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Hooijmans MT, Veeger TTJ, Mazzoli V, van Assen HC, de Groot JH, Gottwald LM, Nederveen AJ, Strijkers GJ, Kan HE. Muscle fiber strain rates in the lower leg during ankle dorsi-/plantarflexion exercise. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5064. [PMID: 38062865 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Static quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides readouts of structural changes in diseased muscle, but current approaches lack the ability to fully explain the loss of contractile function. Muscle contractile function can be assessed using various techniques including phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), where strain rates are quantified. However, current two-dimensional implementations are limited in capturing the complex motion of contracting muscle in the context of its three-dimensional (3D) fiber architecture. The MR acquisitions (chemical shift-encoded water-fat separation scan, spin echo-echoplanar imaging with diffusion weighting, and two time-resolved 3D PC-MRI) wereperformed at 3 T. PC-MRI acquisitions and performed with and without load at 7.5% of the maximum voluntary dorsiflexion contraction force. Acquisitions (3 T, chemical shift-encoded water-fat separation scan, spin echo-echo planar imaging with diffusion weighting, and two time-resolved 3D PC-MRI) were performed with and without load at 7.5% of the maximum voluntary dorsiflexion contraction force. Strain rates and diffusion tensors were calculated and combined to obtain strain rates along and perpendicular to the muscle fibers in seven lower leg muscles during the dynamic dorsi-/plantarflexion movement cycle. To evaluate strain rates along the proximodistal muscle axis, muscles were divided into five equal segments. t-tests were used to test if cyclic strain rate patterns (amplitude > 0) were present along and perpendicular to the muscle fibers. The effects of proximal-distal location and load were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVAs. Cyclic temporal strain rate patterns along and perpendicular to the fiber were found in all muscles involved in dorsi-/plantarflexion movement (p < 0.0017). Strain rates along and perpendicular to the fiber were heterogeneously distributed over the length of most muscles (p < 0.003). Additional loading reduced strain rates of the extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius lateralis muscle (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the lower leg muscles involved in cyclic dorsi-/plantarflexion exercise showed cyclic fiber strain rate patterns with amplitudes that varied between muscles and between the proximodistal segments within the majority of muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Hooijmans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thom T J Veeger
- C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Mazzoli
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hans C van Assen
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan H de Groot
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas M Gottwald
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermien E Kan
- C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Duchenne Center Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Cunnane BT, Sinha U, Malis V, Hernandez RD, Smitaman E, Sinha S. Effect of different ankle joint positions on medial gastrocnemius muscle fiber strains during isometric plantarflexion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14986. [PMID: 37696877 PMCID: PMC10495375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle force production is influenced by muscle fiber and aponeurosis architecture. This prospective cohort study utilizes special MR imaging sequences to examine the structure-function in-vivo in the Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) at three-ankle angles (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion-low and high) and two sub-maximal levels of maximum voluntary contraction (25% and 50%MVC). The study was performed on 6 young male participants. Muscle fiber and aponeurosis strain, fiber strain normalized to force, fiber length and pennation angle (at rest and peak contraction) were analyzed for statistical differences between ankle positions and %MVC. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni-adjusted tests were conducted for normal data. A related samples test with Friedman's 2-way ANOVA by ranks with corrections for multiple comparisons was conducted for non-normal data. The dorsiflexed ankle position generated significantly higher force with lower fiber strain than the plantarflexed positions. Sarcomere length extracted from muscle fiber length at each ankle angle was used to track the location on the Force-Length curve and showed the MG operates on the curve's ascending limb. Muscle force changes predicted from the F-L curve going from dorsi- to plantarflexion was less than that experimentally observed suggesting other determinants of force changes with ankle position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usha Sinha
- Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Malis
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Dept. of Radiology, UC San Diego, 8939 Villa La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Shantanu Sinha
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Dept. of Radiology, UC San Diego, 8939 Villa La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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3
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Monte JR, Hooijmans MT, Froeling M, Oudeman J, Tol JL, Strijkers GJ, Nederveen AJ, Maas M. Diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative T2 mapping to monitor muscle recovery following hamstring injury. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4902. [PMID: 36630472 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MRI examinations are accurate for diagnosing sports-related acute hamstring injuries. However, sensitive imaging methods for assessing recovery of these injuries are lacking. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and quantitative T2 (qT2) mapping have both shown promise for assessing recovery of muscle micro trauma and exercise effects. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of DTI and qT2 mapping for monitoring the muscle recovery processes after acute hamstring injury. In this prospective study, athletes with an acute hamstring injury underwent a 3-T MRI examination of the injured and contralateral hamstrings including DTI and qT2 measurements at three time points: (1) within 1 week after sustaining the injury, (2) 2 weeks after time point 1, and (3) return to play (RTP). A linear mixed model was used for time-effect analysis and paired t-tests for the detection of differences between injured and uninjured muscles. Forty-one athletes (age 27.8 ± 7 years; two females and 39 males) were included. Mean RTP time was 50 (range 12-169) days. A significant time effect was found for mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and the second and third eigenvalues (p ≤ 0.001) in the injured muscles. Fractional anisotropy (p = 0.40), first eigenvalue (p = 0.02), and qT2 (p = 0.61) showed no significant time effect. All DTI indices, except for fractional anisotropy, were significantly elevated compared with control muscles right after the injury (p < 0.001). Values normalized during the recovery period, with no significant differences between control and injured muscles at RTP (p values ranged from 0.08 to 0.51). Mean qT2 relaxation times in injured muscles were not significantly elevated compared with control muscles at any time point (p > 0.04). In conclusion, DTI can be used to monitor recovery after an acute hamstring injury. Future work should explore the potential of DTI indices to predict RTP and recovery times in athletes after an acute strain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithsa R Monte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa T Hooijmans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Oudeman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hernandez R, Sinha U, Malis V, Cunnane B, Smitaman E, Sinha S. Strain and Strain Rate Tensor Mapping of Medial Gastrocnemius at Submaximal Isometric Contraction and Three Ankle Angles. Tomography 2023; 9:840-856. [PMID: 37104139 PMCID: PMC10143483 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to analyze the muscle kinematics of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) during submaximal isometric contractions and to explore the relationship between deformation and force generated at plantarflexed (PF), neutral (N) and dorsiflexed (DF) ankle angles. METHOD Strain and Strain Rate (SR) tensors were calculated from velocity-encoded magnetic resonance phase-contrast images in six young men acquired during 25% and 50% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC). Strain and SR indices as well as force normalized values were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA for differences with force level and ankle angle. An exploratory analysis of differences between absolute values of longitudinal compressive strain (Eλ1) and radial expansion strains (Eλ2) and maximum shear strain (Emax) based on paired t-test was also performed for each ankle angle. RESULTS Compressive strains/SRs were significantly lower at 25%MVC. Normalized strains/SR were significantly different between %MVC and ankle angles with lowest values for DF. Absolute values of Eλ2 and Emax were significantly higher than Eλ1 for DF suggesting higher deformation asymmetry and higher shear strain, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known optimum muscle fiber length, the study identified two potential new causes of increased force generation at dorsiflexion ankle angle, higher fiber cross-section deformation asymmetry and higher shear strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hernandez
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Usha Sinha
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Vadim Malis
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab., Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brandon Cunnane
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Edward Smitaman
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab., Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Preobrazenski N, Seigel J, Halliday S, Janssen I, McGlory C. Single-leg disuse decreases skeletal muscle strength, size, and power in uninjured adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:684-696. [PMID: 36883219 PMCID: PMC10067508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify declines from baseline in lower limb skeletal muscle size and strength of uninjured adults following single-leg disuse. We searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and CCRCT up to 30 January 2022. Studies were included in the systematic review if they (1) recruited uninjured participants; (2) were an original experimental study; (3) employed a single-leg disuse model; and (4) reported muscle strength, size, or power data following a period of single-leg disuse for at least one group without a countermeasure. Studies were excluded if they (1) did not meet all inclusion criteria; (2) were not in English; (3) reported previously published muscle strength, size, or power data; or (4) could not be sourced from two different libraries, repeated online searches, and the authors. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess risk of bias. We then performed random-effects meta-analyses on studies reporting measures of leg extension strength and extensor size. Our search revealed 6548 studies, and 86 were included in our systematic review. Data from 35 and 20 studies were then included in the meta-analyses for measures of leg extensor strength and size, respectively (40 different studies). No meta-analysis for muscle power was performed due to insufficient homogenous data. Effect sizes (Hedges' gav ) with 95% confidence intervals for leg extensor strength were all durations = -0.80 [-0.92, -0.68] (n = 429 participants; n = 68 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 78 females); ≤7 days of disuse = -0.57 [-0.75, -0.40] (n = 151); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.93 [-1.12, -0.74] (n = 206); and >14 days = -0.95 [-1.20, -0.70] (n = 72). Effect sizes for measures of leg extensor size were all durations = -0.41 [-0.51, -0.31] (n = 233; n = 32 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 42 females); ≤7 days = -0.26 [-0.36, -0.16] (n = 84); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.49 [-0.67, -0.30] (n = 102); and >14 days = -0.52 [-0.74, -0.30] (n = 47). Decreases in leg extensor strength (cast: -0.94 [-1.30, -0.59] (n = 73); brace: -0.90 [-1.18, -0.63] (n = 106)) and size (cast: -0.61[-0.87, -0.35] (n = 41); brace: (-0.48 [-1.04, 0.07] (n = 41)) following 14 days of disuse did not differ for cast and brace disuse models. Single-leg disuse in adults resulted in a decline in leg extensor strength and size that reached a nadir beyond 14 days. Bracing and casting led to similar declines in leg extensor strength and size following 14 days of disuse. Studies including females and males and adults over 40 years of age are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Seigel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Halliday
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Carraro U, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Translational research on Myology and Mobility Medicine: 2021 semi-virtual PDM3 from Thermae of Euganean Hills, May 26 - 29, 2021. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31:9743. [PMID: 33733717 PMCID: PMC8056169 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
On 19-21 November 2020, the meeting of the 30 years of the Padova Muscle Days was virtually held while the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was hitting the world after a seemingly quiet summer. During the 2020-2021 winter, the epidemic is still active, despite the start of vaccinations. The organizers hope to hold the 2021 Padua Days on Myology and Mobility Medicine in a semi-virtual form (2021 S-V PDM3) from May 26 to May 29 at the Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padova, Italy. Here the program and the Collection of Abstracts are presented. Despite numerous world problems, the number of submitted/selected presentations (lectures and oral presentations) has increased, prompting the organizers to extend the program to four dense days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padova, Italy; CIR-Myo - Myology Centre, University of Padova, Italy; A-C Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova.
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
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7
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Malis V, Sinha U, Sinha S. 3D Muscle Deformation Mapping at Submaximal Isometric Contractions: Applications to Aging Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:600590. [PMID: 33343396 PMCID: PMC7744822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.600590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3D strain or strain rate tensor mapping comprehensively captures regional muscle deformation. While compressive strain along the muscle fiber is a potential measure of the force generated, radial strains in the fiber cross-section may provide information on the material properties of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, shear strain may potentially inform on the shearing of the extracellular matrix; the latter has been hypothesized as the mechanism of lateral transmission of force. Here, we implement a novel fast MR method for velocity mapping to acquire multi-slice images at different % maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 3D strain mapping to explore deformation in the plantar-flexors under isometric contraction in a cohort of young and senior subjects. 3D strain rate and strain tensors were computed and eigenvalues and two invariants (maximum shear and volumetric strain) were extracted. Strain and strain rate indices (contractile and in-plane strain/strain rate, shear strain/strain rate) changed significantly with %MVC (30 and 60% MVC) and contractile and shear strain with age in the medial gastrocnemius. In the soleus, significant differences with age in contractile and shear strain were seen. Univariate regression revealed weak but significant correlation of in-plane and shear strain and shear strain rate indices to %MVC and correlation of contractile and shear strain indices to force. The ability to map strain tensor components provides unique insights into muscle physiology: with contractile strain providing an index of the force generated by the muscle fibers while the shear strain could potentially be a marker of lateral transmission of force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Malis
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Usha Sinha
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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8
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Sinha U, Malis V, Chen JS, Csapo R, Kinugasa R, Narici MV, Sinha S. Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Loss of Muscle Force With Age and Unloading Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Biochemical Analysis, and Computational Models. Front Physiol 2020; 11:626. [PMID: 32625114 PMCID: PMC7315044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is the application of advanced MRI to study the effect of aging and disuse related remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on force transmission in the human musculoskeletal system. Structural MRI includes (i) ultra-low echo times (UTE) maps to visualize and quantify the connective tissue, (ii) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) modeling to estimate changes in muscle and ECM microstructure, and (iii) magnetization transfer contrast imaging to quantify the macromolecular fraction in muscle. Functional MRI includes dynamic acquisitions during contraction cycles enabling computation of the strain tensor to monitor muscle deformation. Further, shear strain extracted from the strain tensor may be a potential surrogate marker of lateral transmission of force. Biochemical and histological analysis of muscle biopsy samples can provide "gold-standard" validation of some of the MR findings. The review summarizes biochemical studies of ECM adaptations with age and with disuse. A brief summary of animal models is included as they provide experimental confirmation of longitudinal and lateral force transmission pathways. Computational muscle models enable exploration of force generation and force pathways and elucidate the link between structural adaptations and functional consequences. MR image findings integrated in a computational model can explain and predict subject specific functional changes to structural adaptations. Future work includes development and validation of MRI biomarkers using biochemical analysis of muscle tissue as a reference standard and potential translation of the imaging markers to the clinic to noninvasively monitor musculoskeletal disease conditions and changes consequent to rehabilitative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Sinha
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vadim Malis
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jiun-Shyan Chen
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaediic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, ISAG, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Ryuta Kinugasa
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan.,Computational Engineering Applications Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Marco Vincenzo Narici
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Carraro U. Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8826. [PMID: 32499887 PMCID: PMC7254447 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century of skeletal muscle research is continuing at Padua University (Italy) under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) and recently also with the support of the A&CM-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy. The Volume 30(1), 2020 of the EJTM opens with the collection of abstracts for the conference "2020 Padua Muscle Days: Mobility Medicine 30 years of Translational Research". This is an international conference that will be held between March 18-21, 2020 in Euganei Hills and Padova in Italy. The abstracts are excellent examples of translational research and of the multidimensional approaches that are needed to classify and manage (in both the acute and chronic phases) diseases of Mobility that span from neurologic, metabolic and traumatic syndromes to the biological process of aging. One of the typical aim of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is indeed to reduce pain and increase mobility enough to enable impaired persons to walk freely, garden, and drive again. The excellent contents of this Collection of Abstracts reflect the high scientific caliber of researchers and clinicians who are eager to present their results at the PaduaMuscleDays. A series of EJTM Communications will also add to this preliminary evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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10
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Sinha U, Malis V, Csapo R, Narici M, Sinha S. Magnetic resonance imaging based muscle strain rate mapping during eccentric contraction to study effects of unloading induced by unilateral limb suspension. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8935. [PMID: 32499902 PMCID: PMC7254429 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age- and disuse- related loss of muscle force is disproportionately larger than the loss of muscle mass. Earlier studies reported that comparing concentric and eccentric contractions, there is a significant age-related decrease in force only in concentric contractions. Magnetic Resonance Imaging enables mapping of muscle deformation and has been used to study isometric but not eccentric contractions. We report MRI based strain rate mapping of the medial gastrocnemius in subjects pre- and post-unloading induced by Unilateral Limb Suspension. In contrast to isometric contraction, no difference in strain rate indices were observed post-unloading, in conformance with preserved force during eccentric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Sinha
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Malis
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert Csapo
- Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, ISAG, Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Hall, Austria
| | - Marco Narici
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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11
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Strijkers GJ, Araujo EC, Azzabou N, Bendahan D, Blamire A, Burakiewicz J, Carlier PG, Damon B, Deligianni X, Froeling M, Heerschap A, Hollingsworth KG, Hooijmans MT, Karampinos DC, Loudos G, Madelin G, Marty B, Nagel AM, Nederveen AJ, Nelissen JL, Santini F, Scheidegger O, Schick F, Sinclair C, Sinkus R, de Sousa PL, Straub V, Walter G, Kan HE. Exploration of New Contrasts, Targets, and MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques for Neuromuscular Disease - A Workshop Report of Working Group 3 of the Biomedicine and Molecular Biosciences COST Action BM1304 MYO-MRI. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 6:1-30. [PMID: 30714967 PMCID: PMC6398566 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases are characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and muscle weakness resulting in functional disabilities. While each of these diseases is individually rare, they are common as a group, and a large majority lacks effective treatment with fully market approved drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy techniques (MRI and MRS) are showing increasing promise as an outcome measure in clinical trials for these diseases. In 2013, the European Union funded the COST (co-operation in science and technology) action BM1304 called MYO-MRI (www.myo-mri.eu), with the overall aim to advance novel MRI and MRS techniques for both diagnosis and quantitative monitoring of neuromuscular diseases through sharing of expertise and data, joint development of protocols, opportunities for young researchers and creation of an online atlas of muscle MRI and MRS. In this report, the topics that were discussed in the framework of working group 3, which had the objective to: Explore new contrasts, new targets and new imaging techniques for NMD are described. The report is written by the scientists who attended the meetings and presented their data. An overview is given on the different contrasts that MRI can generate and their application, clinical needs and desired readouts, and emerging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ericky C.A. Araujo
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology & NMR Laboratory, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/MIRCen, Paris, France
| | - Noura Azzabou
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology & NMR Laboratory, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/MIRCen, Paris, France
| | | | - Andrew Blamire
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jedrek Burakiewicz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre G. Carlier
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology & NMR Laboratory, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/MIRCen, Paris, France
| | - Bruce Damon
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Xeni Deligianni
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland & Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Arend Heerschap
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Marty
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology & NMR Laboratory, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/MIRCen, Paris, France
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany & Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Francesco Santini
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland & Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Scheidegger
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Schick
- University of Tübingen, Section on Experimental Radiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Volker Straub
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Hermien E. Kan
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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12
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Malis V, Sinha U, Sinha S. Compressed sensing velocity encoded phase contrast imaging: Monitoring skeletal muscle kinematics. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:142-156. [PMID: 31828833 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study implements a compressed sensing (CS) 3-directional velocity encoded phase contrast (VE-PC) imaging for studying skeletal muscle kinematics within 40 s. METHODS Independent variable density random sampling in the phase encoding direction for each temporal frame was implemented for various combinations of CS-factors and views per segment. CS reconstruction was performed for the combined multicoil, temporal datasets using temporal Fourier transform followed by temporal principal component analysis sparsifying transformations. The method was tested on a flow phantom and in vivo, on velocity and strain rate of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of 11 subjects performing isometric contractions. RESULTS For the flow phantom, velocity from 8 undersampled sequences matched very well with the flowmeter values over a range of velocities spanning in vivo muscle velocities. Bland-Altman plots of the peak strain rate eigenvalues comparing 7 undersampled sequences was in good agreement with the reference (full k-space) scan. CS-factor of 4 combined with views per segment of 4 (scan times reduced by 4) yielded images with no visual artifacts allowing and yielded velocities and strain rate maps in the lower leg muscle in 40 s. CONCLUSION This study shows that a reduction in scan time of velocity encoded phase contrast imaging up to a factor of 4 is possible using the proposed CS reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Malis
- Physics, UC San Diego, San Diego, California.,Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Usha Sinha
- Physics, San Diego State University, California
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California
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13
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Bilston LE, Bolsterlee B, Nordez A, Sinha S. Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1454-1464. [PMID: 30236053 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00672.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles' primary function in the body is mechanical: to move and stabilize the skeleton. As such, their mechanical behavior is a key aspect of their physiology. Recent developments in medical imaging technology have enabled quantitative studies of passive muscle mechanics, ranging from measurements of intrinsic muscle mechanical properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, to three-dimensional muscle architecture and dynamic muscle deformation and kinematics. In this review we summarize the principles and applications of contemporary imaging methods that have been used to study the passive mechanical behavior of skeletal muscles. Elastography measurements can provide in vivo maps of passive muscle mechanical parameters, and both MRI and ultrasound methods are available (magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography, respectively). Both have been shown to differentiate between healthy muscle and muscles affected by a broad range of clinical conditions. Detailed muscle architecture can now be depicted using diffusion tensor imaging, which not only is particularly useful for computational modeling of muscle but also has potential in assessing architectural changes in muscle disorders. More dynamic information about muscle mechanics can be obtained using a range of dynamic MRI methods, which characterize the detailed internal muscle deformations during motion. There are several MRI techniques available (e.g., phase-contrast MRI, displacement-encoded MRI, and "tagged" MRI), each of which can be collected in synchrony with muscle motion and postprocessed to quantify muscle deformation. Together, these modern imaging techniques can characterize muscle motion, deformation, mechanical properties, and architecture, providing complementary insights into skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne E Bilston
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales , Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Bart Bolsterlee
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales , Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales , Kensington, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand.,Movement, Interactions, Performance Laboratory (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California , San Diego, California
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14
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Ma S, Zhu M, Xia X, Guo L, Genin GM, Sacks MS, Gao M, Mutic S, Hu Y, Hu CH, Feng Y. A preliminary study of the local biomechanical environment of liver tumors in vivo. Med Phys 2019; 46:1728-1739. [PMID: 30730058 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomechanical properties can be used as biomarkers to diagnose tumors, monitor tumor development, and evaluate treatment efficacy. The purpose of this preliminary study is to characterize the biomechanical environment of two typical liver tumors, hemangiomas (HEMs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and to investigate the potential of using strain metrics as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, based on a limited clinical dataset. METHODS Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging was used to quantify the motion and deformation of the two types of liver tumors. Displacements of the tumors arising from a heartbeat were measured over one cardiac cycle. Local biomechanical conditions of the tumors were characterized by estimating two principal strains (ε1 and ε2 ) and an octahedral shear strain (εsoct ) of the tumor and its peripheral region. Biomechanical conditions of the tumors were compared with those of the arbitrarily selected regions from healthy volunteers. RESULTS We observed that the HCCs had significantly smaller strain values compared to their peripheral tissues. However, the HEMs did not have significantly different strains from those of the peripheral tissues, and were similar to healthy liver regions. The sensitivity of using ε1 , ε2 , and εsoct to diagnose HCC were all 1, while the sensitivity of using ε1 , ε2 , and εsoct to diagnose HEM were 0.67, 0.17, and 0.67, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lagrangian strain metrics provide insight into the biomechanical conditions of certain liver tumors in the human body and may provide another perspective for tumor characterization and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Ma
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mo Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Xiaolong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Radiology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Guy M Genin
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Michael S Sacks
- Center of Cardiovascular Simulation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 70745, USA
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Sasa Mutic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yanle Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Chun-Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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15
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Malis V, Sinha U, Csapo R, Narici M, Smitaman E, Sinha S. Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion modeling: Application to monitoring changes in the medial gastrocnemius in disuse atrophy induced by unilateral limb suspension. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:1655-1664. [PMID: 30569482 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assesses underlying tissue microstructure, and has been applied to studying skeletal muscle. Unloading of the lower leg causes decreases in muscle force, mass, and muscle protein synthesis as well as changes in muscle architecture. PURPOSE To monitor the change in DTI indices in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) after 4-week unilateral limb suspension (ULLS) and to explore the feasibility of extracting tissue microstructural parameters based on a two-compartment diffusion model. STUDY TYPE Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Seven moderately active subjects (29.1 ± 5.7 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T, single-shot fat-suppressed echo planar spin echo sequence. ASSESSMENT Suspension-related changes in the DTI indices (eigenvalues: λ1 , λ2 , λ3 , fractional anisotropy; coefficient of planarity) were statistically analyzed. Changes in model-derived tissue parameters (muscle fiber circularity and diameter, intracellular volume fraction, and residence time) after suspension are qualitatively discussed. STATISTICAL TESTS Changes in the DTI indices of the MG between pre- and postsuspension were assessed using repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS All the eigenvalues (λ1 : P = 0.025, λ2 : P = 0.035, λ3 : P = 0.049) as well as anisotropic diffusion coefficient (P = 0.029) were significantly smaller post-ULLS. Diffusion modeling revealed that fibers were more circular (circularity index increased from 0.55 to 0.95) with a smaller diameter (diameter decreased from 82-60 μm) postsuspension. DATA CONCLUSION We have shown that DTI indices change with disuse and modeling can relate these voxel level changes to changes in the tissue microarchitecture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Malis
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Physics, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Usha Sinha
- Physics, San Diego State University, California, USA
| | - Robert Csapo
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Marco Narici
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Edward Smitaman
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Mazzoli V, Gottwald LM, Peper ES, Froeling M, Coolen BF, Verdonschot N, Sprengers AM, Ooij P, Strijkers GJ, Nederveen AJ. Accelerated 4
D
phase contrast
MRI
in skeletal muscle contraction. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1799-1811. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mazzoli
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Research LabRadboud UMCNijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Lukas M. Gottwald
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eva S. Peper
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Biomedical Engineering and PhysicsAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Orthopaedic Research LabRadboud UMCNijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Biomechanical EngineeringUniversity of TwenteEnschede The Netherlands
| | - Andre M. Sprengers
- Orthopaedic Research LabRadboud UMCNijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Biomechanical EngineeringUniversity of TwenteEnschede The Netherlands
| | - Pim Ooij
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and PhysicsAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam The Netherlands
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