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Qiu X, Yang J, Hu X, Li J, Zhao M, Ren F, Weng X, Edden RAE, Gao F, Wang J. Association between hearing ability and cortical morphology in the elderly: multiparametric mapping, cognitive relevance, and neurobiological underpinnings. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105160. [PMID: 38788630 PMCID: PMC11140565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing impairment is a common condition in the elderly. However, a comprehensive understanding of its neural correlates is still lacking. METHODS We recruited 284 elderly adults who underwent structural MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, audiometry, and cognitive assessments. Individual hearing abilities indexed by pure tone average (PTA) were correlated with multiple structural MRI-derived cortical morphological indices. For regions showing significant correlations, mediation analyses were performed to examine their role in the relationship between hearing ability and cognitive function. Finally, the correlation maps between hearing ability and cortical morphology were linked with publicly available connectomic gradient, transcriptomic, and neurotransmitter maps. FINDINGS Poorer hearing was related to cortical thickness (CT) reductions in widespread regions and gyrification index (GI) reductions in the right Area 52 and Insular Granular Complex. The GI in the right Area 52 mediated the relationship between hearing ability and executive function. This mediating effect was further modulated by glutamate and N-acetylaspartate levels in the right auditory region. The PTA-CT correlation map followed microstructural connectomic hierarchy, were related to genes involved in certain biological processes (e.g., glutamate metabolic process), cell types (e.g., excitatory neurons and astrocytes), and developmental stages (i.e., childhood to young adulthood), and covaried with dopamine receptor 1, dopamine transporter, and fluorodopa. The PTA-GI correlation map was related to 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2a. INTERPRETATION Poorer hearing is associated with cortical thinning and folding reductions, which may be engaged in the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive decline in the elderly and have different neurobiological substrates. FUNDING See the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Qiu
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junle Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxin Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu X, Pan K, Zhao M, Lv J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Song Y, Gudmundson AT, Edden RAE, Ren F, Zhang T, Gao F. Brain extended and closed forms glutathione levels decrease with age and extended glutathione is associated with visuospatial memory. Neuroimage 2024; 293:120632. [PMID: 38701994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During aging, the brain is subject to greater oxidative stress (OS), which is thought to play a critical role in cognitive impairment. Glutathione (GSH), as a major antioxidant in the brain, can be used to combat OS. However, how brain GSH levels vary with age and their associations with cognitive function is unclear. In this study, we combined point-resolved spectroscopy and edited spectroscopy sequences to investigate extended and closed forms GSH levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and occipital cortex (OC) of 276 healthy participants (extended form, 166 females, age range 20-70 years) and 15 healthy participants (closed form, 7 females, age range 26-56 years), and examined their relationships with age and cognitive function. The results revealed decreased extended form GSH levels with age in the PCC among 276 participants. Notably, the timecourse of extended form GSH level changes in the PCC and ACC differed between males and females. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between extended form GSH levels in the PCC and OC and visuospatial memory. Additionally, a decreased trend of closed form GSH levels with age was also observed in the PCC among 15 participants. Taken together, these findings enhance our understanding of the brain both closed and extended form GSH time course during normal aging and associations with sex and memory, which is an essential first step for understanding the neurochemical underpinnings of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Keyu Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron T Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fuxin Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China.
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Taylor MK, Burns JM, Choi IY, Herda TJ, Lee P, Smith AN, Sullivan DK, Swerdlow RH, Wilkins HM. Protocol for a single-arm, pilot trial of creatine monohydrate supplementation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:42. [PMID: 38414003 PMCID: PMC10898014 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired brain bioenergetics is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a compelling target for AD treatment. Patients with AD exhibit dysfunction in the brain creatine (Cr) system, which is integral in maintaining bioenergetic flux. Recent studies in AD mouse models suggest Cr supplementation improves brain mitochondrial function and may be protective of AD peptide pathology and cognition. AIMS The Creatine to Augment Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's disease (CABA) study is designed to primarily assess the feasibility of supplementation with 20 g/day of creatine monohydrate (CrM) in patients with cognitive impairment due to AD. Secondary aims are designed to generate preliminary data investigating changes in brain Cr levels, cognition, peripheral and brain mitochondrial function, and muscle strength and size. METHODS CABA is an 8-week, single-arm pilot study that will recruit 20 patients with cognitive impairment due to AD. Participants attend five in-person study visits: two visits at baseline to conduct screening and baseline assessments, a 4-week visit, and two 8-week visits. Outcomes assessment includes recruitment, retention, and compliance, cognitive testing, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites, platelet and lymphocyte mitochondrial function, and muscle strength and morphology at baseline and 8 weeks. DISCUSSION CABA is the first study to investigate CrM as a potential treatment in patients with AD. The pilot data generated by this study are pertinent to inform the design of future large-scale efficacy trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05383833 , registered on 20 May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Trent J Herda
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Aaron N Smith
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Shukla D, Goel A, Mandal PK, Joon S, Punjabi K, Arora Y, Kumar R, Mehta VS, Singh P, Maroon JC, Bansal R, Sandal K, Roy RG, Samkaria A, Sharma S, Sandhilya S, Gaur S, Parvathi S, Joshi M. Glutathione Depletion and Concomitant Elevation of Susceptibility in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: State-of-the-Art MR Spectroscopy and Neuropsychological Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4383-4394. [PMID: 38050970 PMCID: PMC10739611 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by extrapyramidal motor disturbances and nonmotor cognitive impairments which impact activities of daily living. Although the etiology of PD is still obscure, autopsy reports suggest that oxidative stress (OS) is one of the important factors in the pathophysiology of PD. In the current study, we have investigated the impact of OS in PD by measuring the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels from the substantia nigra (SN), left hippocampus (LH) and neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels from SN region. Concomitant quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) from SN and LH was also acquired from thirty-eight PD patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Glutathione levels in the SN region decreased significantly and susceptibility increased significantly in PD compared to HC. Nonsignificant depletion of GABA was observed in the SN region. GSH levels in the LH region were depleted significantly, but LH susceptibility did not alter in the PD cohort compared to HC. Neuropsychological and physical assessment demonstrated significant impairment of cognitive functioning in PD patients compared to HC. GSH depletion was negatively correlated to motor function performance. Multivariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on the combined effect of GSH, GABA, and susceptibility in the SN region yielded an improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.1% compared to individual diagnostic accuracy based on GSH (65.8%), GABA (57.5%), and susceptibility (69.6%). This is the first comprehensive report in PD demonstrating significant GSH depletion as well as concomitant iron enhancement in the SN region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Shukla
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Anshika Goel
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Pravat K. Mandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh
Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shallu Joon
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Khushboo Punjabi
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department
of Neurology, Paras Hospitals, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Veer Singh Mehta
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Paras Hospitals, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Padam Singh
- Department
of Biostatistics, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Joseph C. Maroon
- Department
of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh
Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rishu Bansal
- Department
of Neurology, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Kanika Sandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Shallu Sharma
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Sandhya Sandhilya
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Shradha Gaur
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - S. Parvathi
- Department
of Biostatistics, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Mallika Joshi
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
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Sacli-Bilmez B, Danyeli AE, Yakicier MC, Aras FK, Pamir MN, Özduman K, Dinçer A, Ozturk-Isik E. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic correlates of progression free and overall survival in "glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4". Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149292. [PMID: 37457011 PMCID: PMC10339315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumor Classification has suggested that isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDH-wt) WHO grade-2/3 astrocytomas with molecular features of glioblastoma should be designated as "Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4." This study analyzed the metabolic correlates of progression free and overall survival in "Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4" patients using short echo time single voxel 1H-MRS. Methods Fifty-seven adult patients with hemispheric glioma fulfilling the 2021 WHO CNS Tumor Classification criteria for "Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4" at presurgery time point were included. All patients were IDH1/2-wt and TERTp-mut. 1H-MRS was performed on a 3 T MR scanner and post-processed using LCModel. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the metabolic differences between gliomas with or without contrast enhancement and necrosis. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effects of age, extent of resection, presence of contrast enhancement and necrosis, and metabolic intensities on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Machine learning algorithms were employed to discern possible metabolic patterns attributable to higher PFS or OS. Results Contrast enhancement (p = 0.015), necrosis (p = 0.012); and higher levels of Glu/tCr (p = 0.007), GSH/tCr (p = 0.019), tCho/tCr (p = 0.032), and Glx/tCr (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with shorter PFS. Additionally, necrosis (p = 0.049), higher Glu/tCr (p = 0.039), and Glx/tCr (p = 0.047) were significantly associated with worse OS. Machine learning models differentiated the patients having longer than 12 months OS with 81.71% accuracy and the patients having longer than 6 months PFS with 77.41% accuracy. Conclusion Glx and GSH have been identified as important metabolic correlates of patient survival among "IDH-wt, TERT-mut diffuse gliomas" using single-voxel 1H-MRS on a clinical 3 T MRI scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Sacli-Bilmez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayça Erşen Danyeli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Fuat Kaan Aras
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Necmettin Pamir
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Koray Özduman
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Alp Dinçer
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Hollen C, Neilson LE, Barajas RF, Greenhouse I, Spain RI. Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis-Emerging imaging techniques. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1025659. [PMID: 36712455 PMCID: PMC9878592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1025659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central to the evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis, its role in detecting the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration is more limited. One of the common outcome measures for progressive multiple sclerosis trials, atrophy on brain MRI, is non-specific and reflects end-stage changes after considerable neurodegeneration has occurred. Identifying biomarkers that identify processes underlying neurodegeneration before it is irreversible and that reflect relevant neurodegenerative pathophysiology is an area of significant need. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Imaging markers related to inflammation, myelination, and neuronal integrity have been areas of advancement in recent years but oxidative stress has remained an area of unrealized potential. In this article we will begin by reviewing the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Chronic inflammation appears to be directly related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the effects of subsequent oxidative stress appear to be amplified by aging and accumulating disease. We will then discuss techniques in development used in the assessment of MS as well as other models of neurodegenerative disease in which oxidative stress is implicated. Multiple blood and CSF markers of oxidative stress have been evaluated in subjects with MS, but non-invasive imaging offers major upside in that it provides real-time assessment within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hollen
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lee E. Neilson
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ramon F. Barajas
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Rebecca I. Spain
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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7
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Ziegs T, Wright AM, Henning A. Test-retest reproducibility of human brain multi-slice 1 H FID-MRSI data at 9.4T after optimization of lipid regularization, macromolecular model, and spline baseline stiffness. Magn Reson Med 2022; 89:11-28. [PMID: 36128885 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzes the effects of retrospective lipid suppression, a simulated macromolecular prior knowledge and different spline baseline stiffness values on 9.4T multi-slice proton FID-MRSI data spanning the whole cerebrum of human brain and the reproducibility of respective metabolite ratio to total creatine (/tCr) maps for 10 brain metabolites. METHODS Measurements were performed twice on 5 volunteers using a short TR and TE FID MRSI 2D sequence at 9.4T. The effects of retrospective lipid L2-regularization, macromolecular spectrum and different LCModel baseline flexibilities on SNR, FWHM, fitting residual, Cramér-Rao lower bound, and metabolite ratio maps were investigated. Intra-subject, inter-session coefficient of variation and the test-retest reproducibility of the mean metabolite ratios (/tCr) of each slice was calculated. RESULTS Transversal, sagittal, and coronal slices of many metabolite ratio maps correspond to the anatomically expected concentration relations in gray and white matter for the majority of the cerebrum when using a flexible baseline in LCModel fit. Results from the second measurements of the same subjects show that slice positioning and data quality correlate significantly to the first measurement. L2-regularization provided effective suppression of lipid-artifacts, but should be avoided if no artifacts are detected. CONCLUSION Reproducible concentration ratio maps (/tCr) for 4 metabolites (total choline, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and myoinositol) spanning the majority of the cerebrum and 6 metabolites (N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione, taurine, glutamine, and aspartate) covering 32 mm in the upper part of the brain were acquired at 9.4T using multi-slice FID MRSI with retrospective lipid suppression, a macromolecular spectrum and a flexible LCModel baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Ziegs
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Martin Wright
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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8
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Choi IY, Taylor MK, Lee P, Alhayek SA, Bechtel M, Hamilton-Reeves J, Spaeth K, Adany P, Sullivan DK. Milk intake enhances cerebral antioxidant (glutathione) concentration in older adults: A randomized controlled intervention study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:811650. [PMID: 36046132 PMCID: PMC9421260 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.811650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), is a key factor in the antioxidant defense mechanism against oxidative stress and aging-related functional declines. Our previous observational study showed positive correlations between brain GSH concentrations and dairy food consumption, particularly milk (p < 0.001), in older adults. Objective To investigate whether a recommended amount of milk intake (3 cups/day) in low dairy consumers enhances brain GSH concentrations through an intervention trial. Methods Seventy-three older adults (60–89 years) with a low dairy intake (≤1.5 servings/day) were randomized (5:2 ratio) in this 3-month randomized clinical trial. The intervention group was provided 1% milk weekly and instructed to consume 3 cups of milk/day for 3 months while the control group continued their habitual intake of total dairy ≤ 1.5 servings/day (<1 cup of milk/day). Brain GSH concentrations were measured in the fronto-parietal region using our unique 3 T magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging technique at baseline and 3 months. Results Among 73 randomized participants, 66 participants (49 intervention; 17 controls) completed the study. Milk intake in the intervention group increased from 0.2 ± 0.3 cups/day to 3.0 ± 0.6 cups/day (p < 0.001) between baseline and the end of the study, while milk intake in the control group did not differ throughout the study duration (0.4 ± 0.4 cups/day). The intervention group showed increases in brain GSH concentrations by 7.4 ± 11.7% (p < 0.001) in parietal and 4.7 ± 9.8% (p = 0.003) in fronto-parietal regions, and 4.6 ± 8.7% (p < 0.001) in overall brain concentration after the intervention compared with baseline, while the control group showed no changes. Conclusion This study provides evidence that milk serves as a good dietary source to increase and/or restore brain GSH concentrations in older adults. Identifying dietary sources that effectively enhance antioxidant defenses and neuroprotection could lead to the development of new strategies to promote brain health in the aging population. Clinical trial registration [https://ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02957422].
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Matthew K Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sibelle Alwatchi Alhayek
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Misty Bechtel
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kendra Spaeth
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Peter Adany
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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9
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Bottino F, Lucignani M, Napolitano A, Dellepiane F, Visconti E, Rossi Espagnet MC, Pasquini L. In Vivo Brain GSH: MRS Methods and Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091407. [PMID: 34573039 PMCID: PMC8468877 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant implicated in several physiological functions, including the oxidation−reduction reaction balance and brain antioxidant defense against endogenous and exogenous toxic agents. Altered brain GSH levels may reflect inflammatory processes associated with several neurologic disorders. An accurate and reliable estimation of cerebral GSH concentrations could give a clear and thorough understanding of its metabolism within the brain, thus providing a valuable benchmark for clinical applications. In this context, we aimed to provide an overview of the different magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technologies introduced for in vivo human brain GSH quantification both in healthy control (HC) volunteers and in subjects affected by different neurological disorders (e.g., brain tumors, and psychiatric and degenerative disorders). Additionally, we aimed to provide an exhaustive list of normal GSH concentrations within different brain areas. The definition of standard reference values for different brain areas could lead to a better interpretation of the altered GSH levels recorded in subjects with neurological disorders, with insights into the possible role of GSH as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bottino
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Lucignani
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-333-3214614
| | - Francesco Dellepiane
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Emiliano Visconti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Surgery and Trauma Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Maria Camilla Rossi Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
- Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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10
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Cudalbu C, Behar KL, Bhattacharyya PK, Bogner W, Borbath T, de Graaf RA, Gruetter R, Henning A, Juchem C, Kreis R, Lee P, Lei H, Marjańska M, Mekle R, Murali-Manohar S, Považan M, Rackayová V, Simicic D, Slotboom J, Soher BJ, Starčuk Z, Starčuková J, Tkáč I, Williams S, Wilson M, Wright AM, Xin L, Mlynárik V. Contribution of macromolecules to brain 1 H MR spectra: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4393. [PMID: 33236818 PMCID: PMC10072289 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proton MR spectra of the brain, especially those measured at short and intermediate echo times, contain signals from mobile macromolecules (MM). A description of the main MM is provided in this consensus paper. These broad peaks of MM underlie the narrower peaks of metabolites and often complicate their quantification but they also may have potential importance as biomarkers in specific diseases. Thus, separation of broad MM signals from low molecular weight metabolites enables accurate determination of metabolite concentrations and is of primary interest in many studies. Other studies attempt to understand the origin of the MM spectrum, to decompose it into individual spectral regions or peaks and to use the components of the MM spectrum as markers of various physiological or pathological conditions in biomedical research or clinical practice. The aim of this consensus paper is to provide an overview and some recommendations on how to handle the MM signals in different types of studies together with a list of open issues in the field, which are all summarized at the end of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamas Borbath
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, Germany
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Roland Kreis
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hongxia Lei
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ralf Mekle
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michal Považan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Veronika Rackayová
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Simicic
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Slotboom
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian J Soher
- Center for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zenon Starčuk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Starčuková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Martin Wright
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lijing Xin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Vladimír Mlynárik
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Kulpanovich A, Tal A. What is the optimal schedule for multiparametric MRS? A magnetic resonance fingerprinting perspective. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4196. [PMID: 31814197 PMCID: PMC9244865 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) mainly concerns itself with the quantification of metabolite concentrations. Metabolite relaxation values, which reflect the microscopic state of specific cellular and sub-cellular environments, could potentially hold additional valuable information, but are rarely acquired within clinical scan times. By varying the flip angle, repetition time and echo time in a preset way (termed a schedule), and matching the resulting signals to a pre-generated dictionary - an approach dubbed magnetic resonance fingerprinting - it is possible to encode the spins' relaxation times into the acquired signal, simultaneously quantifying multiple tissue parameters for each metabolite. Herein, we optimized the schedule to minimize the averaged root mean square error (RMSE) across all estimated parameters: concentrations, longitudinal and transverse relaxation time, and transmitter inhomogeneity. The optimal schedules were validated in phantoms and, subsequently, in a cohort of healthy volunteers, in a 4.5 mL parietal white matter single voxel and an acquisition time under 5 minutes. The average intra-subject, inter-scan coefficients of variation (CVs) for metabolite concentrations, T1 and T2 relaxation times were found to be 3.4%, 4.6% and 4.7% in-vivo, respectively, averaged over all major singlets. Coupled metabolites were quantified using the short echo time schedule entries and spectral fitting, and reliable estimates of glutamate+glutamine, glutathione and myo-inositol were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kulpanovich
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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12
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Choi IY, Andronesi OC, Barker P, Bogner W, Edden RAE, Kaiser LG, Lee P, Marjańska M, Terpstra M, de Graaf RA. Spectral editing in 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4411. [PMID: 32946145 PMCID: PMC8557623 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing in in vivo 1 H-MRS provides an effective means to measure low-concentration metabolite signals that cannot be reliably measured by conventional MRS techniques due to signal overlap, for example, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Spectral editing strategies utilize known J-coupling relationships within the metabolite of interest to discriminate their resonances from overlying signals. This consensus recommendation paper provides a brief overview of commonly used homonuclear editing techniques and considerations for data acquisition, processing and quantification. Also, we have listed the experts' recommendations for minimum requirements to achieve adequate spectral editing and reliable quantification. These include selecting the right editing sequence, dealing with frequency drift, handling unwanted coedited resonances, spectral fitting of edited spectra, setting up multicenter clinical trials and recommending sequence parameters to be reported in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lana G Kaiser
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Andronesi OC, Nicholson K, Jafari-Khouzani K, Bogner W, Wang J, Chan J, Macklin EA, Levine-Weinberg M, Breen C, Schwarzschild MA, Cudkowicz M, Rosen BR, Paganoni S, Ratai EM. Imaging Neurochemistry and Brain Structure Tracks Clinical Decline and Mechanisms of ALS in Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590573. [PMID: 33343494 PMCID: PMC7744722 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress and protein aggregation are key mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant that protects neurons from reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that levels of GSH measured by MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in the motor cortex and corticospinal tract are linked to clinical trajectory of ALS patients. Objectives: Investigate the value of GSH imaging to probe clinical decline of ALS patients in combination with other neurochemical and structural parameters. Methods: Twenty-four ALS patients were imaged at 3 T with an advanced MR protocol. Mapping GSH levels in the brain is challenging, and for this purpose, we used an optimized spectral-edited 3D MRSI sequence with real-time motion and field correction to image glutathione and other brain metabolites. In addition, our imaging protocol included (i) an adiabatic T1ρ sequence to image macromolecular fraction of brain parenchyma, (ii) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for white matter tractography, and (iii) high-resolution anatomical imaging. Results: We found GSH in motor cortex (r = −0.431, p = 0.04) and corticospinal tract (r = −0.497, p = 0.016) inversely correlated with time between diagnosis and imaging. N-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in motor cortex inversely correlated (r = −0.416, p = 0.049), while mean water diffusivity (r = 0.437, p = 0.033) and T1ρ (r = 0.482, p = 0.019) positively correlated with disease progression measured by imputed change in revised ALS Functional Rating Scale. There is more decrease in the motor cortex than in the white matter for GSH compared to NAA, glutamate, and glutamine. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a panel of biochemical and structural imaging biomarkers defines a brain endophenotype, which can be used to time biological events and clinical progression in ALS patients. Such a quantitative brain endophenotype may stratify ALS patients into more homogeneous groups for therapeutic interventions compared to clinical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katharine Nicholson
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kourosh Jafari-Khouzani
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - James Chan
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric A Macklin
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Levine-Weinberg
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher Breen
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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An L, Araneta MF, Victorino M, Shen J. Determination of Brain Metabolite
T
1
Without Interference From Macromolecule Relaxation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1352-1359. [PMID: 32618104 PMCID: PMC10108383 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND J-coupled metabolites are often measured at a predetermined echo time in the presence of macromolecule signals, which complicates the measurement of metabolite T1 . PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and benefits of measuring metabolite T1 relaxation times without changing the overlapping macromolecule baseline signals. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Five healthy volunteers (three females and two males; age = 27 ± 7 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7T scanner using a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)-based spectral editing MR spectroscopy (MRS) sequence with inversion recovery (IR). ASSESSMENT F-tests were performed to evaluate if the new approach, which fitted all the spectra together and used the same baselines for the three different IR settings, significantly reduced the variances of the metabolite T1 values compared to a conventional fitting approach. STATISTICAL TESTS Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), within-subject coefficient of variation, and F-test. RESULTS The T1 relaxation times of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate (Glu) were determined with CRLB values below 6%. Glutamine (Gln) T1 was determined with a 17% CRLB, and the T1 of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined with a 34% CRLB. The new approach significantly reduced the variances (F-test P < 0.05) of NAA, Glu, Gln, tCr, tCho, and mI T1 s compared to the conventional approach. DATA CONCLUSION Keeping macromolecule signals intact by using only long IR times allowed the use of a single macromolecule spectral model for different IR settings and significantly reduced the variances of NAA, Glu, Gln, tCr, tCho, and mI T1 s. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Section on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Maria Ferraris Araneta
- Section on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Milalynn Victorino
- Section on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Section on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
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15
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An L, Araneta MF, Victorino M, Shen J. Signal enhancement of glutamine and glutathione by single-step spectral editing. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 316:106756. [PMID: 32521478 PMCID: PMC7385909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-step spectral editing approach using an always-on editing pulse was proposed to enhance the signals of strongly coupled spins. Specifically, a single-step spectral editing sequence with an always-on editing pulse applied at 2.12 ppm was used to enhance glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) signals at TE = 56 ms on a 7 T scanner. Density matrix simulations demonstrated that the current method (TE = 56 ms) led to large signal enhancement of at least 61% for Gln and 51% for GSH compared to a previous single-step method (TE = 106 ms). Monte Carlo simulations showed that the current method reduced noise-originated variations by 31% for Gln and 26% for GSH compared to a previous three-step spectral editing method from which the present method was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Maria Ferraris Araneta
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milalynn Victorino
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Shukla D, Mandal PK, Tripathi M, Vishwakarma G, Mishra R, Sandal K. Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age-matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA-PRESS. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:194-217. [PMID: 31584232 PMCID: PMC7268069 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glutathione (GSH) mitigates this effect by maintaining redox-imbalance and free-radical neutralization. Quantified brain GSH concentration provides distinct information about OS among age-matched normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. We report alterations of in vivo GSH conformers, along with the choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate levels in the cingulate cortex (CC) containing anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) regions of 64 (27 NC, 19 MCI, and 18 AD) participants using MEscher-GArwood-Point-RESolved spectroscopy sequence. Result indicated, tissue corrected GSH depletion in PCC among MCI (p = .001) and AD (p = .028) and in ACC among MCI (p = .194) and AD (p = .025) as compared to NC. Effects of the group, region, and group × region on GSH with age and gender as covariates were analyzed using a generalized linear model with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. A significant effect of group with GSH depletion in AD and MCI was observed as compared to NC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of GSH level in CC differentiated between MCI and NC groups with an accuracy of 82.8% and 73.5% between AD and NC groups. Multivariate ROC analysis for the combined effect of the GSH alteration in both ACC and PCC regions provided improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.6% for NC to MCI conversion and 76.4% for NC to AD conversion. We conclude that only closed GSH conformer depletion in the ACC and PCC regions is critical and constitute a potential biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Shukla
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Pravat Kumar Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Vishwakarma
- Department of Biostatistics, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritwick Mishra
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Kanika Sandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
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17
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Landheer K, Schulte RF, Treacy MS, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. Theoretical description of modern1H in Vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic pulse sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1008-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | | | - Michael S. Treacy
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Kelley M. Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York USA
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18
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An L, Araneta MF, Johnson C, Shen J. Simultaneous measurement of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and glutathione by spectral editing without subtraction. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1776-1786. [PMID: 29575059 PMCID: PMC6107387 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To simultaneously measure glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione using spectral editing without subtraction at 7T. METHODS A novel spectral editing approach was proposed to simultaneously measure glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and glutathione using a TE of 56 ms at 7T. By numerical optimization of sequence timing in the presence of an editing pulse, the 4 metabolites all form relatively intense pseudo singlets with maximized peak amplitudes and minimized peak linewidths in 1 of the 3 interleaved spectra. For measuring glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione, the editing pulse targets the H3 protons of these metabolites near 2.12 parts per million. Both GABA H2 and H4 resonances are fully utilized in spectral fitting. RESULTS Concentration levels (/[total creatine]) of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and glutathione from an 8 mL voxel in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex of 5 healthy volunteers were found to be 1.26 ± 0.13, 0.33 ± 0.06, 0.13 ± 0.03, and 0.27 ± 0.03, respectively, with within-subject coefficient of variation at 3.2%, 8.2%, 7.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. The total scan time was less than 4.5 min. CONCLUSIONS The proposed new technique does not require data subtraction. The 3 major metabolites of the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems and the oxidative stress marker glutathione were all measured in 1 short scan with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Christopher Johnson
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Shen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Oeltzschner G, Chan KL, Saleh MG, Mikkelsen M, Puts NA, Edden RAE. Hadamard editing of glutathione and macromolecule-suppressed GABA. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:10.1002/nbm.3844. [PMID: 29073732 PMCID: PMC5737628 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are compounds of high importance for the function and integrity of the human brain. In this study, a method for simultaneous J-difference spectral-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of GSH and GABA with suppression of macromolecular (MM) signals at 3 T is proposed. MM-suppressed Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of MEGA (Mescher-Garwood)-edited spectroscopy (HERMES) consists of four sub-experiments (TE = 80 ms), with 20-ms editing pulses applied at: (A) 4.56 and 1.9 ppm; (B) 4.56 and 1.5 ppm; (C) 1.9 ppm; and (D) 1.5 ppm. One Hadamard combination (A + B - C - D) yields GSH-edited spectra, and another (A - B + C - D) yields GABA-edited spectra, with symmetric suppression of the co-edited MM signal. MM-suppressed HERMES, conventional HERMES and separate Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) data were successfully acquired from a (33 mm)3 voxel in the parietal lobe in 10 healthy subjects. GSH- and GABA-edited MM-suppressed HERMES spectra were in close agreement with the respective MEGA-PRESS spectra. Mean GABA (and GSH) estimates were 1.10 ± 0.15 i.u. (0.59 ± 0.12 i.u.) for MM-suppressed HERMES, and 1.13 ± 0.09 i.u. (0.66 ± 0.09 i.u.) for MEGA-PRESS. Mean GABA (and GSH) differences between MM-suppressed HERMES and MEGA-PRESS were -0.03 ± 0.11 i.u. (-0.07 ± 0.11 i.u.). The mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of MM-suppressed HERMES over MEGA-PRESS was 1.45 ± 0.25 for GABA and 1.32 ± 0.24 for GSH. These results indicate that symmetric suppression of the MM signal can be accommodated into the Hadamard editing framework. Compared with sequential single-metabolite MEGA-PRESS experiments, MM-suppressed HERMES allows for simultaneous edited measurements of GSH and GABA without MM contamination in only half the scan time, and SNR is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oeltzschner
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly L. Chan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Muhammad G. Saleh
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicolaas A. Puts
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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Bogner W, Hangel G, Esmaeili M, Andronesi OC. 1D-spectral editing and 2D multispectral in vivo 1H-MRS and 1H-MRSI - Methods and applications. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:48-64. [PMID: 28034791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the methodological aspects of detecting low-abundant J-coupled metabolites via 1D spectral editing techniques and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods applied in vivo, in humans, with a focus on the brain. A brief explanation of the basics of J-evolution will be followed by an introduction to 1D spectral editing techniques (e.g., J-difference editing, multiple quantum coherence filtering) and 2D-NMR methods (e.g., correlation spectroscopy, J-resolved spectroscopy). Established and recently developed methods will be discussed and the most commonly edited J-coupled metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, antioxidants, onco-markers, and markers for metabolic processes) will be briefly summarized along with their most important applications in neuroscience and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bogner
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Morteza Esmaeili
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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21
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Choi IY, Lee P, Adany P, Hughes AJ, Belliston S, Denney DR, Lynch SG. In vivo evidence of oxidative stress in brains of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2017; 24:1029-1038. [PMID: 28569645 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517711568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative stress hypothesis links neurodegeneration in the later, progressive stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) to the loss of a major brain antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). OBJECTIVE We measured GSH concentrations among major MS subtypes and examined the relationships with other indices of disease status including physical disability and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. METHODS GSH mapping was performed on the fronto-parietal region of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS, n = 21), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS, n = 20), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS, n = 20), and controls ( n = 28) using GSH chemical shift imaging. Between-group comparisons were performed on all variables (GSH, T2-lesion, atrophy, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)). RESULTS Patients with MS had substantially lower GSH concentrations than controls, and GSH was lower in progressive MS (PPMS and SPMS) compared with RRMS. GSH concentrations were not significantly different between PPMS and SPMS, or between RRMS and controls. Brain atrophy was significant in both RRMS and progressive MS compared with controls. CONCLUSION Markedly lower GSH in progressive MS than RRMS indicates more prominent involvement of oxidative stress in the progressive stage of MS than the inflammatory stage. The association between GSH and brain atrophy suggests the important role of oxidative stress contributing to neurodegeneration in progressive MS, as suggested in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Peter Adany
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abbey J Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Scott Belliston
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Douglas R Denney
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sharon G Lynch
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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22
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An L, Li S, Shen J. Simultaneous determination of metabolite concentrations, T 1 and T 2 relaxation times. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2072-2081. [PMID: 28164364 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To simultaneously measure concentration and T1 and T2 values of metabolites in the human brain in a single scan session. METHODS A new pulse sequence with multiple variable acquisition parameters was proposed to encode metabolite T1 and T2 information into the acquired data. A linear combination-fitting algorithm was developed in-house to simultaneously determine metabolite concentrations and relaxation times. RESULTS Concentration, T1 , and T2 values of N-acetyl-aspartate, total creatine, total choline, and glutamate were reliably measured in the frontal gray matter and white matter regions of nine healthy volunteers at 7 tesla in less than 10 minutes of scan time per voxel. T1 and T2 values of glutamine, as well as T1 of glutathione, were also measured in the frontal gray matter region with reasonable precision. CONCLUSION The proposed technique allows multiparametric characterization of brain metabolites in a single scan session, making it possible to measure both levels and intracellular microenvironments of brain chemicals in clinical MR spectroscopy studies. Magn Reson Med 78:2072-2081, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shizhe Li
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Glutathione in the human brain: Review of its roles and measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2016; 529:127-143. [PMID: 28034792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the transport, synthesis and catabolism of glutathione in the brain as well as its compartmentation and biochemistry in different brain cells. The major reactions involving glutathione are reviewed and the factors limiting its availability in brain cells are discussed. We also describe and critique current methods for measuring glutathione in the human brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and review the literature on glutathione measurements in healthy brains and in neurological, psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions In summary: Healthy human brain glutathione concentration is ∼1-2 mM, but it varies by brain region, with evidence of gender differences and age effects; in neurological disease glutathione appears reduced in multiple sclerosis, motor neurone disease and epilepsy, while being increased in meningiomas; in psychiatric disease the picture is complex and confounded by methodological differences, regional effects, length of disease and drug-treatment. Both increases and decreases in glutathione have been reported in depression and schizophrenia. In Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment there is evidence for a decrease in glutathione compared to age-matched healthy controls. Improved methods to measure glutathione in vivo will provide better precision in glutathione determination and help resolve the complex biochemistry of this molecule in health and disease.
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Sanaei Nezhad F, Anton A, Parkes LM, Deakin B, Williams SR. Quantification of glutathione in the human brain by MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla: Comparison of PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1257-1266. [PMID: 27797108 PMCID: PMC5469715 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione (GSH) is an important intracellular antioxidant in the brain. A number of studies report its measurement by localized 1 H spectroscopy using PRESS and STEAM. This study evaluates the reliability and accuracy of GSH measurements from PRESS at 3 Tesla (T) and compares the results to those obtained with MEGA-PRESS. METHODS Phantoms containing brain metabolites, identical except for variable GSH concentration between 0 and 24 mM, were scanned using PRESS (echo time (TE) = 35 ms) and MEGA-PRESS (optimized TE = 130 ms) at 3 T. Spectra of the anterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex in seven healthy volunteers were also acquired. RESULTS Phantom GSH concentrations from 0 to 3mM were unreliably quantified using PRESS, although at 4 mM and above there was a linear relationship between measured and true concentrations (R2 = 0.99). Using MEGA-PRESS, there was no signal detected at 0 mM GSH, plus a linear relationship (R2 = 0.99) over the full range from 0-24 mM. In brain, concentrations calculated from MEGA-PRESS and PRESS were significantly different in occipital cortex (P < 0.001). Moreover, only MEGA-PRESS reported significant differences in GSH between the two brain regions (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Due to uncertainties in GSH quantification raised by the study, the authors conclude that physiological concentrations (<4 mM) of GSH cannot be reliably quantified from PRESS (TE = 35 ms) spectra at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 78:1257-1266, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sanaei Nezhad
- Centre for Imaging ScienceManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Adriana Anton
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- Centre for Imaging ScienceManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Centre for Imaging ScienceManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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25
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Choi IY, Lee P, Hughes AJ, Denney DR, Lynch SG. Longitudinal changes of cerebral glutathione (GSH) levels associated with the clinical course of disease progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 23:956-962. [PMID: 27620894 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516669441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress leads to loss of glutathione (GSH). We have reported lower cerebral GSH in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), indicating the involvement of oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE This study expanded upon our earlier work by examining longitudinal changes in cerebral GSH in patients with SPMS in relation to their clinical status. METHODS A total of 13 patients with SPMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) = 4.0-6.5; MS duration = 21.2 ± 8.7 years) and 12 controls were studied over 3-5 years. GSH mapping was acquired from frontal and parietal regions using a multiple quantum chemical shift imaging technique at 3 T. Clinical assessments of the patient's disability included EDSS, gait, motor strength, ataxia, tremor, brainstem function and vision changes. RESULTS Brain GSH concentrations in patients were lower than those in controls for both baseline and 3- to 5-year follow-ups. Longitudinal GSH changes of patients were associated with their neurologist's blinded appraisal of their clinical progression. Patients judged to have worsening clinical status had significantly greater declines in frontal GSH concentrations than those with stable clinical status. CONCLUSION GSH provides a distinct measure associated with the disease progression in SPMS, possibly due to its dynamic alignment with pathogenic processes of MS related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center and Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center and Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abbey J Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Douglas R Denney
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sharon G Lynch
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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26
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Prinsen H, de Graaf RA, Mason GF, Pelletier D, Juchem C. Reproducibility measurement of glutathione, GABA, and glutamate: Towards in vivo neurochemical profiling of multiple sclerosis with MR spectroscopy at 7T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:187-198. [PMID: 27351712 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the reproducibility of a comprehensive single-session measurement of glutathione (GSH), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and other biochemicals implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the human brain with 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Five healthy subjects were studied twice in separate 1-hour sessions at 7T. One MS patient was also scanned once. GSH and GABA were measured with J-difference editing using a semilocalized by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence (semi-LASER, TE = 72 msec). A stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence (STEAM, TE = 10 msec) was used to detect glutamate along with the overall biochemical profile. Spectra were quantified with LCModel. Quantification accuracy was assessed through Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB). Reproducibility of the metabolite quantification was tested using coefficients of variation (CoV). RESULTS CRLB were ≤7% for GSH, GABA, and glutamate and average CoV of 7.8 ± 3.2%, 9.5 ± 7.0%, and 3.2 ± 1.7% were achieved, respectively. The average test/retest concentration differences at this measurement reproducibility and quantification accuracy were smaller for GABA and glutamate than intersubject variations in metabolite content with CoV ratios of 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. As proof of principle, GSH, GABA, and glutamate were also detected in an MS patient. CONCLUSION GSH, GABA, glutamate, and other metabolites relevant in MS can be quantified at 7T with high accuracy and reproducibility in a single 1-hour session. This methodology might serve as a clinical research tool to investigate biochemical markers associated with MS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:187-198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetty Prinsen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Mandal PK, Saharan S, Tripathi M, Murari G. Brain glutathione levels--a novel biomarker for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:702-10. [PMID: 26003861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extant data from in vivo animal models and postmortem studies indicate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is associated with reduction of the brain antioxidant glutathione (GSH), yet direct clinical evidence has been lacking. In this study, we investigated GSH modulation in the brain with AD and assessed the diagnostic potential of GSH estimation in hippocampi (HP) and frontal cortices (FC) as a biomarker for AD and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Brain GSH levels were measured in HP of 21 AD, 22 MCI, and 21 healthy old controls (HC) and FC of 19 AD, 19 MCI, and 28 HC with in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The association between GSH levels and clinical measures of AD progression was tested. Linear regression models were used to determine the best combination of GSH estimation in these brain regions for discrimination between AD, MCI, and HC. RESULTS AD-dependent reduction of GSH was observed in both HP and FC (p < .001). Furthermore, GSH reduction in these regions correlated with decline in cognitive functions. Receiver operator characteristics analyses evidenced that hippocampal GSH robustly discriminates between MCI and healthy controls with 87.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 8.76/.13, whereas cortical GSH differentiates MCI and AD with 91.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 9.17/.08. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides compelling in vivo evidence that estimation of GSH levels in specific brain regions with magnetic resonance spectroscopy constitutes a clinically relevant biomarker for MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, xxx, India; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Sumiti Saharan
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, xxx, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetanjali Murari
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, xxx, India
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28
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Choi IY, Lee P, Denney DR, Spaeth K, Nast O, Ptomey L, Roth AK, Lierman JA, Sullivan DK. Dairy intake is associated with brain glutathione concentration in older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:287-93. [PMID: 25646325 PMCID: PMC4307202 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.096701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduction in key antioxidants such as glutathione has been noted in brain tissue undergoing oxidative stress in aging and neurodegeneration. To date, no dietary factor has been linked to a higher glutathione concentration. However, in an earlier pilot study, we showed evidence of a positive association between cerebral glutathione and dairy intake. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that dairy food consumption is associated with cerebral glutathione concentrations in older adults. DESIGN In this observational study, we measured cerebral glutathione concentrations in 60 healthy subjects (mean ± SD age: 68.7 ± 6.2 y) whose routine dairy intakes varied. Glutathione concentrations were measured by using a unique, noninvasive magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging technique at 3 T and compared with dairy intakes reported in 7-d food records. RESULTS Glutathione concentrations in the frontal [Spearman's rank-order correlation (rs) = 0.39, P = 0.013], parietal (rs = 0.50, P = 0.001), and frontoparietal regions (rs = 0.47, P = 0.003) were correlated with average daily dairy servings. In particular, glutathione concentrations in all 3 regions were positively correlated with milk servings (P ≤ 0.013), and those in the parietal region were also correlated with cheese servings (P = 0.015) and calcium intake (P = 0.039). Dairy intake was related to sex, fat-free mass, and daily intakes of energy, protein, and carbohydrates. However, when these factors were controlled through a partial correlation, correlations between glutathione concentrations and dairy and milk servings remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher cerebral glutathione concentrations were associated with greater dairy consumption in older adults. One possible explanation for this association is that dairy foods may serve as a good source of substrates for glutathione synthesis in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Phil Lee
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Douglas R Denney
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Kendra Spaeth
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Olivia Nast
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Lauren Ptomey
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Alexandra K Roth
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Jo Ann Lierman
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- From the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center (I-YC, PL, and JAL) and the Departments of Neurology (I-YC), Molecular & Integrative Physiology (I-YC and PL), and Dietetics and Nutrition (KS, ON, LP, and DKS), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (DRD and AKR)
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