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Galijašević M, Steiger R, Radović I, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Birkl C, Deeg L, Mangesius S, Rietzler A, Regodić M, Stockhammer G, Freyschlag CF, Kerschbaumer J, Haybaeck J, Grams AE, Gizewski ER. Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Markers in IDH1 Wild Type Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143569. [PMID: 34298788 PMCID: PMC8305039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliobastoma is one of the deadliest tumors overall, yet the most common malignant brain tumor. The new World Health Organization Classification of Brain Tumors brought changes in how we look at this type of malignancy. Now we know that glioblastoma is rather a spectrum of similar tumors, but with some distinct characteristics that include molecular footprint, response to therapy and with that overall survival, among others. We hypothesised that by employing phosphorous magnetic resonance we will be able to show differences in cellular energy metabolism in these various subtypes of glioblastoma. For example, we found indices of faster cell reproduction and tumor growth in MGMT-methylated and EGFR-amplified tumors. These tumors also could have reduced energetic state or tissue oxygenation due to the increased necrosis. Tumors with EGFR-amplification could have increased apoptotic activity regardless of their MGMT status. Our study indicated various differences in energetic metabolism in tumors with different molecular characteristics, which could potentially be important in future therapeutic strategies. Abstract The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) classification of brain tumors requires consideration of both histological appearance and molecular characteristics. Possible differences in brain energy metabolism could be important in designing future therapeutic strategies. Forty-three patients with primary, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild type glioblastomas (GBMs) were included in this study. Pre-operative standard MRI was obtained with additional phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31-P-MRS) imaging. Following microsurgical resection of the tumors, biopsy specimens underwent neuropathological diagnostics including standard molecular diagnosis. The spectroscopy results were correlated with epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status. EGFR amplified tumors had significantly lower phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-PCr/ATP and PCr to inorganic phosphate (Pi)-PCr/Pi ratios, and higher Pi/ATP and phosphomonoesters (PME) to phosphodiesters (PDE)-PME/PDE ratio than those without the amplification. Patients with MGMT-methylated tumors had significantly higher cerebral magnesium (Mg) values and PME/PDE ratio, while their PCr/ATP and PCr/Pi ratios were lower than in patients without the methylation. In survival analysis, not-EGFR-amplified, MGMT-methylated GBMs showed the longest survival. This group had lower PCr/Pi ratio when compared to MGMT-methylated, EGFR-amplified group. PCr/Pi ratio was lower also when compared to the MGMT-unmethylated, EGFR not-amplified group, while PCr/ATP ratio was lower than all other examined groups. Differences in energy metabolism in various molecular subtypes of wild-type-GBMs could be important information in future precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Galijašević
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Radović
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.B.-T.); (J.H.)
| | - Christoph Birkl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Deeg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Rietzler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milovan Regodić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Stockhammer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Johannes Kerschbaumer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.B.-T.); (J.H.)
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Ellen Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Ruth Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (I.R.); (C.B.); (L.D.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (A.E.G.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Knowles BR, Friedrich F, Fischer C, Paech D, Ladd ME. Beyond T2 and 3T: New MRI techniques for clinicians. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 18:87-97. [PMID: 31341982 PMCID: PMC6630188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in terms of field strength and hybrid MR systems have led to improvements in tumor imaging in terms of anatomy and functionality. This review paper discusses the applications of such advances in the field of radiation oncology with regards to treatment planning, therapy guidance and monitoring tumor response and predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Knowles
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Friedrich
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carola Fischer
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
In this article, an overview of the current developments and research applications for non-proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHFs) is given. Due to technical and methodical advances, efficient MRI of physiologically relevant nuclei, such as Na, Cl, Cl, K, O, or P has become feasible and is of interest to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information that can be used for biomedical and diagnostic applications. Sodium (Na) MRI is the most widespread multinuclear imaging method with applications ranging over all regions of the human body. Na MRI yields the second largest in vivo NMR signal after the clinically used proton signal (H). However, other nuclei such as O and P (energy metabolism) or Cl and K (cell viability) are used in an increasing number of MRI studies at UHF. One major advancement has been the increased availability of whole-body MR scanners with UHFs (B0 ≥7T) expanding the range of detectable nuclei. Nevertheless, efforts in terms of pulse sequence and post-processing developments as well as hardware designs must be made to obtain valuable information in clinically feasible measurement times. This review summarizes the available methods in the field of non-proton UHF MRI, especially for Na MRI, as well as introduces potential applications in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Huhn K, Engelhorn T, Linker RA, Nagel AM. Potential of Sodium MRI as a Biomarker for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:84. [PMID: 30804885 PMCID: PMC6378293 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental and ex vivo studies indicate that pathologic intra- and extracellular sodium accumulation may play a pivotal role in inflammatory as well as neurodegenerative processes. Yet, in vivo assessment of sodium in the microenvironment is hard to achieve. Here, sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23NaMRI) with its non-invasive properties offers a unique opportunity to further elucidate the effects of sodium disequilibrium in MS pathology in vivo in addition to regular proton based MRI. However, unfavorable physical properties and low in vivo concentrations of sodium ions resulting in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) as well as low spatial resolution resulting in partial volume effects limited the application of 23NaMRI. With the recent advent of high-field MRI scanners and more sophisticated sodium MRI acquisition techniques enabling better resolution and higher SNR, 23NaMRI revived. These studies revealed pathologic total sodium concentrations in MS brains now even allowing for the (partial) differentiation of intra- and extracellular sodium accumulation. Within this review we (1) demonstrate the physical basis and imaging techniques of 23NaMRI and (2) analyze the present and future clinical application of 23NaMRI focusing on the field of MS thus highlighting its potential as biomarker for neuroinflammation and -degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Solomakha G, Andreychenko A, Moortele PFVD, Kroeze H, Raaijmakers AJ, Euwe FE, Lagendijk JJW, Luijten PR, Berg CATVD. A Coaxial RF Applicator for Ultra-High Field Human MRI. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2848-2854. [PMID: 30716028 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2897029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a novel radio-frequency (RF) concept for ultra-high field (UHF) human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on a coaxial resonant cavity. METHODS A two-channel slotted coaxial cavity RF applicator was designed for human head MRI at 9.4T. Physical dimensions made the proposed conducting structure resonant at the required frequency without tuning lumped elements. Numerical electromagnetic modeling was used to optimize the design. RF safety was assessed with two representative human body models. MR experiments on a 9.4T scanner included gradient echo images and mapping of a circularly polarized RF magnetic field in the human head phantom. RESULTS The simulations and the phantom MR experiments agreed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The design was relatively simple, robust and required only a few additional reactive elements for the applicator's input impedance matching. The transmit efficiency and homogeneity of the excitation field were only 20% and 4% lower compared to a conventional 8-channel head array. CONCLUSION The coaxial RF applicator was feasible for human MRI at UHF and required no lumped elements for its tuning. Imaging performance of the RF applicator was only moderately lower compared to the conventional transmit array, but would be sufficient to provide an anatomical reference for the heteronuclei MRI. SIGNIFICANCE An alternative approach with the minimal involvement of lumped elements becomes feasible to design volume-type RF coils for UHF human MRI.
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Gordji-Nejad A, Matusch A, Li S, Kroll T, Beer S, Elmenhorst D, Bauer A. Phosphocreatine Levels in the Left Thalamus Decline during Wakefulness and Increase after a Nap. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10552-10565. [PMID: 30282723 PMCID: PMC6596250 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0865-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have hypothesized that the availability of phosphocreatine (PCr) and its ratio to inorganic phosphate (Pi) in cerebral tissue form a substrate of wakefulness. It follows then, according to this hypothesis, that the exhaustion of PCr and the decline in the ratio of PCr to Pi form a substrate of fatigue. We used 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to investigate quantitative levels of PCr, the γ-signal of ATP, and Pi in 30 healthy humans (18 female) in the morning, in the afternoon, and while napping (n = 15) versus awake controls (n = 10). Levels of PCr (2.40 mM at 9 A.M.) decreased by 7.0 ± 0.8% (p = 7.1 × 10-6, t = -5.5) in the left thalamus between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. Inversely, Pi (0.74 mM at 9 A.M.) increased by 17.1 ± 5% (p = 0.005, t = 3.1) and pH levels dropped by 0.14 ± 0.07 (p = 0.002; t = 3.6). Following a 20 min nap after 5 P.M., local PCr, Pi, and pH were restored to morning levels. We did not find respective significant changes in the contralateral thalamus or in other investigated brain regions. Left hemispheric PCr was signficantly lower than right hemispheric PCr only at 5 P.M. in the thalamus and at all conditions in the temporal region. Thus, cerebral daytime-related and sleep-related molecular changes are accessible in vivo Prominent changes were identified in the thalamus. This region is heavily relied on for a series of energy-consuming tasks, such as the relay of sensory information to the cortex. Furthermore, our data confirm that lateralization of brain function is regionally dynamic and includes PCr.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are assumed to inversely reflect the cellular energy load. This study detected a diurnal decrease of intracellular PCr and a nap-associated reincrease in the left thalamus. Pi behaved inversely. This outcome corroborates the role of the thalamus as a region of high energy consumption in agreement with its function as a gateway that relays and modulates information flow. Conversely to the dynamic lateralization of thalamic PCr, a constantly significant lateralization was observed in other regions. Increasing fatigue over the course of the day may also be a matter of cerebral energy supply. Comparatively fast restoration of that supply may be part of the biological basis for the recreational value of "power napping."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gordji-Nejad
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany,
| | - Andreas Matusch
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Shumei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tina Kroll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Beer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Budinger TF, Bird MD. MRI and MRS of the human brain at magnetic fields of 14 T to 20 T: Technical feasibility, safety, and neuroscience horizons. Neuroimage 2018; 168:509-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Gu Y, Yu X. Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2017; 7:707-726. [PMID: 29312876 PMCID: PMC5756783 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2017.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many human diseases are caused by an imbalance between energy production and demand. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide the unique opportunity for in vivo assessment of several fundamental events in tissue metabolism without the use of ionizing radiation. Of particular interest, phosphate metabolites that are involved in ATP generation and utilization can be quantified noninvasively by phosphorous-31 (31P) MRS/MRI. Furthermore, 31P magnetization transfer (MT) techniques allow in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes via creatine kinase (CK) and ATP synthase. However, a major impediment for the clinical applications of 31P-MRS/MRI is the prohibitively long acquisition time and/or the low spatial resolution that are necessary to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio. In this review, current 31P-MRS/MRI techniques used in basic science and clinical research are presented. Recent advances in the development of fast 31P-MRS/MRI methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Iterative reconstruction of radially-sampled 31 P bSSFP data using prior information from 1 H MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 37:147-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Valkovič L, Chmelík M, Krššák M. In-vivo 31P-MRS of skeletal muscle and liver: A way for non-invasive assessment of their metabolism. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:193-215. [PMID: 28119063 PMCID: PMC5478074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to direct assessment of high energy phosphorus containing metabolite content within tissues, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) provides options to measure phospholipid metabolites and cellular pH, as well as the kinetics of chemical reactions of energy metabolism in vivo. Even though the great potential of 31P-MR was recognized over 30 years ago, modern MR systems, as well as new, dedicated hardware and measurement techniques provide further opportunities for research of human biochemistry. This paper presents a methodological overview of the 31P-MR techniques that can be used for basic, physiological, or clinical research of human skeletal muscle and liver in vivo. Practical issues of 31P-MRS experiments and examples of potential applications are also provided. As signal localization is essential for liver 31P-MRS and is important for dynamic muscle examinations as well, typical localization strategies for 31P-MR are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Valkovič
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Chmelík
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Choi CH, Ha Y, Veeraiah P, Felder J, Möllenhoff K, Shah NJ. Design and implementation of a simple multinuclear MRI system for ultra high-field imaging of animals. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 273:28-32. [PMID: 27741437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-proton MRI has recently garnered gathering interest with the increased availability of ultra high-field MRI system. Assuming the availability of a broadband RF amplifier, performing multinuclear MR experiments essentially requires additional hardware, such as an RF resonator and a T/R switch for each nucleus. A double- or triple-resonant RF probe is typically constructed using traps or PIN-diode circuits, but this approach degrades the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality compared to a single-resonant coil and this is a limiting factor. In this work, we have designed the required hardware for multinuclear MR imaging experiments employing six single-resonant coil sets and a purpose-built animal bed; these have been implemented into a home-integrated 9.4T preclinical MRI scanner. System capabilities are demonstrated by distinguishing concentration differences and sensitivity of X-nuclei imaging and spectroscopy without SNR penalty for any nuclei, no subject interruption and no degradation of the static shim conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Choi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany.
| | - YongHyun Ha
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Jörg Felder
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Klaus Möllenhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, JARA, Aachen, Germany; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Budinger TF, Bird MD, Frydman L, Long JR, Mareci TH, Rooney WD, Rosen B, Schenck JF, Schepkin VD, Sherry AD, Sodickson DK, Springer CS, Thulborn KR, Uğurbil K, Wald LL. Toward 20 T magnetic resonance for human brain studies: opportunities for discovery and neuroscience rationale. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 29:617-39. [PMID: 27194154 PMCID: PMC5538368 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An initiative to design and build magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) instruments at 14 T and beyond to 20 T has been underway since 2012. This initiative has been supported by 22 interested participants from the USA and Europe, of which 15 are authors of this review. Advances in high temperature superconductor materials, advances in cryocooling engineering, prospects for non-persistent mode stable magnets, and experiences gained from large-bore, high-field magnet engineering for the nuclear fusion endeavors support the feasibility of a human brain MRI and MRS system with 1 ppm homogeneity over at least a 16-cm diameter volume and a bore size of 68 cm. Twelve neuroscience opportunities are presented as well as an analysis of the biophysical and physiological effects to be investigated before exposing human subjects to the high fields of 14 T and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Budinger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Mark D Bird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lucio Frydman
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joanna R Long
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas H Mareci
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Bruce Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard, MA, USA
| | - John F Schenck
- General Electric Corporate Research, Schenectady, NY, USA
| | - Victor D Schepkin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence L Wald
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard, MA, USA
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13
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Electrodynamics and radiofrequency antenna concepts for human magnetic resonance at 23.5 T (1 GHz) and beyond. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:641-56. [PMID: 27097905 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work investigates electrodynamic constraints, explores RF antenna concepts and examines the transmission fields (B 1 (+) ) and RF power deposition of dipole antenna arrays for (1)H magnetic resonance of the human brain at 1 GHz (23.5 T). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electromagnetic field (EMF) simulations are performed in phantoms with average tissue simulants for dipole antennae using discrete frequencies [300 MHz (7.0 T) to 3 GHz (70.0 T)]. To advance to a human setup EMF simulations are conducted in anatomical human voxel models of the human head using a 20-element dipole array operating at 1 GHz. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that transmission fields suitable for (1)H MR of the human brain can be achieved at 1 GHz. An increase in transmit channel density around the human head helps to enhance B 1 (+) in the center of the brain. The calculated relative increase in specific absorption rate at 23.5 versus 7.0 T was below 1.4 (in-phase phase setting) and 2.7 (circular polarized phase setting) for the dipole antennae array. CONCLUSION The benefits of multi-channel dipole antennae at higher frequencies render MR at 23.5 T feasible from an electrodynamic standpoint. This very preliminary finding opens the door on further explorations that might be catalyzed into a 20-T class human MR system.
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14
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Mirkes C, Shajan G, Chadzynski G, Buckenmaier K, Bender B, Scheffler K. (31)P CSI of the human brain in healthy subjects and tumor patients at 9.4 T with a three-layered multi-nuclear coil: initial results. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:579-89. [PMID: 26811174 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of the feasibility and performance of phosphorus ((31)P) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 9.4 T with a three-layered phosphorus/proton coil in human normal brain tissue and tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-channel (31)P coil was designed to enable MRSI of the entire human brain. The performance of the coil was evaluated by means of electromagnetic field simulations and actual measurements. A 3D chemical shift imaging approach with a variable repetition time and flip angle was used to increase the achievable signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired (31)P spectra. The impact of the resulting k-space modulation was investigated by simulations. Three tumor patients and three healthy volunteers were scanned and differences between spectra from healthy and cancerous tissue were evaluated qualitatively. RESULTS The high sensitivity provided by the 27-channel (31)P coil allowed acquiring CSI data in 22 min with a nominal voxel size of 15 × 15 × 15 mm(3). Shimming and anatomical localization could be performed with the integrated four-channel proton dipole array. The amplitudes of the phosphodiesters and phosphoethanolamine appeared reduced in tumorous tissue for all three patients. A neutral or slightly alkaline pH was measured within the brain lesions. CONCLUSION These initial results demonstrate that (31)P 3D CSI is feasible at 9.4 T and could be performed successfully in healthy subjects and tumor patients in under 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mirkes
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gunamony Shajan
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Chadzynski
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Brown R, Lakshmanan K, Madelin G, Parasoglou P. A nested phosphorus and proton coil array for brain magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2016; 124:602-611. [PMID: 26375209 PMCID: PMC4651763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A dual-nuclei radiofrequency coil array was constructed for phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the human brain at 7T. An eight-channel transceive degenerate birdcage phosphorus module was implemented to provide whole-brain coverage and significant sensitivity improvement over a standard dual-tuned loop coil. A nested eight-channel proton module provided adequate sensitivity for anatomical localization without substantially sacrificing performance on the phosphorus module. The developed array enabled phosphorus spectroscopy, a saturation transfer technique to calculate the global creatine kinase forward reaction rate, and single-metabolite whole-brain imaging with 1.4cm nominal isotropic resolution in 15min (2.3cm actual resolution), while additionally enabling 1mm isotropic proton imaging. This study demonstrates that a multi-channel array can be utilized for phosphorus and proton applications with improved coverage and/or sensitivity over traditional single-channel coils. The efficient multi-channel coil array, time-efficient pulse sequences, and the enhanced signal strength available at ultra-high fields can be combined to allow volumetric assessment of the brain and could provide new insights into the underlying energy metabolism impairment in several neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as mental disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Brown
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU WIRELESS, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, 2 Metro Tech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Karthik Lakshmanan
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prodromos Parasoglou
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Rink K, Berger MC, Korzowski A, Breithaupt M, Biller A, Bachert P, Nagel AM. Nuclear-Overhauser-enhanced MR imaging of (31)P-containing metabolites: multipoint-Dixon vs. frequency-selective excitation. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:1281-1289. [PMID: 26248272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop nuclear-Overhauser-enhanced (NOE) [(1)H]-(31)P magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on 3D fully-balanced steady-state free precession (fbSSFP). Therefore, two implementations of a 3D fbSSFP sequence are compared using frequency-selective excitation (FreqSel) and multipoint-Dixon (MP-Dixon). (31)P-containing model solutions and four healthy volunteers were examined at field strengths of B0=3T and 7T. Maps of the distribution of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and adenosine 5´-triphosphate (ATP) in the human calf were obtained with an isotropic resolution of 1.5cm (1.0cm) in an acquisition time of 5min (10min). NOE-pulses had the highest impact on the PCr acquisitions enhancing the signal up to (82 ± 13) % at 3T and up to (37 ± 9) % at 7T. An estimation of the level of PCr in muscle tissue from [(1)H]-(31)P MRI data yielded a mean value of (33 ± 8) mM. In conclusion, direct [(1)H]-(31)P imaging using FreqSel as well as MP-Dixon is possible in clinically feasible acquisition times. FreqSel should be preferred for measurements where only a single metabolite resonance is considered. MP-Dixon performs better in terms of SNR if a larger spectral width is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Rink
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz C Berger
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathies Breithaupt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin Biller
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Schmid AI, Meyerspeer M, Robinson SD, Goluch S, Wolzt M, Fiedler GB, Bogner W, Laistler E, Krššák M, Moser E, Trattnig S, Valkovič L. Dynamic PCr and pH imaging of human calf muscles during exercise and recovery using (31) P gradient-Echo MRI at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2324-31. [PMID: 26115021 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simultaneous acquisition of spatially resolved (31) P-MRI data for evaluation of muscle specific energy metabolism, i.e., PCr and pH kinetics. METHODS A three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo sequence for multiple frequency-selective excitations of the PCr and Pi signals in an interleaved sampling scheme was developed and tested at 7 Tesla (T). The pH values were derived from the chemical shift-induced phase difference between the resonances. The achieved spatial resolution was ∼2 mL with image acquisition time below 6 s. Ten healthy volunteers were studied performing plantar flexions during the delay between (31) P-MRI acquisitions, yielding a temporal resolution of 9-10 s. RESULTS Signal from anatomically matched regions of interest had sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to allow single-acquisition PCr and pH quantification. The Pi signal was clearly detected in voxels of actively exercising muscles. The PCr depletions were in gastrocnemius 42 ± 14% (medialis), 48 ± 17% (lateralis) and in soleus 20 ± 11%. The end exercise pH values were 6.74 ± 0.18 and 6.65 ± 0.27 for gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis, respectively, and 6.96 ± 0.12 for soleus muscle. CONCLUSION Simultaneous acquisition of PCr and Pi images with high temporal resolution, suitable for measuring PCr and pH kinetics in exercise-recovery experiments, was demonstrated at 7T. This study presents a fast alternative to MRS for quantifying energy metabolism of posterior muscle groups of the lower leg. Magn Reson Med 75:2324-2331, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Ingo Schmid
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Daniel Robinson
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrun Goluch
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Bernd Fiedler
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Laistler
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Plantinga BR, Temel Y, Roebroeck A, Uludağ K, Ivanov D, Kuijf ML, Ter Haar Romenij BM. Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging of the basal ganglia and related structures. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:876. [PMID: 25414656 PMCID: PMC4220687 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a treatment for Parkinson's disease and other related disorders, involving the surgical placement of electrodes in the deeply situated basal ganglia or thalamic structures. Good clinical outcome requires accurate targeting. However, due to limited visibility of the target structures on routine clinical MR images, direct targeting of structures can be challenging. Non-clinical MR scanners with ultra-high magnetic field (7T or higher) have the potential to improve the quality of these images. This technology report provides an overview of the current possibilities of visualizing deep brain stimulation targets and their related structures with the aid of ultra-high field MRI. Reviewed studies showed improved resolution, contrast- and signal-to-noise ratios at ultra-high field. Sequences sensitive to magnetic susceptibility such as T2* and susceptibility weighted imaging and their maps in general showed the best visualization of target structures, including a separation between the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra, the lamina pallidi medialis and lamina pallidi incompleta within the globus pallidus and substructures of the thalamus, including the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim). This shows that the visibility, identification, and even subdivision of the small deep brain stimulation targets benefit from increased field strength. Although ultra-high field MR imaging is associated with increased risk of geometrical distortions, it has been shown that these distortions can be avoided or corrected to the extent where the effects are limited. The availability of ultra-high field MR scanners for humans seems to provide opportunities for a more accurate targeting for deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit R Plantinga
- Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mark L Kuijf
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart M Ter Haar Romenij
- Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands ; Department of Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
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19
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Multimodal neuroimaging in humans at 9.4 T: a technological breakthrough towards an advanced metabolic imaging scanner. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1867-84. [PMID: 25017191 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, to explore the potential of simultaneously acquiring multimodal MR-PET-EEG data in a human 9.4 T scanner to provide a platform for metabolic brain imaging. Secondly, to demonstrate that the three modalities are complementary, with MRI providing excellent structural and functional imaging, PET providing quantitative molecular imaging, and EEG providing superior temporal resolution. A 9.4 T MRI scanner equipped with a PET insert and a commercially available EEG device was used to acquire in vivo proton-based images, spectra, and sodium- and oxygen-based images with MRI, EEG signals from a human subject in a static 9.4 T magnetic field, and demonstrate hybrid MR-PET capability in a rat model. High-resolution images of the in vivo human brain with an isotropic resolution of 0.5 mm and post-mortem brain images of the cerebellum with an isotropic resolution of 320 µm are presented. A (1)H spectrum was also acquired from 2 × 2 × 2 mm voxel in the brain allowing 12 metabolites to be identified. Imaging based on sodium and oxygen is demonstrated with isotropic resolutions of 2 and 5 mm, respectively. Auditory evoked potentials measured in a static field of 9.4 T are shown. Finally, hybrid MR-PET capability at 9.4 T in the human scanner is demonstrated in a rat model. Initial progress on the road to 9.4 T multimodal MR-PET-EEG is illustrated. Ultra-high resolution structural imaging, high-resolution images of the sodium distribution and proof-of-principle (17)O data are clearly demonstrated. Further, simultaneous MR-PET data are presented without artefacts and EEG data successfully corrected for the cardioballistic artefact at 9.4 T are presented.
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20
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Three-dimensional saturation transfer ³¹P-MRI in muscles of the lower leg at 3.0 T. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5219. [PMID: 24910264 PMCID: PMC4048915 DOI: 10.1038/srep05219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The creatine kinase (CK) reaction plays a critical role in skeletal muscle function, and can be studied non-invasively using phosphorus (31P) saturation transfer (ST) techniques. However, due to the low MR sensitivity of the 31P nucleus, most studies on clinically approved magnetic fields (≤3.0 T) have been performed with coarse resolution and limited tissue coverage. However, such methods are not able to detect spatially resolved metabolic heterogeneities, which may be important in diseases of the skeletal muscle. In this study, our aim was to develop and implement a 31P-MRI method for mapping the kinetics of the CK reaction, and the unidirectional phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolic fluxes in muscles of the lower leg on a clinical 3.0 T MR scanner. We imaged the lower leg muscles of ten healthy volunteers (total experimental time: 40 min, nominal voxel sizes 0.5 mL), and found statistically significant differences between the kinetics of the CK reaction among muscle groups. Our developed technique may allow in the future the early detection of focal metabolic abnormalities in diseases that affect the function of the skeletal muscle.
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21
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Kraff O, Fischer A, Nagel AM, Mönninghoff C, Ladd ME. MRI at 7 Tesla and above: demonstrated and potential capabilities. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:13-33. [PMID: 24478137 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 40 installed MR systems worldwide operating at 7 Tesla or higher, ultra-high-field (UHF) imaging has been established as a platform for clinically oriented research in recent years. Along with technical developments that, in part, have also been successfully transferred to lower field strengths, MR imaging and spectroscopy at UHF have demonstrated capabilities and potentials for clinical diagnostics in a variety of studies. In terms of applications, this overview article focuses on already achieved advantages for in vivo imaging, i.e., in imaging the brain and joints of the musculoskeletal system, but also considers developments in body imaging, which is particularly challenging. Furthermore, new applications for clinical diagnostics such as X-nuclei imaging and spectroscopy, which only really become feasible at ultra-high magnetic fields, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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22
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Regatte RR. Why buy an expensive ($7 million) 7T MRI system for biomedical research? J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:280-2. [PMID: 24123421 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder R Regatte
- Quantitative Multinuclear Musculoskeletal Imaging Group (QMMIG), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Parasoglou P, Xia D, Chang G, Convit A, Regatte RR. Three-dimensional mapping of the creatine kinase enzyme reaction rate in muscles of the lower leg. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1142-51. [PMID: 23436474 PMCID: PMC3744626 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus ((31) P) magnetization transfer (MT) techniques enable the non-invasive measurement of metabolic turnover rates of important enzyme-catalyzed reactions, such as the creatine kinase reaction (CK), a major transducing reaction involving adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine. Alteration in the kinetics of the CK reaction rate appears to play a central role in many disease states. In this study, we developed and implemented at ultra-high field (7T) a novel three-dimensional (31) P-MT imaging sequence that maps the kinetics of CK in the entire volume of the lower leg at relatively high resolution (0.52 mL voxel size), and within acquisition times that can be tolerated by patients (below 60 min). We tested the sequence on five healthy and two clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. Overall, we obtained measurements that are in close agreement with measurements reported previously using spectroscopic methods. Importantly, our spatially resolved method allowed us to measure local CK reaction rate constants and metabolic fluxes in individual muscles in a non-invasive manner. Furthermore, it allowed us to detect variations of the CK rates of different muscles, which would not have been possible using unlocalized MRS methods. The results of this work suggest that 3D mapping of the CK reaction rates and metabolic fluxes can be achieved in the skeletal muscle in vivo at relatively high spatial resolution and with acquisition times well tolerated by patients. The ability to measure bioenergetics simultaneously in large areas of muscles will bring new insights into possible heterogeneous patterns of muscle metabolism associated with several diseases and serve as a valuable tool for monitoring the efficacy of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Parasoglou
- Quantitative Multinuclear Musculoskeletal Imaging Group (QMMIG), Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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24
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Atkinson IC, Claiborne TC, Thulborn KR. Feasibility of 39-potassium MR imaging of a human brain at 9.4 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1819-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Atkinson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research; University of Illinois; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Theodore C. Claiborne
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research; University of Illinois; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Keith R. Thulborn
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research; University of Illinois; Chicago Illinois USA
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25
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Shah NJ, Oros-Peusquens AM, Arrubla J, Zhang K, Warbrick T, Mauler J, Vahedipour K, Romanzetti S, Felder J, Celik A, Rota-Kops E, Iida H, Langen KJ, Herzog H, Neuner I. Advances in multimodal neuroimaging: hybrid MR-PET and MR-PET-EEG at 3 T and 9.4 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 229:101-115. [PMID: 23317760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-modal MR-PET-EEG data acquisition in simultaneous mode confers a number of advantages at 3 T and 9.4 T. The three modalities complement each other well; structural-functional imaging being the domain of MRI, molecular imaging with specific tracers is the strength of PET, and EEG provides a temporal dimension where the other two modalities are weak. The utility of hybrid MR-PET at 3 T in a clinical setting is presented and critically discussed. The potential problems and the putative gains to be accrued from hybrid imaging at 9.4 T, with examples from the human brain, are outlined. Steps on the road to 9.4 T multi-modal MR-PET-EEG are also illustrated. From an MR perspective, the potential for ultra-high resolution structural imaging is discussed and example images of the cerebellum with an isotropic resolution of 320 μm are presented, setting the stage for hybrid imaging at ultra-high field. Further, metabolic imaging is discussed and high-resolution images of the sodium distribution are presented. Examples of tumour imaging on a 3 T MR-PET system are presented and discussed. Finally, the perspectives for multi-modal imaging are discussed based on two on-going studies, the first comparing MR and PET methods for the measurement of perfusion and the second which looks at tumour delineation based on MRI contrasts but the knowledge of tumour extent is based on simultaneously acquired PET data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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26
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Parasoglou P, Xia D, Chang G, Regatte RR. Dynamic three-dimensional imaging of phosphocreatine recovery kinetics in the human lower leg muscles at 3T and 7T: a preliminary study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:348-56. [PMID: 23065754 PMCID: PMC3696475 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis after physical exercise has been extensively studied with phosphorus (³¹P)-MRS. Previous studies have used small surface coils that were limited to measuring one superficial muscle per experiment. This study focuses on the development and implementation of a spectrally selective three-dimensional turbo spin echo (3D-TSE) sequence at 3T and 7T with temporal resolution of 24 s, using two geometrically identical volume coils. We acquired imaging data of PCr recovery from four healthy volunteers and one diabetic patient, who performed plantar flexions using resistance bands. We segmented the anatomical regions of six different muscles from the lower leg, namely the gastrocnemius [lateral (GL) and medial (GM)], the tibialis [anterior (TA) and posterior (TP)], the soleus (S) and the peroneus (P) and measured the local PCr resynthesis rate constants. During the same examination, we also acquired unlocalized (³¹P-MRS data at a temporal resolution of 6 s. At 3T, the PCr resynthesis rate constants were measured at 25.4 ± 3.7 s [n = 4, mean ± standard deviation (SD)] using the MRS method and 25.6 ± 4.4 s using the MRI method. At 7T, the measured rates were 26.4 ± 3.2 s and 26.2 ± 4.7 s for MRS and MRI. Using our imaging method, we measured the local PCr resynthesis rate constants in six individual muscles of the lower leg (min/max 20.2/31.7 ). The recovery rate constants measured for the diabetic patient were 55.5 s (MRS) and 52.7 s (MRI). The successful implementation of our 3D-method suggests that imaging is possible at both fields with a relatively high spatial resolution (voxel size: 4.2 mL at 3T and 1.6 mL at 7T) using volume coils and that local PCr resynthesis rates can be obtained in a single measurement. The advantage of the imaging method is that it can highlight differences in PCr resynthesis rates between different muscles in a single measurement in order to study spatial gradients of metabolic properties of diseased states for which very little is currently known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Parasoglou
- Quantitative Multinuclear Musculoskeletal Imaging Group, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Parasoglou P, Feng L, Xia D, Otazo R, Regatte RR. Rapid 3D-imaging of phosphocreatine recovery kinetics in the human lower leg muscles with compressed sensing. Magn Reson Med 2012; 68:1738-46. [PMID: 23023624 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis following physical exercise is an accepted index of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and has been studied extensively with unlocalized (31)P-MRS methods and small surface coils. Imaging experiments using volume coils that measure several muscles simultaneously can provide new insights into the variability of muscle function in healthy and diseased states. However, they are limited by long acquisition times relative to the dynamics of PCr recovery. This work focuses on the implementation of a compressed sensing technique to accelerate imaging of PCr resynthesis following physical exercise, using a modified three-dimensional turbo-spin-echo sequence and principal component analysis as sparsifying transform. The compressed sensing technique was initially validated using 2-fold retrospective undersampling of fully sampled data from four volunteers acquired on a 7T MRI system (voxel size: 1.6 mL, temporal resolution: 24 s), which led to an accurate estimation of the mono-exponential PCr resynthesis rate constant (mean error <6.4%). Acquisitions with prospective 2-fold acceleration (temporal resolution: 12 s) demonstrated that three-dimensional mapping of PCr resynthesis is possible at a temporal resolution that is sufficiently high for characterizing the recovery curve of several muscles in a single measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Parasoglou
- Department of Radiology, Quantitative Multinuclear Musculoskeletal Imaging Group (QMMIG), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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