1
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Sun T, Chen X, Yan H, Liu J. The causal association between serum metabolites and lung cancer based on multivariate Mendelian randomization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37085. [PMID: 38363931 PMCID: PMC10869068 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to understand the causal association between serum metabolites and different lung cancer types, an area yet to be extensively studied. We Used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) approach, utilizing 486 blood metabolites as exposures and 3 distinct lung cancer types genome-wide association studies datasets as outcomes. We employed inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode to estimate causal effects. We performed sensitivity analyses using Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) analysis was conducted on the selected metabolites, and common confounding single nucleotide polymorphisms were eliminated using the human genotype-phenotype association Database. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed with MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software. Subsequently, a multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to ascertain independent risk exposures. Our findings suggest independent risk factors for specific types of lung cancer: 7-methylxanthine and isoleucine for lung adenocarcinoma, cysteine and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine are identified as independent protective and risk factors for squamous lung cancer. Undecanoate (11:0) with Linoleate (18:2n6) showed a protective effect for small cell lung cancer. Additionally, 11 metabolic pathways were associated with lung cancer. This novel perspective offers a multidimensional understanding of lung cancer phenotypes, providing valuable guidance for identifying and screening of diverse lung cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Laboratory, The Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Scientific Research and Teaching, The Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Laboratory, The Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Orășeanu A, Brisc MC, Maghiar OA, Popa H, Brisc CM, Șolea SF, Maghiar TA, Brisc C. Landscape of Innovative Methods for Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3608. [PMID: 38132192 PMCID: PMC10742893 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
From a global perspective, gastric cancer (GC) persists as a significant healthcare issue. In the Western world, the majority of cases are discovered at late stages, when the treatment is generally unsuccessful. There are no organized screening programs outside of Asia (Japan and Republic of Korea). Traditional diagnosis techniques (such as upper endoscopy), conventional tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4), radiographic imaging, and CT scanning all have drawbacks. The gold standard for the earliest detection of cancer and related premalignant lesions is still endoscopy with a proper biopsy follow-up. Since there are currently no clinically approved biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers is expected to help improve the prognosis and survival rate of these patients. The search for new screening biomarkers is currently underway. These include genetic biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and exosomes, as well as metabolic biomarkers obtained from biofluids. Meanwhile, cutting-edge high-resolution endoscopic technologies are demonstrating promising outcomes in the visual diagnosis of mucosal lesions with the aid of linked color imaging and machine learning models. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study examined the articles in databases such as PubMed, resulting in 167 included articles. This review discusses the currently available and emerging methods for diagnosing GC early on, as well as new developments in the endoscopic detection of early lesions of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Orășeanu
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Bihor Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (A.O.); (S.F.Ș.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Octavian Adrian Maghiar
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Horia Popa
- Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, 011356 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Mihai Brisc
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Sabina Florina Șolea
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Bihor Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (A.O.); (S.F.Ș.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
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3
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De Spiegeleer M, Plekhova V, Geltmeyer J, Schoolaert E, Pomian B, Singh V, Wijnant K, De Windt K, Paukku V, De Loof A, Gies I, Michels N, De Henauw S, De Graeve M, De Clerck K, Vanhaecke L. Point-of-care applicable metabotyping using biofluid-specific electrospun MetaSAMPs directly amenable to ambient LA-REIMS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9933. [PMID: 37294759 PMCID: PMC10256167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) including laser ablation rapid evaporation IMS, has enabled direct biofluid metabolome analysis. AIMS procedures are, however, still hampered by both analytical, i.e., matrix effects, and practical, i.e., sample transport stability, drawbacks that impede metabolome coverage. In this study, we aimed at developing biofluid-specific metabolome sampling membranes (MetaSAMPs) that offer a directly applicable and stabilizing substrate for AIMS. Customized rectal, salivary, and urinary MetaSAMPs consisting of electrospun (nano)fibrous membranes of blended hydrophilic (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylonitrile) and lipophilic (polystyrene) polymers supported metabolite absorption, adsorption, and desorption. Moreover, MetaSAMP demonstrated superior metabolome coverage and transport stability compared to crude biofluid analysis and was successfully validated in two pediatric cohorts (MetaBEAse, n = 234 and OPERA, n = 101). By integrating anthropometric and (patho)physiological with MetaSAMP-AIMS metabolome data, we obtained substantial weight-driven predictions and clinical correlations. In conclusion, MetaSAMP holds great clinical application potential for on-the-spot metabolic health stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot De Spiegeleer
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vera Plekhova
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jozefien Geltmeyer
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ella Schoolaert
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beata Pomian
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Varoon Singh
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Wijnant
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kimberly De Windt
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Volter Paukku
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander De Loof
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Gies
- Department of Pediatrics, Free University of Brussels (VUB), University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marilyn De Graeve
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
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4
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Tristán AI, González-Flores E, Salmerón ADM, Abreu AC, Caba O, Jiménez-Luna C, Melguizo C, Prados J, Fernández I. Serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics analysis of human metastatic colorectal cancer: Biomarkers and pathway analysis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023:e4935. [PMID: 36945883 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics to analyze blood serum samples from healthy individuals (n = 26) and those with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 57). The assessment, employing both linear and nonlinear multivariate data analysis techniques, revealed specific metabolite changes associated with metastatic CRC, including increased levels of lactate, glutamate, and pyruvate, and decreased levels of certain amino acids and total fatty acids. Biomarker ratios such as glutamate-to-glutamine and pyruvate-to-alanine were also found to be related to CRC. The study also found that glutamate was linked to progression-free survival and that both glutamate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were risk factors for metastatic CRC. Additionally, gas chromatography coupled to flame-ionization detection was utilized to analyze the fatty acid profile and pathway analysis was performed on the profiled metabolites to understand the metabolic processes involved in CRC. A correlation was also found between the presence of certain metabolites in the blood of CRC patients and certain clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Tristán
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Encarnación González-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Del Mar Salmerón
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Prados
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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5
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Wang H, Tian Q, Xu Z, Du M, Zhu MJ. Metabolomic profiling for the preventive effects of dietary grape pomace against colorectal cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109308. [PMID: 36868505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Grape pomace (GP) is a rich source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. We recently found that dietary GP had protective effects against CRC development in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) CRC mouse model through suppression of cell proliferation and modulation of DNA methylation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with changes in metabolites remain unexamined. This study profiled fecal metabolomic changes in a mouse CRC model in response to GP supplementation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomic analysis. A total of 29 compounds showed significant changes due to GP supplementation, including bile acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols/flavonoids, glycerolipids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and others. The major changes in metabolites of feces include increased deoxycholic acid (DCA) and decreased amino acid content. Dietary GP upregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) downstream genes while decreasing fecal urease activity. DNA repair enzyme MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) was upregulated by GP supplementation. Consistently, γ-H2AX, as a DNA damage marker, decreased in GP supplemented mice. Moreover, MDM2, a protein in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling, was decreased by GP supplementation. These data provided valuable metabolic clues for unraveling the protective effects of GP supplementation against CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Tian
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,; Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhixin Xu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,.
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6
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Xu M, Qiu X, Chen Q, Yang T, Xu J, Chen L, Shuai L, Xu Z, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Cao Z. Changes of gut microbiome and metabolome in the AOM/DSS mouse model of colorectal cancer with FLASH radiation. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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7
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The impact of bariatric surgery on colorectal cancer risk. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:144-157. [PMID: 36446717 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Bariatric surgery has been associated with improvements in obesity-related co-morbidities and reductions in overall cancer risk. However, given the contradictory outcomes of several cohort studies, the impact of bariatric surgery on CRC risk appears controversial. Furthermore, measurement of CRC biomarkers following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has revealed hyperproliferation and increased pro-inflammatory gene expression in the rectal mucosa. The proposed mechanisms leading to increased CRC risk are alterations of the gut microbiota and exposure of the colorectum to high concentrations of bile acids, both of which are caused by RYGB-induced anatomical rearrangements. Studies in animals and humans have highlighted the similarities between RYGB-induced microbial profiles and the gut microbiota documented in CRC. Microbial alterations common to post-RYGB cases and CRC include the enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbes and reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. Lower concentrations of butyrate following RYGB may also contribute to an increased risk of CRC, given the anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties of this molecule. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy appears to have a more moderate impact than RYGB; however, relatively few animal and human studies have investigated its effects on CRC risk. Moreover, evidence regarding the impact of anastomosis gastric bypass on one is even more limited. Therefore, further studies are required to establish whether the potential increase in CRC risk is restricted to RYGB or may also be associated with other bariatric procedures.
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8
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Vignoli A, Meoni G, Ghini V, Di Cesare F, Tenori L, Luchinat C, Turano P. NMR-Based Metabolomics to Evaluate Individual Response to Treatments. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 277:209-245. [PMID: 36318327 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to highlight the various aspects of metabolomics in relation to health and diseases, starting from the definition of metabolic space and of how individuals tend to maintain their own position in this space. Physio-pathological stimuli may cause individuals to lose their position and then regain it, or move irreversibly to other positions. By way of examples, mostly selected from our own work using 1H NMR on biological fluids, we describe the effects on the individual metabolomic fingerprint of mild external interventions, such as diet or probiotic administration. Then we move to pathologies (such as celiac disease, various types of cancer, viral infections, and other diseases), each characterized by a well-defined metabolomic fingerprint. We describe the effects of drugs on the disease fingerprint and on its reversal to a healthy metabolomic status. Drug toxicity can be also monitored by metabolomics. We also show how the individual metabolomic fingerprint at the onset of a disease may discriminate responders from non-responders to a given drug, or how it may be prognostic of e.g., cancer recurrence after many years. In parallel with fingerprinting, profiling (i.e., the identification and quantification of many metabolites and, in the case of selected biofluids, of the lipoprotein components that contribute to the 1H NMR spectral features) can provide hints on the metabolic pathways that are altered by a disease and assess their restoration after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vignoli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. .,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. .,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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9
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Alvandi E, Wong WKM, Joglekar MV, Spring KJ, Hardikar AA. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 36184594 PMCID: PMC9528142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is well recognized, although the available literature around their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been inconsistent. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of fecal SCFA concentrations to the incidence and risk of CRC. Data extraction through Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was carried out from database conception to June 29, 2022. Predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria led to the selection of 17 case-control and six cross-sectional studies for quality assessment and analyses. Studies were categorized for CRC risk or incidence, and RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Studies lacking quantitation were included in qualitative analyses. RESULTS Combined analysis of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid revealed significantly lower concentrations of these SCFAs in individuals with a high-risk of CRC (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.74, P = 0.02). Additionally, CRC incidence was higher in individuals with lower levels of SCFAs (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.72, P = 0.0009), compared to healthy individuals. Qualitative analyses identified 70.4% of studies reporting significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic, propionic, butyric acid, or total SCFAs in those at higher risk of CRC, while 66.7% reported significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic and butyric acid in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lower fecal concentrations of the three major SCFAs are associated with higher risk of CRC and incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alvandi
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,South-West Sydney Clinical Campuses, UNSW Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Liverpool Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
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10
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Liu J, Qi M, Qiu C, Wang F, Xie S, Zhao J, Wu J, Song X. Integrative analysis of the mouse fecal microbiome and metabolome reveal dynamic phenotypes in the development of colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1021325. [PMID: 36246263 PMCID: PMC9554438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1021325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome and its interaction with host have been implicated as the causes and regulators of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. However, few studies comprehensively investigate the compositions of gut bacteria and their interactions with host at the early inflammatory and cancerous stages of CRC. In this study, mouse fecal samples collected at inflammation and CRC were subjected to microbiome and metabolome analyses. The datasets were analyzed individually and integratedly using various bioinformatics approaches. Great variations in gut microbiota abundance and composition were observed in inflammation and CRC. The abundances of Bacteroides, S24-7_group_unidifineted, and Allobaculum were significantly changed in inflammation and CRC. The abundances of Bacteroides and Allobaculum were significantly different between inflammation and CRC. Furthermore, strong excluding and appealing microbial interactions were found in the gut microbiota. CRC and inflammation presented specific fecal metabolome profiling. Fecal metabolomic analysis led to the identification and quantification of 1,138 metabolites with 32 metabolites significantly changed in CRC and inflammation. 1,17-Heptadecanediol and 24,25,26,27-Tetranor-23-oxo-hydroxyvitamin D3 were potential biomarkers for CRC. 3α,7β,12α-Trihydroxy-6-oxo-5α-cholan-24-oic Acid and NNAL-N-glucuronide were potential biomarkers for inflammation. The significantly changed bacterial species and metabolites contribute to inflammation and CRC diagnosis. Integrated microbiome and metabolomic analysis correlated microbes with host metabolites, and the variated microbe-metabolite association in inflammation and CRC suggest that microbes facilitate tumorigenesis of CRC through interfering host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyang Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengchao Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Shaofei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhao,
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jing Wu,
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- Xiaofeng Song,
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11
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Zeng J, Peng J, Jiang H, Deng P, Li K, Long D, Wang K. Establishment of an early diagnosis model of colon cancerous bowel obstruction based on 1H NMR. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266730. [PMID: 35972924 PMCID: PMC9380946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To prospectively establish an early diagnosis model of acute colon cancerous bowel obstruction by applying nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy(1H NMR) technology based metabolomics methods, combined with machine learning. Methods In this study, serum samples of 71 patients with acute bowel obstruction requiring emergency surgery who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected within 2 hours after admission, and NMR spectroscopy data was taken after pretreatment. After postoperative pathological confirmation, they were divided into colon cancerous bowel obstruction (CBO) group and adhesive bowel obstruction (ABO) control group. Used MestReNova software to extract the two sets of spectra bins, and used the MetaboAnalyst5.0 website to perform partial least square discrimination (PLS-DA), combining the human metabolome database (HMDB) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to find possible different Metabolites and related metabolic pathways. Results 22 patients were classified as CBO group and 30 were classified as ABO control group. Compared with ABO group, the level of Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Gentisic acid, Salicyluric acid, Ferulic acid, Kynurenic acid, CDP, Mandelic acid, NADPH, FAD, Phenylpyruvate, Allyl isothiocyanate, and Vanillylmandelic acid increased in the CBO group; while the lecel of L-Tryptophan and Bilirubin decreased. There were significant differences between two groups in the tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and synthesis pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (all P<0.05). Tryptophan metabolism pathway had the greatest impact (Impact = 0.19). The early diagnosis model of colon cancerous bowel was established based on the levels of six metabolites: Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Gentisic acid, Salicylic acid, Ferulic acid and Kynurenic acid (R2 = 0.995, Q2 = 0.931, RMSE = 0.239, AUC = 0.962). Conclusion This study firstly used serum to determine the difference in metabolome between patients with colon cancerous bowel obstruction and those with adhesive bowel obstruction. The study found that the metabolic information carried by the serum was sufficient to discriminate the two groups of patients and provided the theoretical supporting for the future using of the more convenient sample for the differential diagnosis of patients with colon cancerous bowel obstruction. Quantitative experiments on a large number of samples were still needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Histology Embryology and Neurobiology, Sichuan University West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kexun Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daolin Long
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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12
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Losurdo G, Gravina AG, Maroni L, Gabrieletto EM, Ianiro G, Ferrarese A. Future challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology, between innovations and unmet needs: A SIGE Young Editorial Board's perspective. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:583-597. [PMID: 34509394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Hepatology have faced significant improvements in terms of diagnosis and therapy in the last decades. However, many fields still remain poorly explored, and many questions unanswered. Moreover, basic-science, as well as translational and clinical discoveries, together with technology advancement will determine further steps toward a better, refined care for many gastroenterological disorders in the future. Therefore, the Young Investigators of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) joined together, offering a perspective on major future innovations in some hot clinical topics in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, and Hepatology, as well as the current pitfalls and the grey zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Losurdo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari.
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Maroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Ospedale Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy
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13
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Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate Restores the Balance of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073723. [PMID: 35409083 PMCID: PMC9040715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the role of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Here, we further studied the effect of SCS on modulating gut microbiome structure in colorectal cancer bearing mice. In this study, the transplanted tumor mice model was constructed to demonstrate that SCS can effectively halt the growth of transplanted colorectal tumor cells. Next, we showed that SCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, such as the abundance of Lactobacillales, Gastranaerophilales, Ruminiclostridiun_5 and Ruminiclostridiun_6. According to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and abundance map analysis of the microbial metabolic pathways, the changes in microbial abundance led to an increase of certain metabolites (e.g., Phe, Tyr, and Gly). Fecal metabolome results demonstrated that SCS can significantly reduce the amount of certain amino acids such as Phe, Pro, Ala, Tyr and Leu presented in the feces, suggesting that SCS might inhibit colorectal cancer growth by modulating the gut microbiome and altering the production of certain amino acids. Our results revealed the therapeutic potential of SCS to facilitate treatment of colorectal cancer. This study provides insights into the development of novel food-derived therapies for colorectal cancer.
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14
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Morad H, Abou-Elzahab MM, Aref S, EL-Sokkary AMA. Diagnostic Value of 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8128-8140. [PMID: 35284729 PMCID: PMC8908535 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer refers to a massive number of diseases distinguished by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the capability of infiltration and destroying the normal body tissue. It is critical to detect biomarkers that are early detectable and noninvasive to save millions of lives. The aim of the present work is to use NMR as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for cancer diseases. This study included 30 plasma and 21 urine samples of patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 25 plasma and 17 urine samples of patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC), and 9 plasma and urine samples obtained from healthy individuals as controls. They were prepared for NMR measurements; then, the metabolites were identified and the data were analyzed using multivariate statistical procedures. The OPLS-DA score plots clearly discriminated ALL, AML, and BC from healthy controls. Plots of the PLS-DA loadings and S-line plots showed that all metabolites in plasma were greater in BC than in the healthy controls, whereas lactate, O-acetylcarnitine, pyruvate, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and glucose were higher in healthy controls than in ALL and AML. On the other hand, urine samples showed lower amounts of lactate, melatonin, pyruvate, and succinate in all of the studied types of cancer when compared to those of healthy controls. 1H NMR can be a successful and noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa
M. Morad
- Biochemistry
Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Salah Aref
- Department
of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. A. EL-Sokkary
- Biochemistry
Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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15
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Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, Martínez-Martínez E, del Bosque-Plata L. The Potential of Metabolomics in Biomedical Applications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020194. [PMID: 35208267 PMCID: PMC8880031 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolome offers a dynamic, comprehensive, and precise picture of the phenotype. Current high-throughput technologies have allowed the discovery of relevant metabolites that characterize a wide variety of human phenotypes with respect to health, disease, drug monitoring, and even aging. Metabolomics, parallel to genomics, has led to the discovery of biomarkers and has aided in the understanding of a diversity of molecular mechanisms, highlighting its application in precision medicine. This review focuses on the metabolomics that can be applied to improve human health, as well as its trends and impacts in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, longevity, the exposome, liquid biopsy development, and pharmacometabolomics. The identification of distinct metabolomic profiles will help in the discovery and improvement of clinical strategies to treat human disease. In the years to come, metabolomics will become a tool routinely applied to diagnose and monitor health and disease, aging, or drug development. Biomedical applications of metabolomics can already be foreseen to monitor the progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, using branched-chain amino acids, acylcarnitines, certain phospholipids, and genomics; these can assess disease severity and predict a potential treatment. Future endeavors should focus on determining the applicability and clinical utility of metabolomic-derived markers and their appropriate implementation in large-scale clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication and Extracellular Vesicles, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Laura del Bosque-Plata
- Laboratory of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-53-50-1974
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Alderweireldt E, Grootaert C, De Wever O, Van Camp J. A two-front nutritional environment fuels colorectal cancer: perspectives for dietary intervention. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:105-119. [PMID: 34887164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops and progresses in a nutritional environment comprising a continuously changing luminal cocktail of external dietary and microbial factors on the apical side, and a dynamic host-related pool of systemic factors on the serosal side. In this review, we highlight how this two-front environment influences the bioenergetic status of colonocytes throughout CRC development from (cancer) stem cells to cancer cells in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions, and eventually to metastatic cells, which, upon entry to the circulation and during metastatic seeding, are forced to metabolically adapt. Furthermore, given the influence of diet on the two-front nutritional environment, we discuss dietary strategies that target the specific metabolic preferences of these cells, with a possible impact on colon cancer cell bioenergetics and CRC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Alderweireldt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Salmerón AM, Tristán AI, Abreu AC, Fernández I. Serum Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers Unraveled by NMR Metabolomics: Past, Present, and Future. Anal Chem 2022; 94:417-430. [PMID: 34806875 PMCID: PMC8756394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Salmerón
- Department of Chemistry and
Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University
of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ana I. Tristán
- Department of Chemistry and
Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University
of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ana C. Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and
Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University
of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and
Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University
of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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18
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Sevcikova A, Izoldova N, Stevurkova V, Kasperova B, Chovanec M, Ciernikova S, Mego M. The Impact of the Microbiome on Resistance to Cancer Treatment with Chemotherapeutic Agents and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010488. [PMID: 35008915 PMCID: PMC8745082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to therapy in human cancer cells has become a multifaceted limiting factor to achieving optimal cures in cancer patients. Besides genetic and epigenetic alterations, enhanced DNA damage repair activity, deregulation of cell death, overexpression of transmembrane transporters, and complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment, other mechanisms of cancer treatment resistance have been recently proposed. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the critical role of the microbiome in the efficacy of cancer treatment, concerning mainly chemotherapy and immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition to involvement in drug metabolism and immune surveillance, the production of microbiota-derived metabolites might represent the link between gut/intratumoral bacteria and response to anticancer therapies. Importantly, an emerging trend of using microbiota modulation by probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to overcome cancer treatment resistance will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (N.I.); (V.S.)
| | - Nikola Izoldova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (N.I.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viola Stevurkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (N.I.); (V.S.)
| | - Barbora Kasperova
- Department of Oncohematology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (N.I.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-3229-5198
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.M.)
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19
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Nannini G, Meoni G, Tenori L, Ringressi MN, Taddei A, Niccolai E, Baldi S, Russo E, Luchinat C, Amedei A. Fecal metabolomic profiles: A comparative study of patients with colorectal cancer vs adenomatous polyps. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6430-6441. [PMID: 34720532 PMCID: PMC8517777 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i38.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cause of death in both males and females worldwide, shows a positive response to therapy and usually a better prognosis when detected at an early stage. However, the survival rate declines when the diagnosis is late and the tumor spreads to other organs. Currently, the measures widely used in the clinic are fecal occult blood test and evaluation of serum tumor markers, but the lack of sensitivity and specificity of these markers restricts their use for CRC diagnosis. Due to its high sensitivity and precision, colonoscopy is currently the gold-standard screening technique for CRC, but it is a costly and invasive procedure. Therefore, the implementation of custom-made methodologies including those with minimal invasiveness, protection, and reproducibility is highly desirable. With regard to other screening methods, the screening of fecal samples has several benefits, and metabolomics is a successful method to classify the metabolite shift in living systems as a reaction to pathophysiological influences, genetic modifications, and environmental factors.
AIM To characterize the variation groups and potentially recognize some diagnostic markers, we compared with healthy controls (HCs) the fecal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic profiles of patients with CRC or adenomatous polyposis (AP).
METHODS Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches, to define the fecal metabolic profiles of 32 CRC patients, 16 AP patients, and 38 HCs well matched in age, sex, and body mass index.
RESULTS NMR metabolomic analyses revealed that fecal sample profiles differed among CRC patients, AP patients, and HCs, and some discriminatory metabolites including acetate, butyrate, propionate, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, valine, tyrosine and leucine were identified.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, we are confident that our data can be a forerunner for future studies on CRC management, especially the diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry & Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
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20
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Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a heterogeneous group of hyperglycemic metabolic disorders that are associated with health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Currently, diagnosis of GDM is based on repetitive measurement of increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or upon results showing increased postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). Recently, it was discovered that the changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore, in this study, relevant products of gut bacteria, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their derivatives were evaluated together with baseline body composition characteristics and common biochemical parameters in women with three different phenotypes of GDM, healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women. Plasma SCFA and their derivatives were derivatized, separated on reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH-BA), 4-methylvalerate (4-MVA) and isovalerate (IVA), together with selected parameters associated with baseline body composition characteristics and biochemistry, were evaluated as statistically significant. 3-OH-BA, which was increased in all three groups of women with different phenotypes of GDM, reflects a ketogenic state of GDM. In all groups of pregnant women, elevated/suppressed concentrations of 4-MVA/IVA were found. These findings show the importance of monitoring SCFA and other parameters besides glucose in women with GDM.
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Are Volatile Organic Compounds Accurate Markers in the Assessment of Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases? A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102361. [PMID: 34068419 PMCID: PMC8153598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early diagnosis is crucial for reducing colorectal cancer-related mortality in both the general population and inflammatory bowel disease. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis is a promising alternative to the gold standard procedure, endoscopy, for early detection and surveillance of colorectal diseases. This review aimed to provide a general overview of the most recent evidence in this area on VOC testing in breath, stool, and urine samples. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Early detection decreases incidence and mortality. Screening programs based on fecal occult blood testing help identify patients requiring endoscopic examination, but accuracy is far from optimal. Among the alternative strategies, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent novel potentially useful biomarkers of colorectal cancer. They also represent a promising tool for the screening of both intestinal inflammation and related CRC. The review is focused on the diagnostic potential of VOCs in sporadic CRC and in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which increase the risk of CRC, analyzing future clinical applications. Despite limitations related to inadequate strength of evidence, differing analytical platforms identify different VOCs, and this unconventional approach for diagnosing colorectal cancer is promising. Some VOC profiles, besides identifying inflammation, seem disease-specific in inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, breath, urine, and fecal VOCs provide a new and promising clinical approach to differential diagnosis, evaluation of the inflammatory status, and possibly the assessment of treatment efficacy in IBD. Conversely, specific VOC patterns correlating inflammatory bowel disease and cancer risk are still lacking, and studies focused on this issue are strongly encouraged. No prospective studies have assessed the risk of CRC development by using VOCs in samples collected before the onset of disease, both in the general population and in patients with IBD.
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Gut Microbiota as Potential Biomarker and/or Therapeutic Target to Improve the Management of Cancer: Focus on Colibactin-Producing Escherichia coli in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092215. [PMID: 34063108 PMCID: PMC8124679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gut microbiota is emerging as new diagnostic and prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target to improve the management of cancer. This review aims to summarize microbial signatures that have been associated with digestive and other cancers. We report the clinical relevance of these microbial markers to predict the response to cancer therapy. Among these biomarkers, colibactin-producing E. coli are prevalent in the colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer and they promote colorectal carcinogenesis in several pre-clinical models. Here we discuss the promising use of colibactin-producing E. coli as a new predictive factor and a therapeutic target in colon cancer management. Abstract The gut microbiota is crucial for physiological development and immunological homeostasis. Alterations of this microbial community called dysbiosis, have been associated with cancers such colorectal cancers (CRC). The pro-carcinogenic potential of this dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated in the colon. Recently the role of the microbiota in the efficacy of anti-tumor therapeutic strategies has been described in digestive cancers and in other cancers (e.g., melanoma and sarcoma). Different bacterial species seem to be implicated in these mechanisms: F. nucleatum, B. fragilis, and colibactin-associated E. coli (CoPEC). CoPEC bacteria are prevalent in the colonic mucosa of patients with CRC and they promote colorectal carcinogenesis in susceptible mouse models of CRC. In this review, we report preclinical and clinical data that suggest that CoPEC could be a new factor predictive of poor outcomes that could be used to improve cancer management. Moreover, we describe the possibility of using these bacteria as new therapeutic targets.
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A simplified method for the quantitation of short-chain fatty acids in human stool. Anal Biochem 2020; 612:114016. [PMID: 33188741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A one-vial extraction method for the quantitation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in human stool was developed. Samples were extracted with an acidified aqueous internal standard solution, sodium sulfate, and diethyl ether, followed by analysis with GC-FID. Accuracy, in terms of relative recovery, was typically between 90 and 110% for most analytes; without internal standard, the accuracy was about 5-34%; the linear dynamic range (LDR) was 0.05-50 μmol per gram; the limit of detection (LOD) was less than or equal to 0.05 μmol per gram; and the (lower) limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 1 μmol per gram. The method is suitable for quantitating acetic acid, propanoic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, isohexanoic acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid. It is not suitable for the quantitation of formic acid. Application to human biological research was tested by the measurement of SCFA in heathy humans. This confirmed that the method performed adequately, and even better than expected, with values up to 150 μmol per gram.
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Sun X, Pradeepkumar P, Rajendran NK, Shakila H, Houreld NN, Al Farraj DA, Elnahas YM, Elumalai N, Rajan M. Natural deep eutectic solvent supported targeted solid-liquid polymer carrier for breast cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36989-37004. [PMID: 35521273 PMCID: PMC9057073 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03790g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid–liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents. Here, we report a new SLN of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and biotin-conjugated lysine–polyethylene glycol copolymer. The SLN system was analyzed for its functional groups, thermal stability, crystalline nature, particle size, and surface morphology through the instrumental analysis of FT-IR, TGA, XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM. Encapsulation of PTX (paclitaxel) and 7-HC (7-hydroxycoumarin) with the SLN was carried out by dialysis, and UV-visible spectra evidenced the drug loading capacity and higher encapsulation efficiency obtained. The enhanced anticancer potential of PTX- and 7-HC-loaded SLN was assessed in vitro, and the system reduces the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The PTX- and 7-HC-loaded SLN system was investigated in a breast cancer-induced rat model via in vivo studies. It shows decreased lysosomal enzymes and increased levels of caspase to cure breast tumors. It very well may be reasoned that the designed PTX- and 7-HC-loaded SLN system has strong anticancer properties and exhibits potential for delivery of drug molecules in cancer treatment. Solid–liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Sun
- Department of Breast, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Periyakaruppan Pradeepkumar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Naresh Kumar Rajendran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg PO Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Harshavardhan Shakila
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-625021 India
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg PO Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif M Elnahas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nandhakumar Elumalai
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College and Research Institute Chennai-600069 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
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25
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Ganobis CM, Al-Abdul-Wahid MS, Renwick S, Yen S, Carriero C, Aucoin MG, Allen-Vercoe E. 1D 1 H NMR as a Tool for Fecal Metabolomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 12:e83. [PMID: 32805089 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic studies allow a deeper understanding of the processes of a given ecological community than nucleic acid-based surveys alone. In the case of the gut microbiota, a metabolic profile of, for example, a fecal sample provides details about the function and interactions within the distal region of the gastrointestinal tract, and such a profile can be generated in a number of different ways. This unit elaborates on the use of 1D 1 H NMR spectroscopy as a commonly used method to characterize small-molecule metabolites of the fecal metabonome (meta-metabolome). We describe a set of protocols for the preparation of fecal water extraction, storage, scanning, measurement of pH, and spectral processing and analysis. We also compare the effects of various sample storage conditions for processed and unprocessed samples to provide a framework for comprehensive analysis of small molecules from stool-derived samples. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC Basic Protocol 1: Extracting fecal water from crude fecal samples Alternate Protocol 1: Extracting fecal water from small crude fecal samples Basic Protocol 2: Acquiring NMR spectra of metabolite samples Alternate Protocol 2: Acquiring NMR spectra of metabolite samples using Bruker spectrometer running TopSpin 3.x Alternate Protocol 3: Acquiring NMR spectra of metabolite samples by semiautomated process Basic Protocol 3: Measuring sample pH Support Protocol 1: Cleaning NMR tubes Basic Protocol 4: Processing raw spectra data Basic Protocol 5: Profiling spectra Support Protocol 2: Spectral profiling of sugars and other complex metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Ganobis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Simone Renwick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandi Yen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Oxford Centre of Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charley Carriero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc G Aucoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Yang Y, Zhang F, Gao S, Wang Z, Li M, Wei H, Zhong R, Chen W. Simultaneous Determination of 34 Amino Acids in Tumor Tissues from Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on the Targeted UHPLC-MS/MS Method. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:4641709. [PMID: 32802550 PMCID: PMC7416278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4641709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A targeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of 34 amino acids in tissue samples from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (3.0 × 150 mm, 5 μm) with a binary gradient elution system (A, 0.02% heptafluorobutyric acid and 0.2% formic acid in water, v/v; B, methanol). The run time was 10 min. The multiple reaction monitoring mode was chosen with an electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode for data acquisition. The linear correlation coefficients were >0.99 for all the analytes in their corresponding calibration ranges. The sample was pretreated based on tissue homogenate and protein precipitation with a 100 mg aliquot sample. The average recovery and matrix effect for 34 amino acids and 3 internal standards were 39.00%∼146.95% and 49.45%∼173.63%, respectively. The intra- and interday accuracy for all the analytes ranged from -13.52% to 14.21% (RSD ≤8.57%) and from -14.52% to 12.59% (RSD ≤10.31%), respectively. Deviations of stability under different conditions were within ±15% for all the analytes. This method was applied to simultaneous quantification of 34 amino acids in tissue samples from 94 CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 71st Group Army Hospital of CPLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Renqian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai 200003, China
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27
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Cui M, Trimigno A, Aru V, Khakimov B, Engelsen SB. Human Faecal 1H NMR Metabolomics: Evaluation of Solvent and Sample Processing on Coverage and Reproducibility of Signature Metabolites. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9546-9555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Cui
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Alessia Trimigno
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Violetta Aru
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
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28
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Nannini G, Meoni G, Amedei A, Tenori L. Metabolomics profile in gastrointestinal cancers: Update and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2514-2532. [PMID: 32523308 PMCID: PMC7265149 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Serum tumor markers and detection of occult blood in the stool are the current tests used in the clinic of GI cancers; however, these tests are not useful as diagnostic screening since they have low specificity and low sensitivity. Considering that one of the hallmarks of cancer is dysregulated metabolism and metabolomics is an optimal approach to illustrate the metabolic mechanisms that belong to living systems, is now clear that this -omics could open a new way to study cancer. In the last years, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for diseases' diagnosis nevertheless a few studies focus on the NMR capability to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of GI cancers. For these reasons in this review, we will give an update on the status of NMR metabolomic studies for the diagnosis and development of GI cancers using biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Giotto Biotech Srl, and CERM (University of Florence), Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
- SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Florence 50019, Italy
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29
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Iguchi A, Yamamoto S, Oda A, Tanaka K, Kazama JJ, Saeki T, Yamazaki H, Ishioka K, Suzutani T, Narita I. Effect of sucroferric oxyhydroxide on gastrointestinal microbiome and uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:725-733. [PMID: 32285213 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbiome is thought to be associated with increased production of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO), an iron-based phosphate binder, may affect the gastrointestinal microbiome and the production of uremic toxins. We aimed to examine whether SFO administration affected distribution of gastrointestinal microbiome and serum uremic toxin levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS In this single-center, open-label, interventional study, 18 maintenance hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia were prescribed with SFO. We collected serum samples before and after 3 months of administration, and serum levels of IS and PCS were measured. A control group of 20 hemodialysis patients without SFO was evaluated. We evaluated gastrointestinal microbiome of patients pre- and post-SFO administration by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Serum IS and PCS levels were significantly elevated after administration of SFO (IS before 2.52 ± 1.60 mg/dl vs. after 3.13 ± 1.51 mg/dl, P = 0.008; PCS before 2.32 ± 2.44 mg/dl vs. after 3.45 ± 2.11 mg/dl, P = 0.002), while serum IS and PCS levels did not change in the control group. Microbiome analysis in the SFO group showed no significant change in diversity and major components in phylum, class, order, family, gene, and species. CONCLUSION Administration of SFO increased the serum levels of IS and PCS with no change of major components of gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan.
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Blood Purification Therapy, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Oda
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junichiro James Kazama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takako Saeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan
| | - Ken Ishioka
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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30
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Scortichini S, Boarelli MC, Silvi S, Fiorini D. Development and validation of a GC-FID method for the analysis of short chain fatty acids in rat and human faeces and in fermentation fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1143:121972. [PMID: 32193004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbiota metabolites recognized for their beneficial effects on the host organism. In this study, a simple and rapid sample preparation method combined to SCFAs analysis by direct injection and gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), for the determination and quantification of eight SCFAs (acetic, propionic, i-butyric, butyric, i-valeric, valeric, i-caproic and caproic acids) in rat, mice and human faeces and in fermentation fluids samples, has been developed and validated. The method consists of extraction of the SCFAs by ethyl ether after acidification of the samples. The effect of the number of extractions has been assessed in order to optimize the procedure and to obtain a satisfactory yield for all the analyzed SCFAs. The increase of the extracted analytes quantity was significant passing from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3 extractions (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were found performing 3, 4 or 5 extractions (P > 0.05). The SCFAs extracted are directly analyzed by GC-FID without derivatization and separated on a polyethylene glycol nitroterephthalic acid modified coated capillary column, with a chromatographic run time of 13 min. The proposed method showed good sensitivity, with limits of quantifications in the range 0.14-0.48 µM for SCFAs from propionic to caproic acids and 2.12 µM for acetic acid; recovery was between 80.8 and 108.8% and intraday and interday repeatability in the range 0.6-5.0% of precision (RSD, %) The optimized method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of SCFAs in real samples of rat, mouse and human faeces and in fermentation fluids, and it can be applied also to very small amount of faecal sample (20 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scortichini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Boarelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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31
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Song M, Chan AT, Sun J. Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:322-340. [PMID: 31586566 PMCID: PMC6957737 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have discovered associations between elements of the intestinal microbiome (including specific microbes, signaling pathways, and microbiota-related metabolites) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to the development of sporadic CRC or result from it. Changes in the intestinal microbiome can mediate or modify the effects of environmental factors on risk of CRC. Factors that affect risk of CRC also affect the intestinal microbiome, including overweight and obesity; physical activity; and dietary intake of fiber, whole grains, and red and processed meat. These factors alter microbiome structure and function, along with the metabolic and immune pathways that mediate CRC development. We review epidemiologic and laboratory evidence for the influence of the microbiome, diet, and environmental factors on CRC incidence and outcomes. Based on these data, features of the intestinal microbiome might be used for CRC screening and modified for chemoprevention and treatment. Integrated prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois.
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32
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Tarashi S, Siadat SD, Ahmadi Badi S, Zali M, Biassoni R, Ponzoni M, Moshiri A. Gut Bacteria and their Metabolites: Which One Is the Defendant for Colorectal Cancer? Microorganisms 2019; 7:E561. [PMID: 31766208 PMCID: PMC6920974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health concern which requires efficient therapeutic strategies. The mechanisms underlying CRC remain an essential subject of investigations in the cancer biology field. The evaluation of human microbiota can be critical in this regard, since the disruption of the normal community of gut bacteria is an important issue in the development of CRC. However, several studies have already evaluated the different aspects of the association between microbiota and CRC. The current study aimed at reviewing and summarizing most of the studies on the modifications of gut bacteria detected in stool and tissue samples of CRC cases. In addition, the importance of metabolites derived from gut bacteria, their relationship with the microbiota, and epigenetic modifications have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Roberto Biassoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran;
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
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33
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Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1819-1875. [PMID: 31434538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in metabolomics is leading to a renewed interest in metabolism and the role that small molecule metabolites play in many biological processes. As a result, traditional views of metabolites as being simply the "bricks and mortar" of cells or just the fuel for cellular energetics are being upended. Indeed, metabolites appear to have much more varied and far more important roles as signaling molecules, immune modulators, endogenous toxins, and environmental sensors. This review explores how metabolomics is yielding important new insights into a number of important biological and physiological processes. In particular, a major focus is on illustrating how metabolomics and discoveries made through metabolomics are improving our understanding of both normal physiology and the pathophysiology of many diseases. These discoveries are yielding new insights into how metabolites influence organ function, immune function, nutrient sensing, and gut physiology. Collectively, this work is leading to a much more unified and system-wide perspective of biology wherein metabolites, proteins, and genes are understood to interact synergistically to modify the actions and functions of organelles, organs, and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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34
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Ranjan R, Sinha N. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics for cancer research. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3916. [PMID: 29733484 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as an effective tool in various spheres of biomedical research, amongst which metabolomics is an important method for the study of various types of disease. Metabolomics has proved its stronghold in cancer research by the development of different NMR methods over time for the study of metabolites, thus identifying key players in the aetiology of cancer. A plethora of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments (in solids, semi-solids and solution phases) are utilized to obtain metabolic profiles of biofluids, cell extracts and tissue biopsy samples, which can further be subjected to statistical analysis. Any alteration in the assigned metabolite peaks gives an indication of changes in metabolic pathways. These defined changes demonstrate the utility of NMR in the early diagnosis of cancer and provide further measures to combat malignancy and its progression. This review provides a snapshot of the trending NMR techniques and the statistical analysis involved in the metabolomics of diseases, with emphasis on advances in NMR methodology developed for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Ranjan
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, India
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, India
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35
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Pradeepkumar P, Sangeetha R, Gunaseelan S, Varalakshmi P, Chuturgoon AA, Rajan M. Folic Acid Conjugated Polyglutamic Acid Drug Vehicle Synthesis through Deep Eutectic Solvent for Targeted Release of Paclitaxel. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Periyakaruppan Pradeepkumar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Natural Products ChemistrySchool of ChemistryMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai - 625021 India
| | - Ramalingam Sangeetha
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologySchool of BiotechnologyMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sathaiah Gunaseelan
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologySchool of BiotechnologyMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologySchool of BiotechnologyMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Medical BiochemistrySchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Natural Products ChemistrySchool of ChemistryMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai - 625021 India
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36
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Iwasaki H, Shimura T, Kataoka H. Current status of urinary diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 498:76-83. [PMID: 31421118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and flexible sigmoidoscopy are the currently using screening methods for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, these methods still have problems of high false positive rates in FOBT and increased invasiveness and cost associated with endoscopy. The development of non-invasive biomarkers is thus important for the diagnosis of CRC. Urine is one of the most commonly used samples for mass screening owing to its non-invasive and simple process of collection; however, the discovery of urinary diagnostic biomarkers for malignancies is still challenging and developing. Since urine contains abundant substances reflecting systemic body condition, urinary biomarker might contribute to detect CRC in a completely non-invasive manner. In this review, we describe the current utility of urinary diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Iwasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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37
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Yang Y, Misra BB, Liang L, Bi D, Weng W, Wu W, Cai S, Qin H, Goel A, Li X, Ma Y. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals a novel interplay between commensal bacteria and metabolites in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4101-4114. [PMID: 31281534 PMCID: PMC6592169 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor with the third highest morbidity rate among all cancers. Driven by the host's genetic makeup and environmental exposures, the gut microbiome and its metabolites have been implicated as the causes and regulators of CRC pathogenesis. We assessed human fecal samples as noninvasive and unbiased surrogates to catalog the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with CRC. Methods: Fecal samples collected from CRC patients (CRC group, n = 50) and healthy volunteers (H group, n = 50) were subjected to microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolome (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) analyses. The datasets were analyzed individually and integrated for combined analysis using various bioinformatics approaches. Results: Fecal metabolomic analysis led to the identification of 164 metabolites spread across 40 metabolic pathways in both groups. In addition, there were 42 and 17 metabolites specific to the H and CRC groups, respectively. Sequencing of microbial diversity revealed 1084 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the two groups, and there was less species diversity in the CRC group than in the H group. Seventy-six discriminatory OTUs were identified for the microbiota of H volunteers and CRC patients. Integrated analysis correlated CRC-associated microbes with metabolites, such as polyamines (cadaverine and putrescine). Conclusions: Our results provide substantial evidence of a novel interplay between the gut microbiome and metabolome (i.e., polyamines), which is drastically perturbed in CRC. Microbe-associated metabolites can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in therapeutic explorations.
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38
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Saus E, Iraola-Guzmán S, Willis JR, Brunet-Vega A, Gabaldón T. Microbiome and colorectal cancer: Roles in carcinogenesis and clinical potential. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:93-106. [PMID: 31082399 PMCID: PMC6856719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbiota associated with humans. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in assessing the relationships between the gut microbiota and several gut alterations, including colorectal cancer. Changes in the gut microbiota in patients suffering colorectal cancer suggest a possible role of host-microbe interactions in the origin and development of this malignancy and, at the same time, open the door for novel ways of preventing, diagnosing, or treating this disease. In this review we survey current knowledge on the healthy microbiome of the gut and how it is altered in colorectal cancer and other related disease conditions. In describing past studies we will critically assess technical limitations of different approaches and point to existing challenges in microbiome research. We will have a special focus on host-microbiome interaction mechanisms that may be important to explain how dysbiosis can lead to chronic inflammation and drive processes that influence carcinogenesis and tumor progression in colon cancer. Finally, we will discuss the potential of recent developments of novel microbiota-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Brunet-Vega
- Oncology Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Alzheimer's Disease Microbiome Is Associated with Dysregulation of the Anti-Inflammatory P-Glycoprotein Pathway. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00632-19. [PMID: 31064831 PMCID: PMC6509190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00632-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the intestinal microbiome and AD have demonstrated associations with microbiome composition at the genus level among matched cohorts. We move this body of literature forward by more deeply investigating microbiome composition via metagenomics and by comparing AD patients against those without dementia and with other dementia types. We also exploit machine learning approaches that combine both metagenomic and clinical data. Finally, our functional studies using stool samples from elders demonstrate how the c microbiome of AD elders can affect intestinal health via dysregulation of the P-glycoprotein pathway. P-glycoprotein dysregulation contributes directly to inflammatory disorders of the intestine. Since AD has been long thought to be linked to chronic bacterial infections as a possible etiology, our findings therefore fill a gap in knowledge in the field of AD research by identifying a nexus between the microbiome, loss of intestinal homeostasis, and inflammation that may underlie this neurodegenerative disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that is poorly understood. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, has long been associated with bacterial infections and inflammation-causing immunosenescence. Recent studies examining the intestinal microbiota of AD patients revealed that their microbiome differs from that of subjects without dementia. In this work, we prospectively enrolled 108 nursing home elders and followed each for up to 5 months, collecting longitudinal stool samples from which we performed metagenomic sequencing and in vitro T84 intestinal epithelial cell functional assays for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression, a critical mediator of intestinal homeostasis. Our analysis identified clinical parameters as well as numerous microbial taxa and functional genes that act as predictors of AD dementia in comparison to elders without dementia or with other dementia types. We further demonstrate that stool samples from elders with AD can induce lower P-gp expression levels in vitro those samples from elders without dementia or with other dementia types. We also paired functional studies with machine learning approaches to identify bacterial species differentiating the microbiome of AD elders from that of elders without dementia, which in turn are accurate predictors of the loss of dysregulation of the P-gp pathway. We observed that the microbiome of AD elders shows a lower proportion and prevalence of bacteria with the potential to synthesize butyrate, as well as higher abundances of taxa that are known to cause proinflammatory states. Therefore, a potential nexus between the intestinal microbiome and AD is the modulation of intestinal homeostasis by increases in inflammatory, and decreases in anti-inflammatory, microbial metabolism.
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40
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Zhang Q, Yin X, Wang H, Wu X, Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Fu C, Li H, Qiu Y. Fecal Metabolomics and Potential Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:976. [PMID: 31130958 PMCID: PMC6509220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metabolomics in autoimmune diseases has been a rapidly expanding area in researches over the last decade, while its pathophysiologic impact on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the metabolic profiling of fecal samples from SLE patients and healthy controls based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry for exploring the potential biomarkers of SLE. The results showed that 23 differential metabolites and 5 perturbed pathways were identified between the two groups, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and cyanoamino acid metabolism. In addition, logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to establish a diagnostic model for distinguishing SLE patients from healthy controls. The combined model of fecal PG 27:2 and proline achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.846, and had a good diagnostic efficacy. In the present study, we analyzed the correlations between fecal metabolic perturbations and SLE pathogenesis. In summary, we firstly illustrate the comprehensive metabolic profiles of feces in SLE patients, suggesting that the fecal metabolites could be used as the potential non-invasive biomarkers for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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41
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Cova TFGG, Bento DJ, Nunes SCC. Computational Approaches in Theranostics: Mining and Predicting Cancer Data. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E119. [PMID: 30871264 PMCID: PMC6471740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to understand the complexity of cancer-related data has been prompted by the applications of (1) computer and data sciences, including data mining, predictive analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, and (2) advances in imaging technology and probe development. Computational modelling and simulation are systematic and cost-effective tools able to identify important temporal/spatial patterns (and relationships), characterize distinct molecular features of cancer states, and address other relevant aspects, including tumor detection and heterogeneity, progression and metastasis, and drug resistance. These approaches have provided invaluable insights for improving the experimental design of therapeutic delivery systems and for increasing the translational value of the results obtained from early and preclinical studies. The big question is: Could cancer theranostics be determined and controlled in silico? This review describes the recent progress in the development of computational models and methods used to facilitate research on the molecular basis of cancer and on the respective diagnosis and optimized treatment, with particular emphasis on the design and optimization of theranostic systems. The current role of computational approaches is providing innovative, incremental, and complementary data-driven solutions for the prediction, simplification, and characterization of cancer and intrinsic mechanisms, and to promote new data-intensive, accurate diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia F G G Cova
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniel J Bento
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sandra C C Nunes
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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42
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Wang H, Zhang S, Shen Q, Zhu MJ. A metabolomic explanation on beneficial effects of dietary Goji on intestine inflammation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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43
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Succinate receptor mediates intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:178-187. [PMID: 30279517 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Succinate, an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is accumulated in inflamed areas and its signaling through succinate receptor (SUCNR1) regulates immune function. We analyze SUCNR1 expression in the intestine of Crohn's disease patients and its role in murine intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. We show that both serum and intestinal succinate levels and SUCNR1 expression in intestinal surgical resections were higher in CD patients than in controls. SUCNR1 co-localized with CD86, CD206, and α-SMA+ cells in human intestine and we found a positive and significant correlation between SUCNR1 and α-SMA expression. In human isolated fibroblasts from CD patients SUCNR1 expression was higher than in those from controls and treatment with succinate increased SUCNR1 expression, fibrotic markers and inflammatory cytokines through SUCNR1. This receptor modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in resting murine macrophages, macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation and Sucnr1-/- mice were protected against both acute TNBS-colitis and intestinal fibrosis induced by the heterotopic transplant of colonic tissue. We demonstrate increased succinate levels in serum and SUCNR1 expression in intestinal tissue of CD patients and show a role for SUCNR1 in murine intestinal inflammation and fibrosis.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Metabolic reprogramming is essential for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and is thus recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the etiologies and effects of metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Recent Findings Changes in cellular metabolism may precede the acquisition of driver mutations ultimately leading to colonocyte transformation. Oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressor genes further reprogram CRC cells to upregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. These metabolic changes are not uniform throughout tumors, as subpopulations of tumor cells may rely on different pathways to adapt to nutrient availability in the local tumor microenvironment. Finally, metabolic cross-communication between stromal cells, immune cells, and the gut microbiota enable CRC growth, invasion, and metastasis. Summary Altered cellular metabolism occurs in CRC at multiple levels, including in the cells that make up the bulk of CRC tumors, cancer stem cells, the tumor microenvironment, and host-microbiome interactions. This knowledge may inform the development of improved screening and therapeutics for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Brown
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B2215 Garland Ave., 1065D MRB-IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B2215 Garland Ave., 1065D MRB-IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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45
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Increased sporulation underpins adaptation of Clostridium difficile strain 630 to a biologically-relevant faecal environment, with implications for pathogenicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16691. [PMID: 30420658 PMCID: PMC6232153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile virulence is driven primarily by the processes of toxinogenesis and sporulation, however many in vitro experimental systems for studying C. difficile physiology have arguably limited relevance to the human colonic environment. We therefore created a more physiologically–relevant model of the colonic milieu to study gut pathogen biology, incorporating human faecal water (FW) into growth media and assessing the physiological effects of this on C. difficile strain 630. We identified a novel set of C. difficile–derived metabolites in culture supernatants, including hexanoyl– and pentanoyl–amino acid derivatives by LC-MSn. Growth of C. difficile strain 630 in FW media resulted in increased cell length without altering growth rate and RNA sequencing identified 889 transcripts as differentially expressed (p < 0.001). Significantly, up to 300–fold increases in the expression of sporulation–associated genes were observed in FW media–grown cells, along with reductions in motility and toxin genes’ expression. Moreover, the expression of classical stress–response genes did not change, showing that C. difficile is well–adapted to this faecal milieu. Using our novel approach we have shown that interaction with FW causes fundamental changes in C. difficile biology that will lead to increased disease transmissibility.
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46
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Karu N, Deng L, Slae M, Guo AC, Sajed T, Huynh H, Wine E, Wishart DS. A review on human fecal metabolomics: Methods, applications and the human fecal metabolome database. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1030:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Ulaszewska MM, Weinert CH, Trimigno A, Portmann R, Andres Lacueva C, Badertscher R, Brennan L, Brunius C, Bub A, Capozzi F, Cialiè Rosso M, Cordero CE, Daniel H, Durand S, Egert B, Ferrario PG, Feskens EJM, Franceschi P, Garcia-Aloy M, Giacomoni F, Giesbertz P, González-Domínguez R, Hanhineva K, Hemeryck LY, Kopka J, Kulling SE, Llorach R, Manach C, Mattivi F, Migné C, Münger LH, Ott B, Picone G, Pimentel G, Pujos-Guillot E, Riccadonna S, Rist MJ, Rombouts C, Rubert J, Skurk T, Sri Harsha PSC, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Vázquez-Fresno R, Wishart D, Vergères G. Nutrimetabolomics: An Integrative Action for Metabolomic Analyses in Human Nutritional Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800384. [PMID: 30176196 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The life sciences are currently being transformed by an unprecedented wave of developments in molecular analysis, which include important advances in instrumental analysis as well as biocomputing. In light of the central role played by metabolism in nutrition, metabolomics is rapidly being established as a key analytical tool in human nutritional studies. Consequently, an increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study designs. Within this dynamic landscape, the potential of nutritional metabolomics (nutrimetabolomics) to be translated into a science, which can impact on health policies, still needs to be realized. A key element to reach this goal is the ability of the research community to join, to collectively make the best use of the potential offered by nutritional metabolomics. This article, therefore, provides a methodological description of nutritional metabolomics that reflects on the state-of-the-art techniques used in the laboratories of the Food Biomarker Alliance (funded by the European Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life" (JPI HDHL)) as well as points of reflections to harmonize this field. It is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to present a pragmatic guidance on metabolomic methodologies, providing readers with useful "tips and tricks" along the analytical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marynka M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Christoph H Weinert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alessia Trimigno
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Reto Portmann
- Method Development and Analytics Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Andres Lacueva
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Badertscher
- Method Development and Analytics Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cialiè Rosso
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara E Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bjoern Egert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola G Ferrario
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franck Giacomoni
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lieselot Y Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Applied Metabolome Analysis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rafael Llorach
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Carole Migné
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Linda H Münger
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Beate Ott
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rosa Vázquez-Fresno
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Guy Vergères
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
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48
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Le Gall G, Guttula K, Kellingray L, Tett AJ, Ten Hoopen R, Kemsley EK, Savva GM, Ibrahim A, Narbad A. Metabolite quantification of faecal extracts from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33278-33289. [PMID: 30279959 PMCID: PMC6161785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide is expected to rise in the coming years. A better understanding of the metabolic changes taking place during the disease progression is needed for effective improvements of screening strategies and treatments. In the present study, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics was used to quantify the absolute concentrations of metabolites in faecal extracts from two cohorts of CRC patients and healthy controls. The quantification of over 80 compounds revealed that patients with CRC had increased faecal concentrations of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), isovalerate and isobutyrate plus valerate and phenylacetate but diminished concentrations of amino acids, sugars, methanol and bile acids (deoxycholate, lithodeoxycholate and cholate). These results suggest that alterations in microbial activity and composition could have triggered an increase in utilisation of host intestinal slough cells and mucins and led to an increase in BCFA, valerate and phenylacetate. Concurrently, a general reduction in the microbial metabolic function may have led to reduced levels of other components (amino acids, sugars and bile acids) normally produced under healthy conditions. This study provides a thorough listing of the most abundant compounds found in human faecal waters and presents a template for absolute quantification of metabolites. The production of BCFA and phenylacetate in colonic carcinogenesis warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Guttula
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee Kellingray
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adrian J Tett
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Rogier Ten Hoopen
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ashraf Ibrahim
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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49
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Kirwan JA, Brennan L, Broadhurst D, Fiehn O, Cascante M, Dunn WB, Schmidt MA, Velagapudi V. Preanalytical Processing and Biobanking Procedures of Biological Samples for Metabolomics Research: A White Paper, Community Perspective (for "Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group"-The Metabolomics Society Initiative). Clin Chem 2018; 64:1158-1182. [PMID: 29921725 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolome of any given biological system contains a diverse range of low molecular weight molecules (metabolites), whose abundances can be affected by the timing and method of sample collection, storage, and handling. Thus, it is necessary to consider the requirements for preanalytical processes and biobanking in metabolomics research. Poor practice can create bias and have deleterious effects on the robustness and reproducibility of acquired data. CONTENT This review presents both current practice and latest evidence on preanalytical processes and biobanking of samples intended for metabolomics measurement of common biofluids and tissues. It highlights areas requiring more validation and research and provides some evidence-based guidelines on best practices. SUMMARY Although many researchers and biobanking personnel are familiar with the necessity of standardizing sample collection procedures at the axiomatic level (e.g., fasting status, time of day, "time to freezer," sample volume), other less obvious factors can also negatively affect the validity of a study, such as vial size, material and batch, centrifuge speeds, storage temperature, time and conditions, and even environmental changes in the collection room. Any biobank or research study should establish and follow a well-defined and validated protocol for the collection of samples for metabolomics research. This protocol should be fully documented in any resulting study and should involve all stakeholders in its design. The use of samples that have been collected using standardized and validated protocols is a prerequisite to enable robust biological interpretation unhindered by unnecessary preanalytical factors that may complicate data analysis and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kirwan
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Sovaris Aerospace, LLC, Boulder, CO
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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50
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Villéger R, Lopès A, Veziant J, Gagnière J, Barnich N, Billard E, Boucher D, Bonnet M. Microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection and/or prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2327-2347. [PMID: 29904241 PMCID: PMC6000297 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i22.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbial-based test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, and the potential use of microbial variation markers for non-invasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Amélie Lopès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Research Biologics, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France
| | - Julie Veziant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Johan Gagnière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Delphine Boucher
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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