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Zhong X, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SAR, Dale BM, Han F, Gao C, Shih SF, Dai Q, Curiel O, Tsao TC, Wu HH, Deshpande V. Accelerated free-breathing liver fat and R 2 * quantification using multi-echo stack-of-radial MRI with motion-resolved multidimensional regularized reconstruction: Initial retrospective evaluation. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1149-1161. [PMID: 38650444 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve image quality, mitigate quantification biases and variations for free-breathing liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) andR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ quantification accelerated by radial k-space undersampling. METHODS A free-breathing multi-echo stack-of-radial MRI method was developed with compressed sensing with multidimensional regularization. It was validated in motion phantoms with reference acquisitions without motion and in 11 subjects (6 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) with reference breath-hold Cartesian acquisitions. Images, PDFF, andR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ maps were reconstructed using different radial view k-space sampling factors and reconstruction settings. Results were compared with reference-standard results using Bland-Altman analysis. Using linear mixed-effects model fitting (p < 0.05 considered significant), mean and SD were evaluated for biases and variations of PDFF andR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ , respectively, and coefficient of variation on the first echo image was evaluated as a surrogate for image quality. RESULTS Using the empirically determined optimal sampling factor of 0.25 in the accelerated in vivo protocols, mean differences and limits of agreement for the proposed method were [-0.5; -33.6, 32.7] s-1 forR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and [-1.0%; -5.8%, 3.8%] for PDFF, close to those of a previous self-gating method using fully sampled radial views: [-0.1; -27.1, 27.0] s-1 forR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and [-0.4%; -4.5%, 3.7%] for PDFF. The proposed method had significantly lower coefficient of variation than other methods (p < 0.001). Effective acquisition time of 64 s or 59 s was achieved, compared with 171 s or 153 s for two baseline protocols with different radial views corresponding to sampling factor of 1.0. CONCLUSION This proposed method may allow accelerated free-breathing liver PDFF andR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ mapping with reduced biases and variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marcel D Nickel
- MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Brian M Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fei Han
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chang Gao
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Omar Curiel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vibhas Deshpande
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Austin, Texas, USA
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Shih SF, Wu HH. Free-breathing MRI techniques for fat and R 2* quantification in the liver. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10334-024-01187-2. [PMID: 39039272 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the recent advancements in free-breathing MRI techniques for proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* quantification in the liver, and discuss the current challenges and future opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work focused on recent developments of different MRI pulse sequences, motion management strategies, and reconstruction approaches that enable free-breathing liver PDFF and R2* quantification. RESULTS Different free-breathing liver PDFF and R2* quantification techniques have been evaluated in various cohorts, including healthy volunteers and patients with liver diseases, both in adults and children. Initial results demonstrate promising performance with respect to reference measurements. These techniques have a high potential impact on providing a solution to the clinical need of accurate liver fat and iron quantification in populations with limited breath-holding capacity. DISCUSSION As these free-breathing techniques progress toward clinical translation, studies of the linearity, bias, and repeatability of free-breathing PDFF and R2* quantification in a larger cohort are important. Scan acceleration and improved motion management also hold potential for further enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kafali SG, Bolster BD, Shih SF, Delgado TI, Deshpande V, Zhong X, Adamos TR, Ghahremani S, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Self-Gated Radial Free-Breathing Liver MR Elastography: Assessment of Technical Performance in Children at 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39036994 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional liver magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) requires breath-holding (BH) to avoid motion artifacts, which is challenging for children. While radial free-breathing (FB)-MRE is an alternative for quantifying liver stiffness (LS), previous methods had limitations of long scan times, acquiring two slices in 5 minutes, and not resolving motion during reconstruction. PURPOSE To reduce FB-MRE scan time to 4 minutes for four slices and to investigate the impact of self-gated (SG) motion compensation on FB-MRE LS quantification in terms of agreement, intrasession repeatability, and technical quality compared to conventional BH-MRE. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twenty-six children without fibrosis (median age: 12.9 years, 15 females). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; Cartesian gradient-echo (GRE) BH-MRE, research application radial GRE FB-MRE. ASSESSMENT Participants were scanned twice to measure repeatability, without moving the table or changing the participants' position. LS was measured in areas of the liver with numerical confidence ≥90%. Technical quality was examined using measurable liver area (%). STATISTICAL TESTS Agreement of LS between BH-MRE and FB-MRE was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis for SG acceptance rates of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. LS repeatability was assessed using within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV). The differences in LS and measurable liver area were examined using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS FB-MRE with 60% SG achieved the closest agreement with BH-MRE (mean difference 0.00 kPa). The LS ranged from 1.70 to 1.83 kPa with no significant differences between BH-MRE and FB-MRE with varying SG rates (P = 0.52). All tested methods produced repeatable LS with wCV from 4.4% to 6.5%. The median measurable liver area was smaller for FB-MRE (32%-45%) than that for BH-MRE (91%-93%) (P < 0.05). DATA CONCLUSION FB-MRE with 60% SG can quantify LS with close agreement and comparable repeatability with respect to BH-MRE in children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gokce Kafali
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bradley D Bolster
- US MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timoteo I Delgado
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vibhas Deshpande
- US MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy R Adamos
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shahnaz Ghahremani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Daudé P, Troalen T, Mackowiak ALC, Royer E, Piccini D, Yerly J, Pfeuffer J, Kober F, Gouny SC, Bernard M, Stuber M, Bastiaansen JAM, Rapacchi S. Trajectory correction enables free-running chemical shift encoded imaging for accurate cardiac proton-density fat fraction quantification at 3T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2024; 26:101048. [PMID: 38878970 PMCID: PMC11269917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic diseases can negatively alter epicardial fat accumulation and composition, which can be probed using quantitative cardiac chemical shift encoded (CSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) by mapping proton-density fat fraction (PDFF). To obtain motion-resolved high-resolution PDFF maps, we proposed a free-running cardiac CSE-CMR framework at 3T. To employ faster bipolar readout gradients, a correction for gradient imperfections was added using the gradient impulse response function (GIRF) and evaluated on intermediate images and PDFF quantification. METHODS Ten minutes free-running cardiac 3D radial CSE-CMR acquisitions were compared in vitro and in vivo at 3T. Monopolar and bipolar readout gradient schemes provided 8 echoes (TE1/ΔTE = 1.16/1.96 ms) and 13 echoes (TE1/ΔTE = 1.12/1.07 ms), respectively. Bipolar-gradient free-running cardiac fat and water images and PDFF maps were reconstructed with or without GIRF correction. PDFF values were evaluated in silico, in vitro on a fat/water phantom, and in vivo in 10 healthy volunteers and 3 diabetic patients. RESULTS In monopolar mode, fat-water swaps were demonstrated in silico and confirmed in vitro. Using bipolar readout gradients, PDFF quantification was reliable and accurate with GIRF correction with a mean bias of 0.03% in silico and 0.36% in vitro while it suffered from artifacts without correction, leading to a PDFF bias of 4.9% in vitro and swaps in vivo. Using bipolar readout gradients, in vivo PDFF of epicardial adipose tissue was significantly lower compared to subcutaneous fat (80.4 ± 7.1% vs 92.5 ± 4.3%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Aiming for an accurate PDFF quantification, high-resolution free-running cardiac CSE-MRI imaging proved to benefit from bipolar echoes with k-space trajectory correction at 3T. This free-breathing acquisition framework enables to investigate epicardial adipose tissue PDFF in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Daudé
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Adèle L C Mackowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translation Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Emilien Royer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
| | - Davide Piccini
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jérôme Yerly
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeuffer
- Siemens Healthcare, MR Application Development, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
| | - Sylviane Confort Gouny
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translation Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stanislas Rapacchi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
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Kang M, Behr GG, Jafari R, Gambarin M, Otazo R, Kee Y. Free-breathing high isotropic resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of liver using 3D multi-echo UTE cones acquisition and respiratory motion-resolved image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1844-1858. [PMID: 37392413 PMCID: PMC10529485 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable free-breathing and high isotropic resolution liver quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using 3D multi-echo UTE cones acquisition and respiratory motion-resolved image reconstruction. METHODS Using 3D multi-echo UTE cones MRI, a respiratory motion was estimated from the k-space center of the imaging data. After sorting the k-space data with estimated motion, respiratory motion state-resolved reconstruction was performed for multi-echo data followed by nonlinear least-squares fitting for proton density fat fraction (PDFF),R 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ , and fat-corrected B0 field maps. PDFF and B0 field maps were subsequently used for QSM reconstruction. The proposed method was compared with motion-averaged (gridding) reconstruction and conventional 3D multi-echo Cartesian MRI in moving gadolinium phantom and in vivo studies. Region of interest (ROI)-based linear regression analysis was performed on these methods to investigate correlations between gadolinium concentration and QSM in the phantom study and betweenR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and QSM in in vivo study. RESULTS Cones with motion-resolved reconstruction showed sharper image quality compared to motion-averaged reconstruction with a substantial reduction of motion artifacts in both moving phantom and in vivo studies. For ROI-based linear regression analysis of the phantom study, susceptibility values from cones with motion-resolved reconstruction (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.31 × gadolinium mM + $$ \times {\mathrm{gadolinium}}_{\mathrm{mM}}+ $$ 0.05,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 0.999) and Cartesian without motion (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.32× gadolinium mM + $$ \times {\mathrm{gadolinium}}_{\mathrm{mM}}+ $$ 0.04,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 1.000) showed linear relationships with gadolinium concentrations and showed good agreement with each other. For in vivo, motion-resolved reconstruction showed higher goodness of fit (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.00261 × R 2 s - 1 * - $$ \times {\mathrm{R}}_{2_{{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}}^{\ast }- $$ 0.524,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 0.977) compared to motion-averaged reconstruction (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.0021 × R 2 s - 1 * - $$ \times {\mathrm{R}}_{2_{{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}}^{\ast }- $$ 0.572,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 0.723) in ROI-based linear regression analysis betweenR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and QSM. CONCLUSION Feasibility of free-breathing liver QSM was demonstrated with motion-resolved 3D multi-echo UTE cones MRI, achieving high isotropic resolution currently unachievable in conventional Cartesian MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- MungSoo Kang
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gerald G. Behr
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramin Jafari
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maya Gambarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Youngwook Kee
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Tsujita Y, Sofue K, Ueshima E, Ueno Y, Hori M, Murakami T. Clinical Application of Quantitative MR Imaging in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Magn Reson Med Sci 2023; 22:435-445. [PMID: 35584952 PMCID: PMC10552668 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis was previously the most common cause of chronic liver disease. However, in recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases have been increasing, especially in developed countries. NAFLD is histologically characterized by fat, fibrosis, and inflammation in the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of the liver parenchyma, quantitative evaluation methods, such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI, have been reported to have good diagnostic performances. The quantification of liver fat, fibrosis, and inflammation is expected to be clinically useful in terms of the prognosis, early intervention, and treatment response for the management of NAFLD. The aim of this review was to discuss the basics and prospects of MRI-based tissue quantifications of the liver, mainly focusing on proton density fat fraction for the quantification of fat deposition, MR elastography for the quantification of fibrosis, and multifrequency MR elastography for the evaluation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Tsujita
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ueno
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Tan Z, Unterberg-Buchwald C, Blumenthal M, Scholand N, Schaten P, Holme C, Wang X, Raddatz D, Uecker M. Free-Breathing Liver Fat, R₂* and B₀ Field Mapping Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-Based Reconstruction. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 42:1374-1387. [PMID: 37015368 PMCID: PMC10368089 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3228075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This work introduced a stack-of-radial multi-echo asymmetric-echo MRI sequence for free-breathing liver volumetric acquisition. Regularized model-based reconstruction was implemented in Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART) to jointly estimate all physical parameter maps (water, fat, R2∗ , and B0 field inhomogeneity maps) and coil sensitivity maps from self-gated k -space data. Specifically, locally low rank and temporal total variation regularization were employed directly on physical parameter maps. The proposed free-breathing radial technique was tested on a water/fat & iron phantom, a young volunteer, and obesity/diabetes/hepatic steatosis patients. Quantitative fat fraction and R2∗ accuracy were confirmed by comparing our technique with the reference breath-hold Cartesian scan. The multi-echo radial sampling sequence achieves fast k -space coverage and is robust to motion. Moreover, the proposed motion-resolved model-based reconstruction allows for free-breathing liver fat and R2∗ quantification in multiple motion states. Overall, our proposed technique offers a convenient tool for non-invasive liver assessment with no breath holding requirement.
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Shih SF, Kafali SG, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Uncertainty-aware physics-driven deep learning network for free-breathing liver fat and R 2 * quantification using self-gated stack-of-radial MRI. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1567-1585. [PMID: 36426730 PMCID: PMC9892263 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a deep learning-based method for rapid liver proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2 * quantification with built-in uncertainty estimation using self-gated free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI. METHODS This work developed an uncertainty-aware physics-driven deep learning network (UP-Net) to (1) suppress radial streaking artifacts because of undersampling after self-gating, (2) calculate accurate quantitative maps, and (3) provide pixel-wise uncertainty maps. UP-Net incorporated a phase augmentation strategy, generative adversarial network architecture, and an MRI physics loss term based on a fat-water and R2 * signal model. UP-Net was trained and tested using free-breathing multi-echo stack-of-radial MRI data from 105 subjects. UP-Net uncertainty scores were calibrated in a validation dataset and used to predict quantification errors for liver PDFF and R2 * in a testing dataset. RESULTS Compared with images reconstructed using compressed sensing (CS), UP-Net achieved structural similarity index >0.87 and normalized root mean squared error <0.18. Compared with reference quantitative maps generated using CS and graph-cut (GC) algorithms, UP-Net achieved low mean differences (MD) for liver PDFF (-0.36%) and R2 * (-0.37 s-1 ). Compared with breath-holding Cartesian MRI results, UP-Net achieved low MD for liver PDFF (0.53%) and R2 * (6.75 s-1 ). UP-Net uncertainty scores predicted absolute liver PDFF and R2 * errors with low MD of 0.27% and 0.12 s-1 compared to CS + GC results. The computational time for UP-Net was 79 ms/slice, whereas CS + GC required 3.2 min/slice. CONCLUSION UP-Net rapidly calculates accurate liver PDFF and R2 * maps from self-gated free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI. The pixel-wise uncertainty maps from UP-Net predict quantification errors in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sevgi Gokce Kafali
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kara L. Calkins
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holden H. Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhao R, Velikina J, Reeder SB, Vasanawala S, Jeng M, Hernando D. Validation of liver quantitative susceptibility mapping across imaging parameters at 1.5 T and 3.0 T using SQUID susceptometry as reference. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1418-1428. [PMID: 36408802 PMCID: PMC9892291 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate QSM-based biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) to measure liver iron overload at 1.5 T and 3.0 T using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID)-based BLS as reference. METHODS Subjects with known or suspected iron overload were recruited for QSM-BLS at 1.5 T and 3.0 T using eight different protocols. SQUID-BLS was also obtained in each subject to provide susceptibility reference. A recent QSM method based on data-adaptive regularization was used to obtain susceptibility and R 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ maps. Measurements of susceptibility and R 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ were obtained in the right liver lobe. Linear mixed-effects analysis was used to estimate the contribution of specific acquisition parameters to QSM-BLS. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess the relationship between QSM-BLS and SQUID-BLS/ R 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ . RESULTS Susceptibility maps showed high subjective quality for each acquisition protocol across different iron levels. High linear correlation was observed between QSM-BLS and SQUID-BLS at 1.5 T (r2 range, [0.82, 0.84]) and 3.0 T (r2 range, [0.77, 0.85]) across different acquisition protocols. QSM-BLS and R 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ were highly correlated at both field strengths (r2 range at 1.5 T, [0.94, 0.99]; 3.0 T, [0.93, 0.99]). High correlation (r2 = 0.99) between 1.5 T and 3.0 T QSM-BLS, with narrow reproducibility coefficients (range, [0.13, 0.21] ppm) were observed for each protocol. CONCLUSION This work evaluated the feasibility and performance of liver QSM-BLS across iron levels and acquisition protocols at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. High correlation and reproducibility were observed between QSM-BLS and SQUID-BLS across protocols and field strengths. In summary, QSM-BLS may enable reliable and reproducible quantification of liver iron concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Julia Velikina
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Scott B. Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Michael Jeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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10
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Story JD, Ghahremani S, Kafali SG, Shih SF, Kuwahara KJ, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Using Free-Breathing MRI to Quantify Pancreatic Fat and Investigate Spatial Heterogeneity in Children. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:508-518. [PMID: 35778376 PMCID: PMC9805469 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI acquisition for pediatric pancreatic fat quantification is limited by breath-holds (BH). Full segmentation (FS) or small region of interest (ROI) analysis methods may not account for pancreatic fat spatial heterogeneity, which may limit accuracy. PURPOSE To improve MRI acquisition and analysis for quantifying pancreatic proton-density fat fraction (pPDFF) in children by investigating free-breathing (FB)-MRI, characterizing pPDFF spatial heterogeneity, and relating pPDFF to clinical markers. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 34 children, including healthy (N = 16, 8 female) and overweight (N = 18, 5 female) subjects. FIELD STRENGTH AND SEQUENCES 3 T; multiecho gradient-echo three-dimensional (3D) stack-of-stars FB-MRI, multiecho gradient-echo 3D Cartesian BH-MRI. ASSESSMENT A radiologist measured FS- and ROI-based pPDFF on FB-MRI and BH-MRI PDFF maps, with anatomical images as references. Regional pPDFF in the pancreatic head, body, and tail were measured on FB-MRI. FS-pPDFF, ROI-pPDFF, and regional pPDFF were compared, and related to clinical markers, including hemoglobin A1c. STATISTICAL TESTS T-test, Bland-Altman analysis, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), one-way analysis of variance, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS FS-pPDFF and ROI-pPDFF from FB-MRI and BH-MRI had mean difference = 0.4%; CCC was 0.95 for FS-pPDFF and 0.62 for ROI-pPDFF. FS-pPDFF was higher than ROI-pPDFF (10.4% ± 6.4% vs. 4.2% ± 2.8%). Tail-pPDFF (11.6% ± 8.1%) was higher than body-pPDFF (8.9% ± 6.3%) and head-pPDFF (8.7% ± 5.2%). Head-pPDFF and body-pPDFF positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c. DATA CONCLUSION FB-MRI pPDFF is comparable to BH-MRI. Spatial heterogeneity affects pPDFF quantification. Regional measurements of pPDFF in the head and body were correlated with hemoglobin A1c, a marker of insulin sensitivity. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Story
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shahnaz Ghahremani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sevgi Gokce Kafali
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Kuwahara
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kara L. Calkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, and the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Holden H. Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Eldeniz C. Editorial for "Using Free-Breathing MRI to Quantify Pancreatic Fat and Investigate Spatial Heterogeneity in Children". J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:519-520. [PMID: 35781723 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Eldeniz
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Gao C, Ghodrati V, Shih SF, Wu HH, Liu Y, Nickel MD, Vahle T, Dale B, Sai V, Felker E, Surawech C, Miao Q, Finn JP, Zhong X, Hu P. Undersampling artifact reduction for free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial MRI based on a deep adversarial learning network. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 95:70-79. [PMID: 36270417 PMCID: PMC10163826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stack-of-radial MRI allows free-breathing abdominal scans, however, it requires relatively long acquisition time. Undersampling reduces scan time but can cause streaking artifacts and degrade image quality. This study developed deep learning networks with adversarial loss and evaluated the performance of reducing streaking artifacts and preserving perceptual image sharpness. METHODS A 3D generative adversarial network (GAN) was developed for reducing streaking artifacts in stack-of-radial abdominal scans. Training and validation datasets were self-gated to 5 respiratory states to reduce motion artifacts and to effectively augment the data. The network used a combination of three loss functions to constrain the anatomy and preserve image quality: adversarial loss, mean-squared-error loss and structural similarity index loss. The performance of the network was investigated for 3-5 times undersampled data from 2 institutions. The performance of the GAN for 5 times accelerated images was compared with a 3D U-Net and evaluated using quantitative NMSE, SSIM and region of interest (ROI) measurements as well as qualitative scores of radiologists. RESULTS The 3D GAN showed similar NMSE (0.0657 vs. 0.0559, p = 0.5217) and significantly higher SSIM (0.841 vs. 0.798, p < 0.0001) compared to U-Net. ROI analysis showed GAN removed streaks in both the background air and the tissue and was not significantly different from the reference mean and variations. Radiologists' scores showed GAN had a significant improvement of 1.6 point (p = 0.004) on a 4-point scale in streaking score while no significant difference in sharpness score compared to the input. CONCLUSION 3D GAN removes streaking artifacts and preserves perceptual image details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Inter-Departmental Graduate Program of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vahid Ghodrati
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Inter-Departmental Graduate Program of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Inter-Departmental Graduate Program of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yongkai Liu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Inter-Departmental Graduate Program of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Thomas Vahle
- MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Cary, NC, United States
| | - Victor Sai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ely Felker
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chuthaporn Surawech
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - J Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Inter-Departmental Graduate Program of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Inter-Departmental Graduate Program of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Rohani SC, Morin CE, Zhong X, Kannengiesser S, Shrestha U, Goode C, Holtrop J, Khan A, Loeffler RB, Hankins JS, Hillenbrand CM, Tipirneni-Sajja A. Hepatic Iron Quantification Using a Free-Breathing 3D Radial Gradient Echo Technique and Validation With a 2D Biopsy-Calibrated R 2* Relaxometry Method. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 55:1407-1416. [PMID: 34545639 PMCID: PMC10424632 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic iron content (HIC) is an important parameter for the management of iron overload. Non-invasive HIC assessment is often performed using biopsy-calibrated two-dimensional breath-hold Cartesian gradient echo (2D BH GRE) R2* -MRI. However, breath-holding is not possible in most pediatric patients or those with respiratory problems, and three-dimensional free-breathing radial GRE (3D FB rGRE) has emerged as a viable alternative. PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of a 3D FB rGRE and validate its R2* and fat fraction (FF) quantification with 3D breath-hold Cartesian GRE (3D BH cGRE) and biopsy-calibrated 2D BH GRE across a wide range of HICs. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Twenty-nine patients with hepatic iron overload (22 females, median age: 15 [5-25] years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Three-dimensional radial and 2D and 3D Cartesian multi-echo GRE at 1.5 T. ASSESSMENT R2* and FF maps were computed for 3D GREs using a multi-spectral fat model and 2D GRE R2* maps were calculated using a mono-exponential model. Mean R2* and FF values were calculated via whole-liver contouring and T2* -thresholding by three operators. STATISTICAL TESTS Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was assessed using Bland-Altman and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare R2* and FF values among the three acquisitions. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, respectively, were used to test for significant differences between R2* and FF values obtained with different acquisitions. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05. RESULTS The mean biases and ICC for inter- and intra-observer reproducibility were close to 0% and >0.99, respectively for both R2* and FF. The 3D FB rGRE R2* and FF values were not significantly different (P > 0.44) and highly correlated (R2 ≥ 0.98) with breath-hold Cartesian GREs, with mean biases ≤ ±2.5% and slopes 0.90-1.12. In non-breath-holding patients, Cartesian GREs showed motion artifacts, whereas 3D FB rGRE exhibited only minimal streaking artifacts. DATA CONCLUSION Free-breathing 3D radial GRE is a viable alternative in non-breath-hold patients for accurate HIC estimation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawyon Chase Rohani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cara E. Morin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Utsav Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chris Goode
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph Holtrop
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ayaz Khan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ralf B. Loeffler
- Research Imaging NSW, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jane S. Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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14
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Starekova J, Zhao R, Colgan TJ, Johnson KM, Rehm JL, Wells SA, Reeder SB, Hernando D. Improved free-breathing liver fat and iron quantification using a 2D chemical shift–encoded MRI with flip angle modulation and motion-corrected averaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:5458-5467. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Rasmussen JM, Thompson PM, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Fetal programming of human energy homeostasis brain networks: Issues and considerations. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13392. [PMID: 34845821 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a transdisciplinary framework and testable hypotheses regarding the process of fetal programming of energy homeostasis brain circuitry. Our model proposes that key aspects of energy homeostasis brain circuitry already are functional by the time of birth (with substantial interindividual variation); that this phenotypic variation at birth is an important determinant of subsequent susceptibility for energy imbalance and childhood obesity risk; and that this brain circuitry exhibits developmental plasticity, in that it is influenced by conditions during intrauterine life, particularly maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic processes and their upstream determinants. We review evidence that supports the scientific premise for each element of this formulation, identify future research directions, particularly recent advances that may facilitate a better quantification of the ontogeny of energy homeostasis brain networks, highlight animal and in vitro-based approaches that may better address the determinants of interindividual variation in energy homeostasis brain networks, and discuss the implications of this formulation for the development of strategies targeted towards the primary prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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16
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Peng H, Cheng C, Wan Q, Jia S, Wang S, Lv J, Liang D, Liu W, Liu X, Zheng H, Zou C. Fast multi-parametric imaging in abdomen by B 1 + corrected dual-flip angle sequence with interleaved echo acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:2194-2208. [PMID: 34888911 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve simultaneous T1, w /proton density fat fraction (PDFF)/ R 2 ∗ mapping in abdomen within a single breadth-hold, and validate the accuracy using state-of-art measurement. THEORY AND METHODS An optimized multiple echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence with dual flip-angle acquisition was used to realize simultaneous water T1 (T1, w )/PDFF/ R 2 ∗ quantification. A new method, referred to as "solving the fat-water ambiguity based on their T1 difference" (SORT), was proposed to address the fat-water separation problem. This method was based on the finding that compared to the true solution, the wrong (or aliased) solution to fat-water separation problem showed extra dependency on the applied flip angle due to the T1 difference between fat and water. The B 1 + measurement sequence was applied to correct the B 1 + inhomogeneity for T1, w relaxometry. The 2D parallel imaging was incorporated to enable the acquisition within a single breath-hold in abdomen. RESULTS The multi-parametric quantification results of the proposed method were consistent with the results of reference methods in phantom experiments (PDFF quantification: R2 = 0.993, mean error 0.73%; T1, w quantification: R2 = 0.999, mean error 4.3%; R 2 ∗ quantification: R2 = 0.949, mean error 4.07 s-1 ). For volunteer studies, robust fat-water separation was achieved without evident fat-water swaps. Based on the accurate fat-water separation, simultaneous T1, w /PDFF/ R 2 ∗ quantification was realized for whole liver within a single breath-hold. CONCLUSION The proposed method accurately quantified T1, w /PDFF/ R 2 ∗ for the whole liver within a single breath-hold. This technique serves as a quantitative tool for disease management in patients with hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanli Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Jia
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxun Lv
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Starekova J, Hernando D, Pickhardt PJ, Reeder SB. Quantification of Liver Fat Content with CT and MRI: State of the Art. Radiology 2021; 301:250-262. [PMID: 34546125 PMCID: PMC8574059 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is defined as pathologically elevated liver fat content and has many underlying causes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with an increasing prevalence among adults and children. Abnormal liver fat accumulation has serious consequences, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, hepatic steatosis is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and, most important, cardiovascular mortality. During the past 2 decades, noninvasive imaging-based methods for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis have been developed and disseminated. Chemical shift-encoded MRI is now established as the most accurate and precise method for liver fat quantification. CT is important for the detection and quantification of incidental steatosis and may play an increasingly prominent role in risk stratification, particularly with the emergence of CT-based screening and artificial intelligence. Quantitative imaging methods are increasingly used for diagnostic work-up and management of steatosis, including treatment monitoring. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to provide an overview of recent progress and current state of the art for liver fat quantification using CT and MRI, as well as important practical considerations related to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Starekova
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Diego Hernando
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Scott B Reeder
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705
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Armstrong T, Zhong X, Shih SF, Felker E, Lu DS, Dale BM, Wu HH. Free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial MRI quantification of liver fat and R 2* in adults with fatty liver disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 85:141-152. [PMID: 34662702 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the agreement, intra-session repeatability, and inter-reader agreement of liver proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* quantification using free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial MRI, with and without self-gated motion compensation, compared to reference breath-hold techniques in subjects with fatty liver disease (FLD). METHODS In this institutional review board-approved prospective study, thirty-eight adults with FLD and/or iron overload (24 male, 58 ± 12 years) were imaged at 3T using free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI, breath-hold 3D Cartesian MRI, and breath-hold single-voxel MR spectroscopy (SVS). Each sequence was acquired twice in random order. To assess agreement compared to reference breath-hold techniques, the dependency of liver PDFF and/or R2* quantification on the sequence, radial sampling factor, and radial self-gating temporal resolution was assessed by calculating the Bayesian mean difference (MDB) of the posteriors. Intra-session repeatability and inter-reader agreement (two independent readers) were assessed by the coefficient of repeatability (CR) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. RESULTS Thirty-five participants (21 male, 57 ± 12 years) were included for analysis. Both free-breathing radial MRI techniques (with and without self-gating) achieved ICC ≥ 0.92 for quantifying PDFF and R2*, and quantified PDFF with MDB < 1.2% compared to breath-hold techniques. Free-breathing radial MRI required self-gating to accurately quantify R2* (MDB < 10s-1 with self-gating; MDB < 50s-1 without self-gating). The radial sampling factor affected PDFF and R2* quantification while the radial self-gating temporal resolution only affected R2* quantification. Repeated self-gated free-breathing radial MRI scans achieved CR < 3% and CR < 27 s-1 for PDFF and R2*, respectively. CONCLUSION A free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI technique with self-gating demonstrated agreement, repeatability, and inter-reader agreement compared to reference breath-hold techniques for quantification of liver PDFF and R2* in adults with FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ely Felker
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David S Lu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian M Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Cary, NC, United States
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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19
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Zhong X, Armstrong T, Gao C, Nickel MD, Han F, Dale BM, Li X, Kafali SG, Hu P, Wu HH, Deshpande V. Accelerated k-space shift calibration for free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI quantification of liver fat and R 2 ∗. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:281-291. [PMID: 34412158 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an accelerated k-space shift calibration method for free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial MRI quantification of liver proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and R 2 ∗ . METHODS Accelerated k-space shift calibration was developed to partially skip acquisition of k-space shift data in the through-plane direction then interpolate in processing, as well as to reduce the in-plane averages. A multi-echo stack-of-radial sequence with the baseline calibration was evaluated on a phantom versus vendor-provided reference-standard PDFF and R 2 ∗ values at 1.5T, and in 13 healthy subjects and 5 clinical subjects at 3T with respect to reference-standard breath-hold Cartesian acquisitions. PDFF and R 2 ∗ maps were calculated with different calibration acceleration factors offline and compared to reference-standard values using Bland-Altman analysis. Bias and uncertainty were evaluated using normal distribution and Bayesian probability of difference (P < .05 considered significant). RESULTS Bland-Altman plots of phantom and in vivo data showed that substantial acceleration was highly feasible in both through-plane and in-plane directions. Compared to the baseline calibration without acceleration, Bayesian analysis revealed no significant differences on biases and uncertainties of PDFF and R 2 ∗ measurements with all acceleration methods in this study, except the method with through-plane acceleration equaling slices and averages equaling 20 for PDFF and R 2 ∗ (both P < .001) for the phantom. A six-fold reduction in equivalent calibration acquisition time (time saving ≥25 s and ≥80.7%) was achieved using recommended acceleration factors for the in vivo protocols in this study. CONCLUSION This proposed method may allow accelerated calibration for free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI PDFF and R 2 ∗ mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marcel D Nickel
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fei Han
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian M Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xinzhou Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sevgi G Kafali
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vibhas Deshpande
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, Austin, Texas, USA
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20
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Duffy PB, Stemmer A, Callahan MJ, Cravero JP, Johnston PR, Warfield SK, Bixby SD. Free-breathing radial stack-of-stars three-dimensional Dixon gradient echo sequence in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in sedated pediatric patients. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1645-1653. [PMID: 33830291 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong need for improvements in motion robust T1-weighted abdominal imaging sequences in children to enable high-quality, free-breathing imaging. OBJECTIVE To compare imaging time and quality of a radial stack-of-stars, free-breathing T1-weighted gradient echo acquisition (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination [VIBE]) three-dimensional (3-D) Dixon sequence in sedated pediatric patients undergoing abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) against conventional Cartesian T1-weighed sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board with informed consent obtained from all subjects. Study subjects included 31 pediatric patients (19 male, 12 female; median age: 5 years; interquartile range: 5 years) undergoing abdominal MRI at 3 tesla with a free-breathing T1-weighted radial stack-of-stars 3-D VIBE Dixon prototype sequence, StarVIBE Dixon (radial technique), between October 2018 and June 2019 with previous abdominal MR imaging using conventional Cartesian T1-weighed imaging (traditional technique). MRI component times were recorded as well as the total number of non-contrast T1-weighted sequences. Two radiologists independently rated images for quality using a scale from 1 to 5 according to the following metrics: overall image quality, hepatic edge sharpness, hepatic vessel clarity and respiratory motion robustness. Scores were compared between the groups. RESULTS Mean T1-weighted imaging times for all subjects were 3.63 min for radial exams and 8.01 min for traditional exams (P<0.001), and total non-contrast imaging time was 32.7 min vs. 43.9 min (P=0.002). Adjusted mean total MRI time for all subjects was 60.2 min for radial exams and 65.7 min for traditional exams (P=0.387). The mean number of non-contrast T1-weighted sequences performed in radial MRI exams was 1.0 compared to 1.9 (range: 0-6) in traditional exams (P<0.001). StarVIBE Dixon outperformed Cartesian methods in all quality metrics. The mean overall image quality (scale 1-5) was 3.95 for radial exams and 3.31 for traditional exams (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Radial stack-of-stars 3-D VIBE Dixon during free-breathing abdominal MRI in pediatric patients offers improved image quality compared to Cartesian T1-weighted imaging techniques with decreased T1-weighted and total non-contrast imaging time. This has important implications for children undergoing sedation for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Duffy
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Michael J Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joseph P Cravero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick R Johnston
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah D Bixby
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Feng L, Liu F, Soultanidis G, Liu C, Benkert T, Block KT, Fayad ZA, Yang Y. Magnetization-prepared GRASP MRI for rapid 3D T1 mapping and fat/water-separated T1 mapping. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:97-114. [PMID: 33580909 PMCID: PMC8197608 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to (i) develop Magnetization-Prepared Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel (MP-GRASP) MRI using a stack-of-stars trajectory for rapid free-breathing T1 mapping and (ii) extend MP-GRASP to multi-echo acquisition (MP-Dixon-GRASP) for fat/water-separated (water-specific) T1 mapping. METHODS An adiabatic non-selective 180° inversion-recovery pulse was added to a gradient-echo-based golden-angle stack-of-stars sequence for magnetization-prepared 3D single-echo or 3D multi-echo acquisition. In combination with subspace-based GRASP-Pro reconstruction, the sequence allows for standard T1 mapping (MP-GRASP) or fat/water-separated T1 mapping (MP-Dixon-GRASP), respectively. The accuracy of T1 mapping using MP-GRASP was evaluated in a phantom and volunteers (brain and liver) against clinically accepted reference methods. The repeatability of T1 estimation was also assessed in the phantom and volunteers. The performance of MP-Dixon-GRASP for water-specific T1 mapping was evaluated in a fat/water phantom and volunteers (brain and liver). RESULTS ROI-based mean T1 values are correlated between the references and MP-GRASP in the phantom (R2 = 1.0), brain (R2 = 0.96), and liver (R2 = 0.73). MP-GRASP achieved good repeatability of T1 estimation in the phantom (R2 = 1.0), brain (R2 = 0.99), and liver (R2 = 0.82). Water-specific T1 is different from in-phase and out-of-phase composite T1 (composite T1 when fat and water signal are mixed in phase or out of phase) both in the phantom and volunteers. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated the initial performance of MP-GRASP and MP-Dixon-GRASP MRI for rapid 3D T1 mapping and 3D fat/water-separated T1 mapping in the brain (without motion) and in the liver (during free breathing). With fat/water-separated T1 estimation, MP-Dixon-GRASP could be potentially useful for imaging patients with fatty-liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgios Soultanidis
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Benkert
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Tobias Block
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Shih SF, Kafali SG, Armstrong T, Zhong X, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Deep Learning-Based Parameter Mapping with Uncertainty Estimation for Fat Quantification using Accelerated Free-Breathing Radial MRI. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 2021:433-437. [PMID: 35024087 PMCID: PMC8745355 DOI: 10.1109/isbi48211.2021.9433938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning has been applied to remove artifacts from undersampled MRI and to replace time-consuming signal fitting in quantitative MRI, but these have usually been treated as separate tasks, which does not fully exploit the shared information. This work proposes a new two-stage framework that completes these two tasks in a concerted approach and also estimates the pixel-wise uncertainty levels. Results from accelerated free-breathing radial MRI for liver fat quantification demonstrate that the proposed framework can achieve high image quality from undersampled radial data, high accuracy for liver fat quantification, and detect uncertainty caused by noisy input data. The proposed framework achieved 3-fold acceleration to <1 min scan time and reduced the computational time for signal fitting to <100 ms/slice in free-breathing liver fat quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Shih
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sevgi Gokce Kafali
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Shih SF, Kafali SG, Armstrong T, Zhong X, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Deep Learning-Based Parameter Mapping with Uncertainty Estimation for Fat Quantification using Accelerated Free-Breathing Radial MRI. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 2021:433-437. [PMID: 35024087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning has been applied to remove artifacts from undersampled MRI and to replace time-consuming signal fitting in quantitative MRI, but these have usually been treated as separate tasks, which does not fully exploit the shared information. This work proposes a new two-stage framework that completes these two tasks in a concerted approach and also estimates the pixel-wise uncertainty levels. Results from accelerated free-breathing radial MRI for liver fat quantification demonstrate that the proposed framework can achieve high image quality from undersampled radial data, high accuracy for liver fat quantification, and detect uncertainty caused by noisy input data. The proposed framework achieved 3-fold acceleration to <1 min scan time and reduced the computational time for signal fitting to <100 ms/slice in free-breathing liver fat quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Shih
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sevgi Gokce Kafali
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Mojtahed A, Gee MS, Yokoo T. Pearls and Pitfalls of Metabolic Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Pediatric Population. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2020; 41:451-461. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Luo H, Zhu A, Wiens CN, Starekova J, Shimakawa A, Reeder SB, Johnson KM, Hernando D. Free-breathing liver fat and R 2 ∗ quantification using motion-corrected averaging based on a nonlocal means algorithm. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:653-666. [PMID: 32738089 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a motion-robust chemical shift-encoded (CSE) method with high signal-to-noise (SNR) for accurate quantification of liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R 2 ∗ . METHODS A free-breathing multi-repetition 2D CSE acquisition with motion-corrected averaging using nonlocal means (NLM) was proposed. PDFF and R 2 ∗ quantified with 2D CSE-NLM were compared to two alternative 2D techniques: direct averaging and single acquisition (2D 1ave) in a digital phantom. Further, 2D NLM was compared in patients to 3D techniques (standard breath-hold, free-breathing and navigated), and the alternative 2D techniques. A reader study and quantitative analysis (Bland-Altman, correlation analysis, paired Student's t-test) were performed to evaluate the image quality and assess PDFF and R 2 ∗ measurements in regions of interest. RESULTS In simulations, 2D NLM resulted in lower standard deviations (STDs) of PDFF (2.7%) and R 2 ∗ (8.2 s - 1 ) compared to direct averaging (PDFF: 3.1%, R 2 ∗ : 13.6 s - 1 ) and 2D 1ave (PDFF: 8.7%, R 2 ∗ : 33.2 s - 1 ). In patients, 2D NLM resulted in fewer motion artifacts than 3D free-breathing and 3D navigated, less signal loss than 2D direct averaging, and higher SNR than 2D 1ave. Quantitatively, the STDs of PDFF and R 2 ∗ of 2D NLM were comparable to those of 2D direct averaging (p>0.05). 2D NLM reduced bias, particularly in R 2 ∗ (-5.73 to -0.36 s - 1 ) that arises in direct averaging (-3.96 to 11.22 s - 1 ) in the presence of motion. CONCLUSIONS 2D CSE-NLM enables accurate mapping of PDFF and R 2 ∗ in the liver during free-breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Luo
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ante Zhu
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Curtis N Wiens
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jitka Starekova
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ann Shimakawa
- Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Zhong X, Hu HH, Armstrong T, Li X, Lee Y, Tsao T, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SA, Dale BM, Deshpande V, Kiefer B, Wu HH. Free‐Breathing Volumetric Liver and Proton Density Fat Fraction Quantification in Pediatric Patients Using Stack‐of‐Radial
MRI
With Self‐Gating Motion Compensation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:118-129. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Los Angeles California USA
| | - Houchun H. Hu
- Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
- Clinical Science, Hyperfine Guilford Connecticut USA
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Xinzhou Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Yu‐Hsiu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Tsu‐Chin Tsao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Marcel D. Nickel
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Brian M. Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Cary North Carolina USA
| | | | - Berthold Kiefer
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany
| | - Holden H. Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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27
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Bush AM, Sandino CM, Ramachandran S, Ong F, Dwork N, Zucker EJ, Syed AB, Pauly JM, Alley MT, Vasanawala SS. Rosette Trajectories Enable Ungated, Motion-Robust, Simultaneous Cardiac and Liver T 2 * Iron Assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1688-1698. [PMID: 32452088 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative T2 * MRI is the standard of care for the assessment of iron overload. However, patient motion corrupts T2 * estimates. PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a motion-robust, simultaneous cardiac and liver T2 * imaging approach using non-Cartesian, rosette sampling and a model-based reconstruction as compared to clinical-standard Cartesian MRI. STUDY TYPE Prospective. PHANTOM/POPULATION Six ferumoxytol-containing phantoms (26-288 μg/mL). Eight healthy subjects and 18 patients referred for clinically indicated iron overload assessment. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T, 2D Cartesian and rosette gradient echo (GRE) ASSESSMENT: GRE T2 * values were validated in ferumoxytol phantoms. In healthy subjects, test-retest and spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) analysis was performed during three breathing conditions. Cartesian and rosette T2 * were compared using correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Images were rated by three experienced radiologists on a 5-point scale. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired Student's t-testing were used to compare reproducibility and variability metrics in Cartesian and rosette scans. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess reader score comparisons and reader reliability was measured using intraclass correlation analysis. RESULTS Rosette R2* (1/T2 *) was linearly correlated with ferumoxytol concentration (r2 = 1.00) and not significantly different than Cartesian values (P = 0.16). During breath-holding, ungated rosette liver and heart T2 * had lower spatial CoV (liver: 18.4 ± 9.3% Cartesian, 8.8% ± 3.4% rosette, P = 0.02, heart: 37.7% ± 14.3% Cartesian, 13.4% ± 1.7% rosette, P = 0.001) and higher-quality scores (liver: 3.3 [3.0-3.6] Cartesian, 4.7 [4.1-4.9] rosette, P = 0.005, heart: 3.0 [2.3-3] Cartesian, 4.5 [3.8-5.0] rosette, P = 0.005) compared to Cartesian values. During free-breathing and failed breath-holding, Cartesian images had very poor to average image quality with significant artifacts, whereas rosette remained very good, with minimal artifacts (P = 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION Rosette k-sampling with a model-based reconstruction offers a clinically useful motion-robust T2 * mapping approach for iron quantification. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1688-1698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bush
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Sandino
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Shreya Ramachandran
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Frank Ong
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Evan J Zucker
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ali B Syed
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John M Pauly
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Marcus T Alley
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Schneider M, Benkert T, Solomon E, Nickel D, Fenchel M, Kiefer B, Maier A, Chandarana H, Block KT. Free-breathing fat and R 2 * quantification in the liver using a stack-of-stars multi-echo acquisition with respiratory-resolved model-based reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2592-2605. [PMID: 32301168 PMCID: PMC7396291 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a free‐breathing hepatic fat and
R2∗ quantification method by extending a previously described stack‐of‐stars model‐based fat‐water separation technique with additional modeling of the transverse relaxation rate
R2∗. Methods The proposed technique combines motion‐robust radial sampling using a stack‐of‐stars bipolar multi‐echo 3D GRE acquisition with iterative model‐based fat‐water separation. Parallel‐Imaging and Compressed‐Sensing principles are incorporated through modeling of the coil‐sensitivity profiles and enforcement of total‐variation (TV) sparsity on estimated water, fat, and
R2∗ parameter maps. Water and fat signals are used to estimate the confounder‐corrected proton‐density fat fraction (PDFF). Two strategies for handling respiratory motion are described: motion‐averaged and motion‐resolved reconstruction. Both techniques were evaluated in patients (n = 14) undergoing a hepatobiliary research protocol at 3T. PDFF and
R2∗ parameter maps were compared to a breath‐holding Cartesian reference approach. Results Linear regression analyses demonstrated strong (r > 0.96) and significant (P ≪ .01) correlations between radial and Cartesian PDFF measurements for both the motion‐averaged reconstruction (slope: 0.90; intercept: 0.07%) and the motion‐resolved reconstruction (slope: 0.90; intercept: 0.11%). The motion‐averaged technique overestimated hepatic
R2∗ values (slope: 0.35; intercept: 30.2 1/s) compared to the Cartesian reference. However, performing a respiratory‐resolved reconstruction led to better
R2∗ value consistency (slope: 0.77; intercept: 7.5 1/s). Conclusions The proposed techniques are promising alternatives to conventional Cartesian imaging for fat and
R2∗ quantification in patients with limited breath‐holding capabilities. For accurate
R2∗ estimation, respiratory‐resolved reconstruction should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schneider
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,MR Applications Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Benkert
- MR Applications Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eddy Solomon
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominik Nickel
- MR Applications Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fenchel
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions, New York, NY, USA
| | - Berthold Kiefer
- MR Applications Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Tobias Block
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Mahmud SZ, Gladden LB, Kavazis AN, Motl RW, Denney TS, Bashir A. Simultaneous Measurement of Perfusion and T 2* in Calf Muscle at 7T with Submaximal Exercise using Radial Acquisition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6342. [PMID: 32286372 PMCID: PMC7156440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in oxygen delivery and consumption can lead to reduced muscle endurance and physical disability. Perfusion, a measure of microvascular blood flow, provides information on nutrient delivery. T2* provides information about relative tissue oxygenation. Changes in these parameters following stress, such as exercise, can yield important information about imbalance between delivery and consumption. In this study, we implemented novel golden angle radial MRI acquisition technique to simultaneously quantify muscle perfusion and T2* at 7T with improved temporal resolution, and demonstrated assessment of spatial and temporal changes in these parameters within calf muscles during recovery from plantar flexion exercise. Nine healthy subjects participated the studies. At rest, perfusion and T2* in gastrocnemius muscle group within calf muscle were 5 ± 2 mL/100 g/min and 21.1 ± 3 ms respectively. Then the subjects performed plantar flexion exercise producing a torque of ~8ft-lb. Immediately after the exercise, perfusion was elevated to 79.3 ± 9 mL/100 g/min and T2* was decreased by 6 ± 3%. The time constants for 50% perfusion and T2* recovery were 54.1 ± 10 s and 68.5 ± 7 s respectively. These results demonstrate successful simultaneous quantification of perfusion and T2* in skeletal muscle using the developed technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Z Mahmud
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - L Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thomas S Denney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Adil Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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30
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Zhao R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Colgan TJ, Rehm JL, Reeder SB, Johnson KM, Hernando D. Motion-robust, high-SNR liver fat quantification using a 2D sequential acquisition with a variable flip angle approach. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2004-2017. [PMID: 32243665 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemical shift encoded (CSE)-MRI enables quantification of proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) as a biomarker of liver fat content. However, conventional 3D Cartesian CSE-MRI methods require breath-holding. A motion-robust 2D Cartesian sequential method addresses this limitation but suffers from low SNR. In this work, a novel free breathing 2D Cartesian sequential CSE-MRI method using a variable flip angle approach with centric phase encoding (VFA-centric) is developed to achieve fat quantification with low T 1 bias, high SNR, and minimal blurring. METHODS Numerical simulation was performed for variable flip angle schedule design and preliminary evaluation of VFA-centric method, along with several alternative flip angle designs. Phantom, adults (n = 8), and children (n = 27) were imaged at 3T. Multi-echo images were acquired and PDFF maps were estimated. PDFF standard deviation was used as a surrogate for SNR. RESULTS In both simulation and phantom experiments, the VFA-centric method enabled higher SNR imaging with minimal T 1 bias and blurring artifacts. High correlation (slope = 1.00, intercept = 0.04, R 2 = 0.998) was observed in vivo between the proposed VFA-centric method obtained PDFF and reference PDFF (free breathing low-flip angle 2D sequential acquisition). Further, the proposed VFA-centric method (PDFF standard deviation = 1.5%) had a better SNR performance than the reference acquisition (PDFF standard deviation = 3.3%) with P < .001. CONCLUSIONS The proposed free breathing 2D Cartesian sequential CSE-MRI method with variable flip angle approach and centric-ordered phase encoding achieved motion robustness, low T 1 bias, high SNR compared to previous 2D sequential methods, and low blurring in liver fat quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Colgan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rehm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Zhong X, Armstrong T, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SAR, Pan L, Dale BM, Deshpande V, Kiefer B, Wu HH. Effect of respiratory motion on free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial liver R 2 ∗ relaxometry and improved quantification accuracy using self-gating. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1964-1978. [PMID: 31682016 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an accurate free-breathing 3D liver R 2 ∗ mapping approach and to evaluate it in vivo. METHODS A free-breathing multi-echo stack-of-radial sequence was applied in 5 normal subjects and 6 patients at 3 Tesla. Respiratory motion compensation was implemented using the inherent self-gating signal. A breath-hold Cartesian acquisition was the reference standard. Proton density fat fraction and R 2 ∗ were measured and compared between radial and Cartesian methods using Bland-Altman plots. The normal subject results were fitted to a linear mixed model (P < .05 considered significant). RESULTS Free-breathing stack-of-radial without self-gating exhibited signal attenuation in echo images and artifactually elevated apparent R 2 ∗ values. In the Bland-Altman plots of normal subjects, compared to breath-hold Cartesian, free-breathing stack-of-radial acquisitions of 22, 30, 36, and 44 slices, had mean R 2 ∗ differences of 27.4, 19.4, 10.9, and 14.7 s-1 with 800 radial views, and they had 18.4, 11.9, 9.7, and 27.7 s-1 with 404 views, which were reduced to 0.4, 0.9, -0.2, and -0.7 s-1 and to -1.7, -1.9, -2.1, and 0.5 s-1 with self-gating, respectively. No substantial proton density fat fraction differences were found. The linear mixed model showed free-breathing radial R 2 ∗ results without self-gating were significantly biased by 17.2 s-1 averagely (P = .002), which was eliminated with self-gating (P = .930). Proton density fat fraction results were not different (P > .234). For patients, Bland-Altman plots exhibited mean R 2 ∗ differences of 14.4 and 0.1 s-1 for free-breathing stack-of-radial without self-gating and with self-gating, respectively, but no substantial proton density fat fraction differences. CONCLUSION The proposed self-gating method corrects the respiratory motion bias and enables accurate free-breathing stack-of-radial quantification of liver R 2 ∗ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcel D Nickel
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Li Pan
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian M Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare, Cary, North Carolina
| | | | - Berthold Kiefer
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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32
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Zhu A, Reeder SB, Johnson KM, Nguyen SM, Golos TG, Shimakawa A, Muehler MR, Francois CJ, Bird IM, Fain SB, Shah DM, Wieben O, Hernando D. Evaluation of a motion-robust 2D chemical shift-encoded technique for R2* and field map quantification in ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI of the placenta in pregnant rhesus macaques. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:580-592. [PMID: 31276263 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D chemical shift-encoded (CSE)-MRI techniques enable assessment of ferumoxytol concentration but are unreliable in the presence of motion. PURPOSE To evaluate a motion-robust 2D-sequential CSE-MRI for R2* and B0 mapping in ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI of the placenta. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Pregnant rhesus macaques. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T/CSE-MRI. ASSESSMENT 2D-sequential CSE-MRI was compared with 3D respiratory-gated CSE-MRI in placental imaging of 11 anesthetized animals at multiple timepoints before and after ferumoxytol administration, and in ferumoxytol phantoms (0 μg/mL-440 μg/mL). Motion artifacts of CSE-MRI in 10 pregnant women without ferumoxytol administration were assessed retrospectively by three blinded readers (4-point Likert scale). The repeatability of CSE-MRI in seven pregnant women was also prospectively studied. STATISTICAL TESTS Placental R2* and boundary B0 field measurements (ΔB0) were compared between 2D-sequential and 3D respiratory-gated CSE-MRI using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS In phantoms, a slope of 0.94 (r2 = 0.99, concordance correlation coefficient ρ = 0.99), and bias of -4.8 s-1 (limit of agreement [LOA], -41.4 s-1 , +31.8 s-1 ) in R2*, and a slope of 1.07 (r2 = 1.00, ρ = 0.99) and bias of 11.4 Hz (LOA -12.0 Hz, +34.8 Hz) in ΔB0 were obtained in 2D CSE-MRI compared with 3D CSE-MRI for reference R2* ≤390 s-1 . In animals, a slope of 0.92 (r2 = 0.97, ρ = 0.98) and bias of -2.2 s-1 (LOA -55.6 s-1 , +51.3 s-1 ) in R2*, and a slope of 1.05 (r2 = 0.95, ρ = 0.97) and bias of 0.4 Hz (LOA -9.0 Hz, +9.7 Hz) in ΔB0 were obtained. In humans, motion-impaired R2* maps in 3D CSE-MRI (Reader 1: 1.8 ± 0.6, Reader 2: 1.3 ± 0.7, Reader 3: 1.9 ± 0.6), while 2D CSE-MRI was motion-free (Reader 1: 2.9 ± 0.3, Reader 2: 3.0 ± 0, Reader 3: 3.0 ± 0). A mean difference of 0.66 s-1 and coefficient of repeatability of 9.48 s-1 for placental R2* were observed in the repeated 2D CSE-MRI. DATA CONCLUSION 2D-sequential CSE-MRI provides accurate R2* and B0 measurements in ferumoxytol-enhanced placental MRI of animals in the presence of respiratory motion, and motion-robustness in human placental imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:580-592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sydney M Nguyen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ann Shimakawa
- Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Matthias R Muehler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian M Bird
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dinesh M Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Zhu A, Hernando D, Johnson KM, Reeder SB. Characterizing a short T 2 * signal component in the liver using ultrashort TE chemical shift-encoded MRI at 1.5T and 3.0T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:2032-2045. [PMID: 31270858 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have suggested the presence of short-T2 * signals in the liver, which may confound chemical shift-encoded (CSE) fat quantification when using short echo times (TEs). The purpose of this study was to characterize the liver signal at short echo times and to determine its impact on liver fat quantification. METHODS An ultrashort echo time (UTE) chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI) technique and a multicomponent reconstruction were developed to characterize short-T2 * liver signals. Subsequently, liver fat fraction was quantified using a short-TE (first TE = 0.7 ms) and UTE CSE-MRI acquisitions and compared with a standard CSE-MRI (first TE = 1.2 ms). RESULTS Short-T2 * signals were consistently observed in the liver of all healthy volunteers imaged at both 1.5T and 3.0T. At 3.0T, short-T2 * signal fractions of 9.6 ± 1.5%, 7.0 ± 1.7%, and 7.4 ± 1.7% with T2 * of 0.23 ± 0.05 ms, 0.20 ± 0.05 ms, and 0.10 ± 0.02 ms were measured in healthy volunteers, patients with liver cirrhotic disease, and patients with hepatic steatosis (but no cirrhosis), respectively. For proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation, 1.7% (P < .01) and 3.4% (P < .01) biases were observed in subjects imaged using short-TE CSE-MRI and using UTE CSE-MRI at 1.5T, respectively. The biases were reduced to 0.4% and -0.7%, respectively, by excluding short echoes less than 1 ms. A 3.2% bias (P < .01) was observed in subjects imaged using UTE CSE-MRI at 3.0T, which was reduced to 0.1% by excluding short echoes <1 ms. CONCLUSIONS A liver short-T2 * signal component was consistently observed and was shown to confound liver fat quantification when short echo times were used with CSE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Zhang L, Armstrong T, Li X, Wu HH. A variable flip angle golden-angle-ordered 3D stack-of-radial MRI technique for simultaneous proton resonant frequency shift and T 1 -based thermometry. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:2062-2076. [PMID: 31257639 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a variable-flip-angle golden-angle-ordered 3D stack-of-radial MRI technique for simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift (PRF) and T1 -based thermometry in aqueous and adipose tissues, respectively. METHODS The proposed technique acquires multiecho radial k-space data in segments with alternating flip angles to measure 3D temperature maps dynamically on the basis of PRF and T1 . A sliding-window k-space weighted image contrast filter is used to increase temporal resolution. PRF is measured in aqueous tissues and T1 in adipose tissues using fat/water masks. The accuracy for T1 quantification was evaluated in a reference T1 /T2 phantom. In vivo nonheating experiments were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the stability of PRF and T1 in the brain, prostate, and breast. The proposed technique was used to monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in ex vivo porcine fat/muscle tissues and compared to temperature probe readings. RESULTS The proposed technique achieved 3D coverage with 1.1-mm to 1.3-mm in-plane resolution and 2-s to 5-s temporal resolution. During 20 to 30 min of nonheating in vivo scans, the temporal coefficient of variation for T1 was <5% in the brain, prostate, and breast fatty tissues, while the standard deviation of relative PRF temperature change was within 3°C in aqueous tissues. During ex vivo HIFU ablation, the temperatures measured by PRF and T1 were consistent with temperature probe readings, with an absolute mean difference within 2°C. CONCLUSION The proposed technique achieves simultaneous PRF and T1 -based dynamic 3D MR temperature mapping in aqueous and adipose tissues. It may be used to improve MRI-guided thermal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Physics in Biology and Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinzhou Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Physics in Biology and Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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35
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Free-breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Body Composition in Healthy and Overweight Children: An Observational Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:782-787. [PMID: 30789865 PMCID: PMC6752952 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional, breath-holding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assesses body composition by measuring fat volumes and proton density fat fraction (PDFF). However, breath-holding MRI is not always feasible in children. This study's objective was to use free-breathing MRI to quantify visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes and PDFFs and correlate these measurements with hepatic PDFF. METHODS This was an observational, hypothesis-forming study that enrolled 2 groups of children (ages 6-17 years), healthy children and overweight children with presumed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free-breathing MRI was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes and PDFFs, and hepatic PDFF. Imaging biomarkers were compared between groups, and correlations coefficients (r) and coefficients of determination (R) were calculated. RESULTS When compared with the control group (n = 10), the overweight group (n = 9) had greater mean visceral (1843 vs 329 cm, P < 0.001) and subcutaneous fat volumes (7663 vs 893 cm, P < 0.001), as well as greater visceral (80% vs 45%, p < 0.001) and subcutaneous fat PDFFs (89% vs 75%, P = 0.003). Visceral fat volume (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) and PDFF (r = 0.92, P < 0.001) correlated with hepatic PDFF. In overweight subjects, for each unit increase in visceral fat PDFF, hepatic PDFF increased by 2.64%; visceral fat PDFF explained 54% of hepatic PDFF variation (R = 0.54, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we used free-breathing MRI to measure body composition in children. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible value of subcutaneous and visceral fat PDFFs, and validate free-breathing MRI body composition biomarkers.
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Armstrong T, Ly KV, Ghahremani S, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Free-breathing 3-D quantification of infant body composition and hepatic fat using a stack-of-radial magnetic resonance imaging technique. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:876-888. [PMID: 31001664 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition and hepatic fat correlate with future risk for metabolic syndrome. In children, many conventional techniques for quantifying body composition and hepatic fat have limitations. MRI is a noninvasive research tool to study body composition and hepatic fat in infants; however, conventional Cartesian MRI is sensitive to motion, particularly in the abdomen because of respiration. Therefore we developed a free-breathing MRI technique to quantify body composition and hepatic fat in infants. OBJECTIVE In infants, we aimed to (1) compare the image quality between free-breathing 3-D stack-of-radial MRI (free-breathing radial) and 3-D Cartesian MRI in the liver and (2) determine the feasibility of using free-breathing radial MRI to quantify body composition and hepatic proton-density fat fraction (PDFF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten infants ages 2-7 months were scanned with free-breathing radial (two abdominal; one head and chest) and Cartesian (one abdominal) MRI sequences. The median preparation and scan times were reported. To assess feasibility for hepatic PDFF quantification, a radiologist masked to the MRI technique scored abdominal scans for motion artifacts in the liver using a 3-point scale (1, or non-diagnostic, to 3, or no artifacts). Median visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and PDFF, and hepatic PDFF were measured using free-breathing radial MRI. We assessed repeatability of free-breathing radial hepatic PDFF (coefficient of repeatability) between back-to-back scans. We determined differences in the distribution of image-quality scores using McNemar-Bowker tests. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Nine infants completed the entire study (90% completion). For ten infants, the median preparation time was 32 min and scan time was 24 min. Free-breathing radial MRI demonstrated significantly higher image-quality scores compared to Cartesian MRI in the liver (radial scan 1 median = 2 and radial scan 2 median = 3 vs. Cartesian median = 1; P=0.01). Median measurements using free-breathing radial were VAT=52.0 cm3, VAT-PDFF=42.2%, SAT=267.7 cm3, SAT-PDFF=87.1%, BAT=1.4 cm3, BAT-PDFF=26.1% and hepatic PDFF=3.4% (coefficient of repeatability <2.0%). CONCLUSION In this study, free-breathing radial MRI in infants achieved significantly improved liver image quality compared to Cartesian MRI. It is feasible to use free-breathing radial MRI to quantify body composition and hepatic fat in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Ste. B119, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karrie V Ly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Physician Assistant Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Shahnaz Ghahremani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Ste. B119, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Ste. B119, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Schneider M, Janas G, Lugauer F, Hoppe E, Nickel D, Dale BM, Kiefer B, Maier A, Bashir MR. Accurate fatty acid composition estimation of adipose tissue in the abdomen based on bipolar multi‐echo MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2330-2346. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schneider
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Gemini Janas
- Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
- Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
| | - Felix Lugauer
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hoppe
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Nickel
- MR Applications Predevelopment Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany
| | - Brian M. Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations Siemens Healthineers Cary North Carolina
| | - Berthold Kiefer
- MR Applications Predevelopment Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Mustafa R. Bashir
- Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
- Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
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Armstrong T, Liu D, Martin T, Masamed R, Janzen C, Wong C, Chanlaw T, Devaskar SU, Sung K, Wu HH. 3D R 2 * mapping of the placenta during early gestation using free-breathing multiecho stack-of-radial MRI at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:291-303. [PMID: 30142239 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiecho gradient-echo Cartesian MRI characterizes placental oxygenation by quantifying R 2 * . Previous research was performed at 1.5T using breath-held 2D imaging during later gestational age (GA). PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of a free-breathing (FB) 3D multiecho gradient-echo stack-of-radial technique (radial) for placental R 2 * mapping at 3T and report placental R 2 * during early GA. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Thirty subjects with normal pregnancies and three subjects with ischemic placental disease (IPD) were scanned twice: between 14-18 and 19-23 weeks GA. FIELD STRENGTH 3T. SEQUENCE FB radial. ASSESSMENT Linear correlation (concordance coefficient, ρc ) and Bland-Altman analyses (mean difference, MD) were performed to evaluate radial R 2 * mapping accuracy compared to Cartesian in a phantom. Radial R 2 * mapping repeatability was characterized using the coefficient of repeatability (CR) between back-to-back scans. The mean and spatial coefficient of variation (CV) of R 2 * was determined for all subjects, and separately for anterior and posterior placentas, at each GA range. STATISTICAL TESTS ρc was tested for significance. Differences in mean R 2 * and CV were tested using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Rank-Sum tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Z-scores for the IPD subjects were determined. RESULTS FB radial demonstrated accurate (ρc ≥0.996; P < 0.001; |MD|<0.2s-1 ) and repeatable (CR<4s-1 ) R 2 * mapping in a phantom, and repeatable (CR≤4.6s-1 ) R 2 * mapping in normal subjects. At 3T, placental R 2 * mean ± standard deviation was 12.9s-1 ± 2.7s-1 for 14-18 and 13.2s-1 ± 1.9s-1 for 19-23 weeks GA. The CV was significantly greater (P = 0.043) at 14-18 (0.63 ± 0.12) than 19-23 (0.58 ± 0.13) weeks GA. At 19-23 weeks, the CV was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for anterior (0.49 ± 0.08) than posterior (0.67 ± 0.11) placentas. One IPD subject had a lower mean R 2 * than normal subjects at both GA ranges (Z<-2). DATA CONCLUSION FB radial provides accurate and repeatable 3D R 2 * mapping for the entire placenta at 3T during early GA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:291-303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas Martin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rinat Masamed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cass Wong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Teresa Chanlaw
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyunghyun Sung
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Free-breathing quantification of hepatic fat in healthy children and children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using a multi-echo 3-D stack-of-radial MRI technique. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:941-953. [PMID: 29728744 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, noninvasive chemical shift encoded Cartesian magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-voxel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (SVS) accurately quantify hepatic steatosis but require breath-holding. In children, especially young and sick children, breath-holding is often limited or not feasible. Sedation can facilitate breath-holding but is highly undesirable. For these reasons, there is a need to develop free-breathing MRI technology that accurately quantifies steatosis in all children. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare non-sedated free-breathing multi-echo 3-D stack-of-radial (radial) MRI versus standard breath-holding MRI and SVS techniques in a group of children for fat quantification with respect to image quality, accuracy and repeatability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy children (n=10, median age [±interquartile range]: 10.9 [±3.3] years) and overweight children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n=9, median age: 15.2 [±3.2] years) were imaged at 3 Tesla using free-breathing radial MRI, breath-holding Cartesian MRI and breath-holding SVS. Acquisitions were performed twice to assess repeatability (within-subject mean difference, MDwithin). Images and hepatic proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) maps were scored for image quality. Free-breathing and breath-holding PDFF were compared using linear regression (correlation coefficient, r and concordance correlation coefficient, ρc) and Bland-Altman analysis (mean difference). P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In patients with NAFLD, free-breathing radial MRI demonstrated significantly less motion artifacts compared to breath-holding Cartesian (P<0.05). Free-breathing radial PDFF demonstrated a linear relationship (P<0.001) versus breath-holding SVS PDFF and breath-holding Cartesian PDFF with r=0.996 and ρc=0.994, and r=0.997 and ρc=0.995, respectively. The mean difference in PDFF between free-breathing radial MRI, breath-holding Cartesian MRI and breath-holding SVS was <0.7%. Repeated free-breathing radial MRI had MDwithin=0.25% for PDFF. CONCLUSION In this pediatric study, non-sedated free-breathing radial MRI provided accurate and repeatable hepatic PDFF measurements and improved image quality, compared to standard breath-holding MR techniques.
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Cho J, Park H. Technical Note: Interleaved bipolar acquisition and low‐rank reconstruction for water–fat separation in
MRI. Med Phys 2018; 45:3229-3237. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JaeJin Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| | - HyunWook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
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