) and NET. The results were compared in simulation, ischemic stroke patients, and healthy subjects using a two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. RESULTS In the simulation, QQ-NET provided more accurate and precise OEF maps than QQ-CCTV with 150 times faster reconstruction speed. In the subacute stroke patients, OEF from QQ-NET had greater contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between DWI-defined lesions and their unaffected contralateral normal tissue than with QQ-CCTV: 1.9 ± 1.3 vs 6.6 ± 10.7 (p = 0.03). In healthy subjects, both QQ-CCTV and QQ-NET provided uniform OEF maps. CONCLUSION QQ-NET improves the accuracy of QQ-based OEF with faster reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Simon Hubertus
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ramin Jafari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexey V Dimov
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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8
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Wei Z, Xu J, Chen L, Hirschler L, Barbier EL, Li T, Wong PC, Lu H. Brain metabolism in tau and amyloid mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: An MRI study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4568. [PMID: 34050996 PMCID: PMC9574887 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly individuals. According to the current biomarker framework for "unbiased descriptive classification", biomarkers of neurodegeneration, "N", constitute a critical component in the tri-category "A/T/N" system. Current biomarkers of neurodegeneration suffer from potential drawbacks such as requiring invasive lumbar puncture, involving ionizing radiation, or representing a late, irreversible marker. Recent human studies have suggested that reduced brain oxygen metabolism may be a new functional marker of neurodegeneration in AD, but the heterogeneity and the presence of mixed pathology in human patients did not allow a full understanding of the role of oxygen extraction and metabolism in AD. In this report, global brain oxygen metabolism and related physiological parameters were studied in two AD mouse models with relatively pure pathology, using advanced MRI techniques including T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) and phase contrast (PC) MRI. Additionally, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined with pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling. Reduced global oxygen extraction fraction (by -18.7%, p = 0.008), unit-mass cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) (by -17.4%, p = 0.04) and total CMRO2 (by -30.8%, p < 0.001) were observed in Tau4RΔK mice-referred to as the tau AD model-which manifested pronounced neurodegeneration, as measured by diminished brain volume (by -15.2%, p < 0.001). Global and regional CBF in these mice were not different from those of wild-type mice (p > 0.05), suggesting normal vascular function. By contrast, in B6;SJL-Tg [APPSWE]2576Kha (APP) mice-referred to as the amyloid AD model-no brain volume reduction, as well as relatively intact brain oxygen extraction and metabolism, were found (p > 0.05). Consistent with the imaging data, behavioral measures of walking distance were impaired in Tau4RΔK mice (p = 0.004), but not in APP mice (p = 0.88). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that noninvasive MRI measurement of brain oxygen metabolism may be a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel L. Barbier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cho J, Lee J, An H, Goyal MS, Su Y, Wang Y. Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF): Comparison of challenge-free gradient echo QSM+qBOLD (QQ) with 15O PET in healthy adults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1658-1668. [PMID: 33243071 PMCID: PMC8221765 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20973951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to validate oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) estimations by quantitative susceptibility mapping plus quantitative blood oxygen-level dependence (QSM+qBOLD, or QQ) using 15O-PET. In ten healthy adult brains, PET and MRI were acquired simultaneously on a PET/MR scanner. PET was acquired using C[15O], O[15O], and H2[15O]. Image-derived arterial input functions and standard models of oxygen metabolism provided quantification of PET. MRI included T1-weighted imaging, time-of-flight angiography, and multi-echo gradient-echo imaging that was processed for QQ. Region of interest (ROI) analyses compared PET OEF and QQ OEF. In ROI analyses, the averaged OEF differences between PET and QQ were generally small and statistically insignificant. For whole brains, the average and standard deviation of OEF was 32.8 ± 6.7% for PET; OEF was 34.2 ± 2.6% for QQ. Bland-Altman plots quantified agreement between PET OEF and QQ OEF. The interval between the 95% limits of agreement was 16.9 ± 4.0% for whole brains. Our validation study suggests that respiratory challenge-free QQ-OEF mapping may be useful for non-invasive clinical assessment of regional OEF impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - John Lee
- Mallinkckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Hongyu An
- Mallinkckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Mallinkckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Computational Image Analysis, Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
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10
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Cho J, Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Gupta A, Wang Y. Temporal clustering, tissue composition, and total variation for mapping oxygen extraction fraction using QSM and quantitative BOLD. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2635-2646. [PMID: 34110656 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the accuracy of quantitative susceptibility mapping plus quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent magnitude (QSM+qBOLD or QQ) based mapping of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) using temporal clustering, tissue composition, and total variation (CCTV). METHODS Three-dimensional multi-echo gradient echo and arterial spin labeling images were acquired from 11 healthy subjects and 33 ischemic stroke patients. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was also obtained from patients. The CCTV mapping was developed for incorporating tissue-type information into clustering of the previous cluster analysis of time evolution (CAT) and applying total variation (TV). The QQ-based OEF and CMRO2 were reconstructed with CAT, CAT+TV (CATV), and the proposed CCTV, and results were compared using region-of-interest analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, and post hoc Wilcoxson rank sum test. RESULTS In simulation, CCTV provided more accurate and precise OEF than CAT or CATV. In healthy subjects, QQ-based OEF was less noisy and more uniform with CCTV than CAT. In subacute stroke patients, OEF with CCTV had a greater contrast-to-noise ratio between DWI-defined lesions and the unaffected contralateral side than with CAT or CATV: 1.9 ± 1.3 versus 1.1 ± 0.7 (P = .01) versus 0.7 ± 0.5 (P < .001). CONCLUSION The CCTV mapping significantly improves the robustness of QQ-based OEF against noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Ebrahimi T, Tafakhori A, Hashemi H, Ali Oghabian M. An interictal measurement of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction in MRI-negative refractory epilepsy using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Phys Med 2021; 85:87-97. [PMID: 33984822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) can be a factor to identify brain tissue's disability in epileptic patients. This study aimed to assess the OEF's level measurement in refractory epileptic patients (REPs) using a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method and to determine whether the OEF parameters change. METHODS QSM-OEF maps of 26 REPs and 16 healthy subjects were acquired using 3T MRI with a 64-channel coil. Eighteen regions-of-interest (ROIs) were chosen around the cortex in one appropriate slice of the brain and the mean QSM-OEF for each ROI was obtained. The correlations of QSM-OEF among different clinical characteristics of the disease, as well as between the patients and normal subjects, were also investigated. RESULTS QSM-OEF was shown to be significantly higher in REPs (44.9 ± 5.8) than that in HS (41.9 ± 6.2) (p < 0.05). Mean QSM-OEF was statistically lower in the ipsilateral side (44.5 ± 6.6) compared to the contralateral side (46.4 ± 6.8) (P < 0.01). QSM-OEF was illustrated to have a strong positive correlation with the attack duration (r = 0.6), and a moderate negative correlation with the attack frequency (r = -0.3). Using an optimized support vector machine algorithm, we could predict the disease in subjects having abnormal OEF values in the brain-selected-ROIs with sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and the precision of 0.96, 1, 0.98, and 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that QSM-OEF of the REPs' brain is higher than that of HS, which indicates that QSM-OEF is associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research (ICNR), Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Chai C, Wang H, Chu Z, Li J, Qian T, Mark Haacke E, Xia S, Shen W. Reduced regional cerebral venous oxygen saturation is a risk factor for the cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1339-1349. [PMID: 30511117 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to noninvasively evaluate the changes of regional cerebral venous oxygen saturation (rSvO2) in hemodialysis patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and investigate the relationship with clinical risk factors and neuropsychological testing. Fifty four (54) hemodialysis patients and 54 age, gender and education matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this prospective study. QSM data were reconstructed from the original phase data of susceptibility weighted imaging to measure the susceptibility of cerebral regional major veins in all subjects and calculate their rSvO2. The differences in rSvO2 between hemodialysis patients and HCs were investigated using analysis of covariance adjusting for age and gender as covariates. Stepwise multiple regression and correlation analysis were performed between the cerebral rSvO2 and clinical factors including neuropsychological testing. The SvO2 of the bilateral cortical, thalamostriate, septal, cerebral internal and basal veins in hemodialysis patients was significantly lower than that in HCs (p < 0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The cerebral rSvO2 in all these veins was reduced by 1.67% to 2.30%. The hematocrit, iron, glucose, pre-and post-dialysis diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were independent predictive factors for the cerebral rSvO2 (all P < 0.05). The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were both lower in patients than those in HCs (both P < 0.05). The SvO2 of the left cerebral internal vein correlated with MoCA scores (r = 0.492; P = 0.02, FDR corrected). In conclusion, our study indicated that the cerebral rSvO2 was reduced in hemodialysis patients, which was the risk factor for neurocognitive impairment. The hematocrit, iron, glucose, pre-and post-dialysis DBP were independent risk factors for the cerebral rSvO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chai
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- School of Graduates, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chu
- Department of Hemodialysis, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Hemodialysis, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tianyi Qian
- MR collaboration, Siemens Healthcare, Northeast Asia, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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13
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Jiang D, Deng S, Franklin CG, O’Boyle M, Zhang W, Heyl BL, Pan L, Jerabek PA, Fox PT, Lu H. Validation of T 2 -based oxygen extraction fraction measurement with 15 O positron emission tomography. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:290-297. [PMID: 32643207 PMCID: PMC9973312 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of T2 -based whole-brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) estimation by comparing it with gold standard 15 O-PET measurements. METHODS Sixteen healthy adult subjects underwent MRI and 15 O-PET OEF measurements on the same day. On MRI, whole-brain OEF was quantified by T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI, based on subject-specific hematocrit. The TRUST OEF was compared to the whole-brain averaged OEF produced by 15 O-PET. Agreement between TRUST and 15 O-PET whole-brain OEF measurements was examined in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and in absolute OEF values. In a subset of 10 subjects, test-retest reproducibility of whole-brain OEF was also evaluated and compared between the two modalities. RESULTS Across the 16 subjects, the mean whole-brain OEF of TRUST and 15 O-PET were 36.44 ± 4.07% and 36.45 ± 3.65%, respectively, showing no difference between the two modalities (P = .99). TRUST whole-brain OEF strongly correlated with that of 15 O-PET (N = 16, ICC = 0.90, P = 4 × 10-7 ). The coefficient-of-variation of TRUST and 15 O-PET whole-brain OEF measurements were 1.79 ± 0.67% and 2.06 ± 1.55%, respectively, showing no difference between the two modalities (N = 10, P = .64). Further analyses on the effect of hematocrit revealed that correlation between PET OEF and TRUST OEF with assumed hematocrit remained significant (ICC = 0.8, P < 2 × 10-5 ). CONCLUSION Whole-brain OEF measured by TRUST was in excellent agreement with gold standard 15 O-PET, with highly comparable accuracy and reproducibility. These findings suggest that TRUST MRI can provide accurate quantification of whole-brain OEF noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shengwen Deng
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Crystal G. Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael O’Boyle
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Betty L. Heyl
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Li Pan
- Siemens Healthineers, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Jerabek
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Cho J, Ma Y, Spincemaille P, Pike GB, Wang Y. Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction: Comparison of dual-gas challenge calibrated BOLD with CBF and challenge-free gradient echo QSM+qBOLD. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:953-961. [PMID: 32783233 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare cortical gray matter oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) estimated from 2 MRI methods: (1) the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) plus quantitative blood oxygen level dependent imaging (qBOLD) (QSM+qBOLD or QQ), and (2) the dual-gas calibrated-BOLD (DGCB) in healthy subjects; and to investigate the validity of iso-cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption assumption during hypercapnia using QQ. METHODS In 10 healthy subjects, 3 tesla MRI including a multi-echo gradient echo sequence at baseline and hypercapnia for QQ, as well as an EPI dual-echo pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling for DGCB, were performed under a hypercapnic and a hyperoxic condition. OEFs from QQ and DGCB were compared using region of interest analysis and paired t test. For QQ, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption = cerebral blood flow*OEF*arterial oxygen content was generated for both baseline and hypercapnia, which were compared. RESULTS Average OEF in cortical gray matter across 10 subjects from QQ versus DGCB was 35.5 ± 6.7% versus 38.0 ± 9.1% (P = .49) at baseline and 20.7 ± 4.4% versus 28.4 ± 7.6% (P = .02) in hypercapnia: OEF in cortical gray matter was significantly reduced as measured in QQ (P < .01) and in DGCB (P < .01). Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (in μmol O2 /min/100 g) was 168.2 ± 54.1 at baseline from DGCB and was 153.1 ± 33.8 at baseline and 126.4 ± 34.2 (P < .01) in hypercapnia from QQ. CONCLUSION The differences in OEF obtained from QQ and DGCB are small and nonsignificant at baseline but are statistically significant during hypercapnia. In addition, QQ shows a cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption decrease (17.4%) during hypercapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuhan Ma
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilbert Bruce Pike
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Radiology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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15
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Jiang D, Lin Z, Liu P, Sur S, Xu C, Hazel K, Pottanat G, Yasar S, Rosenberg P, Albert M, Lu H. Normal variations in brain oxygen extraction fraction are partly attributed to differences in end-tidal CO 2. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1492-1500. [PMID: 31382788 PMCID: PMC7308520 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19867154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction is an important physiological index of the brain's oxygen consumption and supply and has been suggested to be a potential biomarker for a number of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, sickle cell disease, and metabolic disorders. However, in order for oxygen extraction fraction to be a sensitive biomarker for personalized disease diagnosis, inter-subject variations in normal subjects must be minimized or accounted for, which will otherwise obscure its interpretation. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the physiological underpinnings of normal differences in oxygen extraction fraction. This work used two studies, one discovery study and one verification study, to examine the extent to which an individual's end-tidal CO2 can explain variations in oxygen extraction fraction. It was found that, across normal subjects, oxygen extraction fraction is inversely correlated with end-tidal CO2. Approximately 50% of the inter-subject variations in oxygen extraction fraction can be attributed to end-tidal CO2 differences. In addition, oxygen extraction fraction was found to be positively associated with age and systolic blood pressure. By accounting for end-tidal CO2, age, and systolic blood pressure of the subjects, normal variations in oxygen extraction fraction can be reduced by 73%, which is expected to substantially enhance the utility of oxygen extraction fraction as a disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandeepa Sur
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cuimei Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaisha Hazel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Pottanat
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Cho J, Zhang S, Kee Y, Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Hubertus S, Gupta A, Wang Y. Cluster analysis of time evolution (CAT) for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent magnitude (qBOLD)-based oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) mapping. Magn Reson Med 2020; 83:844-857. [PMID: 31502723 PMCID: PMC6879790 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the accuracy of QSM plus quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent magnitude (QSM + qBOLD or QQ)-based mapping of the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) using cluster analysis of time evolution (CAT). METHODS 3D multi-echo gradient echo and arterial spin labeling images were acquired in 11 healthy subjects and 5 ischemic stroke patients. DWI was also carried out on patients. CAT was developed for analyzing signal evolution over TE. QQ-based OEF and CMRO2 were reconstructed with and without CAT, and results were compared using region of interest analysis and a paired t-test. RESULTS Simulations demonstrated that CAT substantially reduced noise error in QQ-based OEF. In healthy subjects, QQ-based OEF appeared less noisy and more uniform with CAT than without CAT; average OEF with and without CAT in cortical gray matter was 32.7 ± 4.0% and 37.9 ± 4.5%, with corresponding CMRO2 of 148.4 ± 23.8 and 171.4 ± 22.4 μmol/100 g/min, respectively. In patients, regions of low OEF were confined within the ischemic lesions defined on DWI when using CAT, which was not observed without CAT. CONCLUSION The cluster analysis of time evolution (CAT) significantly improves the robustness of QQ-based OEF against noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Youngwook Kee
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Simon Hubertus
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Wen Y, Weinsaft JW, Nguyen TD, Liu Z, Horn EM, Singh H, Kochav J, Eskreis-Winkler S, Deh K, Kim J, Prince MR, Wang Y, Spincemaille P. Free breathing three-dimensional cardiac quantitative susceptibility mapping for differential cardiac chamber blood oxygenation - initial validation in patients with cardiovascular disease inclusive of direct comparison to invasive catheterization. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2019; 21:70. [PMID: 31735165 PMCID: PMC6859622 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential blood oxygenation between left (LV) and right ventricles (RV; ΔSaO2) is a key index of cardiac performance; LV dysfunction yields increased RV blood pool deoxygenation. Deoxyhemoglobin increases blood magnetic susceptibility, which can be measured using an emerging cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique, Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) - a concept previously demonstrated in healthy subjects using a breath-hold 2D imaging approach (2DBHQSM). This study tested utility of a novel 3D free-breathing QSM approach (3DNAVQSM) in normative controls, and validated 3DNAVQSM for non-invasive ΔSaO2 quantification in patients undergoing invasive cardiac catheterization (cath). METHODS Initial control (n = 10) testing compared 2DBHQSM (ECG-triggered 2D gradient echo acquired at end-expiration) and 3DNAVQSM (ECG-triggered navigator gated gradient echo acquired in free breathing using a phase-ordered automatic window selection algorithm to partition data based on diaphragm position). Clinical testing was subsequently performed in patients being considered for cath, including 3DNAVQSM comparison to cine-CMR quantified LV function (n = 39), and invasive-cath quantified ΔSaO2 (n = 15). QSM was acquired using 3 T scanners; analysis was blinded to comparator tests (cine-CMR, cath). RESULTS 3DNAVQSM generated interpretable QSM in all controls; 2DBHQSM was successful in 6/10. Among controls in whom both pulse sequences were successful, RV/LV susceptibility difference (and ΔSaO2) were not significantly different between 3DNAVQSM and 2DBHQSM (252 ± 39 ppb [17.5 ± 3.1%] vs. 211 ± 29 ppb [14.7 ± 2.0%]; p = 0.39). Acquisition times were 30% lower with 3DNAVQSM (4.7 ± 0.9 vs. 6.7 ± 0.5 min, p = 0.002), paralleling a trend towards lower LV mis-registration on 3DNAVQSM (p = 0.14). Among cardiac patients (63 ± 10y, 56% CAD) 3DNAVQSM was successful in 87% (34/39) and yielded higher ΔSaO2 (24.9 ± 6.1%) than in controls (p < 0.001). QSM-calculated ΔSaO2 was higher among patients with LV dysfunction as measured on cine-CMR based on left ventricular ejection fraction (29.4 ± 5.9% vs. 20.9 ± 5.7%, p < 0.001) or stroke volume (27.9 ± 7.5% vs. 22.4 ± 5.5%, p = 0.013). Cath measurements (n = 15) obtained within a mean interval of 4 ± 3 days from CMR demonstrated 3DNAVQSM to yield high correlation (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), small bias (- 0.1%), and good limits of agreement (±8.6%) with invasively measured ΔSaO2. CONCLUSION 3DNAVQSM provides a novel means of assessing cardiac performance. Differential susceptibility between the LV and RV is increased in patients with cine-CMR evidence of LV systolic dysfunction; QSM-quantified ΔSaO2 yields high correlation and good agreement with the reference of invasively-quantified ΔSaO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Evelyn M. Horn
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Harsimran Singh
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jonathan Kochav
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 515 East 71th Street, S101, New York, NY 10021 USA
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18
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Turk EA, Stout JN, Ha C, Luo J, Gagoski B, Yetisir F, Golland P, Wald LL, Adalsteinsson E, Robinson JN, Roberts DJ, Barth WH, Grant PE. Placental MRI: Developing Accurate Quantitative Measures of Oxygenation. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 28:285-297. [PMID: 31592995 PMCID: PMC7323862 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Human Placenta Project has focused attention on the need for noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques to diagnose and monitor placental function throughout pregnancy. The hope is that the management of placenta-related pathologies would be improved if physicians had more direct, real-time measures of placental health to guide clinical decision making. As oxygen alters signal intensity on MRI and oxygen transport is a key function of the placenta, many of the MRI methods under development are focused on quantifying oxygen transport or oxygen content of the placenta. For example, measurements from blood oxygen level-dependent imaging of the placenta during maternal hyperoxia correspond to outcomes in twin pregnancies, suggesting that some aspects of placental oxygen transport can be monitored by MRI. Additional methods are being developed to accurately quantify baseline placental oxygenation by MRI relaxometry. However, direct validation of placental MRI methods is challenging and therefore animal studies and ex vivo studies of human placentas are needed. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the art of oxygen transport and quantification with MRI. We suggest that as these techniques are being developed, increased focus be placed on ensuring they are robust and reliable across individuals and standardized to enable predictive diagnostic models to be generated from the data. The field is still several years away from establishing the clinical benefit of monitoring placental function in real time with MRI, but the promise of individual personalized diagnosis and monitoring of placental disease in real time continues to motivate this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Abaci Turk
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Stout
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Ha
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Filiz Yetisir
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Polina Golland
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence L. Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Julian N. Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - William H. Barth
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P. Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
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19
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Miao X, Nayak KS, Wood JC. In vivo validation of T2- and susceptibility-based S v O 2 measurements with jugular vein catheterization under hypoxia and hypercapnia. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:2188-2198. [PMID: 31250481 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mutual agreement of T2-based and susceptibility-based methods as well as their agreement with jugular catheterization, for quantifying venous oxygen saturation (Sv O2 ) at a broad range of brain oxygenation levels. METHODS Sv O2 measurements using T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) and susceptibility-based oximetry (SBO) were performed in 13 healthy subjects under room air, hypoxia, and hypercapnia conditions. Agreement between TRUST and SBO was quantitatively evaluated. In two of the subjects, TRUST and SBO were compared against the clinical gold standard, co-oximeter measurement via internal jugular vein catheterization. RESULTS Absolute Sv O2 measurements using TRUST and SBO were highly correlated across a range of saturations from 45% to 84% (Pearson r = 0.91, P < .0001). Sv O2 -TRUST was significantly lower than Sv O2 -SBO under hypoxia and room air conditions, but the two were comparable under hypercapnia. TRUST demonstrated a larger Sv O2 increase under hypercapnia than SBO and had good agreement with jugular catheterization under hypercapnia but significantly underestimated Sv O2 under room air and hypoxia. The agreement between Sv O2 -SBO and the reference did not depend on the physiological state. CONCLUSION A systematic bias was observed between T2-based and susceptibility-based methods that depended on the oxygenation state. In vivo validation with jugular catheterization indicated potential underestimation of TRUST under room air and hypoxia conditions. Our findings suggested that caution should be employed in comparison of absolute Sv O2 measurements using either TRUST or SBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John C Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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20
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Jiang D, Lu H, Parkinson C, Su P, Wei Z, Pan L, Tekes A, Huisman TAGM, Golden WC, Liu P. Vessel-specific quantification of neonatal cerebral venous oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1129-1139. [PMID: 31066104 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Noninvasive measurement of cerebral venous oxygenation (Yv ) in neonates is important in the assessment of brain oxygen extraction and consumption, and may be useful in characterizing brain development and neonatal brain diseases. This study aims to develop a rapid method for vessel-specific measurement of Yv in neonates. METHODS We developed a pulse sequence, named accelerated T2 -relaxation-under-phase-contrast (aTRUPC), which consists of velocity-encoding phase-contrast module to isolate pure blood signal, flow-insensitive T2 -preparation to quantify blood T2 , and turbo-field-echo (TFE) scheme for rapid image acquisition, which is critical for neonatal MRI. A series of studies were conducted. First, the pulse sequence was optimized in terms of TFE factor, velocity encoding (VENC), and slice thickness for best sensitivity. Second, to account for the influence of TFE acquisition on T2 quantification, simulation and experiments were conducted to establish the relationship between TFE-T2 and standard T2 . Finally, the complete aTRUPC sequence was applied on a group of healthy neonates and normative Yv values were determined. RESULTS Optimal parameters of aTRUPC in neonates were found to be a TFE factor of 15, VENC of 5 cm/s, and slice thickness of 10 mm. The TFE-T2 was on average 3.9% lower than standard T2 . These two measures were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.86); thus their difference can be accounted for by a correction equation, T2,standard = 1.2002 × T2,TFE - 10.6276. Neonatal Yv values in veins draining cortical brain and those draining central brain were 64.8 ± 2.9% and 70.2 ± 3.3%, respectively, with a significant difference (P =.02). CONCLUSION The aTRUPC MRI has the potential to provide vessel-specific quantification of cerebral Yv in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charlamaine Parkinson
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pan Su
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Li Pan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Siemens Healthineers, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aylin Tekes
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W Christopher Golden
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Croal PL, Leung J, Phillips CL, Serafin MG, Kassner A. Quantification of pathophysiological alterations in venous oxygen saturation: A comparison of global MR susceptometry techniques. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 58:18-23. [PMID: 30639755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the Infinite Cylinder and Forward Field methods of quantifying global venous oxygen saturation (Yv) in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) from MRI phase data, and assess their applicability in systemic cerebrovascular disease.15 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 10 healthy age-matched controls were imaged on a 3.0 T MRI system. Anatomical and phase data around the superior sagittal sinus were acquired from a clinically available susceptibility weighted imaging sequence and converted to Yv using the Infinite Cylinder and Forward Field methods. Yv was significantly higher when calculated using the Infinite Cylinder method compared to the Forward Field method in both patients (p = 0.003) and controls (p < 0.001). A significant difference in Yv was observed between patients and controls for the Forward Field method only (p = 0.006). While various implementations of Yv quantification can be used in practice, the results can differ significantly. Simplistic models such as the Infinite Cylinder method may be easier to implement, but their dependence on broad assumptions can lead to an overestimation of Yv, and may reduce the sensitivity to pathophysiological changes in Yv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Croal
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Leung
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charly L Phillips
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malambing G Serafin
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Kassner
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Merola A, Germuska MA, Murphy K, Wise RG. Assessing the repeatability of absolute CMRO 2, OEF and haemodynamic measurements from calibrated fMRI. Neuroimage 2018; 173:113-126. [PMID: 29454105 PMCID: PMC6503182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As energy metabolism in the brain is largely oxidative, the measurement of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is a desirable biomarker for quantifying brain activity and tissue viability. Currently, PET techniques based on oxygen isotopes are the gold standard for obtaining whole brain CMRO2 maps. Among MRI techniques that have been developed as an alternative are dual calibrated fMRI (dcFMRI) methods, which exploit simultaneous measurements of BOLD and ASL signals during a hypercapnic-hyperoxic experiment to modulate brain blood flow and oxygenation. In this study we quantified the repeatability of a dcFMRI approach developed in our lab, evaluating its limits and informing its application in studies aimed at characterising the metabolic state of human brain tissue over time. Our analysis focussed on the estimates of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral blood flow (CBF), CBF-related cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and CMRO2 based on a forward model that describes analytically the acquired dual echo GRE signal. Indices of within- and between-session repeatability are calculated from two different datasets both at a bulk grey matter and at a voxel-wise resolution and finally compared with similar indices obtained from previous MRI and PET measurements. Within- and between-session values of intra-subject coefficient of variation (CVintra) calculated from bulk grey matter estimates 6.7 ± 6.6% (mean ± std.) and 10.5 ± 9.7% for OEF, 6.9 ± 6% and 5.5 ± 4.7% for CBF, 12 ± 9.7% and 12.3 ± 10% for CMRO2. Coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) maps showed the spatial distribution of the repeatability metrics, informing on the feasibility limits of the method. In conclusion, results show an overall consistency of the estimated physiological parameters with literature reports and a satisfactory level of repeatability considering the higher spatial sensitivity compared to other MRI methods, with varied performance depending on the specific parameter under analysis, on the spatial resolution considered and on the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Merola
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, DE, Germany
| | - Michael A Germuska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
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23
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Chen JJ. Functional MRI of brain physiology in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroimage 2018; 187:209-225. [PMID: 29793062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging and associated neurodegeneration constitute a major societal challenge as well as one for the neuroimaging community. A full understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration still eludes medical researchers, fuelling the development of in vivo neuroimaging markers. Hence it is increasingly recognized that our understanding of neurodegenerative processes likely will depend upon the available information provided by imaging techniques. At the same time, the imaging techniques are often developed in response to the desire to observe certain physiological processes. In this context, functional MRI (fMRI), which has for decades provided information on neuronal activity, has evolved into a large family of techniques well suited for in vivo observations of brain physiology. Given the rapid technical advances in fMRI in recent years, this review aims to summarize the physiological basis of fMRI observations in healthy aging as well as in age-related neurodegeneration. This review focuses on in-vivo human brain imaging studies in this review and on disease features that can be imaged using fMRI methods. In addition to providing detailed literature summaries, this review also discusses future directions in the study of brain physiology using fMRI in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Centre, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.
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24
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Cho J, Kee Y, Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Zhang J, Gupta A, Zhang S, Wang Y. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) mapping by combining quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantitative blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging (qBOLD). Magn Reson Med 2018. [PMID: 29516537 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To map the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) by estimating the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from gradient echo imaging (GRE) using phase and magnitude of the GRE data. THEORY AND METHODS 3D multi-echo gradient echo imaging and perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects. CMRO2 and OEF maps were reconstructed by joint quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to process GRE phases and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent (qBOLD) modeling to process GRE magnitudes. Comparisons with QSM and qBOLD alone were performed using ROI analysis, paired t-tests, and Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS The average CMRO2 value in cortical gray matter across subjects were 140.4 ± 14.9, 134.1 ± 12.5, and 184.6 ± 17.9 μmol/100 g/min, with corresponding OEFs of 30.9 ± 3.4%, 30.0 ± 1.8%, and 40.9 ± 2.4% for methods based on QSM, qBOLD, and QSM+qBOLD, respectively. QSM+qBOLD provided the highest CMRO2 contrast between gray and white matter, more uniform OEF than QSM, and less noisy OEF than qBOLD. CONCLUSION Quantitative CMRO2 mapping that fits the entire complex GRE data is feasible by combining QSM analysis of phase and qBOLD analysis of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Youngwook Kee
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Chai C, Liu S, Fan L, Liu L, Li J, Zuo C, Qian T, Haacke EM, Shen W, Xia S. Reduced deep regional cerebral venous oxygen saturation in hemodialysis patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:313-323. [PMID: 29249064 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is an important indicator of brain function. There was debate about lower cerebral oxygen metabolism in hemodialysis patients and there were no reports about the changes of deep regional cerebral SvO2 in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aim to explore the deep regional cerebral SvO2 from straight sinus using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and the correlation with clinical risk factors and neuropsychiatric testing. 52 hemodialysis patients and 54 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. QSM reconstructed from original phase data of 3.0 T susceptibility-weighted imaging was used to measure the susceptibility of straight sinus. The susceptibility was used to calculate the deep regional cerebral SvO2 and compare with healthy individuals. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between deep regional cerebral SvO2, clinical risk factors and neuropsychiatric testing. The deep regional cerebral SvO2 of hemodialysis patients (72.5 ± 3.7%) was significantly lower than healthy controls (76.0 ± 2.1%) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the measured volume of interests of straight sinus between hemodialysis patients (250.92 ± 46.65) and healthy controls (249.68 ± 49.68) (P = 0.859). There were no significant correlations between the measured susceptibility and volume of interests in hemodialysis patients (P = 0.204) and healthy controls (P = 0.562), respectively. Hematocrit (r = 0.480, P < 0.001, FDR corrected), hemoglobin (r = 0.440, P < 0.001, FDR corrected), red blood cell (r = 0.446, P = 0.003, FDR corrected), dialysis duration (r = 0.505, P = 0.002, FDR corrected) and parathyroid hormone (r = -0.451, P = 0.007, FDR corrected) were risk factors for decreased deep regional cerebral SvO2 in patients. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of hemodialysis patients were significantly lower than healthy controls (P < 0.001). However, the deep regional cerebral SvO2 did not correlate with MMSE scores (P = 0.630). In summary, the decreased deep regional cerebral SvO2 occurred in hemodialysis patients and dialysis duration, parathyroid hormone, hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cell may be clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chai
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Saifeng Liu
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, N9A6T2, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Prophylactic Inoculation and Statistics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Graduates, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Hemodialysis, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- School of Graduates, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Tianyi Qian
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare, Northeast Asia, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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26
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Jiang D, Liu P, Li Y, Mao D, Xu C, Lu H. Cross-vendor harmonization of T 2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI for the assessment of cerebral venous oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1125-1131. [PMID: 29369415 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Deng Mao
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cuimei Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Uwano I, Kudo K, Sato R, Ogasawara K, Kameda H, Nomura JI, Mori F, Yamashita F, Ito K, Yoshioka K, Sasaki M. Noninvasive Assessment of Oxygen Extraction Fraction in Chronic Ischemia Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping at 7 Tesla. Stroke 2017; 48:2136-2141. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Uwano
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Kohsuke Kudo
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Ryota Sato
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kameda
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Jun-ichi Nomura
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Futoshi Mori
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Kenji Ito
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Kunihiro Yoshioka
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- From the Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (I.U., K.K., H.K., F.M., F.Y., K.I., M.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (K.O., J.N.), and Department of Radiology (K.Y.), Iwate Medical University, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (K.K., H.K.); and Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
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28
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Merola A, Germuska MA, Warnert EA, Richmond L, Helme D, Khot S, Murphy K, Rogers PJ, Hall JE, Wise RG. Mapping the pharmacological modulation of brain oxygen metabolism: The effects of caffeine on absolute CMRO 2 measured using dual calibrated fMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 155:331-343. [PMID: 28323164 PMCID: PMC7613100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to map the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on grey matter oxygen metabolism and haemodynamics with a novel MRI method. Sixteen healthy caffeine consumers (8 males, age=24.7±5.1) were recruited to this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each participant was scanned on two days before and after the delivery of an oral caffeine (250mg) or placebo capsule. Our measurements were obtained with a newly proposed estimation approach applied to data from a dual calibration fMRI experiment that uses hypercapnia and hyperoxia to modulate brain blood flow and oxygenation. Estimates were based on a forward model that describes analytically the contributions of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and of the measured end-tidal partial pressures of CO2 and O2 to the acquired dual-echo GRE signal. The method allows the estimation of grey matter maps of: oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), CBF, CBF-related cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2). Other estimates from a multi inversion time ASL acquisition (mTI-ASL), salivary samples of the caffeine concentration and behavioural measurements are also reported. We observed significant differences between caffeine and placebo on average across grey matter, with OEF showing an increase of 15.6% (SEM±4.9%, p<0.05) with caffeine, while CBF and CMRO2 showed differences of -30.4% (SEM±1.6%, p<0.01) and -18.6% (SEM±2.9%, p<0.01) respectively with caffeine administration. The reduction in oxygen metabolism found is somehow unexpected, but consistent with a hypothesis of decreased energetic demand, supported by previous electrophysiological studies reporting reductions in spectral power with EEG. Moreover the maps of the physiological parameters estimated illustrate the spatial distribution of changes across grey matter enabling us to localise the effects of caffeine with voxel-wise resolution. CBF changes were widespread as reported by previous findings, while changes in OEF were found to be more restricted, leading to unprecedented mapping of significant CMRO2 reductions mainly in frontal gyrus, parietal and occipital lobes. In conclusion, we propose the estimation framework based on our novel forward model with a dual calibrated fMRI experiment as a viable MRI method to map the effects of drugs on brain oxygen metabolism and haemodynamics with voxel-wise resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Merola
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael A Germuska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Esther Ah Warnert
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lewys Richmond
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Helme
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sharmila Khot
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter J Rogers
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Judith E Hall
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Decreased susceptibility of major veins in mild traumatic brain injury is correlated with post-concussive symptoms: A quantitative susceptibility mapping study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:625-632. [PMID: 28664033 PMCID: PMC5479969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is an important biomarker of brain function. In this study, we aimed to explore the relative changes of regional cerebral SvO2 among axonal injury (AI) patients, non-AI patients and healthy controls (HCs) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). 48 patients and 32 HCs were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the imaging based evidence of AI. QSM was used to measure the susceptibility of major cerebral veins. Nonparametric testing was performed for susceptibility differences among the non-AI patient group, AI patient group and healthy control group. Correlation was performed between the susceptibility of major cerebral veins, elapsed time post trauma (ETPT) and post-concussive symptom scores. The ROC analysis was performed for the diagnostic efficiency of susceptibility to discriminate mTBI patients from HCs. The susceptibility of the straight sinus in non-AI and AI patients was significantly lower than that in HCs (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, respectively, Bonferroni corrected), which may indicate an increased regional cerebral SvO2 in patients. The susceptibility of the straight sinus in non-AI patients positively correlated with ETPT (r = 0.573, P = 0.003, FDR corrected) while that in AI patients negatively correlated with the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire scores (r = − 0.582, P = 0.018, FDR corrected). The sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of susceptibility for the discrimination between mTBI patients and HCs were 88%, 69% and 0.84. In conclusion, the susceptibility of the straight sinus can be used as a biomarker to monitor the progress of mild TBI and to differentiate mTBI patients from healthy controls. Mild traumatic brain injury caused decreased venous susceptibility. The venous susceptibility can discriminate mTBI patients from healthy controls. Decreased susceptibility may indicate increased venous oxygen saturation (SvO2). Increased SvO2 of patients without axonal injury decreased with time post-injury. Increased SvO2 of axonal injury patients indicated severe post-concussive symptoms.
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McDaniel P, Bilgic B, Fan A, Stout J, Adalsteinsson E. Mitigation of partial volume effects in susceptibility-based oxygenation measurements by joint utilization of magnitude and phase (JUMP). Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:1713-1727. [PMID: 27059521 PMCID: PMC5052095 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Susceptibility-based blood oxygenation measurements in small vessels of the brain derive from gradient echo (GRE) phase and can provide localized assessment of brain function and pathology. However, when vessel diameter becomes smaller than the acquisition voxel size, partial volume effects compromise these measurements. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to improve the reliability of vessel oxygenation estimates in the presence of partial volume effects. METHODS Intravoxel susceptibility variations are present when a vessel and parenchyma experience partial volume effects, modifying the voxel's GRE phase signal and attenuating the GRE magnitude signal. Using joint utilization of magnitude and phase (JUMP), both vessel susceptibility and voxel partial volume fraction can be estimated, providing measurements of venous oxygen saturation ( Yv) in straight, nearly vertical vessels that have improved robustness to partial volume effects. RESULTS JUMP was demonstrated by estimating vessel Yv in numerical and in vivo experiments. Deviations from ground truth of Yv measurements in vessels tilted up to 30° from B0 were reduced by over 50% when using JUMP compared with phase-only techniques. CONCLUSION JUMP exploits both magnitude and phase data in GRE imaging to mitigate partial volume effects in estimation of vessel oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 77:1713-1727, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McDaniel
- Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Fan
- Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stout
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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31
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Wehrli FW, Fan AP, Rodgers ZB, Englund EK, Langham MC. Susceptibility-based time-resolved whole-organ and regional tissue oximetry. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3495. [PMID: 26918319 PMCID: PMC5001941 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The magnetism of hemoglobin - being paramagnetic in its deoxy and diamagnetic in its oxy state - offers unique opportunities to probe oxygen metabolism in blood and tissues. The magnetic susceptibility χ of blood scales linearly with blood oxygen saturation, which can be obtained by measuring the magnetic field ΔB of the intravascular MR signal relative to tissue. In contrast to χ, the induced field ΔB is non-local. Therefore, to obtain the intravascular susceptibility Δχ relative to adjoining tissue from the measured ΔB demands solution of an inverse problem. Fortunately, for ellipsoidal structures, to which a straight, cylindrically shaped blood vessel segment conforms, the solution is trivial. The article reviews the principle of MR susceptometry-based blood oximetry. It then discusses applications for quantification of whole-brain oxygen extraction - typically on the basis of a measurement in the superior sagittal sinus - and, in conjunction with total cerebral blood flow, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ). By simultaneously measuring flow and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2 ) a temporal resolution of a few seconds can be achieved, allowing the study of the response to non-steady-state challenges such as volitional apnea. Extensions to regional measurements in smaller cerebral veins are also possible, as well as voxelwise quantification of venous blood saturation in cerebral veins accomplished by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) techniques. Applications of susceptometry-based oximetry to studies of metabolic and degenerative disorders of the brain are reviewed. Lastly, the technique is shown to be applicable to other organ systems such as the extremities using SvO2 as a dynamic tracer to monitor the kinetics of the microvascular response to induced ischemia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Audrey P Fan
- Lucas Center for Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Suite S170, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zachary B Rodgers
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Erin K Englund
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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32
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Chatnuntawech I, McDaniel P, Cauley SF, Gagoski BA, Langkammer C, Martin A, Grant PE, Wald LL, Setsompop K, Adalsteinsson E, Bilgic B. Single-step quantitative susceptibility mapping with variational penalties. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3570. [PMID: 27332141 PMCID: PMC5179325 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) estimates the underlying tissue magnetic susceptibility from the gradient echo (GRE) phase signal through background phase removal and dipole inversion steps. Each of these steps typically requires the solution of an ill-posed inverse problem and thus necessitates additional regularization. Recently developed single-step QSM algorithms directly relate the unprocessed GRE phase to the unknown susceptibility distribution, thereby requiring the solution of a single inverse problem. In this work, we show that such a holistic approach provides susceptibility estimation with artifact mitigation and develop efficient algorithms that involve simple analytical solutions for all of the optimization steps. Our methods employ total variation (TV) and total generalized variation (TGV) to jointly perform the background removal and dipole inversion in a single step. Using multiple spherical mean value (SMV) kernels of varying radii permits high-fidelity background removal whilst retaining the phase information in the cortex. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed single-step methods reduce the reconstruction error by up to 66% relative to the multi-step methods that involve SMV background filtering with the same number of SMV kernels, followed by TV- or TGV-regularized dipole inversion. In vivo single-step experiments demonstrate a dramatic reduction in dipole streaking artifacts and improved homogeneity of image contrast. These acquisitions employ the rapid three-dimensional echo planar imaging (3D EPI) and Wave-CAIPI (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) trajectories for signal-to-noise ratio-efficient whole-brain imaging. Herein, we also demonstrate the multi-echo capability of the Wave-CAIPI sequence for the first time, and introduce an automated, phase-sensitive coil sensitivity estimation scheme based on a 4-s calibration acquisition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itthi Chatnuntawech
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence to: Itthi Chatnuntawech, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 36-776A, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, , Phone: 617-324-1738
| | - Patrick McDaniel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen F. Cauley
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borjan A. Gagoski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Adrian Martin
- Applied Mathematics, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Ellen Grant
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence L. Wald
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhang J, Zhou D, Nguyen TD, Spincemaille P, Gupta A, Wang Y. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) mapping with hyperventilation challenge using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:1762-1773. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCornell University301 Weill HallIthaca New York, USA
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell Medical College515 East 71st St, Suite 104New York, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell Medical College515 East 71st St, Suite 104New York, USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell Medical College515 East 71st St, Suite 104New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell Medical College515 East 71st St, Suite 104New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell Medical College515 East 71st St, Suite 104New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCornell University301 Weill HallIthaca New York, USA
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell Medical College515 East 71st St, Suite 104New York, USA
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34
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Hsieh MC, Tsai CY, Liao MC, Yang JL, Su CH, Chen JH. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping-Based Microscopy of Magnetic Resonance Venography (QSM-mMRV) for In Vivo Morphologically and Functionally Assessing Cerebromicrovasculature in Rat Stroke Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149602. [PMID: 26974842 PMCID: PMC4790912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cerebral oxygenation and vessel structure is a crucial feature of stroke. An imaging method with structural and functional information is necessary for diagnosis of stroke. This study applies QSM-mMRV (quantitative susceptibility mapping-based microscopic magnetic resonance venography) for noninvasively detecting small cerebral venous vessels in rat stroke model. First, susceptibility mapping is optimized and calculated from magnetic resonance (MR) phase images of a rat brain. Subsequently, QSM-mMRV is used to simultaneously provide information on microvascular architecture and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), both of which can be used to evaluate the physiological and functional characteristics of microvascular changes for longitudinally monitoring and therapeutically evaluating a disease model. Morphologically, the quantification of vessel sizes using QSM-mMRV was 30% smaller than that of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), which eliminated the overestimation of conventional SWI. Functionally, QSM-mMRV estimated an average SvO2 ranging from 73% to 85% for healthy rats. Finally, we also applied QSM to monitor the revascularization of post-stroke vessels from 3 to 10 days after reperfusion. QSM estimations of SvO2 were comparable to those calculated using the pulse oximeter standard metric. We conclude that QSM-mMRV is useful for longitudinally monitoring blood oxygen and might become clinically useful for assessing cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chiao Liao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHC); (CHS)
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHC); (CHS)
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35
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Wang C, Zhang R, Wang R, Jiang L, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhao K, Jin L, Zhang J, Wang X, Fang J. Noninvasive measurement of renal oxygen extraction fraction under the influence of respiratory challenge. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:230-7. [PMID: 26800848 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Philips Healthcare; Suzhou Jiangsu PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - He Wang
- Philips Healthcare; Suzhou Jiangsu PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Radiology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - Lixin Jin
- Philips Healthcare; Suzhou Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing PR China
- College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing PR China
- Department of Radiology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing PR China
- College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing PR China
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36
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Merola A, Murphy K, Stone AJ, Germuska MA, Griffeth VEM, Blockley NP, Buxton RB, Wise RG. Measurement of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF): An optimized BOLD signal model for use with hypercapnic and hyperoxic calibration. Neuroimage 2016; 129:159-174. [PMID: 26801605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several techniques have been proposed to estimate relative changes in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) by exploiting combined BOLD fMRI and cerebral blood flow data in conjunction with hypercapnic or hyperoxic respiratory challenges. More recently, methods based on respiratory challenges that include both hypercapnia and hyperoxia have been developed to assess absolute CMRO2, an important parameter for understanding brain energetics. In this paper, we empirically optimize a previously presented "original calibration model" relating BOLD and blood flow signals specifically for the estimation of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and absolute CMRO2. To do so, we have created a set of synthetic BOLD signals using a detailed BOLD signal model to reproduce experiments incorporating hypercapnic and hyperoxic respiratory challenges at 3T. A wide range of physiological conditions was simulated by varying input parameter values (baseline cerebral blood volume (CBV0), baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF0), baseline oxygen extraction fraction (OEF0) and hematocrit (Hct)). From the optimization of the calibration model for estimation of OEF and practical considerations of hypercapnic and hyperoxic respiratory challenges, a new "simplified calibration model" is established which reduces the complexity of the original calibration model by substituting the standard parameters α and β with a single parameter θ. The optimal value of θ is determined (θ=0.06) across a range of experimental respiratory challenges. The simplified calibration model gives estimates of OEF0 and absolute CMRO2 closer to the true values used to simulate the experimental data compared to those estimated using the original model incorporating literature values of α and β. Finally, an error propagation analysis demonstrates the susceptibility of the original and simplified calibration models to measurement errors and potential violations in the underlying assumptions of isometabolism. We conclude that using the simplified calibration model results in a reduced bias in OEF0 estimates across a wide range of potential respiratory challenge experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Merola
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan J Stone
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael A Germuska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valerie E M Griffeth
- Department of Bioengineering and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas P Blockley
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard B Buxton
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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37
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Simon AB, Dubowitz DJ, Blockley NP, Buxton RB. A novel Bayesian approach to accounting for uncertainty in fMRI-derived estimates of cerebral oxygen metabolism fluctuations. Neuroimage 2016; 129:198-213. [PMID: 26790354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calibrated blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging is a multimodal functional MRI technique designed to estimate changes in cerebral oxygen metabolism from measured changes in cerebral blood flow and the BOLD signal. This technique addresses fundamental ambiguities associated with quantitative BOLD signal analysis; however, its dependence on biophysical modeling creates uncertainty in the resulting oxygen metabolism estimates. In this work, we developed a Bayesian approach to estimating the oxygen metabolism response to a neural stimulus and used it to examine the uncertainty that arises in calibrated BOLD estimation due to the presence of unmeasured model parameters. We applied our approach to estimate the CMRO2 response to a visual task using the traditional hypercapnia calibration experiment as well as to estimate the metabolic response to both a visual task and hypercapnia using the measurement of baseline apparent R2' as a calibration technique. Further, in order to examine the effects of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) signal contamination on the measurement of apparent R2', we examined the effects of measuring this parameter with and without CSF-nulling. We found that the two calibration techniques provided consistent estimates of the metabolic response on average, with a median R2'-based estimate of the metabolic response to CO2 of 1.4%, and R2'- and hypercapnia-calibrated estimates of the visual response of 27% and 24%, respectively. However, these estimates were sensitive to different sources of estimation uncertainty. The R2'-calibrated estimate was highly sensitive to CSF contamination and to uncertainty in unmeasured model parameters describing flow-volume coupling, capillary bed characteristics, and the iso-susceptibility saturation of blood. The hypercapnia-calibrated estimate was relatively insensitive to these parameters but highly sensitive to the assumed metabolic response to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Simon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David J Dubowitz
- Keck Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Blockley
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard B Buxton
- Keck Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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38
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Baseline oxygenation in the brain: Correlation between respiratory-calibration and susceptibility methods. Neuroimage 2016; 125:920-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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39
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Liu Z, Li Y. Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxygen Extraction Fraction, and Metabolic Rate in Patients with Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis or Acute Stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 37:607-14. [PMID: 26680459 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE With the advances of magnetic resonance technology, the CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen can be measured in MRI. Our aim was to measure the CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen use in patients with different severities of middle cerebral artery stenosis or acute stroke by using the arterial spin-labeling and susceptibility-weighted imaging techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients with MCA stenosis or acute stroke were recruited and classified into 4 groups: mild MCA stenosis (group 1), severe MCA stenosis (group 2), occluded MCA (group 3), and acute stroke (group 4). Arterial spin-labeling and SWI sequences were used to acquire CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. RESULTS The oxygen extraction fraction in hemispheres with mild MCA stenosis (group 1) was remarkably higher than that in the contralateral hemisphere. In addition, hemispheres with severe MCA stenosis (group 2) had significantly lower CBF and a significantly higher oxygen extraction fraction than the contralateral hemisphere. Hemispheres with occluded MCA (group 3) or acute stroke (group 4) had a significantly lower CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and a significantly higher oxygen extraction fraction than the contralateral hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS The oxygen extraction fraction gradually increased in groups 1-3. When this offset a decrease in CBF, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remained at a normal level. An occluded MCA led to reduction in both the CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Moreover, the oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the occluded MCA region during acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (Z.L.), First Hospital of Nanchang City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Y.L.), Heze Medical College, HeZe, Shandong, China
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Wang C, Zhang R, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhao K, Jin L, Zhang J, Wang X, Fang J. Noninvasive measurement of lower extremity muscle oxygen extraction fraction under cuff compression paradigm. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:1148-58. [PMID: 26527473 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To demonstrate the feasibility of using a susceptibility-based MRI technique with asymmetric spin-echo (ASE) sequence to assess the lower extremity muscle oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) alternations under cuff compression paradigm. METHODS Approved by the local institutional human study committee, nine healthy young volunteers participated in this study. All the ASE scans were conducted using a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner during resting state (pre), 1-3 min (post1) and 3-5 min (post2) after a pressure of 50 mmHg above individual systolic blood pressure imposed on the thigh. Moreover, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements were performed on the same day under the same cuff compression protocol to verify the accuracy of this susceptibility-based method. RESULTS In all volunteers, the mean MRI based OEF in gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle increased significantly from 0.28 ± 0.02 (pre) to 0.31 ± 0.03 (post1, P < 0.05) and 0.31 ± 0.03 (post2, P < 0.05). In addition, mean OEF in soleus (SOL) muscle went up from 0.31 ± 0.01 (pre) to 0.33 ± 0.03 (post1, P = 0.14) and 0.37 ± 0.04 (post2, P < 0.05). For comparison, NIRS measured 1-%HbO2 (percentage of deoxyhemoglobin concentration within total hemoglobin) in GAS rose significantly from 0.29 ± 0.03 (pre) to 0.31 ± 0.04 (post1, P < 0.05) and 0.31 ± 0.04 (post2, P < 0.05), which confirmed the accuracy of the MRI-based OEF. CONCLUSION This susceptibility-based OEF quantification technique together with cuff compression paradigm could provide a noninvasive, quantifiable and effective tool for measuring skeletal muscle oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Kämpe R, Lind E, Ståhlberg F, van Westen D, Knutsson L, Wirestam R. Quantification of normal cerebral oxygen extraction and oxygen metabolism by phase-based MRI susceptometry: evaluation of repeatability using two different imaging protocols. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:211-220. [PMID: 26490359 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) were quantified in a test-retest study. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) data, required for CMRO2 estimation, were obtained using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI). OEF and CMRO2 were quantified using two separate data sets, that is, conventional high-resolution (HR) gradient echo (GRE) phase maps as well as echo planar imaging (EPI) phase maps taken from the baseline (precontrast) part of the DSC-MRI time series. The EPI phase data were included to elucidate whether an extra HR-GRE scan is needed to obtain information about OEF and CMRO2 , or if this information can be extracted from the DSC-MRI experiment only. METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers were scanned using 3 T MRI on two occasions. Oxygen saturation levels were obtained from phase data measured in the great cerebral vein of Galen, based on HR-GRE as well as EPI phase maps. In combination with DSC-MRI CBF, this allowed for calculation of OEF and CMRO2 . RESULTS High-resolution-gradient echo- and EPI-based phase images resulted in similar OEF spread and repeatability, with coefficients of variation/intraclass correlation coefficients of 0·26/0·95 and 0·23/0·81, respectively. Absolute OEF values (HR-GRE: 0·40 ± 0·11, EPI: 0·35 ± 0·08) were consistent with literature data. CMRO2 showed similar repeatability, somewhat increased spread and reasonable absolute values (HR-GRE: 3·23 ± 1·26 ml O2 /100 g min-1 , EPI: 2·79 ± 0·89 ml O2 /100 g min-1 ). DISCUSSION In general, the results obtained by HR-GRE and EPI showed comparable characteristics. The EPI methodology could potentially be improved using a slightly modified DSC-MRI protocol (e.g. with regard to spatial resolution and slice gap).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kämpe
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Lind
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Freddy Ståhlberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Imaging and Function, Skåne University Health Care, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Krishnamurthy LC, Liu P, Ge Y, Lu H. Vessel-specific quantification of blood oxygenation with T2-relaxation-under-phase-contrast MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 71:978-89. [PMID: 23568830 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurement of venous oxygenation (Yv) is a critical step toward quantitative assessment of brain oxygen metabolism, a key index in many brain disorders. The present study aims to develop a noninvasive, rapid, and reproducible method to measure Yv in a vessel-specific manner. THEORY The method, T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast MRI, utilizes complex subtraction of phase-contrast to isolate pure blood signal, applies nonslice-selective T2-preparation to measure T2, and converts T2 to oxygenation using a calibration plot. METHODS Following feasibility demonstration, several technical aspects were examined, including validation with an established global Yv technique, test-retest reproducibility, sensitivity to detect oxygenation changes due to hypoxia and caffeine challenges, applicability of echo-planar-imaging (EPI) acquisition to shorten scan duration, and ability to study veins with a caliber of 1-2 mm. RESULTS T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast was able to simultaneously measure Yv in all major veins in the brain, including sagittal sinus, straight sinus, great vein, and internal cerebral vein. T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast results showed an excellent agreement with the reference technique, high sensitivity to oxygenation changes, and test-retest variability of 3.5 ± 1.0%. The use of segmented-EPI was able to reduce the scan duration to 1.5 minutes. It was also feasible to study pial veins and deep veins. CONCLUSION T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast MRI is a promising technique for vessel-specific oxygenation measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Zhang J, Liu T, Gupta A, Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Wang Y. Quantitative mapping of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Magn Reson Med 2015; 74:945-52. [PMID: 25263499 PMCID: PMC4375095 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively map cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ( CMRO2) and oxygen extraction fraction ( OEF) in human brains using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and arterial spin labeling-measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after caffeine vasoconstriction. METHODS Using the multiecho, three-dimensional gradient echo sequence and an oral bolus of 200 mg caffeine, whole brain CMRO2 and OEF were mapped at 3-mm isotropic resolution on 13 healthy subjects. The QSM-based CMRO2 was compared with an R2*-based CMRO2 to analyze the regional consistency within cortical gray matter (CGM) with the scaling in the R2* method set to provide same total CMRO2 as the QSM method for each subject. RESULTS Compared to precaffeine, susceptibility increased (5.1 ± 1.1 ppb; P < 0.01) and CBF decreased (-23.6 ± 6.7 ml/100 g/min; P < 0.01) at 25-min postcaffeine in CGM. This corresponded to a CMRO2 of 153.0 ± 26.4 μmol/100 g/min with an OEF of 33.9 ± 9.6% and 54.5 ± 13.2% (P < 0.01) pre- and postcaffeine, respectively, at CGM, and a CMRO2 of 58.0 ± 26.6 μmol/100 g/min at white matter. CMRO2 from both QSM- and R2*-based methods showed good regional consistency (P > 0.05), but quantitation of R2*-based CMRO2 required an additional scaling factor. CONCLUSION QSM can be used with perfusion measurements pre- and postcaffeine vascoconstriction to map CMRO2 and OEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States Address: 301 Weill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States Address: 515 East 71 St, Suite 104, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Tian Liu
- Medimagemetric, LLC, New York, NY, NY, United States Address: 455 Main Street, New York, NY, 10044
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States Address: 515 East 71 St, Suite 104, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States Address: 515 East 71 St, Suite 104, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States Address: 515 East 71 St, Suite 104, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States Address: 301 Weill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States Address: 515 East 71 St, Suite 104, New York, NY, 10021
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Elevated global cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction and unchanged metabolic rate of oxygen in young adults with end-stage renal disease: an MRI study. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:1732-41. [PMID: 26334507 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To noninvasively assess global cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in young adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS Thirty-six patients and 38 healthy volunteers were included and took part in MR examinations, blood and neuropsychological tests. CBF and OEF were measured by phase-contrast and T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging MRI techniques, respectively. CMRO2 was computed from CBF, OEF and hematocrit according to Fick's principle. Correlations were performed between MR measurements, blood biochemistry measurements and neuropsychological test scores. RESULTS Compared with controls, ESRD patients had elevated CBF (72.9 ± 12.5 vs. 63.8 ± 8.5 ml min(-1) 100 g(-1), P < 0.001), elevated OEF (47.2 ± 10.2 vs. 35.8 ± 5.4 %, P < 0.001), but unaffected CMRO2 (199.5 ± 36.4 vs. 193.8 ± 28.6 μmol O2 min(-1) 100 g(-1), P = 0.879). Hematocrit negatively correlated with CBF (r = -0.640, P < 0.001) and OEF (r = -0.701, P < 0.001), but not with CMRO2. Altered neuropsychological test scores of ESRD patients were associated with OEF and CBF, but not with CMRO2. There were weak relationships between eGFR and hematocrit (r = 0.308, P = 0.068) or CBF (r = 0.318, P = 0.059). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that anaemic young adults with ESRD may afford higher CBF and OEF to maintain a normal CMRO2. Despite this compensatory process, however, cognitive function was still impaired and its severity was correlated with their CBF and OEF abnormality. KEY POINTS • Anaemic young adults with ESRD may afford higher CBF and OEF. • Anaemic young adults with ESRD maintain a normal CMRO 2 . • Cognitive function was still impaired in young ESRD adults. • The severity of cognitive dysfunction correlated with CBF and OEF changes.
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Liu C, Wei H, Gong NJ, Cronin M, Dibb R, Decker K. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:3-17. [PMID: 26844301 PMCID: PMC4734903 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2015.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility within biological tissues. It first uses the frequency shift in the MRI signal to map the magnetic field profile within the tissue. The resulting field map is then used to determine the spatial distribution of the underlying magnetic susceptibility by solving an inverse problem. The solution is achieved by deconvolving the field map with a dipole field, under the assumption that the magnetic field results from a superposition of the dipole fields generated by all voxels and that each voxel has its own unique magnetic susceptibility. QSM provides an improved contrast-to-noise ratio for certain tissues and structures compared with its magnitude counterpart. More importantly, magnetic susceptibility directly reflects the molecular composition and cellular architecture of the tissue. Consequently, by quantifying magnetic susceptibility, QSM is becoming a quantitative imaging approach for characterizing normal and pathological tissue properties. This article reviews the mechanism that generates susceptibility contrast within tissues and some associated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Liu
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Nan-Jie Gong
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Matthew Cronin
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Russel Dibb
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Kyle Decker
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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MacDonald ME, Frayne R. Cerebrovascular MRI: a review of state-of-the-art approaches, methods and techniques. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:767-791. [PMID: 26010775 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular imaging is of great interest in the understanding of neurological disease. MRI is a non-invasive technology that can visualize and provide information on: (i) the structure of major blood vessels; (ii) the blood flow velocity in these vessels; and (iii) the microcirculation, including the assessment of brain perfusion. Although other medical imaging modalities can also interrogate the cerebrovascular system, MR provides a comprehensive assessment, as it can acquire many different structural and functional image contrasts whilst maintaining a high level of patient comfort and acceptance. The extent of examination is limited only by the practicalities of patient tolerance or clinical scheduling limitations. Currently, MRI methods can provide a range of metrics related to the cerebral vasculature, including: (i) major vessel anatomy via time-of-flight and contrast-enhanced imaging; (ii) blood flow velocity via phase contrast imaging; (iii) major vessel anatomy and tissue perfusion via arterial spin labeling and dynamic bolus passage approaches; and (iv) venography via susceptibility-based imaging. When designing an MRI protocol for patients with suspected cerebral vascular abnormalities, it is appropriate to have a complete understanding of when to use each of the available techniques in the 'MR angiography toolkit'. In this review article, we: (i) overview the relevant anatomy, common pathologies and alternative imaging modalities; (ii) describe the physical principles and implementations of the above listed methods; (iii) provide guidance on the selection of acquisition parameters; and (iv) describe the existing and potential applications of MRI to the cerebral vasculature and diseases. The focus of this review is on obtaining an understanding through the application of advanced MRI methodology of both normal and abnormal blood flow in the cerebrovascular arteries, capillaries and veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ethan MacDonald
- Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard Frayne
- Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Liu P, Dimitrov I, Andrews T, Crane DE, Dariotis JK, Desmond J, Dumas J, Gilbert G, Kumar A, Maclntosh BJ, Tucholka A, Yang S, Xiao G, Lu H. Multisite evaluations of a T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI technique to measure brain oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:680-7. [PMID: 25845468 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Venous oxygenation (Yv ) is an important index of brain physiology and may be indicative of brain diseases. A T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI technique was recently developed to measure Yv . A multisite evaluation of this technique would be an important step toward broader availability and potential clinical utilizations of Yv measures. METHODS TRUST MRI was performed on a total of 250 healthy subjects, 125 from the developer's site and 25 each from five other sites. All sites were equipped with a 3 Tesla (T) MRI of the same vendor. The estimated Yv and the standard error (SE) of the estimation εYv were compared across sites. RESULTS The averaged Yv and εYv across six sites were 61.1% ± 1.4% and 1.3% ± 0.2%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the estimated Yv was dependent on age (P = 0.009) but not on performance site. In contrast, the SE of the Yv estimation was site-dependent (P = 0.024) but was less than 1.5%. Further analysis revealed that εYv was positively associated with the amount of subject motion (P < 0.001) but negatively associated with blood signal intensity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This work suggests that TRUST MRI can yield equivalent results of Yv estimation across different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Liu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,MR clinical science, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Trevor Andrews
- MR clinical science, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - David E Crane
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacinda K Dariotis
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center for Adolescent Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Desmond
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- MR clinical science, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley J Maclntosh
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- Department of Radiology, Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shaolin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Krishnamurthy LC, Mao D, King KS, Lu H. Correction and optimization of a T2-based approach to map blood oxygenation in small cerebral veins. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:1100-9. [PMID: 25846113 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral venous blood oxygenation (Yv ) is an important biomarker in brain physiology and function. The present study proposes a procedure to provide a quantitative map of the brain's intravascular Yv. THEORY AND METHODS The method is based on a pulse sequence, T2 -Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast (TRU-PC) MRI, with postprocessing approaches to correct eddy-current effects. A complete scan protocol consists of four TRU-PC scans sensitized to large and small vessels with anterior-posterior and foot-head flow-encoding directions, and the data are analyzed conjunctively. Eddy-current correction was performed by fitting the tissue phase to a hyperplane, and then subtracting the eddy-current phase from the measured vessel phase. The reproducibility of the Yv-maps was examined in five participants. Sensitivity of the Yv map to a caffeine challenge was studied in another five participants. RESULTS Removal of eddy-current induced artifact allowed for the correction of T2 measurements, as demonstrated in vivo and with simulation. A Yv-map depicting all vessels in the slice can be obtained with the proposed protocol. Test-retest variability of the Yv -map was 3.7 ± 1.2%. Yv reduction can be reliably detected (P < 0.001) following the caffeine ingestion. CONCLUSION With the proposed TRU-PC protocol and eddy-current correction procedure, an accurate, vessel-specific Yv map of the human brain can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Deng Mao
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin S King
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Fan AP, Govindarajan ST, Kinkel RP, Madigan NK, Nielsen AS, Benner T, Tinelli E, Rosen BR, Adalsteinsson E, Mainero C. Quantitative oxygen extraction fraction from 7-Tesla MRI phase: reproducibility and application in multiple sclerosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:131-9. [PMID: 25352043 PMCID: PMC4294406 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in cortical veins was studied in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy subjects via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase images at 7 Tesla (7 T). Flow-compensated, three-dimensional gradient-echo scans were acquired for absolute OEF quantification in 23 patients with MS and 14 age-matched controls. In patients, we collected T2*-weighted images for characterization of white matter, deep gray matter, and cortical lesions, and also assessed cognitive function. Variability of OEF across readers and scan sessions was evaluated in a subset of volunteers. OEF was averaged from 2 to 3 pial veins in the sensorimotor, parietal, and prefrontal cortical regions for each subject (total of ~10 vessels). We observed good reproducibility of mean OEF, with intraobserver coefficient of variation (COV)=2.1%, interobserver COV=5.2%, and scan-rescan COV=5.9%. Patients exhibited a 3.4% reduction in cortical OEF relative to controls (P=0.0025), which was not different across brain regions. Although oxygenation did not relate with measures of structural tissue damage, mean OEF correlated with a global measure of information processing speed. These findings suggest that cortical OEF from 7-T MRI phase is a reproducible metabolic biomarker that may be sensitive to different pathologic processes than structural MRI in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey P Fan
- 1] Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sindhuja T Govindarajan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Philip Kinkel
- 1] Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy K Madigan
- 1] Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Scott Nielsen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Benner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuele Tinelli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- 1] Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- 1] Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caterina Mainero
- 1] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rodgers ZB, Englund EK, Langham MC, Magland JF, Wehrli FW. Rapid T2- and susceptometry-based CMRO2 quantification with interleaved TRUST (iTRUST). Neuroimage 2014; 106:441-50. [PMID: 25449740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptometry-based oximetry (SBO) and T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) are two promising methods for quantifying the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), a critical parameter of brain function. We present a combined method, interleaved TRUST (iTRUST), which achieves rapid, simultaneous quantification of both susceptometry- and T2-based CMRO2 via insertion of a flow-encoded, dual-echo gradient-recalled echo (OxFlow) module within the T1 recovery portion of the TRUST sequence. In addition to allowing direct comparison between SBO- and TRUST-derived venous oxygen saturation (Yv) values, iTRUST substantially improves TRUST temporal resolution for CMRO2 quantification and obviates the need for a separate blood flow measurement following TRUST acquisition. iTRUST was compared directly to TRUST and OxFlow alone in three resting subjects at baseline, exhibiting close agreement with the separate techniques and comparable precision. These baseline data as well as simulation results support the use of two instead of the traditional four T2 preparation times for T2 fitting, allowing simultaneous quantification of susceptometry- and T2-based Yv (and CMRO2) with three- and six-second temporal resolution, respectively. In 10 young healthy subjects, iTRUST was applied during a 5% CO2 gas mixture-breathing paradigm. T2-based Yv values were lower at baseline relative to susceptometry (62.3 ± 3.1 vs. 66.7 ± 5.1 %HbO2, P<0.05), but increased more in response to hypercapnia. As a result, T2-based CMRO2 decreased from 140.4 ± 9.7 to 120.0 ± 9.5 μMol/100g/min, a significant -14.6 ± 3.6% response (P < 0.0001), whereas susceptometry-based CMRO2 changed insignificantly from 123.4 ± 18.7 to 127.9 ± 25.7, a 3.3 ± 9.7% response (P = 0.31). These differing results are in accord with previous studies applying the parent OxFlow or TRUST sequences individually, thus supporting the reliability of iTRUST but also strongly suggesting that a systematic bias exists between the susceptometry- and T2-based Yv quantification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Rodgers
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin K Englund
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Magland
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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