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Gammaraccio F, Villano D, Irrera P, Anemone AA, Carella A, Corrado A, Longo DL. Development and Validation of Four Different Methods to Improve MRI-CEST Tumor pH Mapping in Presence of Fat. J Imaging 2024; 10:166. [PMID: 39057737 PMCID: PMC11277679 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CEST-MRI is an emerging imaging technique suitable for various in vivo applications, including the quantification of tumor acidosis. Traditionally, CEST contrast is calculated by asymmetry analysis, but the presence of fat signals leads to wrong contrast quantification and hence to inaccurate pH measurements. In this study, we investigated four post-processing approaches to overcome fat signal influences and enable correct CEST contrast calculations and tumor pH measurements using iopamidol. The proposed methods involve replacing the Z-spectrum region affected by fat peaks by (i) using a linear interpolation of the fat frequencies, (ii) applying water pool Lorentzian fitting, (iii) considering only the positive part of the Z-spectrum, or (iv) calculating a correction factor for the ratiometric value. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the possibility of using these approaches to calculate CEST contrast and then to measure tumor pH, even in the presence of moderate to high fat fraction values. However, only the method based on the water pool Lorentzian fitting produced highly accurate results in terms of pH measurement in tumor-bearing mice with low and high fat contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gammaraccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Daisy Villano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Irrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Annasofia A. Anemone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonella Carella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Corrado
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Tian L, Li J, Li H, Wang X, Wang C. 3D amide proton transfer-weighted imaging may be useful for diagnosing early-stage breast cancer: a prospective monocentric study. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:41. [PMID: 38584248 PMCID: PMC10999404 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the value of three-dimensional amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (3D-APTWI) in the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer (BC) and its correlation with the immunohistochemical characteristics of malignant lesions. METHODS Seventy-eight women underwent APTWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Pathological results were categorized as either benign (n = 43) or malignant (n = 37) lesions. The parameters of APTWI and DCE-MRI were compared between the benign and malignant groups. The diagnostic value of 3D-APTWI was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) to establish a diagnostic threshold. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the magnetization transfer asymmetry (MTRasym) and immunohistochemical characteristics. RESULTS The MTRasym and time-to-peak of malignancies were significantly lower than those of benign lesions (all p < 0.010). The volume transfer constant, rate constant, and wash-in and wash-out rates of malignancies were all significantly greater than those of benign lesions (all p < 0.010). ROC-AUCs of 3D-APTWI, DCE-MRI, and 3D-APTWI+DCE to differential diagnosis between early-stage BC and benign lesions were 0.816, 0.745, and 0.858, respectively. Only the difference between AUCAPT+DCE and AUCDCE was significant (p < 0.010). When a threshold of MTRasym for malignancy for 2.42%, the sensitivity and specificity of 3D-APTWI for BC diagnosis were 86.5% and 67.6%, respectively; MTRasym was modestly positively correlated with pathological grade (r = 0.476, p = 0.003) and Ki-67 (r = 0.419, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS 3D-APTWI may be used as a supplementary method for patients with contraindications of DCE-MRI. MTRasym can imply the proliferation activities of early-stage BC. RELEVANCE STATEMENT 3D-APTWI can be an alternative diagnostic method for patients with early-stage BC who are not suitable for contrast injection. KEY POINTS • 3D-APTWI reflects the changes in the microenvironment of early-stage breast cancer. • Combined 3D-APTWI is superior to DCE-MRI alone for early-stage breast cancer diagnosis. • 3D-APTWI improves the diagnostic accuracy of early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medcial University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Liwen Tian
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, 250100, China
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medcial University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medcial University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Cuiyan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medcial University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Donahue MJ, Donahue PMC, Jones RS, Garza M, Lee C, Patel NJ, Cooper A, De Vis JB, Meszoely I, Crescenzi R. In vivo lymph node CEST-Dixon MRI in breast cancer patients with metastatic lymph node involvement. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:670-680. [PMID: 37684712 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Axillary lymph nodes (LNs) often present a reservoir for metastatic breast cancer, yet metastatic LN involvement cannot be discerned definitively using diagnostic imaging. This study investigated whether in vivo CEST may discriminate LNs with versus without metastatic involvement. METHODS 3T MRI was performed in patients with breast cancer before clinically-indicated mastectomy or lumpectomy with LN removal, after which LN metastasic involvement was determined using histological evaluation. Non-contrast anatomical imaging, as well as B0 and B1 field maps, were acquired in sequence with three-point CEST-Dixon (3D turbo-gradient-echo; factor = 25; TR/TE1/ΔTE = 851/1.35/1.1 ms; spatial-resolution = 2.5 × 2.5 × 6 mm; slices = 10; four sinc-gauss pulses with duty-cycle = 0.5, total saturation duration = 701.7 ms; B1 = 1.5 μT; saturation offsets = -5.5 to +5.5 ppm; stepsize = 0.2 ppm; scan duration = 6 min 30 s). The mean z-spectrum from LNs with (n = 20) versus without (n = 22) metastatic involvement were analyzed and a Wilcoxon rank-sum test (significance: p < 0.05) was applied to evaluate differences in B0, B1 , and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in differing spectral regions of known proton exchange (nuclear Overhauser effect [NOE], amide, amine, and hydroxyl) between cohorts. RESULTS No difference in axillary B1 (p = 0.634) or B0 (p = 0.689) was observed between cohorts. Elevated MTR was observed for the NOE (-1.7 ppm; MTR = 0.285 ± 0.075 vs. 0.248 ± 0.039; p = 0.048), amine (+2.5 ppm; MTR = 0.284 ± 0.067 vs. 0.234 ± 0.31; p = 0.005), and hydroxyl (+1 ppm; MTR = 0.394 ± 0.075 vs. 0.329 ± 0.055; p = 0.002) protons in LNs from participants with versus without metastatic involvement. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with a unique metastatic LN microenvironment detectable by CEST-Dixon and suggest that CEST MRI may have potential for mapping LN metastasis non-invasively in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paula M C Donahue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - R Sky Jones
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Garza
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chelsea Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Niral J Patel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jill B De Vis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ingrid Meszoely
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachelle Crescenzi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Yu T, Li L, Shi J, Gong X, Cheng Y, Wang W, Cao Y, Cao M, Jiang F, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang J. Predicting histopathological types and molecular subtype of breast tumors: A comparative study using amide proton transfer-weighted imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 105:37-45. [PMID: 37890802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the predictive performance of multiparameter and histogram features derived from amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for histopathological types of breast tumors. METHODS Region of interest (ROI) was delineated by outlining the largest slice of the tumor on the false-color images of the DKI, IVIM and APTWI parameters, and extracted the histogram features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of parameters in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions, molecular prognostic biomarkers, lymph node status, and subtypes of breast lesions. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations between each parameter and clinical-pathological factors. RESULTS All 52 breast lesions were enrolled in this prospective study, including 8 benign lesions and 44 breast cancers. To diagnose malignant and benign breast lesions, the value of APT (min) performed best, with the AUC reaching 0.983. According to the different imaging methods, the APTWI performed best. To predict the positive status of ER, PR, Ki67, the value of Dapp (uniformity), Dapp (uniformity), f (entropy) performed best, with the AUC values reaching 0.743, 0.770, 0.848, respectively. For the identification of Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and TNBC breast cancers, Kapp (max), f (kurtosis), and Dapp (uniformity) performed best, with AUC values reaching 0.679, 0.826, 0.771, respectively. CONCLUSION This study found the APTWI, IVIM and DKI parameters could diagnose breast cancer. The histogram features of DKI and IVIM, based on tumor heterogeneity, may help to predict breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jinfang Shi
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xueqin Gong
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Meimei Cao
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fujie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing 400030, China.
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Vinogradov E, Keupp J, Dimitrov IE, Seiler S, Pedrosa I. CEST-MRI for body oncologic imaging: are we there yet? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4906. [PMID: 36640112 PMCID: PMC10200773 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI has gained recognition as a valuable addition to the molecular imaging and quantitative biomarker arsenal, especially for characterization of brain tumors. There is also increasing interest in the use of CEST-MRI for applications beyond the brain. However, its translation to body oncology applications lags behind those in neuro-oncology. The slower migration of CEST-MRI to non-neurologic applications reflects the technical challenges inherent to imaging of the torso. In this review, we discuss the application of CEST-MRI to oncologic conditions of the breast and torso (i.e., body imaging), emphasizing the challenges and potential solutions to address them. While data are still limited, reported studies suggest that CEST signal is associated with important histology markers such as tumor grade, receptor status, and proliferation index, some of which are often associated with prognosis and response to therapy. However, further technical development is still needed to make CEST a reliable clinical application for body imaging and establish its role as a predictive and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vinogradov
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Ivan E Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Rivlin M, Anaby D, Nissan N, Zaiss M, Deshmane A, Navon G, Sklair-Levy M. Breast cancer imaging with glucosamine CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) MRI: first human experience. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:7365-7373. [PMID: 35420304 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of imaging breast cancer with glucosamine (GlcN) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI technique to distinguish between tumor and surrounding tissue, compared to the conventional MRI method. METHODS Twelve patients with newly diagnosed breast tumors (median age, 53 years) were recruited in this prospective IRB-approved study, between August 2019 and March 2020. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. All MRI measurements were performed on a 3-T clinical MRI scanner. For CEST imaging, a fat-suppressed 3D RF-spoiled gradient echo sequence with saturation pulse train was applied. CEST signals were quantified in the tumor and in the surrounding tissue based on magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) and a multi-Gaussian fitting. RESULTS GlcN CEST MRI revealed higher signal intensities in the tumor tissue compared to the surrounding breast tissue (MTRasym effect of 8.12 ± 4.09%, N = 12, p = 2.2 E-03) with the incremental increase due to GlcN uptake of 3.41 ± 0.79% (N = 12, p = 2.2 E-03), which is in line with tumor location as demonstrated by T1W and T2W MRI. GlcN CEST spectra comprise distinct peaks corresponding to proton exchange between free water and hydroxyl and amide/amine groups, and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) from aliphatic groups, all yielded larger CEST integrals in the tumor tissue after GlcN uptake by an averaged factor of 2.2 ± 1.2 (p = 3.38 E-03), 1.4 ± 0.4 (p =9.88 E-03), and 1.6 ± 0.6 (p = 2.09 E-02), respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this initial feasibility study indicate the potential of GlcN CEST MRI to diagnose breast cancer in a clinical setup. KEY POINTS • GlcN CEST MRI method is demonstrated for its the ability to differentiate between breast tumor lesions and the surrounding tissue, based on the differential accumulation of the GlcN in the tumors. • GlcN CEST imaging may be used to identify metabolic active malignant breast tumors without using a Gd contrast agent. • The GlcN CEST MRI method may be considered for use in a clinical setup for breast cancer detection and should be tested as a complementary method to conventional clinical MRI methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rivlin
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Levanon St., 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Debbie Anaby
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Sheba Tel Ha'shomer, Emek Ha Ella 1 St, 5265601, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Levanon St., 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Nissan
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Sheba Tel Ha'shomer, Emek Ha Ella 1 St, 5265601, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Levanon St., 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Departmnet of Neuroradiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Levanon St., 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Miri Sklair-Levy
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Levanon St., 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Meirav High Risk Clinic, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Emek Ha Ella 1 St, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Wu ST, Chen PC, Tseng YH, Chen TH, Wang YJ, Tsai ZL, Lin EC. Assessment of cellular responses in three-dimensional cell cultures through chemical exchange saturation transfer and 1 H MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4757. [PMID: 35510307 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to physiological changes have been detected using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging in clinical settings. Similarly to other MRI techniques, the CEST technique was based originally on phantoms from buffer solutions and was then further developed through animal experiments. However, CEST imaging can capture certain dynamics of metabolism that solution phantoms cannot model. Cell culture phantoms can fill the gap between buffer phantoms and animal models. In this study, we used 1 H NMR and CEST in a B0 field of 9.4 T to investigate HEK293T cells from two-dimensional (2D) cultures, three-dimensional (3D) cultures, and 3D cultures seeded with cell spheroids. Two CEST dips were observed: the magnitude of the amine dip at 2.8 ppm increased during the incubation period, whereas the hydroxyl dip at 1.2 ppm remained approximately the same or modestly increased. We also observed a CEST dip at 2.8 ppm from the 2D culture responding dramatically to doxorubicin treatment. By cross-validating with pH values and the concentrations of amine and hydroxyl protons extracted through 1 H NMR, we observed that they did not correspond to an increase in the amine pool. We believe that the denaturation or degradation of proteins from the fetal bovine serum increased the size of the amine pool. Although 3D culture conditions can be further improved, our study suggests that 3D cultures have the potential to bridge studies of solution phantoms and those on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Eugene C Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Non-Invasive Monitoring of Increased Fibrotic Tissue and Hyaluronan Deposition in the Tumor Microenvironment in the Advanced Stages of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040999. [PMID: 35205746 PMCID: PMC8870395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with a poor prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment may help better treat the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging may be a great tool for monitoring the tumor microenvironment at different stages of tumor evolution. Here, we used multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging techniques to monitor underlying pathophysiologic processes during the advanced stages of tumor development and correlated with histologic measurements. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are characterized by a complex and robust tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of fibrotic tissue, excessive levels of hyaluronan (HA), and immune cells. We utilized quantitative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) methods at 14 Tesla in a genetically engineered KPC (KrasLSL-G12D/+, Trp53LSL-R172H/+, Cre) mouse model to assess the complex TME in advanced stages of tumor development. The whole tumor, excluding cystic areas, was selected as the region of interest for data analysis and subsequent statistical analysis. Pearson correlation was used for statistical inference. There was a significant correlation between tumor volume and T2 (r = −0.66), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) (r = 0.60), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (r = 0.48), and Glycosaminoglycan-chemical exchange saturation transfer (GagCEST) (r = 0.51). A subset of mice was randomly selected for histological analysis. There were positive correlations between tumor volume and fibrosis (0.92), and HA (r = 0.76); GagCEST and HA (r = 0.81); and MTR and CD31 (r = 0.48). We found a negative correlation between ADC low-b (perfusion) and Ki67 (r = −0.82). Strong correlations between mp-MRI and histology results suggest that mp-MRI can be used as a non-invasive tool to monitor the tumor microenvironment.
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Bie C, Li Y, Zhou Y, Bhujwalla ZM, Song X, Liu G, van Zijl PCM, Yadav NN. Deep learning-based classification of preclinical breast cancer tumor models using chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4626. [PMID: 34668251 PMCID: PMC8876537 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise for classifying tumors based on their aggressiveness, but CEST contrast is complicated by multiple signal sources and thus prolonged acquisition times are often required to extract the signal of interest. We investigated whether deep learning could help identify pertinent Z-spectral features for distinguishing tumor aggressiveness as well as the possibility of acquiring only the pertinent spectral regions for more efficient CEST acquisition. Human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, were used to establish bi-lateral tumor xenografts in mice to represent higher and lower aggressive tumors, respectively. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classification model, trained on simulated data, utilized Z-spectral features as input to predict labels of different tissue types, including MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and muscle tissue. Saliency maps reported the influence of Z-spectral regions on classifying tissue types. The model was robust to noise with an accuracy of more than 91.5% for low and moderate noise levels in simulated testing data (SD of noise less than 2.0%). For in vivo CEST data acquired with a saturation pulse amplitude of 2.0 μT, the model had a superior ability to delineate tissue types compared with Lorentzian difference (LD) and magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym ) analysis, classifying tissues to the correct types with a mean accuracy of 85.7%, sensitivity of 81.1%, and specificity of 94.0%. The model's performance did not improve substantially when using data acquired at multiple saturation pulse amplitudes or when adding LD or MTRasym spectral features, and did not change when using saliency map-based partial or downsampled Z-spectra. This study demonstrates the potential of CNN-based classification to distinguish between different tumor types and muscle tissue, and speed up CEST acquisition protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxue Bie
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuguo Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanshu Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirbhay N Yadav
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Gao T, Zou C, Li Y, Jiang Z, Tang X, Song X. A Brief History and Future Prospects of CEST MRI in Clinical Non-Brain Tumor Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11559. [PMID: 34768990 PMCID: PMC8584005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a promising molecular imaging tool which allows the specific detection of metabolites that contain exchangeable amide, amine, and hydroxyl protons. Decades of development have progressed CEST imaging from an initial concept to a clinical imaging tool that is used to assess tumor metabolism. The first translation efforts involved brain imaging, but this has now progressed to imaging other body tissues. In this review, we summarize studies using CEST MRI to image a range of tumor types, including breast cancer, pelvic tumors, digestive tumors, and lung cancer. Approximately two thirds of the published studies involved breast or pelvic tumors which are sites that are less affected by body motion. Most studies conclude that CEST shows good potential for the differentiation of malignant from benign lesions with a number of reports now extending to compare different histological classifications along with the effects of anti-cancer treatments. Despite CEST being a unique 'label-free' approach with a higher sensitivity than MR spectroscopy, there are still some obstacles for implementing its clinical use. Future research is now focused on overcoming these challenges. Vigorous ongoing development and further clinical trials are expected to see CEST technology become more widely implemented as a mainstream imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Gao
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (T.G.); (C.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Chuyue Zou
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (T.G.); (C.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yifan Li
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (T.G.); (C.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (T.G.); (C.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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11
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Zhang N, Kang J, Wang H, Liu A, Miao Y, Ma X, Song Q, Zhang L, Wang J, Shen Z, Xu X. Differentiation of fibroadenomas versus malignant breast tumors utilizing three-dimensional amide proton transfer weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Imaging 2021; 81:15-23. [PMID: 34597999 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the value of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differential diagnosis of fibroadenomas and malignant breast tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study enrolled 56 patients with suspected breast tumors and performed APTw imaging. Based on the histopathology results, patients were divided into group 1 with malignant breast tumors (n = 41) and group 2 with fibroadenomas (n = 15). The measured image parameters (APTw value, ADC value, type of Time of Intensity Curve, maximum tumor diameter in image) and the maximal diameter of the tumors measured from surgical resection were compared between the two groups, and the diagnostic performance based on these parameters was quantified with ROC curve. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association between APTw or ADC values and ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 expressions. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.87 and 0.91) indicated a good inter-observer agreement of the measured APTw values. APTw values of malignant lesions were significantly higher than those of fibroadenomas (3.21 ± 1.04% vs 1.50 ± 0.54%, p < 0.001). Area under the curve (AUC) obtained from APTw imaging, DWI, DCE, APTw imaging+DWI, APTw imaging+DWI, and APTw imaging+DWI + DCE was 0.959, 0.897, 0.976, 0.997, and 1 respectively. The APTw value showed a negative correlation with ER expression (r = -0.357). CONCLUSION APTw imaging yielded similar diagnosis performance in discriminating fibroadenomas and malignant breast tumors when compared to the DCE and better than DWI imaging, and provided supplement information on tumor cell activity to DWI images. The APTw value showed correlations with some prognostic factors for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Jianyun Kang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Yanwei Miao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No 222 zhongshan Road, Xigang district, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, PR China.
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- MSC Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, 16 Tianze Road, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- MSC Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, 16 Tianze Road, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- MSC Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, 16 Tianze Road, Beijing, PR China.
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12
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Zhang S, Rauch GM, Adrada BE, Boge M, Mohamed RMM, Abdelhafez AH, Son JB, Sun J, Elshafeey NA, White JB, Musall BC, Miyoshi M, Wang X, Kotrotsou A, Wei P, Hwang KP, Ma J, Pagel MD. Assessment of Early Response to Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Amide Proton Transfer-weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI: A Pilot Study. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2021; 3:e200155. [PMID: 34477453 PMCID: PMC8489465 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2021200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine if amide proton transfer-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (APTW CEST) MRI is useful in the early assessment of treatment response in persons with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a total of 51 participants (mean age, 51 years [range, 26-79 years]) with TNBC were included who underwent APTW CEST MRI with 0.9- and 2.0-µT saturation power performed at baseline, after two cycles (C2), and after four cycles (C4) of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST). Imaging was performed between January 31, 2019, and November 11, 2019, and was a part of a clinical trial (registry number NCT02744053). CEST MR images were analyzed using two methods-magnetic transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) and Lorentzian line shape fitting. The APTW CEST signals at baseline, C2, and C4 were compared for 51 participants to evaluate the saturation power levels and analysis methods. The APTW CEST signals and their changes during NAST were then compared for the 26 participants with pathology reports for treatment response assessment. Results A significant APTW CEST signal decrease was observed during NAST when acquisition at 0.9-µT saturation power was paired with Lorentzian line shape fitting analysis and when the acquisition at 2.0 µT was paired with MTRasym analysis. Using 0.9-µT saturation power and Lorentzian line shape fitting, the APTW CEST signal at C2 was significantly different from baseline in participants with pathologic complete response (pCR) (3.19% vs 2.43%; P = .03) but not with non-pCR (2.76% vs 2.50%; P > .05). The APTW CEST signal change was not significant between pCR and non-pCR at all time points. Conclusion Quantitative APTW CEST MRI depended on optimizing acquisition saturation powers and analysis methods. APTW CEST MRI monitored treatment effects but did not differentiate participants with TNBC who had pCR from those with non-pCR. © RSNA, 2021 Clinical trial registration no. NCT02744053 Supplemental material is available for this article.Keywords Molecular Imaging-Cancer, Molecular Imaging-Clinical Translation, MR-Imaging, Breast, Technical Aspects, Tumor Response, Technology Assessment.
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13
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Effectiveness of fat suppression using a water-selective binomial-pulse excitation in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:809-818. [PMID: 32462557 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize the individual contribution of multiple fat peaks to the measured chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signal when using water-selective binomial-pulse excitation and to determine the effects of multiple fat peaks in the presence of B0 inhomogeneity. METHODS The excitation profiles of multiple binomial pulses were simulated. A CEST sequence with binomial-pulse excitation and modified point-resolved spectroscopy localization was then applied to the in vivo lumbar spinal vertebrae to determine the signal contributions of three distinct groups of lipid resonances. These confounding signal contributions were measured as a function of the irradiation frequency offset to determine the effect of the multi-peak nature of the fat signal on CEST imaging of exchange sites (at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.5 ppm) and robustness in the presence of B0 inhomogeneity. RESULTS Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments showed that water excitation (WE) using a 1-3-3-1 (WE-4) pulse provided the broadest signal suppression, which provided partial robustness against B0 inhomogeneity effects. Confounding fat signal contributions to the CEST contrasts at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.5 ppm were unavoidable due to the multi-peak nature of the fat signal. However, these CEST sites only suffer from small lipid artifacts with ∆B0 spanning roughly from - 50 to 50 Hz. Especially for the CEST site at 3.5 ppm, the lipid artifacts are smaller than 1% with ∆B0 in this range. CONCLUSION In WE-4-based CEST magnetic resonance imaging, B0 inhomogeneity is the limiting factor for fat suppression. The CEST sites at 1.0, 2.0 ppm and 3.5 ppm unavoidably suffer from lipid artifacts. However, when the ∆B0 is confined to a limited range, these CEST sites are only affected by small lipid artifacts, which may be ignorable in some cases of clinical applications.
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Chang YC, Liu HQ, Chang JH, Chang YY, Lin EC. Role of the cholesterol hydroxyl group in the chemical exchange saturation transfer signal at -1.6 ppm. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4356. [PMID: 32575161 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) can provide metabolite-weighted images in the clinical setting; therefore, understanding the origin of each CEST signal is essential to revealing the changes in diseases at the molecular level, which would provide further insight for diagnoses and treatments. The CEST signal at -1.6 ppm is attributed to the choline methyl group of phosphatidylcholines. The methyl groups have no exchangeable protons, so the corresponding CEST signals must result from the relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE); however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Cholesterol is a major component of biological membranes, and its content is closely related to the dynamics and phases of these lipids. However, cholesterol has a hydroxyl group, which could participate in proton exchange to complete the rNOE process. In this study, we used liposomes containing cholesterol and its analogs (5α-cholestane and progesterone), which presumably have similar capabilities of influencing lipid bilayers, and found that the steroid hydroxyl group is the key to inducing the rNOE at -1.6 ppm. Our results suggest that the origin of the rNOE at -1.6 ppm likely requires an intermolecular NOE between the proton of the choline methyl group and that of the cholesterol hydroxyl group, and a chemical exchange between the cholesterol hydroxyl group and bulk water. However, the phenomenon in which the rNOE at -1.6 ppm appears when the cholesterol concentration is high seems to contradict the in vivo results, suggesting a more complicated mechanism associated with the rNOE at -1.6 ppm in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Qing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Eugene C Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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15
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Loi L, Zimmermann F, Goerke S, Korzowski A, Meissner JE, Deike-Hofmann K, Stieber A, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Bickelhaupt S, Schott S, Paech D. Relaxation-compensated CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) imaging in breast cancer diagnostics at 7T. Eur J Radiol 2020; 129:109068. [PMID: 32574936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether fat-corrected and relaxation-compensated amide proton transfer (APT) and guanidyl CEST-MRI enables the detection of signal intensity differences between breast tumors and normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue in patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer. METHOD Ten patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer and seven healthy volunteers were included in this prospective IRB-approved study. CEST-MRI was performed on a 7 T-whole-body scanner followed by a multi-Lorentzian fit analysis. APT and guanidyl CEST signal intensities were quantified in the tumor and in healthy fibroglandular tissue after correction of B0/B1-field inhomogeneities, fat signal contribution, T1- and T2-relaxation; signal intensity differences of APT and guanidyl resonances were compared using Mann-Whitney-U-tests. Pearson correlations between tumor CEST signal intensities and the proliferation index Ki-67 were performed. RESULTS APT CEST signal in tumor tissue (6.70 ± 1.38%Hz) was increased compared to normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue of patients (3.56 ± 0.54%Hz, p = 0.001) and healthy volunteers (3.70 ± 0.68%Hz, p = 0.001). Further, a moderate positive correlation was found between the APT signal and the proliferation index Ki-67 (R2 = 0.367, r = 0.606, p = 0.11). Guanidyl CEST signal was also increased in tumor tissue (5.24 ± 1.85%Hz) compared to patients' (2.42 ± 0.45%Hz, p = 0.006) and volunteers' (2.36 ± 0.54%Hz, p < 0.001) normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue and a positive correlation with the Ki-67 level was observed (R2 = 0.365, r = 0.604, p = 0.11). APT and guanidyl CEST signal in normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue was not different between patients and healthy volunteers (p = 0.88; p = 0.93). CONCLUSION Relaxation-compensated and fat-corrected CEST-MRI allowed a non-invasive differentiation of breast cancer and normal-appearing breast tissue. Thus, this approach represents a contrast agent-free method that may help to increase diagnostic accuracy in MR-mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Loi
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katerina Deike-Hofmann
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Stieber
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Junior Group Medical Imaging and Radiology - Cancer Prevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chhetri A, Li X, Rispoli JV. Current and Emerging Magnetic Resonance-Based Techniques for Breast Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:175. [PMID: 32478083 PMCID: PMC7235971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and early detection remains a principal factor for improved patient outcomes and reduced mortality. Clinically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are routinely used in determining benign and malignant tumor phenotypes and for monitoring treatment outcomes. Static MRI techniques enable superior structural contrast between adipose and fibroglandular tissues, while dynamic MRI techniques can elucidate functional characteristics of malignant tumors. The preferred clinical procedure-dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-illuminates the hypervascularity of breast tumors through a gadolinium-based contrast agent; however, accumulation of the potentially toxic contrast agent remains a major limitation of the technique, propelling MRI research toward finding an alternative, noninvasive method. Three such techniques are magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and non-contrast diffusion weighted imaging. These methods shed light on underlying chemical composition, provide snapshots of tissue metabolism, and more pronouncedly characterize microstructural heterogeneity. This review article outlines the present state of clinical MRI for breast cancer and examines several research techniques that demonstrate capacity for clinical translation. Ultimately, multi-parametric MRI-incorporating one or more of these emerging methods-presently holds the best potential to afford improved specificity and deliver excellent accuracy to clinics for the prediction, detection, and monitoring of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apekshya Chhetri
- Magnetic Resonance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Magnetic Resonance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Joseph V. Rispoli
- Magnetic Resonance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Meng N, Wang XJ, Sun J, Huang L, Wang Z, Wang KY, Wang J, Han DM, Wang MY. Comparative Study of Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Evaluation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1175-1186. [PMID: 32369256 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) are valuable MRI techniques applied to cancer. PURPOSE To compare APTWI and IVIM in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions and to evaluate the correlations between different parameters (MTRasym [3.5 ppm], D, D*, and f) and prognostic factors for breast cancer. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 123 breast lesions were studied before treatment, including 58 benign lesions and 65 malignant lesions. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Conventional MRI (T1 WI, T2 WI, and diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI]), APTWI, and IVIM MRI at 3T. ASSESSMENT The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm (MTRasym [3.5 ppm]), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) values were compared between the benign and malignant groups and between groups with different expression levels of prognostic factors. STATISTICAL TESTS Individual sample t-test, χ2 test, Spearman correlation, logistic regression, and the Delong test. RESULTS The D and MTRasym (3.5 ppm) values of the malignant group were lower than those of the benign group; however, D* and f values were higher than those of the benign group (all P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of D, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), D*, and f were 0.809, 0.778, 0.670, and 0.766, respectively; however, only the difference between AUC (D) and AUC (D*) was significant (Z = 2.374, P < 0.05). The D value showed a low correlation with the pathological grade and Ki-67 expression (| r | = 0.294, 0.367); the f value showed a low correlation with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (| r | = 0.382); and the MTRasym (3.5 ppm) value showed a low correlation with pathological grade (| r | = 0.371). DATA CONCLUSION This analysis revealed that both IVIM and APTWI could be used for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions, and APTWI-derived MTRasym (3.5 ppm), IVIM-derived D, D*, and f values showed correlations with some prognostic factors for breast cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1175-1186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jia Wang
- Department of MR, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Women & Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou & Zhengzhou Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai-Yu Wang
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of MR, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Dong-Ming Han
- Department of MR, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Mei-Yun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Comparison of the reproducibility of 2D and 3D amide proton transfer weighted imaging in intracranial rat gliomas at 3 T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42058-020-00028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Jia Y, Wang C, Zheng J, Lin G, Ni D, Shen Z, Huang B, Li Y, Guan J, Hong W, Chen Y, Wu R. Novel nanomedicine with a chemical-exchange saturation transfer effect for breast cancer treatment in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:123. [PMID: 31847857 PMCID: PMC6918642 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine is a promising new approach to cancer treatment that avoids the disadvantages of traditional chemotherapy and improves therapeutic indices. However, the lack of a real-time visualization imaging technology to monitor drug distribution greatly limits its clinical application. Image-tracked drug delivery is of great clinical interest; it is useful for identifying those patients for whom the therapy is more likely to be beneficial. This paper discusses a novel nanomedicine that displays features of nanoparticles and facilitates functional magnetic resonance imaging but is challenging to prepare. RESULTS To achieve this goal, we synthesized an acylamino-containing amphiphilic block copolymer (polyethylene glycol-polyacrylamide-polyacetonitrile, PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN)) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN) has chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects, which enable the use of CEST imaging for monitoring nanocarrier accumulation and providing molecular information of pathological tissues. Based on PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN), a new nanomedicine PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX was constructed by nano-precipitation. The self-assembling nature of PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX made the synthesis effective, straightforward, and biocompatible. In vitro studies demonstrate decreased cytotoxicity of PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX compared to free doxorubicin (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), mean ~ 0.62 μg/mL vs. ~ 5 μg/mL), and the nanomedicine more efficiently entered the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells to kill them. Further, in vivo animal experiments showed that the nanomedicine developed was not only effective against breast cancer, but also displayed an excellent sensitive CEST effect for monitoring drug accumulation (at about 0.5 ppm) in tumor areas. The CEST signal of post-injection 2 h was significantly higher than that of pre-injection (2.17 ± 0.88% vs. 0. 09 ± 0.75%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The nanomedicine with CEST imaging reflects the characterization of tumors and therapeutic functions has great potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jia
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisen Lin
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalong Ni
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weida Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Simegn GL, Alhamud A, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes E, Robertson F. Repeatability and reproducibility of prospective motion- and shim corrected 2D glycoCEST MRI. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1674-1685. [PMID: 31728311 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.09.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Repeated glycoCEST MRI measurements on the same subject should produce similar results under the same environmental and experimental conditions. However, fluctuations in the static B0 field, which may occur between and within measurements due to heating of the shim iron or subject motion, may alter results and affect reproducibility. Here we investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of glycoCEST measurements and examine the effectiveness of a real-time shim- and motion navigated chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) sequence to improve reproducibility. Methods In nine subjects, double volumetric navigated (DvNav)-CEST acquisitions in the calf muscle were repeated five times in each of two sessions-the first without correction, and the second with real-time shim- and motion correction applied. In both sessions a dynamically changing field was introduced by running a 5-minute gradient intensive diffusion sequence. We evaluated the effect of the introduced B0 inhomogeneity on the reproducibility of glycoCEST, where the small chemical shift difference between the hydroxyl and bulk water protons at 3 T makes CEST quantification extremely sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Results With real-time shim- and motion correction, glycoCEST results were relatively consistent with mean coefficient of variation (CoV) 2.7%±1.4% across all subjects, whereas without correction the results were less consistent with CoV 84%±71%. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that real-time shim- and motion correction can mitigate effects of B0 field fluctuations and improve reproducibility of glycoCEST data. This is important when conducting longitudinal studies or when using glycoCEST MRI to assess treatment or physiological responses over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizeaddis Lamesgin Simegn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ali Alhamud
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre (CUBIC), Cape Town, South Africa.,Al-Zintan University, Faculty of Medicine, Alzintan, Libya
| | - Andre J W van der Kouwe
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging/MGH, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ernesta Meintjes
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre (CUBIC), Cape Town, South Africa.,Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances Robertson
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre (CUBIC), Cape Town, South Africa.,Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Dou W, Lin CYE, Ding H, Shen Y, Dou C, Qian L, Wen B, Wu B. Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging and its main and potential applications in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1747-1766. [PMID: 31728316 PMCID: PMC6828581 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a novel contrast mechanism, relying on the exchange between mobile protons in amide (-NH), amine (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups and bulk water. Due to the targeted protons present in endogenous molecules or exogenous compounds applied externally, CEST imaging can respectively, generate endogenous or exogenous contrast. Nowadays, CEST imaging for endogenous contrast has been explored in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Amide CEST, also called amide proton transfer weighted (APT) imaging, generates CEST effect at 3.5 ppm away from the water signal and has been widely investigated. Given the sensitivity to amide proton concentration and pH level, APT imaging has shown robust performance in the assessment of ischemia, brain tumors, breast and prostate cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. With advanced methods proposed, pure APT and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) mediated CEST effects were separately fitted from original APT signal. Using both effects, early but promising results were obtained for glioma patients in the evaluation of tumor response to therapy and patient survival. Compared to amide CEST, amine CEST is also mobile proton concentration and pH dependent, but has a faster exchange rate between amine protons and water. The resultant CEST effect is usually introduced at 1.8-3 ppm. Glutamate and creatine, as two main metabolites with amine groups for CEST imaging, have been applied to quantitatively assess diseases in the central nervous system and muscle system, respectively. Glycosaminoglycan (Gag) as a representative metabolite with hydroxyl groups has also been measured to evaluate the cartilage of knee or intervertebral discs in CEST MRI. Due to limited frequency difference between hydroxyl protons and water, 7T for better spectral separation is preferred over 3T for GagCEST measurement. The applications of CEST MRI with exogenous contrast agents are still quite limited in clinic. While certain diamagnetic CEST agents, such as dynamic-glucose, have been tried in human for brain tumor or neck cancer assessment, most exogenous agents, i.e., paramagnetic CEST agents, are still tested in the pre-clinical stage, mainly due to potential toxicity. Engineered tissues for tissue regeneration and drug delivery have also shown a great potential in CEST imaging, as many of them, such as hydrogel and polyamide materials, contain mobile protons or can be incorporated with CEST specific chemical compounds. These engineered tissues can thus generate CEST effect in vivo, allowing a possibility to understand the fate of them in vivo longitudinally. Although the CEST MRI with engineered tissues has only been established in early stage, the obtained first evidence is crucial for further optimizing these biomaterials and finally accomplishing the translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Dou
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | | | - Hongyuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Shen
- MR Enhanced Application, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Carol Dou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bing Wu
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
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22
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Zimmermann F, Korzowski A, Breitling J, Meissner J, Schuenke P, Loi L, Zaiss M, Bickelhaupt S, Schott S, Schlemmer H, Paech D, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. A novel normalization for amide proton transfer CEST MRI to correct for fat signal–induced artifacts: application to human breast cancer imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:920-934. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan‐Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lisa Loi
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High‐field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Medical Imaging and Radiology ‐ Cancer Prevention German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Heinz‐Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
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23
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Krikken E, van der Kemp WJ, Khlebnikov V, van Dalen T, Los M, van Laarhoven HW, Luijten PR, van den Bosch MA, Klomp DW, Wijnen JP. Contradiction between amide-CEST signal and pH in breast cancer explained with metabolic MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4110. [PMID: 31136039 PMCID: PMC6772111 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic MRI is a noninvasive technique that can give new insights into understanding cancer metabolism and finding biomarkers to evaluate or monitor treatment plans. Using this technique, a previous study has shown an increase in pH during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, while recent observation in a different study showed a reduced amide proton transfer (APT) signal during NAC treatment (negative relation). These findings are counterintuitive, given the known intrinsic positive relation of APT signal to pH. METHODS In this study we combined APT MRI and 31 P-MRSI measurements to unravel the relation between the APT signal and pH in breast cancer. Twenty-two breast cancer patients were scanned with a 7 T MRI before and after the first cycle of NAC treatment. pH was determined by the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate (Pi). RESULTS While APT signals have a positive relation to pH and amide content, we observed a direct negative linear correlation between APT signals and pH in breast tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS As differentiation of cancer stages was confirmed by observation of a linear correlation between cell proliferation marker PE/Pi (phosphoethanolamine over inorganic phosphate) and pH in the tumor, our data demonstrates that the concentration of mobile proteins likely supersedes the contribution of the exchange rate to the APT signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Krikken
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Vitaliy Khlebnikov
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Maartje Los
- Department of Medical OncologySt. Antonius ZiekenhuisNieuwegein/UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre AmsterdamCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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24
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Yu L, Li C, Luo X, Zhou J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen M. Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Head and Neck Tumors with Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MR Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:348-355. [PMID: 29987616 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the feasibility and capability of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging for the characterization of head and neck tumors. PROCEDURES Twenty-nine consecutive patients with suspected head and neck tumors were enrolled in this study and underwent APTw magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3.0-T MRI scanner. The patients were divided into malignant (n = 16) and benign (n = 13) groups, based on pathological results. A map of magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm [MTRasym (3.5 ppm)] was generated for each patient. Interobserver agreement was evaluated and comparisons of MTRasym (3.5 ppm) were made between the malignant and benign groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the appropriate threshold value of MTRasym (3.5 ppm) for the differentiation of malignant from benign tumors. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients of the malignant and benign groups were 0.96 and 0.90, respectively, which indicated a good interobserver agreement. MTRasym (3.5 ppm) was significantly higher for the malignant group (3.66 ± 1.15 %) than for the benign group (1.94 ± 0.93 %, P < 0.001). APTw MRI revealed an area under the curve of 0.904 in discriminating these two groups, with a sensitivity of 81.3 %, a specificity of 92.3 %, and an accuracy of 86.2 %, at the threshold of 2.62 % of MTRasym (3.5 ppm). CONCLUSIONS APTw MRI is feasible for use in the head and neck tumors and is a valuable imaging biomarker for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaojie Luo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 336, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, No. 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100730, China.
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25
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Zhao Y, Yan X, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Liu Z, Li J. Self-adapting multi-peak water-fat reconstruction for the removal of lipid artifacts in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1700-1712. [PMID: 31241219 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Artifacts caused by strong lipid signals pose challenges in body chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging. This study aimed to develop an accurate water-fat reconstruction method based on the multi-echo Dixon technique to remove lipid artifacts in CEST imaging. THEORY AND METHODS It is well known that fat has multiple spectral peaks. Furthermore, RF pulses in CEST preparation saturate each fat peak at different levels, complicating fat modeling. Therefore, a self-adapting multi-peak model (SMPM) is proposed to update relative amplitudes of fat peaks using numerical calculation. With the SMPM-based updating, nonlinear least-squares fitting combined with IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation) algorithms was used for water-fat reconstruction and B0 mapping. The proposed method was compared with the reported 3-point Dixon method and the fixed multi-peak model in a phantom study using a fat-free Z-spectrum obtained from MR spectroscopy acquisition as the ground truth. This method was also validated by in vivo experiments on human breast. RESULTS In the phantom experiments, the Z-spectrum from the SMPM-based method agreed well with the fat-free Z-spectrum from CEST-PRESS (point-resolved spectroscopy), validating the effective removal of lipid artifacts, while a decrease or a rise that appeared at -3.5 ppm was observed in the Z-spectrum from the 3-point method and the FMPM-based method, respectively. In the in vivo experiments, no lipid artifacts were observed in the Z-spectrum or the amide CEST map from the SMPM-based method in the fibro-glandular region of the breast with high fat fractions. CONCLUSION The SMPM-based method successfully removes lipid artifacts and significantly improves the accuracy of CEST contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yan
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Weiwei Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhi Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zaric O, Farr A, Poblador Rodriguez E, Mlynarik V, Bogner W, Gruber S, Asseryanis E, Singer CF, Trattnig S. 7T CEST MRI: A potential imaging tool for the assessment of tumor grade and cell proliferation in breast cancer. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 59:77-87. [PMID: 30880110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in patients with breast carcinomas and possible correlations between magnetization transfer asymmetry (MTRasym) values and histological features, such as tumor grade and the Ki-67 proliferation index. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine healthy subjects and 18 female patients were enrolled for this study. The imaging protocol for the patients consisted of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), CEST imaging, and T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRI. CEST was performed using a 3D gradient echo (GRE) sequence, employing eight pre-saturation pulses of a duration of 50 ms and a duty cycle (DC) of 80%, with a mean amplitude of the saturation pulse train of 1 μT. The Z-spectrum was plotted and MTRasym values calculated for the frequency of the maximum of MTRasym curve, were correlated with the Ki-67 proliferation index and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Patient data were statistically assessed using the Games-Howell post-hoc and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS Different tumor types had asymmetry peaks at different positions of Z-spectrum. MTRasym (mean ± SD) (%) calculated for G1 (3.0 ± 0.3; range: 2.70-3.50) was not significantly lower than for G2 (4.50 ± 1.30; range: 3.20-6.50; p = 0.066). In contrast, the increase in MTRasym between G1 and G3 (6.40 ± 1.70; range: 4.80-9.80) lesions was significant (p = 0.007). No significant difference was observed between G2 and G3 with regard to MTRasym (p = 0.089). There was a strong positive correlation between the MTRasym, and Ki-67 proliferation index (r = 0.890; p = 0.001), while there was a moderate negative correlation between MTRasym and ADC values (r = -0.506; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Calculated MTRasym demonstrates a strong positive correlation with tumor proliferation and has the potential to become a valuable biomarker for breast tumor characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Zaric
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex Farr
- Breast Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Esau Poblador Rodriguez
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Mlynarik
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Gesellschaft, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ella Asseryanis
- Breast Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Breast Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Lin EC, Li H, Zu Z, Louie EA, Lankford CL, Dortch RD, Does MD, Gore JC, Gochberg DF. Chemical exchange rotation transfer (CERT) on human brain at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2609-2617. [PMID: 29802641 PMCID: PMC6252284 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the ability of a novel pulse sequence applied in vivo at 3 Tesla to separate the contributions to the water signal from amide proton transfer (APT) and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE) from background direct water saturation and semisolid magnetization transfer (MT). The lack of such signal source isolation has confounded conventional chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging. METHODS We quantified APT and rNOE signals using a chemical exchange rotation transfer (CERT) metric, MTRdouble . A range of duty cycles and average irradiation powers were applied, and results were compared with conventional CEST analyses using asymmetry (MTRasym ) and extrapolated magnetization transfer (EMR). RESULTS Our results indicate that MTRdouble is more specific than MTRasym and, because it requires as few as 3 data points, is more rapid than methods requiring a complete Z-spectrum, such as EMR. In white matter, APT (1.5 ± 0.5%) and rNOE (2.1 ± 0.7%) were quantified by using MTRdouble with a 30% duty cycle and a 0.5-µT average power. In addition, our results suggest that MTRdouble is insensitive to B0 inhomogeneity, further magnifying its speed advantage over CEST metrics that require a separate B0 measurement. However, MTRdouble still has nontrivial sensitivity to B1 inhomogeneities. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that MTRdouble is an alternative metric to evaluate APT and rNOE, which is fast, robust to B0 inhomogeneity, and easy to process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene C. Lin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Hua Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Elizabeth A. Louie
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Chris L. Lankford
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard D. Dortch
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark D. Does
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel F. Gochberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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28
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Kamimura K, Nakajo M, Yoneyama T, Takumi K, Kumagae Y, Fukukura Y, Yoshiura T. Amide proton transfer imaging of tumors: theory, clinical applications, pitfalls, and future directions. Jpn J Radiol 2018; 37:109-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s11604-018-0787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Krikken E, Khlebnikov V, Zaiss M, Jibodh RA, van Diest PJ, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ, van Laarhoven HWM, Wijnen JP. Amide chemical exchange saturation transfer at 7 T: a possible biomarker for detecting early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:51. [PMID: 29898745 PMCID: PMC6001024 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this work was to investigate noninvasive early detection of treatment response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurements sensitive to amide proton transfer (APT) at 7 T. METHODS CEST images were acquired in 10 tumors of nine breast cancer patients treated with NAC. APT signals in the tumor, before and after the first cycle of NAC, were quantified using a three-pool Lorentzian fit of the z-spectra in the region of interest. The changes in APT were subsequently related to pathological response after surgery defined by the Miller-Payne system. RESULTS Significant differences (P < 0.05, unpaired Mann-Whitney test) were found in the APT signal before and after the first cycle of NAC in six out of 10 lesions, of which two showed a pathological complete response. Of the remaining four lesions, one showed a pathological complete response. No significant difference in changes of APT signal were found between the different pathological responses to NAC treatment (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study shows the feasibility of using APT CEST magnetic resonance imaging as a noninvasive biomarker to assess the effect of NAC in an early stage of NAC treatment of breast cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number, NL49333.041.14/ NTR4980 . Registered on 16 October 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Krikken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vitaliy Khlebnikov
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rajni A. Jibodh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. J. Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Zhang S, Keupp J, Wang X, Dimitrov I, Madhuranthakam AJ, Lenkinski RE, Vinogradov E. Z-spectrum appearance and interpretation in the presence of fat: Influence of acquisition parameters. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:2731-2737. [PMID: 28862349 PMCID: PMC5821535 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is increasingly evolving from brain to body applications. One of the known problems in the body imaging is the presence of strong lipid signals. Although their influence on the CEST effect is acknowledged, there was no study that focuses on the interplay among echo time, fat fraction, and Z-spectrum. This study strives to address these points, with the emphasis on the application in the breast. METHODS Z-spectra were simulated in phase and out of phase of the main fat peak at -3.4 ppm, with the fat fraction varying from 0 to 100%. The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry in two ranges, centering at the exchanging pool and at 3.5 ppm approximately opposite the nonexchanging fat pool, were calculated and were plotted against fat fraction. The results were verified in phantoms and in vivo. RESULTS The results demonstrate the combined influence of fat fraction and echo time on the Z-spectrum for gradient echo based CEST acquisitions. The influence is straightforward in the in-phase images, but it is more complicated in the out-of-phase images, potentially leading to erroneous CEST contrast. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a basis for understanding the origin and appearance of lipid artifacts in CEST imaging, and lays the foundation for their efficient removal. Magn Reson Med 79:2731-2737, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Xinzeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Philips Medical Systems, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ananth J. Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert E. Lenkinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elena Vinogradov
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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31
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Tu TW, Ibrahim WG, Jikaria N, Munasinghe JP, Witko JA, Hammoud DA, Frank JA. On the detection of cerebral metabolic depression in experimental traumatic brain injury using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)-weighted MRI. Sci Rep 2018; 8:669. [PMID: 29330386 PMCID: PMC5766554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients exhibiting long-term neurological deficits. This study investigated the feasibility and reproducibility of using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to detect cerebral metabolic depression in experimental TBI. Phantom and in vivo CEST experiments were conducted at 9.4 Tesla to optimize the selective saturation for enhancing the endogenous contrast-weighting of the proton exchanges over the range of glucose proton chemical shifts (glucoCEST) in the resting rat brain. The optimized glucoCEST-weighted imaging was performed on a closed-head model of diffuse TBI in rats with 2-deoxy-D-[14C]-glucose (2DG) autoradiography validation. The results demonstrated that saturation duration of 1‒2 seconds at pulse powers 1.5‒2µT resulted in an improved contrast-to-noise ratio between the gray and white matter comparable to 2DG autoradiographs. The intrasubject (n = 4) and intersubject (n = 3) coefficient of variations for repeated glucoCEST acquisitions (n = 4) ranged between 8‒16%. Optimization for the TBI study revealed that glucoCEST-weighted images with 1.5μT power and 1 s saturation duration revealed the greatest changes in contrast before and after TBI, and positively correlated with 2DG autoradiograph (r = 0.78, p < 0.01, n = 6) observations. These results demonstrate that glucoCEST-weighted imaging may be useful in detecting metabolic abnormalities following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsang-Wei Tu
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. .,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States. .,Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Wael G Ibrahim
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Neekita Jikaria
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Acute Stroke Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeeva P Munasinghe
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaclyn A Witko
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph A Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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32
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Zhang S, Seiler S, Wang X, Madhuranthakam AJ, Keupp J, Knippa EE, Lenkinski RE, Vinogradov E. CEST-Dixon for human breast lesion characterization at 3 T: A preliminary study. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:895-903. [PMID: 29322559 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xinzeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ananth J Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Emily E Knippa
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert E Lenkinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Vinogradov
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Zou T, Yu H, Jiang C, Wang X, Jiang S, Rui Q, Mei Y, Zhou J, Wen Z. Differentiating the histologic grades of gliomas preoperatively using amide proton transfer-weighted (APTW) and intravoxel incoherent motion MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:10.1002/nbm.3850. [PMID: 29098732 PMCID: PMC5757627 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the diagnostic performance of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTW) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative grading of gliomas. Fifty-one patients with suspected gliomas were recruited and underwent a preoperative MRI examination that included APTW and IVIM sequences. All cases were confirmed by postsurgical histopathology. APTW signal intensity, true diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f) and pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) were applied to assess the solid tumor component and contralateral normal-appearing white matter. The relative APTW signal intensity (rAPTW) was also used. Independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests were used to compare differences in MRI parameters between low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) groups. The diagnostic performance was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic curve. Twenty-six patients were pathologically diagnosed with LGG and 25 were diagnosed with HGG. APTW, rAPTW and f values were significantly higher (all p < 0.001), whereas D values were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the HGG group than in the LGG group. There was no significant difference between D* values for the two groups. rAPTW had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84.6%, followed by APTW, f, D and D*. The combined use of APTW and IVIM showed the best diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.986. In conclusion, APTW and IVIM, as two promising supplementary sequences for routine MRI, could be valuable in differentiating LGGs from HGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Qihong Rui
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Mei
- Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, P.R. China
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Liu R, Jiang G, Gao P, Li G, Nie L, Yan J, Jiang M, Duan R, Zhao Y, Luo J, Yin Y, Li C. Non-invasive Amide Proton Transfer Imaging and ZOOM Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Micronodules. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:747. [PMID: 30631303 PMCID: PMC6315121 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-operative non-invasive differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is difficult for doctors. This study aims to determine whether amide proton transfer (APT) imaging and zonally oblique multi-slice (ZOOM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can provide increased accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and included 60 thyroid nodules in 50 patients. All of the nodules were classified as malignant (n = 21) or benign (n = 39) based on pathology. It was meaningful to analyze the APT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the two groups by independent t-test to identify the benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The relationship between APT and ZOOM DWI was explored through Pearson correlation analysis. The diagnostic efficacy of APT and ZOOM DWI in determining if thyroid nodules were benign or malignant was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The mean APTw value of the benign nodules was 2.99 ± 0.79, while that of the malignant nodules was 2.14 ± 0.73. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the APTw values of the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean ADC value of the benign nodules was 1.84 ± 0.41, and was significantly different from that of the malignant nodules, which was 1.21 ± 0.19 (P < 0.05). Scatter point and Pearson test showed a moderate positive correlation between the APT and ADC values (P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value of ZOOM DWI (AUC = 0.937) was greater than that of APT (AUC = 0.783) (P = 0.028). Conclusion: APT and ZOOM DWI imaging improved the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. ZOOM DWI is superior to APTw imaging (Z = 2.198, P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuang Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Nie
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renpeng Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxian Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Li
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Yu H, Lou H, Zou T, Wang X, Jiang S, Huang Z, Du Y, Jiang C, Ma L, Zhu J, He W, Rui Q, Zhou J, Wen Z. Applying protein-based amide proton transfer MR imaging to distinguish solitary brain metastases from glioblastoma. Eur Radiol 2017; 27:4516-4524. [PMID: 28534162 PMCID: PMC5744886 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the utility of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging in distinguishing solitary brain metastases (SBMs) from glioblastomas (GBMs). METHODS Forty-five patients with SBMs and 43 patients with GBMs underwent conventional and APT-weighted sequences before clinical intervention. The APTw parameters and relative APTw (rAPTw) parameters in the tumour core and the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) were obtained and compared between SBMs and GBMs. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the best parameter for distinguishing between the two groups. RESULTS The APTwmax, APTwmin, APTwmean, rAPTwmax, rAPTwmin or rAPTwmean values in the tumour core were not significantly different between the SBM and GBM groups (P = 0.141, 0.361, 0.221, 0.305, 0.578 and 0.448, respectively). However, the APTwmax, APTwmin, APTwmean, rAPTwmax, rAPTwmin or rAPTwmean values in the PBZ were significantly lower in the SBM group than in the GBM group (P < 0.001). The APTwmin values had the highest area under the ROC curve 0.905 and accuracy 85.2% in discriminating between the two neoplasms. CONCLUSION As a noninvasive imaging method, APT-weighted MR imaging can be used to distinguish SBMs from GBMs. KEY POINTS • APTw values in the tumour core were not different between SBMs and GBMs. • APTw values in peritumoral brain zone were lower in SBMs than in GBMs. • The APTw min was the best parameter to distinguish SBMs from GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Huiling Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People' Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Tianyu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600N. Wolfe Street, Park 336, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhongqing Huang
- Department of Medical Image Center, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Chunxiu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Jianbin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Qihong Rui
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600N. Wolfe Street, Park 336, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Gongye Road M No.253, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
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Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is an indispensable tool in breast imaging for many indications. Several functional parameters with MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) have been assessed for imaging of breast tumors and their combined application is defined as multiparametric imaging. Available data suggest that multiparametric imaging using different functional MRI and PET parameters can provide detailed information about the hallmarks of cancer and may provide additional specificity. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS Multiparametric and molecular imaging of the breast comprises established MRI parameters, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), MR proton spectroscopy ((1)H-MRSI) as well as combinations of radiological and MRI techniques (e. g. PET/CT and PET/MRI) using radiotracers, such as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Multiparametric and molecular imaging of the breast can be performed at different field-strengths (range 1.5-7 T). Emerging parameters comprise novel promising techniques, such as sodium imaging ((23)Na MRI), phosphorus spectroscopy ((31)P-MRSI), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) and hyperpolarized MRI as well as various specific radiotracers. ACHIEVEMENTS Multiparametric and molecular imaging has multiple applications in breast imaging. Multiparametric and molecular imaging of the breast is an evolving field that will enable improved detection, characterization, staging and monitoring for personalized medicine in breast cancer.
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Marino MA, Helbich T, Baltzer P, Pinker-Domenig K. Multiparametric MRI of the breast: A review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adele Marino
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Thomas Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Pascal Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Katja Pinker-Domenig
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Radiology; Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York USA
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Pinker K, Helbich TH, Morris EA. The potential of multiparametric MRI of the breast. Br J Radiol 2016; 90:20160715. [PMID: 27805423 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is an essential tool in breast imaging, with multiple established indications. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is the backbone of any breast MRI protocol and has an excellent sensitivity and good specificity for breast cancer diagnosis. DCE-MRI provides high-resolution morphological information, as well as some functional information about neoangiogenesis as a tumour-specific feature. To overcome limitations in specificity, several other functional MRI parameters have been investigated and the application of these combined parameters is defined as multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the breast. MpMRI of the breast can be performed at different field strengths (1.5-7 T) and includes both established (diffusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopic imaging) and novel MRI parameters (sodium imaging, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI), as well as hybrid imaging with positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI and different radiotracers. Available data suggest that multiparametric imaging using different functional MRI and PET parameters can provide detailed information about the underlying oncogenic processes of cancer development and progression and can provide additional specificity. This article will review the current and emerging functional parameters for mpMRI of the breast for improved diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pinker
- 1 Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,3 Department of Radiology, Breast Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- 2 Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth A Morris
- 3 Department of Radiology, Breast Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Harris RJ, Cloughesy TF, Liau LM, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Pope WB, Ellingson BM. Simulation, phantom validation, and clinical evaluation of fast pH-weighted molecular imaging using amine chemical exchange saturation transfer echo planar imaging (CEST-EPI) in glioma at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1563-1576. [PMID: 27717216 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acidity within the extracellular milieu is a hallmark of cancer. There is a current need for fast, high spatial resolution pH imaging techniques for clinical evaluation of cancers, including gliomas. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI targeting fast-exchanging amine protons can be used to obtain high-resolution pH-weighted images, but conventional CEST acquisition strategies are slow. There is also a need for more accurate MR simulations to better understand the effects of amine CEST pulse sequence parameters on pH-weighted image contrast. In the current study we present a simulation of amine CEST contrast specific for a newly developed CEST echoplanar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence. The accuracy of the simulations was validated by comparing the exchange rates and Z-spectrum under a variety of conditions using physical phantoms of glutamine with different pH values. The effects of saturation pulse shapes, pulse durations, pulse train lengths, repetition times, and relaxation rates of bulk water and exchangeable amine protons on the CEST signal were explored for normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), glioma, and cerebrospinal fluid. Last, 18 patients with WHO II-IV gliomas were evaluated. Results showed that the Z-spectrum was highly dependent on saturation pulse shape, repetition time, saturation amplitude, magnetic field strength, and T2 within bulk water; however, the Z-spectrum was only minimally influenced by saturation pulse duration and the specific relaxation rates of amine protons. Results suggest that a Gaussian saturation pulse train consisting of 3 × 100 ms pulses using the minimum allowable repetition time is optimal for achieving over 90% available contrast across all tissues. Results also demonstrate that high saturation pulse amplitude and scanner field strength (>3 T) are necessary for adequate endogenous pH-weighted amine CEST contrast. pH-weighted amine CEST contrast increased with increasing tumor grade, with glioblastoma showing significantly higher contrast compared with WHO II or III gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Harris
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physics and Biology in Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- UCLA Brain Research Institute (BRI), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Brain Research Institute (BRI), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Physics and Biology in Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- UCLA Brain Research Institute (BRI), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Breast MR imaging has increased in popularity over the past 2 decades due to evidence of its high sensitivity for cancer detection. Current clinical MR imaging approaches rely on the use of a dynamic contrast-enhanced acquisition that facilitates morphologic and semiquantitative kinetic assessments of breast lesions. The use of more functional and quantitative parameters holds promise to broaden the utility of MR imaging and improve its specificity. Because of wide variations in approaches for measuring these parameters and the considerable technical challenges, robust multicenter data supporting their routine use are not yet available, limiting current applications of many of these tools to research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Rahbar
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109-1023, USA
| | - Savannah C Partridge
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109-1023, USA.
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41
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Wu B, Warnock G, Zaiss M, Lin C, Chen M, Zhou Z, Mu L, Nanz D, Tuura R, Delso G. An overview of CEST MRI for non-MR physicists. EJNMMI Phys 2016; 3:19. [PMID: 27562024 PMCID: PMC4999387 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-016-0155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for novel image contrasts has been a major driving force in the magnetic resonance (MR) research community, in order to gain further information on the body’s physiological and pathological conditions. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MR technique that enables imaging certain compounds at concentrations that are too low to impact the contrast of standard MR imaging and too low to directly be detected in MRS at typical water imaging resolution. For this to be possible, the target compound must be capable of exchanging protons with the surrounding water molecules. This property can be exploited to cause a continuous buildup of magnetic saturation of water, leading to greatly enhanced sensitivity. The goal of the present review is to introduce the basic principles of CEST imaging to the general molecular imaging community. Special focus has been given to the comparison of state-of-the-art CEST methods reported in the literature with their positron emission tomography (PET) counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- GE Healthcare, Waukesha (WI), USA
| | - G Warnock
- PMOD Technologies Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Zaiss
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Lin
- GE Healthcare, Waukesha (WI), USA
| | - M Chen
- Peking Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhou
- GE Healthcare, Waukesha (WI), USA
| | - L Mu
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Nanz
- University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Tuura
- Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Delso
- GE Healthcare, Waukesha (WI), USA.
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42
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DeBrosse C, Nanga RPR, Bagga P, Nath K, Haris M, Marincola F, Schnall MD, Hariharan H, Reddy R. Lactate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (LATEST) Imaging in vivo A Biomarker for LDH Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19517. [PMID: 26794265 PMCID: PMC4726389 DOI: 10.1038/srep19517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of lactate is of enormous significance in cancer and metabolic disorders where glycolysis dominates. Here, for the first time, we describe a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method (LATEST), based on the exchange between lactate hydroxyl proton and bulk water protons to image lactate with high spatial resolution. We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging lactate with LATEST in lactate phantoms under physiological conditions, in a mouse model of lymphoma tumors, and in skeletal muscle of healthy human subjects pre- and post-exercise. The method is validated by measuring LATEST changes in lymphoma tumors pre- and post-infusion of pyruvate and correlating them with lactate determined from multiple quantum filtered proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SEL-MQC 1H-MRS). Similarly, dynamic LATEST changes in exercising human skeletal muscle are correlated with lactate determined from SEL-MQC 1H-MRS. The LATEST method does not involve injection of radioactive isotopes or labeled metabolites. It has over two orders of magnitude higher sensitivity compared to conventional 1H-MRS. It is anticipated that this technique will have a wide range of applications including diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic response of cancer, diabetes, cardiac, and musculoskeletal diseases. The advantages of LATEST over existing methods and its potential challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine DeBrosse
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mitchell D Schnall
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
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43
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Abstract
The ability to identify key biomolecules and molecular changes associated with cancer malignancy and the capacity to monitor the therapeutic outcome against these targets is critically important for cancer treatment. Recent developments in molecular imaging based on magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have provided researchers and clinicians with new tools to improve most facets of cancer care. Molecular imaging is broadly described as imaging techniques used to detect molecular signature at the cellular and gene expression levels. This article reviews both established and emerging molecular MR techniques in oncology and discusses the potential of these techniques in improving the clinical cancer care. It also discusses how molecular MR, in conjunction with other structural and functional MR imaging techniques, paves the way for developing tailored treatment strategies to enhance cancer care.
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44
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Hectors SJCG, Jacobs I, Moonen CTW, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. MRI methods for the evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound tumor treatment: Current status and future needs. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:302-17. [PMID: 26096859 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermal ablation with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an emerging noninvasive technique for the treatment of solid tumors. HIFU treatment of malignant tumors requires accurate treatment planning, monitoring and evaluation, which can be facilitated by performing the procedure in an MR-guided HIFU system. The MR-based evaluation of HIFU treatment is most often restricted to contrast-enhanced T1 -weighted imaging, while it has been shown that the non-perfused volume may not reflect the extent of nonviable tumor tissue after HIFU treatment. There are multiple studies in which more advanced MRI methods were assessed for their suitability for the evaluation of HIFU treatment. While several of these methods seem promising regarding their sensitivity to HIFU-induced tissue changes, there is still ample room for improvement of MRI protocols for HIFU treatment evaluation. In this review article, we describe the major acute and delayed effects of HIFU treatment. For each effect, the MRI methods that have been-or could be-used to detect the associated tissue changes are described. In addition, the potential value of multiparametric MRI for the evaluation of HIFU treatment is discussed. The review ends with a discussion on future directions for the MRI-based evaluation of HIFU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J C G Hectors
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Igor Jacobs
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chrit T W Moonen
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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45
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful, noninvasive imaging technique with exquisite sensitivity to soft tissue composition. Magnetic resonance imaging is primary tool for brain tumor diagnosis, evaluation of drug response assessment, and clinical monitoring of the patient during the course of their disease. The flexibility of magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence design allows for a variety of image contrasts to be acquired, including information about magnetic resonance-specific tissue characteristics, molecular dynamics, microstructural organization, vascular composition, and biochemical status. The current review highlights recent advancements and novel approaches in MR characterization of brain tumors.
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46
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McVicar N, Li AX, Meakin SO, Bartha R. Imaging chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects following tumor-selective acidification using lonidamine. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:566-575. [PMID: 25808190 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased lactate production through glycolysis in aerobic conditions is a hallmark of cancer. Some anticancer drugs have been designed to exploit elevated glycolysis in cancer cells. For example, lonidamine (LND) inhibits lactate transport, leading to intracellular acidification in cancer cells. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MRI contrast mechanism that is dependent on intracellular pH. Amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) and apparent amide proton transfer (APT*) represent two recently developed CEST contrast parameters that are sensitive to pH. The goal of this study was to compare the sensitivity of AACID and APT* for the detection of tumor-selective acidification after LND injection. Using a 9.4-T MRI scanner, CEST data were acquired in mice approximately 14 days after the implantation of 10(5) U87 human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in the brain, before and after the administration of LND (dose, 50 or 100 mg/kg). Significant dose-dependent LND-induced changes in the measured CEST parameters were detected in brain regions spatially correlated with implanted tumors. Importantly, no changes were observed in T1- and T2-weighted images acquired before and after LND treatment. The AACID and APT* contrast measured before and after LND injection exhibited similar pH sensitivity. Interestingly, LND-induced contrast maps showed increased heterogeneity compared with pre-injection CEST maps. These results demonstrate that CEST contrast changes after the administration of LND could help to localize brain cancer and monitor tumor response to chemotherapy within 1 h of treatment. The LND CEST experiment uses an anticancer drug to induce a metabolic change detectable by endogenous MRI contrast, and therefore represents a unique cancer detection paradigm which differs from other current molecular imaging techniques that require the injection of an imaging contrast agent or tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin McVicar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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47
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Molecular MRI differentiation between primary central nervous system lymphomas and high-grade gliomas using endogenous protein-based amide proton transfer MR imaging at 3 Tesla. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:64-71. [PMID: 25925361 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To show the ability of using the amide proton transfer-weighted (APTW) MRI signals as imaging biomarkers to differentiate primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs). METHODS Eleven patients with lymphomas and 21 patients with HGGs were examined. Magnetization-transfer (MT) spectra over an offset range of ± 6 ppm and the conventional MT ratio (MTR) at 15.6 ppm were acquired. The APTW signals, total chemical-exchange-saturation-transfer signal (integral between 0 and 5 ppm, CEST total), and MTR signal were obtained and compared between PCNSLs and HGGs. The diagnostic performance was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The PCNSLs usually showed more homogeneous APTW hyperintensity (spatially compared to normal brain tissue) than the HGGs. The APTW max, APTW max-min and CEST total signal intensities were significantly lower (P < 0.05, 0.001 and 0.05, respectively), while the APTW min and MTR were significantly higher (both P < 0.01) in PCNSL lesions than in HGG lesions. The APTW values in peritumoral oedema were significantly lower for PCNSLs than for HGGs (P < 0.01). APTW max-min had the highest area under the ROC curve (0.963) and accuracy (94.1 %) in differentiating PCNSLs from HGGs. CONCLUSIONS The protein-based APTW signal would be a valuable MRI biomarker by which to identify PCNSLs and HGGs presurgically. KEY POINTS PCNSLs overall showed more homogeneous APTW hyperintensity than HGGs. Maximum APTW signals were lower in PCNSL lesions than in HGG lesions. MTR signals were higher in PCNSLs than in HGGs. APTW heterogeneity had the highest accuracy in differentiating PCNSLs from HGGs.
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48
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Donahue MJ, Donahue PCM, Rane S, Thompson CR, Strother MK, Scott AO, Smith SA. Assessment of lymphatic impairment and interstitial protein accumulation in patients with breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema using CEST MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:345-55. [PMID: 25752499 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lymphatic impairment is known to reduce quality of life in some of the most crippling diseases of the 21st century, including obesity, lymphedema, and cancer. However, the lymphatics are not nearly as well-understood as other bodily systems, largely owing to a lack of sensitive imaging technologies that can be applied using standard clinical equipment. Here, proton exchange-weighted MRI is translated to the lymphatics in patients with breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL). METHODS Healthy volunteers (N = 8) and BCRL patients (N = 7) were scanned at 3 Tesla using customized structural MRI and amide proton transfer (APT) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in sequence with the hypothesis that APT effects would be elevated in lymphedematous tissue. APT contrast, lymphedema stage, symptomatology, and histology information were evaluated. RESULTS No significant difference between proton-weighted APT contrast in the right and left arms of healthy controls was observed. An increase in APT contrast in the affected arms of patients was found (P = 0.025; Cohen's d = 2.4), and variability among patients was consistent with documented damage to lymphatics as quantified by lymphedema stage. CONCLUSION APT CEST MRI may have relevance for evaluating lymphatic impairment in patients with BCRL, and may extend to other pathologies where lymphatic compromise is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manus J Donahue
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula C M Donahue
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Swati Rane
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher R Thompson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan K Strother
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Allison O Scott
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Seth A Smith
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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49
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Song X, Xu J, Xia S, Yadav NN, Lal B, Laterra J, Bulte JWM, van Zijl PCM, McMahon MT. Multi-echo length and offset VARied saturation (MeLOVARS) method for improved CEST imaging. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:488-96. [PMID: 25516490 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a technique for rapid collection of chemical exchange saturation transfer images with the saturation varied to modulate signal loss transfer and enhance contrast. METHODS Multi-echo Length and Offset VARied Saturation (MeLOVARS) divides the saturation pulse of length Tsat into N = 3-8 submodules, each consisting of a saturation pulse with length of Tsat /N (∼0.3-1 s), one or more low flip-angle gradient-echo readout(s) and a flip back pulse. This results in N readouts with increasing saturation time from Tsat /N to Tsat without extra scan time. RESULTS For phantoms, eight images with Tsat incremented every 0.5 s from 0.5-4 s were collected simultaneously using MeLOVARS, which allows rapid determination of exchange rates for agent protons. For live mice bearing glioblastomas, the Z-spectra for five different Tsat values from 0.5 to 2.5 s were acquired in a time normally used for one Tsat . With the additional Tsat -dependence information, LOVARS phase maps were produced with a more clearly defined tumor boundary and an estimated 4.3-fold enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). We also show that enhancing CNR is achievable by simply averaging the collected images or transforming them using the principal component analysis. CONCLUSIONS MeLOVARS enables collection of multiple saturation-time-weighted images without extra time, producing a LOVARS phase map with increased CNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Song
- Division of MR Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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By S, Rispoli JV, Cheshkov S, Dimitrov I, Cui J, Seiler S, Goudreau S, Malloy C, Wright SM, McDougall MP. A 16-channel receive, forced current excitation dual-transmit coil for breast imaging at 7T. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113969. [PMID: 25420018 PMCID: PMC4242663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To enable high spatial and temporal breast imaging resolution via combined use of high field MRI, array coils, and forced current excitation (FCE) multi channel transmit. Materials and Methods A unilateral 16-channel receive array insert was designed for use in a transmit volume coil optimized for quadrature operation with dual-transmit RF shimming at 7T. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maps, g-factor maps, and high spatial and temporal resolution in vivo images were acquired to demonstrate the utility of the coil architecture. Results The dual-transmit FCE coil provided homogeneous excitation and the array provided an increase in average SNR of 3.3 times (max 10.8, min 1.5) compared to the volume coil in transmit/receive mode. High resolution accelerated in vivo breast imaging demonstrated the ability to achieve isotropic spatial resolution of 0.5 mm within clinically relevant 90 s scan times, as well as the ability to perform 1.0 mm isotropic resolution imaging, 7 s per dynamics, with the use of bidirectional SENSE acceleration of up to R = 9. Conclusion The FCE design of the transmit coil easily accommodates the addition of a sixteen channel array coil. The improved spatial and temporal resolution provided by the high-field array coil with FCE dual-channel transmit will ultimately be beneficial in lesion detection and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha By
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph V. Rispoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sergey Cheshkov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sally Goudreau
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Craig Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Wright
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary Preston McDougall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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