1
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Ostojic J, Kozic D, Panjkovic M, Georgievski-Brkic B, Dragicevic D, Lovrenski A, Boban J. Peak Resembling N-acetylaspartate (NAA) on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Brain Metastases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:662. [PMID: 38674308 PMCID: PMC11052432 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Differentiating between a high-grade glioma (HGG) and solitary cerebral metastasis presents a challenge when using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), an advanced MRI technique, may assist in resolving this diagnostic dilemma. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an amino acid found uniquely in the central nervous system and in high concentrations in neurons, typically suggests HGG over metastatic lesions in spectra from ring-enhancing lesions. This study investigates exceptions to this norm. Materials and Methods: We conducted an MRS study on 49 histologically confirmed and previously untreated patients with brain metastases, employing single-voxel (SVS) techniques with short and long echo times, as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Results: In our cohort, 44 out of 49 (90%) patients demonstrated a typical MR spectroscopic profile consistent with secondary deposits: a Cho peak, very low or absent Cr, absence of NAA, and the presence of lipids. A peak at approximately 2 ppm, termed the "NAA-like peak", was present in spectra obtained with both short and long echo times. Among the MRS data from 49 individuals, we observed a peak at 2.0 ppm in five brain metastases from mucinous carcinoma of the breast, mucinous non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma, two metastatic melanomas, and one metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Pathohistological verification of mucin in two of these five cases suggested this peak likely represents N-acetyl glycoproteins, indicative of mucin expression in cancer cells. Conclusions: The identification of a prominent peak at 2.0 ppm could be a valuable diagnostic marker for distinguishing single ring-enhancing lesions, potentially associated with mucin-expressing metastases, offering a new avenue for diagnostic specificity in challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ostojic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Dusko Kozic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Milana Panjkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Dusan Dragicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Lovrenski
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jasmina Boban
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
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2
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Dudka I, Lundquist K, Wikström P, Bergh A, Gröbner G. Metabolomic profiles of intact tissues reflect clinically relevant prostate cancer subtypes. J Transl Med 2023; 21:860. [PMID: 38012666 PMCID: PMC10683247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is a heterogenous multifocal disease ranging from indolent to lethal states. For improved treatment-stratification, reliable approaches are needed to faithfully differentiate between high- and low-risk tumors and to predict therapy response at diagnosis. METHODS A metabolomic approach based on high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR MAS NMR) analysis was applied on intact biopsies samples (n = 111) obtained from patients (n = 31) treated by prostatectomy, and combined with advanced multi- and univariate statistical analysis methods to identify metabolomic profiles reflecting tumor differentiation (Gleason scores and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade) and subtypes based on tumor immunoreactivity for Ki67 (cell proliferation) and prostate specific antigen (PSA, marker for androgen receptor activity). RESULTS Validated metabolic profiles were obtained that clearly distinguished cancer tissues from benign prostate tissues. Subsequently, metabolic signatures were identified that further divided cancer tissues into two clinically relevant groups, namely ISUP Grade 2 (n = 29) and ISUP Grade 3 (n = 17) tumors. Furthermore, metabolic profiles associated with different tumor subtypes were identified. Tumors with low Ki67 and high PSA (subtype A, n = 21) displayed metabolite patterns significantly different from tumors with high Ki67 and low PSA (subtype B, n = 28). In total, seven metabolites; choline, peak for combined phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine metabolites (PC + GPC), glycine, creatine, combined signal of glutamate/glutamine (Glx), taurine and lactate, showed significant alterations between PC subtypes A and B. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic profiles of intact biopsies obtained by our non-invasive HR MAS NMR approach together with advanced chemometric tools reliably identified PC and specifically differentiated highly aggressive tumors from less aggressive ones. Thus, this approach has proven the potential of exploiting cancer-specific metabolites in clinical settings for obtaining personalized treatment strategies in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Dudka
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Bansal N, Kumar M, Sankhwar SN, Gupta A. Evaluation of prostate cancer tissue metabolomics: would clinics utilise it for diagnosis? Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e26. [PMID: 37548191 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between January 2004 and August 2022 that reported biomarkers for PC detection, development, aggressiveness, recurrence and treatment response. Although potential studies have reported the presence of distinguishing molecules that can distinguish between benign and cancerous prostate tissue. However, there are few studies looking into signature molecules linked to disease development, therapy response or tumour recurrence. The majority of these studies use high-dimensional datasets, and the number of potential metabolites investigated frequently exceeds the size of the available samples. In light of this, pre-analytical, statistical, methodological and confounding factors such as antiandrogen therapy (NAT) may also be linked to the identified chemometric multivariate differences between PC and relevant control samples in the datasets. Despite the methodological and procedural challenges, a range of methodological groups and processes have consistently identified a number of signature metabolites and pathways that appear to imply a substantial involvement in the cellular metabolomics of PC for tumour formation and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneeta Bansal
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Satya N Sankhwar
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
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4
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Zeković M, Bumbaširević U, Živković M, Pejčić T. Alteration of Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer: Multifaceted Oncologic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021391. [PMID: 36674910 PMCID: PMC9863986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is increasingly recognized as an extraordinarily heterogeneous disease featuring an intricate mutational landscape and vast intra- and intertumor variability on both genetic and phenotypic levels. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignant disease among men worldwide. A single metabolic program cannot epitomize the perplexing reprogramming of tumor metabolism needed to sustain the stemness of neoplastic cells and their prominent energy-consuming functional properties, such as intensive proliferation, uncontrolled growth, migration, and invasion. In cancerous tissue, lipids provide the structural integrity of biological membranes, supply energy, influence the regulation of redox homeostasis, contribute to plasticity, angiogenesis and microenvironment reshaping, mediate the modulation of the inflammatory response, and operate as signaling messengers, i.e., lipid mediators affecting myriad processes relevant for the development of the neoplasia. Comprehensive elucidation of the lipid metabolism alterations in PCa, the underlying regulatory mechanisms, and their implications in tumorigenesis and the progression of the disease are gaining growing research interest in the contemporary urologic oncology. Delineation of the unique metabolic signature of the PCa featuring major aberrant pathways including de novo lipogenesis, lipid uptake, storage and compositional reprogramming may provide novel, exciting, and promising avenues for improving diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical management of such a complex and heterogeneous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uros Bumbaširević
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Živković
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tomislav Pejčić
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Sanchez-Dahl Gonzalez M, Muti IH, Cheng LL. High resolution magic angle spinning MRS in prostate cancer. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:695-705. [PMID: 35318537 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death among men worldwide. The current methods utilized to screen for prostate cancer may not have sufficient sensitivity in distinguishing aggressive from indolent diseases, which affect the quality of life of patients in the short and long term. The overdiagnosis of cases and overtreatment are prevalent due to the heterogeneity of the disease in terms of latent and progressive variants, as well as in the tissue types present in biopsy samples. METHODS The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential clinical benefits of incorporating high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) modalities to overcome the current challenges in the diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella H Muti
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo L Cheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Lutz NW, Bernard M. Methodological Developments for Metabolic NMR Spectroscopy from Cultured Cells to Tissue Extracts: Achievements, Progress and Pitfalls. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134214. [PMID: 35807461 PMCID: PMC9268249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a broad overview and critical review of a particular group of closely related ex vivo and in vitro metabolic NMR spectroscopic methods. The scope of interest comprises studies of cultured cells and excised tissue, either intact or after physicochemical extraction of metabolites. Our detailed discussion includes pitfalls that have led to erroneous statements in the published literature, some of which may cause serious problems in metabolic and biological interpretation of results. To cover a wide range of work from relevant research areas, we consider not only the most recent achievements in the field, but also techniques that proved to be valid and successful in the past, although they may not have generated a very significant number of papers more recently. Thus, this comparative review also aims at providing background information useful for judiciously choosing between the metabolic ex vivo/in vitro NMR methods presented. Finally, the methods of interest are discussed in the context of, and in relation to, other metabolic analysis protocols such as HR-MAS and cell perfusion NMR, as well as the mass spectrometry approach.
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7
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Xu Y, Bonizzoni M. Discrimination and Quantitation of Biologically Relevant Carboxylate Anions Using A [Dye•PAMAM] Complex. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113637. [PMID: 34073712 PMCID: PMC8197244 DOI: 10.3390/s21113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylate anions are analytical targets with environmental and biological relevance, whose detection is often challenging in aqueous solutions. We describe a method for discrimination and quantitation of carboxylates in water buffered to pH 7.4 based on their differential interaction with a supramolecular fluorescent sensor, self-assembled from readily available building blocks. A fifth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM G5), bound to organic fluorophores (calcein or pyranine) through noncovalent interactions, forms a [dye•PAMAM] complex responsive to interaction with carboxylates. The observed changes in absorbance, and in fluorescence emission and anisotropy, were interpreted through linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to differentiate 10 structurally similar carboxylates with a limit of discrimination around 100 μM. The relationship between the analytes’ chemical structures and the system’s response was also elucidated. This insight allowed us to extend the system’s capabilities to the simultaneous identification of the nature and concentration of unknown analytes, with excellent structural identification results and good concentration recovery, an uncommon feat for a pattern-based sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;
- Alabama Water Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Peng Q, Wong CYP, Cheuk IWY, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094382. [PMID: 33922247 PMCID: PMC8122740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate. Studies targeting polyamines and key rate-limiting enzymes associated with spermine metabolism as a tool for PCa therapy and chemoprevention have been conducted with various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and polyamine analogues. The mechanism between spermine and PCa development are possibly related to the regulation of polyamine metabolism, cancer-driving pathways, oxidative stress, anticancer immunosurveillance, and apoptosis regulation. Although the specific mechanism of spermine in PCa development is still unclear, ongoing research in spermine metabolism and its association with PCa pathophysiology opens up new opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of spermine in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Correspondence: (P.K.-F.C.); (C.-F.N.); Tel.: +85-235-052-625 (C.-F.N.)
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9
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Andersen MK, Høiem TS, Claes BSR, Balluff B, Martin-Lorenzo M, Richardsen E, Krossa S, Bertilsson H, Heeren RMA, Rye MB, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Tessem MB. Spatial differentiation of metabolism in prostate cancer tissue by MALDI-TOF MSI. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33514438 PMCID: PMC7847144 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer tissues are inherently heterogeneous, which presents a challenge for metabolic profiling using traditional bulk analysis methods that produce an averaged profile. The aim of this study was therefore to spatially detect metabolites and lipids on prostate tissue sections by using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a method that facilitates molecular imaging of heterogeneous tissue sections, which can subsequently be related to the histology of the same section. Methods Here, we simultaneously obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles in different prostate tissue types using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MSI. Both positive and negative ion mode were applied to analyze consecutive sections from 45 fresh-frozen human prostate tissue samples (N = 15 patients). Mass identification was performed with tandem MS. Results Pairwise comparisons of cancer, non-cancer epithelium, and stroma revealed several metabolic differences between the tissue types. We detected increased levels of metabolites crucial for lipid metabolism in cancer, including metabolites involved in the carnitine shuttle, which facilitates fatty acid oxidation, and building blocks needed for lipid synthesis. Metabolites associated with healthy prostate functions, including citrate, aspartate, zinc, and spermine had lower levels in cancer compared to non-cancer epithelium. Profiling of stroma revealed higher levels of important energy metabolites, such as ADP, ATP, and glucose, and higher levels of the antioxidant taurine compared to cancer and non-cancer epithelium. Conclusions This study shows that specific tissue compartments within prostate cancer samples have distinct metabolic profiles and pinpoint the advantage of methodology providing spatial information compared to bulk analysis. We identified several differential metabolites and lipids that have potential to be developed further as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Spatial and rapid detection of cancer-related analytes showcases MALDI-TOF MSI as a promising and innovative diagnostic tool for the clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00242-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Andersen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Therese S Høiem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Britt S R Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, UNN, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastian Krossa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Urology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten B Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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10
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Sharma U, Jagannathan NR. Metabolism of prostate cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1163-1173. [PMID: 32918707 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolism of prostate cancer (PCa) is important for developing better diagnostic approaches and also for exploring new therapeutic targets. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have been shown to be useful in the detection and quantification of metabolites. PCa illustrates metabolic phenotype, showing lower levels of citrate (Cit), a key metabolite of oxidative phosphorylation and alteration in several metabolic pathways to sustain tumor growth. Recently, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) studies have documented high rates of glycolysis (Warburg phenomenon) in PCa. High-throughput metabolic profiling strategies using MRS on variety of samples including intact tissues, biofluids like prostatic fluid, seminal fluid, blood plasma/sera, and urine have also played a vital role in understanding the abnormal metabolic activity of PCa patients. The enhanced analytical potential of these techniques in the detection and quantification of a large number of metabolites provides an in-depth understanding of metabolic rewiring associated with the tumorigenesis. Metabolomics analysis offers dual advantages of identification of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers as well as in understanding the altered metabolic pathways which can be targeted for inhibiting the cancer progression. This review briefly describes the potential applications of in vivo 1H MRS, high-resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy (HRMAS) and in vitro MRS methods in understanding the metabolic changes of PCa and its usefulness in the management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, TN, 603103, India.
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, India.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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12
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Andersen MK, Krossa S, Høiem TS, Buchholz R, Claes BSR, Balluff B, Ellis SR, Richardsen E, Bertilsson H, Heeren RMA, Bathen TF, Karst U, Giskeødegård GF, Tessem MB. Simultaneous Detection of Zinc and Its Pathway Metabolites Using MALDI MS Imaging of Prostate Tissue. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3171-3179. [PMID: 31944670 PMCID: PMC7584334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Levels
of zinc, along with its mechanistically related metabolites citrate
and aspartate, are widely reported as reduced in prostate cancer compared
to healthy tissue and are therefore pointed out as potential cancer
biomarkers. Previously, it has only been possible to analyze zinc
and metabolites by separate detection methods. Through matrix-assisted
laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), we were
for the first time able to demonstrate, in two different sample sets
(n = 45 and n = 4), the simultaneous
spatial detection of zinc, in the form of ZnCl3–, together with citrate, aspartate, and N-acetylaspartate
on human prostate cancer tissues. The reliability of the ZnCl3– detection was validated by total zinc
determination using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma MSI
on adjacent serial tissue sections. Zinc, citrate, and aspartate were
correlated with each other (range r = 0.46 to 0.74)
and showed a significant reduction in cancer compared to non-cancer
epithelium (p < 0.05, log2 fold change
range: −0.423 to −0.987), while no significant difference
between cancer and stroma tissue was found. Simultaneous spatial detection
of zinc and its metabolites is not only a valuable tool for analyzing
the role of zinc in prostate metabolism but might also provide a fast
and simple method to detect zinc, citrate, and aspartate levels as
a biomarker signature for prostate cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Andersen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sebastian Krossa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Therese S Høiem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Britt S R Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I) , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I) , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I) , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology , The Arctic University of Norway (UIT) , 9037 Tromsø , Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology , University Hospital of North Norway, UNN , 9019 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim University Hospital , 7030 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I) , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim University Hospital , 7030 Trondheim , Norway
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13
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Abstract
A fluorescent macromolecular chemosensor, built from readily available components, performs chemical fingerprinting of carboxylate anions on low-cost, disposable paper supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
- Alabama Water Institute
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14
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Sheha AS, Keriakos NN, Faisal MM. The role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-019-0108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Dinges SS, Vandergrift LA, Wu S, Berker Y, Habbel P, Taupitz M, Wu CL, Cheng LL. Metabolomic prostate cancer fields in HRMAS MRS-profiled histologically benign tissue vary with cancer status and distance from cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4038. [PMID: 30609175 PMCID: PMC7366614 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the state of the field of high resolution magic angle spinning MRS (HRMAS MRS)-based cancer metabolomics since its beginning in 2004; discuss the concept of cancer metabolomic fields, where metabolomic profiles measured from histologically benign tissues reflect patient cancer status; and report our HRMAS MRS metabolomic results, which characterize metabolomic fields in prostatectomy-removed cancerous prostates. Three-dimensional mapping of cancer lesions throughout each prostate enabled multiple benign tissue samples per organ to be classified based on distance from and extent of the closest cancer lesion as well as the Gleason score (GS) of the entire prostate. Cross-validated partial least squares-discriminant analysis separations were achieved between cancer and benign tissue, and between cancer tissue from prostates with high (≥4 + 3) and low (≤3 + 4) GS. Metabolomic field effects enabled histologically benign tissue adjacent to cancer to distinguish the GS and extent of the cancer lesion itself. Benign samples close to either low GS cancer or extensive cancer lesions could be distinguished from those far from cancer. Furthermore, a successfully cross-validated multivariate model for three benign tissue groups with varying distances from cancer lesions within one prostate indicates the scale of prostate cancer metabolomic fields. While these findings could, at present, be potentially useful in the prostate cancer clinic for analysis of biopsy or surgical specimens to complement current diagnostics, the confirmation of metabolomic fields should encourage further examination of cancer fields and can also enhance understanding of the metabolomic characteristics of cancer in myriad organ systems. Our results together with the success of HRMAS MRS-based cancer metabolomics presented in our literature review demonstrate the potential of cancer metabolomics to provide supplementary information for cancer diagnosis, staging, and patient prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Dinges
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsey A. Vandergrift
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Shulin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Yannick Berker
- Division of X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Corresponding author: Leo L. Cheng, PhD, 149 13 St, CNY 6, Charlestown, MA 02129, Ph. 617-724-6593,
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16
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Kdadra M, Höckner S, Leung H, Kremer W, Schiffer E. Metabolomics Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E21. [PMID: 30791464 PMCID: PMC6468767 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis with current biomarkers is difficult and often results in unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over-diagnosis and over-treatment, highlighting the need for novel biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of available metabolomics PCa biomarkers, particularly for clinically significant disease. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed for publications from July 2008 to July 2018 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to report biomarkers with respect to their application in PCa diagnosis, progression, aggressiveness, recurrence, and treatment response. The vast majority of studies report biomarkers with the ability to distinguish malignant from benign prostate tissue with a few studies investigating biomarkers associated with disease progression, treatment response or tumour recurrence. In general, these studies report high dimensional datasets and the number of analysed metabolites often significantly exceeded the number of available samples. Hence, observed multivariate differences between case and control samples in the datasets might potentially also be associated with pre-analytical, technical, statistical and confounding factors. Giving the technical and methodological hurdles, there are nevertheless a number of metabolites and pathways repeatedly reported across various technical approaches, cohorts and sample types that appear to play a predominant role in PCa tumour biology, progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hing Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Werner Kremer
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Eric Schiffer
- Numares AG, Am BioPark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Downes DP, Collins JHP, Lama B, Zeng H, Nguyen T, Keller G, Febo M, Long JR. Characterization of Brain Metabolism by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:216-230. [PMID: 30536696 PMCID: PMC6501841 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The noninvasive, quantitative ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize small molecule metabolites has long been recognized as a major strength of its application in biology. Numerous techniques exist for characterizing metabolism in living, excised, or extracted tissue, with a particular focus on 1 H-based methods due to the high sensitivity and natural abundance of protons. With the increasing use of high magnetic fields, the utility of in vivo 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has markedly improved for measuring specific metabolite concentrations in biological tissues. Higher fields, coupled with recent developments in hyperpolarization, also enable techniques for complimenting 1 H measurements with spectroscopy of other nuclei, such as 31 P and 13 C, and for combining measurements of metabolite pools with metabolic flux measurements. We compare ex vivo and in vivo methods for studying metabolism in the brain using NMR and highlight insights gained through using higher magnetic fields, the advent of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, and combining in vivo MRS and ex vivo NMR approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Downes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
| | - James H P Collins
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100015, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0015, United States
| | - Bimala Lama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0215, United States
| | - Huadong Zeng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100015, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0015, United States
| | - Tan Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
| | - Gabrielle Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Box 100256, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0256, United States
| | - Joanna R Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100015, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0015, United States
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18
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Esmaeili M, Tayari N, Scheenen T, Elschot M, Sandsmark E, Bertilsson H, Heerschap A, Selnæs KM, Bathen TF. Simultaneous 18F-fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:516. [PMID: 30498693 PMCID: PMC6249271 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the associations of metabolite levels derived from magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and 18F-fluciclovine positron emission tomography (PET) with prostate tissue characteristics. Methods: In a cohort of 19 high-risk prostate cancer patients that underwent simultaneous PET/MRI, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of MRSI and PET for discrimination of aggressive cancer lesions from healthy tissue and benign lesions. Data analysis comprised calculations of correlations of mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean), maximum SUV (SUVmax), and the MRSI-derived ratio of (total choline + spermine + creatine) to citrate (CSC/C). Whole-mount histopathology was used as gold standard. Results: The results showed a moderate significant correlation between both SUVmean and SUVmax with CSC/C ratio. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the simultaneous acquisition of 18F-fluciclovine PET and MRSI with an integrated PET/MRI system is feasible and a combination of these imaging modalities has potential to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Esmaeili
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nassim Tayari
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elise Sandsmark
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten M Selnæs
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be performed in vivo using commercial MRI systems to obtain biochemical information about tissues and cancers. Applications in brain, prostate and breast aid lesion detection and characterisation (differential diagnosis), treatment planning and response assessment. Multi-centre clinical trials have been performed in all these tissues. Single centre studies have been performed in many other tissues including cervix, uterus, musculoskeletal and liver. While generally MRS is used to study endogenous metabolites it has also been used in drug studies, for example those that include 19F as part of their structure. Recently the hyperpolarisation of compounds enriched with 13C such as [1-13C] pyruvate has been demonstrated in animal models and now in preliminary clinical studies, permitting the monitoring of biochemical processes with unprecedented sensitivity. This review briefly introduces the underlying methods and then discusses the current status of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Payne
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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20
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Metabolomic Prediction of Human Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Histologically Benign Tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4997. [PMID: 29581441 PMCID: PMC5980000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer alters cellular metabolism through events potentially preceding cancer morphological formation. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based metabolomics of histologically-benign tissues from cancerous prostates can predict disease aggressiveness, offering clinically-translatable prognostic information. This retrospective study of 185 patients (2002-2009) included prostate tissues from prostatectomies (n = 365), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 15), and biopsy cores from cancer-negative patients (n = 14). Tissues were measured with high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) MRS, followed by quantitative histology using the Prognostic Grade Group (PGG) system. Metabolic profiles, measured solely from 338 of 365 histologically-benign tissues from cancerous prostates and divided into training-testing cohorts, could identify tumor grade and stage, and predict recurrence. Specifically, metabolic profiles: (1) show elevated myo-inositol, an endogenous tumor suppressor and potential mechanistic therapy target, in patients with highly-aggressive cancer, (2) identify a patient sub-group with less aggressive prostate cancer to avoid overtreatment if analysed at biopsy; and (3) subdivide the clinicopathologically indivisible PGG2 group into two distinct Kaplan-Meier recurrence groups, thereby identifying patients more at-risk for recurrence. Such findings, achievable by biopsy or prostatectomy tissue measurement, could inform treatment strategies. Metabolomics information can help transform a morphology-based diagnostic system by invoking cancer biology to improve evaluation of histologically-benign tissues in cancer environments.
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21
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A novel non-canonical Wnt signature for prostate cancer aggressiveness. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9572-9586. [PMID: 28030815 PMCID: PMC5354754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Canonical Wnt pathway (CWP) has been linked to advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, whereas the Wnt5a-induced non-canonical Wnt pathway (NCWP) has been associated with both good and poor prognosis. A newly discovered NCWP, Wnt5/Fzd2, has been shown to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers, but has not been investigated in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate if the CWP and NCWP, in combination with EMT, are associated with metabolic alterations, aggressive disease and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. An initial analysis was performed using integrated transcriptomics, ex vivo and in vivo metabolomics, and histopathology of prostatectomy samples (n=129), combined with at least five-year follow-up. This analysis detected increased activation of NCWP through Wnt5a/ Fzd2 as the most common mode of Wnt activation in prostate cancer. This activation was associated with increased expression of EMT markers and higher Gleason score. The transcriptional association between NCWP and EMT was confirmed in five other publicly available patient cohorts (1519 samples in total). A novel gene expression signature of concordant activation of NCWP and EMT (NCWP-EMT) was developed, and this signature was significantly associated with metastasis and shown to be a significant predictor of biochemical recurrence. The NCWP-EMT signature was also associated with decreased concentrations of the metabolites citrate and spermine, which have previously been linked to aggressive prostate cancer. Our results demonstrate the importance of NCWP and EMT in prostate cancer aggressiveness, suggest a novel gene signature for improved risk stratification, and give new molecular insight.
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22
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Presence of TMPRSS2-ERG is associated with alterations of the metabolic profile in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42071-42085. [PMID: 27276682 PMCID: PMC5173117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS2-ERG has been proposed to be a prognostic marker for prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to identify changes in metabolism, genes and biochemical recurrence related to TMPRSS2-ERG by using an integrated approach, combining metabolomics, transcriptomics, histopathology and clinical data in a cohort of 129 human prostate samples (41 patients). Metabolic analyses revealed lower concentrations of citrate and spermine comparing ERGhigh to ERGlow samples, suggesting an increased cancer aggressiveness of ERGhigh compared to ERGlow. These results could be validated in a separate cohort, consisting of 40 samples (40 patients), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) indicated an in vivo translational potential. Alterations of gene expression levels associated with key enzymes in the metabolism of citrate and polyamines were in consistence with the metabolic results. Furthermore, the metabolic alterations between ERGhigh and ERGlow were more pronounced in low Gleason samples than in high Gleason samples, suggesting it as a potential tool for risk stratification. However, no significant difference in biochemical recurrence was detected, although a trend towards significance was detected for low Gleason samples. Using an integrated approach, this study suggests TMPRSS2-ERG as a potential risk stratification tool for inclusion of active surveillance patients.
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23
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Dietz C, Ehret F, Palmas F, Vandergrift LA, Jiang Y, Schmitt V, Dufner V, Habbel P, Nowak J, Cheng LL. Applications of high-resolution magic angle spinning MRS in biomedical studies II-Human diseases. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3784. [PMID: 28915318 PMCID: PMC5690552 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) MRS is a powerful method for gaining insight into the physiological and pathological processes of cellular metabolism. Given its ability to obtain high-resolution spectra of non-liquid biological samples, while preserving tissue architecture for subsequent histopathological analysis, the technique has become invaluable for biochemical and biomedical studies. Using HRMAS MRS, alterations in measured metabolites, metabolic ratios, and metabolomic profiles present the possibility to improve identification and prognostication of various diseases and decipher the metabolomic impact of drug therapies. In this review, we evaluate HRMAS MRS results on human tissue specimens from malignancies and non-localized diseases reported in the literature since the inception of the technique in 1996. We present the diverse applications of the technique in understanding pathological processes of different anatomical origins, correlations with in vivo imaging, effectiveness of therapies, and progress in the HRMAS methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dietz
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ehret
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, 09042 Italy
| | - Lindsey A. Vandergrift
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Yanni Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 China
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Dufner
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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24
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Braadland PR, Giskeødegård G, Sandsmark E, Bertilsson H, Euceda LR, Hansen AF, Guldvik IJ, Selnæs KM, Grytli HH, Katz B, Svindland A, Bathen TF, Eri LM, Nygård S, Berge V, Taskén KA, Tessem MB. Ex vivo metabolic fingerprinting identifies biomarkers predictive of prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1656-1664. [PMID: 28972967 PMCID: PMC5729443 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Robust biomarkers that identify prostate cancer patients with high risk of recurrence will improve personalised cancer care. In this study, we investigated whether tissue metabolites detectable by high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS MRS) were associated with recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Methods: We performed a retrospective ex vivo study using HR-MAS MRS on tissue samples from 110 radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from three different Norwegian cohorts collected between 2002 and 2010. At the time of analysis, 50 patients had experienced prostate cancer recurrence. Associations between metabolites, clinicopathological variables, and recurrence-free survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression modelling, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and concordance index (C-index). Results: High intratumoural spermine and citrate concentrations were associated with longer recurrence-free survival, whereas high (total-choline+creatine)/spermine (tChoCre/Spm) and higher (total-choline+creatine)/citrate (tChoCre/Cit) ratios were associated with shorter time to recurrence. Spermine concentration and tChoCre/Spm were independently associated with recurrence in multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling after adjusting for clinically relevant risk factors (C-index: 0.769; HR: 0.72; P=0.016 and C-index: 0.765; HR: 1.43; P=0.014, respectively). Conclusions: Spermine concentration and tChoCre/Spm ratio in prostatectomy specimens were independent prognostic markers of recurrence. These metabolites can be noninvasively measured in vivo and may thus offer predictive value to establish preoperative risk assessment nomograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder R Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0313, Norway
| | - Guro Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Elise Sandsmark
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Leslie R Euceda
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Ailin F Hansen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Ingrid J Guldvik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Kirsten M Selnæs
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Helene H Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Betina Katz
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Aud Svindland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0313, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Lars M Eri
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0313, Norway.,Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Kristin A Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0313, Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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25
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Abstract
Metabolic imaging enhances understanding of disease metabolisms and holds great potential as a measurement tool for evaluating disease prognosis and treatment effectiveness. Advancement of techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and mass spectrometry, allows for improved accuracy for quantification of metabolites and present unique possibilities for use in clinic. This article reviews and discusses literature reports of metabolic imaging in humans published since 2010 according to disease type, including cancer, degenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and others, as well as the current application of the various related techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. Fuss
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Corresponding Author: Leo L. Cheng, PhD, 149 13 Street, CNY-6, Charlestown, MA 02129, Ph.617-724-6593, Fax.617-726-5684,
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26
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Nezzo M, Di Trani M, Caporale A, Miano R, Mauriello A, Bove P, Capuani S, Manenti G. Mean diffusivity discriminates between prostate cancer with grade group 1&2 and grade groups equal to or greater than 3. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85:1794-1801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Madhu B, Shaw GL, Warren AY, Neal DE, Griffiths JR. Response of Degarelix treatment in human prostate cancer monitored by HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics 2016; 12:120. [PMID: 27429605 PMCID: PMC4927592 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The androgen receptor (AR) is the master regulator of prostate cancer cell metabolism. Degarelix is a novel gonadotrophin-releasing hormone blocker, used to decrease serum androgen levels in order to treat advanced human prostate cancer. Little is known of the rapid metabolic response of the human prostate cancer tissue samples to the decreased androgen levels. OBJECTIVES To investigate the metabolic responses in benign and cancerous tissue samples from patients after treatment with Degarelix by using HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. METHODS Using non-destructive HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy we analysed the metabolic changes induced by decreased AR signalling in human prostate cancer tissue samples. Absolute concentrations of the metabolites alanine, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, citrate, choline compounds [t-choline = choline + phosphocholine (PC) + glycerophosphocholine (GPC)], creatine compounds [t-creatine = creatine (Cr) + phosphocreatine (PCr)], taurine, myo-inositol and polyamines were measured in benign prostate tissue samples (n = 10), in prostate cancer specimens from untreated patients (n = 7) and prostate cancer specimens from patients treated with Degarelix (n = 6). RESULTS Lactate, alanine and t-choline concentrations were significantly elevated in high-grade prostate cancer samples when compared to benign samples in untreated patients. Decreased androgen levels resulted in significant decreases of lactate and t-choline concentrations in human prostate cancer biopsies. CONCLUSIONS The reduced concentrations of lactate and t-choline metabolites due to Degarelix could in principle be monitored by in vivo 1H MRS, which suggests that it would be possible to monitor the effects of physical or chemical castration in patients by that non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basetti Madhu
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Greg L. Shaw
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- />University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne Y. Warren
- />Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E. Neal
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- />Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - John R. Griffiths
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
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Selnæs KM, Vettukattil R, Bertilsson H, Wright AJ, Heerschap A, Angelsen A, Tessem MB, Bathen TF. Tissue Microstructure Is Linked to MRI Parameters and Metabolite Levels in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:146. [PMID: 27379208 PMCID: PMC4905954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can portray spatial variations in tumor heterogeneity, architecture, and its microenvironment in a non-destructive way. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between MRI parameters measured on patients in vivo, individual metabolites measured in prostatectomy tissue ex vivo, and quantitative histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh frozen tissue samples (n = 53 from 15 patients) were extracted from transversal prostate slices and linked to in vivo MR images, allowing spatially matching of ex vivo measured metabolites with in vivo MR parameters. Color-based segmentation of cryosections of each tissue sample was used to identify luminal space, stroma, and nuclei. RESULTS Cancer samples have significantly lower area percentage of lumen and higher area percentage of nuclei than non-cancer samples (p ≤ 0.001). Apparent diffusion coefficient is significantly correlated with percentage area of lumen (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001) and percentage area of nuclei (ρ = -0.35, p = 0.01). There is a positive correlation (ρ = 0.31, p = 0.053) between citrate and percentage area of lumen. Choline is negatively correlated with lumen (ρ = -0.38, p = 0.02) and positively correlated with percentage area of nuclei (ρ = 0.38, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Microstructures that are observed by histopathology are linked to MR characteristics and metabolite levels observed in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Margrete Selnæs
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Urology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Anders Angelsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
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Laudadio T, Croitor Sava AR, Sima DM, Wright AJ, Heerschap A, Mastronardi N, Van Huffel S. Hierarchical non-negative matrix factorization applied to three-dimensional 3 T MRSI data for automatic tissue characterization of the prostate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:751-758. [PMID: 27061522 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was hierarchically applied to simulated and in vivo three-dimensional 3 T MRSI data of the prostate to extract patterns for tumour and benign tissue and to visualize their spatial distribution. Our studies show that the hierarchical scheme provides more reliable tissue patterns than those obtained by performing only one NMF level. We compared the performance of three different NMF implementations in terms of pattern detection accuracy and efficiency when embedded into the same kind of hierarchical scheme. The simulation and in vivo results show that the three implementations perform similarly, although one of them is more robust and better pinpoints the most aggressive tumour voxel(s) in the dataset. Furthermore, they are able to detect tumour and benign tissue patterns even in spectra with lipid artefacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Laudadio
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo 'M. Picone' (IAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Anca R Croitor Sava
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diana M Sima
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Institute CRUK, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nicola Mastronardi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo 'M. Picone' (IAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium
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Starobinets O, Korn N, Iqbal S, Noworolski SM, Zagoria R, Kurhanewicz J, Westphalen AC. Practical aspects of prostate MRI: hardware and software considerations, protocols, and patient preparation. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:817-30. [PMID: 27193785 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of multiparametric MRI scans for the evaluation of men with prostate cancer has increased dramatically and is likely to continue expanding as new developments come to practice. However, it has not yet gained the same level of acceptance of other imaging tests. Partly, this is because of the use of suboptimal protocols, lack of standardization, and inadequate patient preparation. In this manuscript, we describe several practical aspects of prostate MRI that may facilitate the implementation of new prostate imaging programs or the expansion of existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Starobinets
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Natalie Korn
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sonam Iqbal
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susan M Noworolski
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ronald Zagoria
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M372, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Ste. 203, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Antonio C Westphalen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M372, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Kohe S, Brundler MA, Jenkinson H, Parulekar M, Wilson M, Peet AC, McConville CM. Metabolite profiling in retinoblastoma identifies novel clinicopathological subgroups. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1216-24. [PMID: 26348444 PMCID: PMC4647873 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour classification, based on histopathology or molecular pathology, is of value to predict tumour behaviour and to select appropriate treatment. In retinoblastoma, pathology information is not available at diagnosis and only exists for enucleated tumours. Alternative methods of tumour classification, using noninvasive techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are urgently required to guide treatment decisions at the time of diagnosis. METHODS High-resolution magic-angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS MRS) was undertaken on enucleated retinoblastomas. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the HR-MAS MRS data was used to identify tumour subgroups. Individual metabolite concentrations were determined and were correlated with histopathological risk factors for each group. RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified three metabolic subgroups of retinoblastoma, with the most discriminatory metabolites being taurine, hypotaurine, total-choline and creatine. Metabolite concentrations correlated with specific histopathological features: taurine was correlated with differentiation, total-choline and phosphocholine with retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, and total lipids with necrosis. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that a metabolite-based classification of retinoblastoma can be obtained using ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and that the subgroups identified correlate with histopathological features. This result justifies future studies to validate the clinical relevance of these subgroups and highlights the potential of in vivo MRS as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for retinoblastoma patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kohe
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marie-Anne Brundler
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Helen Jenkinson
- Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Manoj Parulekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Carmel M McConville
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Abstract
Multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has shown promising results in diagnosis, localization, risk stratification and staging of clinically significant prostate cancer. It has also opened up opportunities for focal treatment of prostate cancer. Combinations of T2-weighted imaging, diffusion imaging, perfusion (dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging) and spectroscopic imaging have been used in mp-MRI assessment of prostate cancer, but T2 morphologic assessment and functional assessment by diffusion imaging remains the mainstay for prostate cancer diagnosis on mp-MRI. Because assessment on mp-MRI can be subjective, use of the newly developed standardized reporting Prostate Imaging and Reporting Archiving Data System scoring system and education of specialist radiologists are essential for accurate interpretation. This review focuses on the present status of mp-MRI in prostate cancer and its evolving role in the management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeet Ghai
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoom A Haider
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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MR Spectroscopy for Differentiating Benign From Malignant Solid Adnexal Tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204:W724-30. [PMID: 26001263 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Cacciatore S, Loda M. Innovation in metabolomics to improve personalized healthcare. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1346:57-62. [PMID: 26014591 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the systemic study of all small molecules (metabolites) and their concentration as affected by pathological and physiological alterations or environmental or other factors. Metabolic alterations represent a "window" on the complex interactions between genetic expression, enzyme activity, and metabolic reactions. Techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, have led to significant advances in metabolomics. The field is shifting from feasibility studies to biological and clinical applications. Fields of application range from cancer biology to stem cell research and assessment of xenobiotics and drugs in tissues and single cells. Cross-validation across high-throughput platforms has allowed findings from expression profiling to be confirmed with metabolomics. Specific genetic alterations appear to drive unique metabolic programs. These, in turn, can be used as biomarkers of genetic subtypes of prostate cancer or as discovery tools for therapeutic targeting of metabolic enzymes. Thus, metabolites in blood may serve as biomarkers of tumor state, including inferring driving oncogenes. Novel applications such as these suggest that metabolic profiling may be utilized in refining personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jung K, Reszka R, Kamlage B, Bethan B, Stephan C, Lein M, Kristiansen G. Tissue metabolite profiling identifies differentiating and prognostic biomarkers for prostate carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2914-24. [PMID: 23737455 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic research offers a deeper insight into biochemical changes in cancer metabolism and is a promising tool for identifying novel biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of metabolites in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue after radical prostatectomy. In matched malignant and nonmalignant prostatectomy samples from 95 PCa patients, aminoadipic acid, cerebronic acid, gluconic acid, glycerophosphoethanolamine, 2-hydroxybehenic acid, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, maltotriose, 7-methylguanine and tricosanoic acid were determined within a global metabolite profiling study using gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were related to clinicopathological variables like prostate volume, tumor stage, Gleason score, preoperative prostate-specific antigen and disease recurrence in the follow-up. All nine metabolites showed higher concentrations in malignant than in nonmalignant samples except for gluconic acid and maltotriose, which had lower levels in tumors. Receiver -operating characteristics analysis demonstrated a significant discrimination for all metabolites between malignant and nonmalignant tissue with a maximal area under the curve of 0.86 for tricosanoic acid, whereas no correlation was observed between the metabolite levels and the Gleason score or tumor stage except for gluconic acid. Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that levels of aminoadipic acid, gluconic acid and maltotriose were associated with the biochemical tumor recurrence (prostate-specific antigen > 0.2 ng/mL). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, aminoadipic acid together with tumor stage and Gleason score remained in a model as independent marker for prediction of biochemical recurrence. This study proved that metabolites in PCa tissue can be used, in combination with traditional clinicopathological factors, as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraß 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Schumannstraße 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Spermine and citrate as metabolic biomarkers for assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62375. [PMID: 23626811 PMCID: PMC3633894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Separating indolent from aggressive prostate cancer is an important clinical challenge for identifying patients eligible for active surveillance, thereby reducing the risk of overtreatment. The purpose of this study was to assess prostate cancer aggressiveness by metabolic profiling of prostatectomy tissue and to identify specific metabolites as biomarkers for aggressiveness. Prostate tissue samples (n = 158, 48 patients) with a high cancer content (mean: 61.8%) were obtained using a new harvesting method, and metabolic profiles of samples representing different Gleason scores (GS) were acquired by high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS). Multivariate analysis (PLS, PLS-DA) and absolute quantification (LCModel) were used to examine the ability to predict cancer aggressiveness by comparing low grade (GS = 6, n = 30) and high grade (GS≥7, n = 81) cancer with normal adjacent tissue (n = 47). High grade cancer tissue was distinguished from low grade cancer tissue by decreased concentrations of spermine (p = 0.0044) and citrate (p = 7.73·10−4), and an increase in the clinically applied (total choline+creatine+polyamines)/citrate (CCP/C) ratio (p = 2.17·10−4). The metabolic profiles were significantly correlated to the GS obtained from each tissue sample (r = 0.71), and cancer tissue could be distinguished from normal tissue with sensitivity 86.9% and specificity 85.2%. Overall, our findings show that metabolic profiling can separate aggressive from indolent prostate cancer. This holds promise for the benefit of applying in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) within clinical MR imaging investigations, and HR-MAS analysis of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies has a potential as an additional diagnostic tool.
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Spur EM, Decelle EA, Cheng LL. Metabolomic imaging of prostate cancer with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40 Suppl 1:S60-71. [PMID: 23549758 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) aims to improve in vivo imaging capability so that PCa tumors can be localized noninvasively to guide biopsy and evaluated for aggressiveness prior to prostatectomy, as well as to assess and monitor PCa growth in patients with asymptomatic PCa newly diagnosed by biopsy. Metabolomics studies global variations of metabolites with which malignancy conditions can be evaluated by profiling the entire measurable metabolome, instead of focusing only on certain metabolites or isolated metabolic pathways. At present, PCa metabolomics is mainly studied by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectrometry (MS). With MRS imaging, the anatomic image, obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, is mapped with values of disease condition-specific metabolomic profiles calculated from MRS of each location. For example, imaging of removed whole prostates has demonstrated the ability of metabolomic profiles to differentiate cancerous foci from histologically benign regions. Additionally, MS metabolomic imaging of prostate biopsies has uncovered metabolomic expression patterns that could discriminate between PCa and benign tissue. Metabolomic imaging offers the potential to identify cancer lesions to guide prostate biopsy and evaluate PCa aggressiveness noninvasively in vivo, or ex vivo to increase the power of pathology analysis. Potentially, this imaging ability could be applied not only to PCa, but also to different tissues and organs to evaluate other human malignancies and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Margarete Spur
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY-6, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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