1
|
Sadek M, Stover KR, Liu X, Reed MA, Weaver DF, Reid AY. IDO-1 inhibition improves outcome after fluid percussion injury in adult male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25338. [PMID: 38706427 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway (KP) which produces both neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites. Neuroinflammatory signals produced as a result of pathological conditions can increase production of IDO1 and boost its enzymatic capacity. IDO1 and the KP have been implicated in behavioral recovery after human traumatic brain injury (TBI), but their roles in experimental models of TBI are for the most part unknown. We hypothesized there is an increase in KP activity in the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model of TBI, and that administration of an IDO1 inhibitor will improve neurological recovery. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to FPI or sham injury and received twice-daily oral administration of the IDO1 inhibitor PF-06840003 (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control. FPI resulted in a significant increase in KP activity, as demonstrated by an increased ratio of kynurenine: tryptophan, in the perilesional neocortex and ipsilateral hippocampus 3 days postinjury (DPI), which normalized by 7 DPI. The increase in KP activity was prevented by PF-06840003. IDO1 inhibition also improved memory performance as assessed in the Barnes maze and anxiety behaviors as assessed in open field testing in the first 28 DPI. These results suggest increased KP activity after FPI may mediate neurological dysfunction, and IDO1 inhibition should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target to improve recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marawan Sadek
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kurt R Stover
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aylin Y Reid
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osuch B, Misztal T, Pałatyńska K, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D. Implications of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism for the Immune System, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, and Neurotransmission in Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4845. [PMID: 38732064 PMCID: PMC11084367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a marked increase in interest in the role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in mechanisms associated with addictive behavior. Numerous reports implicate KP metabolism in influencing the immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and neurotransmission, which underlie the behavioral patterns characteristic of addiction. An in-depth analysis of the results of these new studies highlights interesting patterns of relationships, and approaching alcohol use disorder (AUD) from a broader neuroendocrine-immune system perspective may be crucial to better understanding this complex phenomenon. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of information indicating the relationship between AUD and the KP, both in terms of changes in the activity of this pathway and modulation of this pathway as a possible pharmacological approach for the treatment of AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Osuch
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (T.M.); (K.P.); (D.T.-Z.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sin R, Sotogaku N, Ohnishi YN, Shuto T, Kuroiwa M, Kawahara Y, Sugiyama K, Murakami Y, Kanai M, Funakoshi H, Chakraborti A, Bibb JA, Nishi A. Inhibition of STAT-mediated cytokine responses to chemically-induced colitis prevents inflammation-associated neurobehavioral impairments. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:173-186. [PMID: 37625556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression can be associated with chronic systemic inflammation, and production of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of the kynurenine pathway have been implicated in pathogenesis of depression. However, the mechanistic bases for these comorbidities are not yet well understood. As tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which convert tryptophan to kynurenine, are rate-limiting enzymes of the kynurenine pathway, we screened TDO or IDO inhibitors for effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a mouse macrophage cell line. The TDO inhibitor 680C91 attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-6. Surprisingly, this effect was TDO-independent, as it occurred even in peritoneal macrophages from TDO knockout mice. Instead, the anti-inflammatory effects of 680C91 were mediated through the suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT) signaling. Furthermore, 680C91 suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines and STAT signaling in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. Specifically, 680C91 effectively attenuated acute phase colon cytokine responses in male mice subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Interestingly, this treatment also prevented the development of anxiodepressive-like neurobehaviors in DSS-treated mice during the recovery phase. The ability of 680C91 to prevent anxiodepressive-like behavior in response to chemically-induced colitis appeared to be due to rescue of attenuated dopamine responses in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, inhibition of STAT-mediated, but TDO-independent proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages can prevent inflammation-associated anxiety and depression. Identification of molecular mechanisms involved may facilitate the development of new treatments for gastrointestinal-neuropsychiatric comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sin
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Sotogaku
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori N Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahide Shuto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keita Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kanai
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2230, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2230, USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tanaka M, Szabó Á, Spekker E, Polyák H, Tóth F, Vécsei L. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Common Motif in Neuropsychiatric Presentation? The Link to the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162607. [PMID: 36010683 PMCID: PMC9406499 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Later, a number of mutations in mtDNA were identified as a cause of severe inheritable metabolic diseases with neurological manifestation, and the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been probed in the pathogenesis of a wide range of illnesses including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a growing number of preclinical studies have revealed that animal behaviors are influenced by the impairment of mitochondrial functions and possibly by the loss of mitochondrial stress resilience. Indeed, as high as 54% of patients with one of the most common primary mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, present psychiatric symptoms including cognitive impairment, mood disorder, anxiety, and psychosis. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles which produce cellular energy and play a major role in other cellular functions including homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene expression, among others. Mitochondrial functions are observed to be compromised and to become less resilient under continuous stress. Meanwhile, stress and inflammation have been linked to the activation of the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic system, which observably contributes to the development of pathological conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review discusses the functions of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system, the interaction of the Trp-KYN system with mitochondria, and the current understanding of the involvement of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system in preclinical and clinical studies of major neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Tóth
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-351
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Zhang L, Fan YT, Li TN, Peng LS, Wang KP, Ma J. Signature Based on Six Autophagy-related Genes to Predict Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:597-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Hu J, Johnson TA, Zhang H, Cheng HW. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Gut Microbiota Modulates Conspecific Aggression in Diversely Selected Laying Hens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061081. [PMID: 35744601 PMCID: PMC9230770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating brain function, influencing psychological and emotional stability. The correlations between conspecific aggression, gut microbiota, and physiological homeostasis were further studied in inbred laying chicken lines, 63 and 72, which were diversely selected for Marek’s disease, and they also behave differently in aggression. Ten sixty-week-old hens from each line were sampled for blood, brain, and cecal content. Neurotransmitters, cytokines, corticosterone, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios were determined. Cecal microbiota compositions were determined by bacterial 16s rRNA sequencing, and functional predictions were performed. Our data showed that the central serotonin and tryptophan levels were higher in line 63 compared to line 72 (p < 0.05). Plasma corticosterone, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and central norepinephrine were lower in line 63 (p < 0.05). The level of tumor necrosis factor α tended to be higher in line 63. Faecalibacterium, Oscillibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Bacteriodes were enriched in line 63 birds, while Clostridiales vadin BB60, Alistipes, Mollicutes RF39 were dominated in line 72. From the predicted bacterial functional genes, the kynurenine pathway was upregulated in line 72. These results suggested a functional linkage of the line differences in serotonergic activity, stress response, innate immunity, and gut microbiota populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.A.J.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: (T.A.J.); (H.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marszalek-Grabska M, Walczak K, Gawel K, Wicha-Komsta K, Wnorowska S, Wnorowski A, Turski WA. Kynurenine emerges from the shadows – Current knowledge on its fate and function. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
8
|
Prenatal stress-induced disruptions in microbial and host tryptophan metabolism and transport. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113471. [PMID: 34280459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is a precursor for multiple metabolites that can steer proper immune and neurodevelopment as well as social behavior in later life. Dysregulation in the Trp metabolic pathways and abundance of Trp or its derivatives, including indoles, kynurenine (Kyn), and particularly serotonin, has been associated with behavioral deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Previously, we have shown that prenatal stress (PNS) alters placental Trp and serotonin, and reduces Trp-metabolizing members of the maternal colonic microbiota. Given that PNS also results in alterations in offspring neurodevelopment, behavior and immune function, we hypothesized that PNS affects Trp metabolism and transport in both the maternal and fetal compartments, and that these alterations continue into adolescence. We surmised that this is due to reductions in Trp-metabolizing microbes that would otherwise reduce the Trp pool under normal metabolic conditions. To test this, pregnant mice were exposed to a restraint stressor and gene expression of enzymes involved in Trp and serotonin metabolism were measured. Specifically, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and solute carrier proteins, were altered due to PNS both prenatally and postnatally. Additionally, Parasutterella and Bifidobacterium, which metabolize Trp in the gut, were reduced in both the dam and the offspring. Together, the reductions of Trp-associated microbes and concomitant dysregulation in Trp metabolic machinery in dam and offspring suggest that PNS-induced Trp metabolic dysfunction may mediate aberrant fetal neurodevelopment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ito N, Riyadh MA, Ahmad SAI, Hattori S, Kanemura Y, Kiyonari H, Abe T, Furuta Y, Shinmyo Y, Kaneko N, Hirota Y, Lupo G, Hatakeyama J, Abdulhaleem M FA, Anam MB, Yamaguchi M, Takeo T, Takebayashi H, Takebayashi M, Oike Y, Nakagata N, Shimamura K, Holtzman MJ, Takahashi Y, Guillemot F, Miyakawa T, Sawamoto K, Ohta K. Dysfunction of the proteoglycan Tsukushi causes hydrocephalus through altered neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/587/eaay7896. [PMID: 33790026 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lateral ventricle (LV) is flanked by the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neural stem cell (NSC) niche rich in extrinsic growth factors regulating NSC maintenance, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. Dysregulation of the SVZ niche causes LV expansion, a condition known as hydrocephalus; however, the underlying pathological mechanisms are unclear. We show that deficiency of the proteoglycan Tsukushi (TSK) in ependymal cells at the LV surface and in the cerebrospinal fluid results in hydrocephalus with neurodevelopmental disorder-like symptoms in mice. These symptoms are accompanied by altered differentiation and survival of the NSC lineage, disrupted ependymal structure, and dysregulated Wnt signaling. Multiple TSK variants found in patients with hydrocephalus exhibit reduced physiological activity in mice in vivo and in vitro. Administration of wild-type TSK protein or Wnt antagonists, but not of hydrocephalus-related TSK variants, in the LV of TSK knockout mice prevented hydrocephalus and preserved SVZ neurogenesis. These observations suggest that TSK plays a crucial role as a niche molecule modulating the fate of SVZ NSCs and point to TSK as a candidate for the diagnosis and therapy of hydrocephalus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Asrafuzzaman Riyadh
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of System Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoensaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-cho, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirota
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Jun Hatakeyama
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Felemban Athary Abdulhaleem M
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimamura
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of System Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. .,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Doney E, Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Lebel M, Menard C. Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2851-2894. [PMID: 33876886 PMCID: PMC9290537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs. resilience, and emotion‐related memory encoding. Prevalence of stress and mood disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and post‐traumatic stress disorder is increasing in our modern societies. Unfortunately, 30%–50% of individuals respond poorly to currently available treatments highlighting the need to further investigate emotion‐related biology to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Here, we provide an overview of inflammation‐related mechanisms involved in mood regulation and stress responses discovered using animal models. If clinical studies are available, we discuss translational value of these findings including limitations. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and maladaptive stress responses have been receiving increasing attention, and thus, the first part is centered on inflammation and dysregulation of brain and circulating cytokines in stress and mood disorders. Next, recent studies supporting a role for inflammation‐driven leakiness of the blood–brain and gut barriers in emotion regulation and mood are highlighted. Stress‐induced exacerbated inflammation fragilizes these barriers which become hyperpermeable through loss of integrity and altered biology. At the gut level, this could be associated with dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, and alteration of the gut–brain axis which is central to production of mood‐related neurotransmitter serotonin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti‐inflammatory drugs, the fast‐acting antidepressant ketamine, and probiotics could directly act on the mechanisms described here improving mood disorder‐associated symptomatology. Discovery of biomarkers has been a challenging quest in psychiatry, and we end by listing promising targets worth further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aslamkhan AG, Xu Q, Loughlin A, Vu H, Pacchione S, Bhatt B, Garfinkel I, Styring TG, LaFranco-Scheuch L, Pearson K, Reynolds S, Li N, Zhou H, Miller JR, Solban N, Bass A, Glaab WE. Characterization of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase, and Ido1/Tdo2 knockout mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115216. [PMID: 32871117 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) degrade tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), and these enzymes have promise as therapeutic targets. A comprehensive characterization of potential safety liabilities of IDO1 and TDO2 inhibitors using knockout (KO) mice has not been assessed, nor has the dual Ido1/Tdo2 KO been reported. Here we characterized male and female mice with KOs for Ido1, Tdo2, and Ido1/Tdo2 and compared findings to the wild type (WT) mouse strain, evaluated for 14 days, using metabolomics, transcriptional profiling, behavioral analysis, spleen immunophenotyping, comprehensive histopathological analysis, and serum clinical chemistry. Multiple metabolomic changes were seen in KO mice. For catabolism of Trp to Kyn and anthranilic acid, both substrates were decreased in liver of Tdo2 and dual KO mice. Metabolism of Trp to serotonin and its metabolites resulted in an increase in 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in the Tdo2 and dual KO mice. Ido1 and dual KO mice displayed a Kyn reduction in plasma but not in liver. Nicotinamide synthesis and conversion of glucose to lactic acid were not impacted. A slight decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase was seen in all KOs, and small changes in liver gene expression of genes unrelated to tryptophan metabolism were observed. Regarding other parameters, no genotype-specific changes were observed. In summary, this work shows metabolomic pathway changes for metabolites downstream of tryptophan in these KO mice, and suggests that inhibition of the IDO1 and TDO2 enzymes would be well tolerated whether inhibited individually or in combination since no safety liabilities were uncovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy G Aslamkhan
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA; 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP45-313; West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Qiuwei Xu
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Amy Loughlin
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Heather Vu
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Pacchione
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Bhavana Bhatt
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Ivy Garfinkel
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Tara Grady Styring
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Lisa LaFranco-Scheuch
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Kara Pearson
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Spencer Reynolds
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Nianyu Li
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Heather Zhou
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Solban
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Bass
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee R, Lee NE, Choi SH, Nam SM, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Effects of gintonin-enriched fraction on hippocampal gene expressions. Integr Med Res 2020; 10:100475. [PMID: 33134079 PMCID: PMC7588706 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, gintonin and gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) have been isolated from ginseng, a herbal medicine. Gintonin induces [Ca2+]i transition in cultured hippocampal neurons and stimulates acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of GEF is linked to hippocampus-dependent cognitive enhancement and other neuroprotective effects; however, effects of its long-term administration on hippocampal gene expression remains unknown. Here, we used next-generation sequence (NGS) analysis to examine changes in hippocampal gene expressions after long-term oral administration of GEF. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control group, GEF50 (GEF 50 mg/kg, p.o.), and GEF100 (GEF 100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 22 days, total RNA was extracted from mouse hippocampal tissues. NGS was used for gene expression profiling; quantitative-real-time PCR and western blot were performed to quantify the changes in specific genes and to confirm the protein expression levels in treatment groups. Results NGS analysis screened a total of 23,282 genes, analyzing 11-related categories. We focused on the neurogenesis category, which includes four genes for candidate markers: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene, β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) gene, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (Crh) gene, and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2) gene. Real-time PCR showed a marked overexpression of ChAT, Adrb3, and Crh genes, while reduced expression of Tdo2. Western blot analysis also confirmed increased ChAT and decreased Tdo2 protein levels. Conclusion We found that GEF affects mouse hippocampal gene expressions, associated with memory, cognitive, anti-stress and anti-anxiety functions, and neurodegeneration at differential degree, that might explain the genetic bases of GEF-mediated neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuro Psychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ohgomori T, Jinno S. Modulation of neuropathology and cognitive deficits by lipopolysaccharide preconditioning in a mouse pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108227. [PMID: 32634527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that microglia may play a critical role in epileptogenesis during the early post-status epilepticus (SE) period. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of preconditioning of microglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in a mouse pilocarpine model of SE. Mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of LPS 24 h before SE induction. The open field test at 13 days after SE showed that LPS preconditioning suppressed SE-induced hyperactivity. The Y-maze test at 14 days after SE showed that LPS preconditioning ameliorated SE-induced working memory impairment. The extent of neuronal damage was decreased by LPS preconditioning in the hippocampus of mice euthanized at 15 days after SE. Gene profile analysis of hippocampal microglia at 15 days after SE showed that the expression level of interleukin-1β was increased by SE induction but decreased by LPS preconditioning. By contrast, SE induction increased the expression levels of phagocytosis-related genes, and LPS preconditioning further enhanced their expression. Interestingly, LPS preconditioning increased the numerical density of hippocampal microglia expressing the 5D4 keratan sulfate epitope, a population of cells known to be involved in phagocytosis. The voxel density of glutamatergic synapses was increased by SE induction but decreased by LPS preconditioning, while GABAergic synapses were not affected by these procedures. Our findings indicate that LPS preconditioning may in part alleviate SE-related abnormal synaptogenesis and cognitive deficits, and also suggest that modulation of microglial activation during the early post-SE period may be a novel strategy for epilepsy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ohgomori
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, 597-0104, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Giacomini AC, Piassetta AS, Genario R, Bonan CD, Piato A, Barcellos LJ, de Abreu MS. Tryptophan alleviates neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
15
|
Nakajima R, Takao K, Hattori S, Shoji H, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN, Miyakawa T. Comprehensive behavioral analysis of heterozygous Syngap1 knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:223-237. [PMID: 31323176 PMCID: PMC7292322 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) regulates synaptic plasticity through AMPA receptor trafficking. SYNGAP1 mutations have been found in human patients with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Almost every individual with SYNGAP1-related ID develops epilepsy, and approximately 50% have ASD. SYNGAP1-related ID is estimated to account for at least 1% of ID cases. In mouse models with Syngap1 mutations, strong cognitive and affective dysfunctions have been reported, yet some findings are inconsistent across studies. To further understand the behavioral significance of the SYNGAP1 gene, we assessed various domains of behavior in Syngap1 heterozygous mutant mice using a behavioral test battery. METHODS Male mice with a heterozygous mutation in the Syngap1 gene (Syngap1-/+ mice) created by Seth Grant's group were subjected to a battery of comprehensive behavioral tests, which examined general health, and neurological screens, rotarod, hot plate, open field, light/dark transition, elevated plus maze, social interaction, prepulse inhibition, Porsolt forced swim, tail suspension, gait analysis, T-maze, Y-maze, Barnes maze, contextual and cued fear conditioning, and home cage locomotor activity. To control for type I errors due to multiple-hypothesis testing, P-values below the false discovery rate calculated by the Benjamini-Hochberg method were considered as study-wide statistically significant. RESULTS Syngap1-/+ mice showed increased locomotor activity, decreased prepulse inhibition, and impaired working and reference spatial memory, consistent with preceding studies. Impairment of context fear memory and increased startle reflex in Syngap1 mutant mice could not be reproduced. Significant decreases in sensitivity to painful stimuli and impaired motor function were observed in Syngap1-/+ mice. Decreased anxiety-like behavior and depression-like behavior were noted, although increased locomotor activity is a potential confounding factor of these phenotypes. Increased home cage locomotor activity indicated hyperlocomotor activity not only in specific behavioral test conditions but also in familiar environments. CONCLUSION In Syngap1-/+ mice, we could reproduce most of the previously reported cognitive and emotional deficits. The decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli and impaired motor function that we found in Syngap1-/+ mice are consistent with the common characteristics of patients with SYNGAP-related ID. We further confirmed that the Syngap1 heterozygote mouse recapitulates the symptoms of ID and ASD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nakajima
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Division of Animal Resources and Development, Life Science Research CenterUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of BehaviorNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Noboru H. Komiyama
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome & Intellectual DisabilitiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Seth G. N. Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of BehaviorNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The ‘Yin’ and the ‘Yang’ of the kynurenine pathway: excitotoxicity and neuroprotection imbalance in stress-induced disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:163-186. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Koshimizu H, Hirata N, Takao K, Toyama K, Ichinose T, Furuya S, Miyakawa T. Comprehensive behavioral analysis and quantification of brain free amino acids of C57BL/6J congenic mice carrying the 1473G allele in tryptophan hydroxylase-2. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 39:56-60. [PMID: 30472790 PMCID: PMC7292325 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) is a rate‐limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, serotonin). Previous studies have reported that C1473G polymorphism of the murine Tph2 gene leads to decreased 5‐HT levels in the brain and abnormal behavioral phenotypes, such as impaired anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors. In this study, to confirm the effect of the C1473G polymorphism on mouse phenotypes, we conducted a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests and measured the amounts of brain free amino acids involved in the production of 5‐HT. Methods We obtained C57BL/6J congenic mice that were homozygous for the 1473G allele of Tph2 (1473G) and subjected them and their wild‐type littermates (1473C) to a battery of behavioral tests. Using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured the amounts of free amino acids in the 5‐HT and epinephrine synthetic/metabolic pathways in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and midbrain. Results We failed to detect significant differences between genotypes in depression‐like behaviors, anxiety‐like behaviors, social behaviors, sensorimotor gaiting, or learning and memory, while 1473G mice exhibited a nominally significant impairment in gait analysis, which failed to reach study‐wide significance. In the HPLC analysis, there were no significant differences in the amounts of 5‐HT, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and midbrain. Conclusion Our findings do not support the idea that congenic C57BL/6J mice carrying the 1473G allele may represent an animal model of mood disorder under normal conditions without stress. We assessed the behavioral and biochemical phenotypes of congenic C57BL/6J mice carrying the 1473G allele and failed to identify significant differences between the 1473G allele‐carrying mice and their wild‐type littermates. Thus, our findings do not support the use of 1473G allele‐carrying C57BL/6J mice as an animal model of mood disorder under normal conditions without stress.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Koshimizu
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nao Hirata
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keiko Toyama
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichinose
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirata N, Hattori S, Shoji H, Funakoshi H, Miyakawa T. Comprehensive behavioral analysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 38:133-144. [PMID: 30175526 PMCID: PMC7292290 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) metabolizes the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine derivatives, which are involved in neural activity via the kynurenine pathway (KP). IDO1 is an initial rate-limiting enzyme in the KP and is activated by stress and/or inflammation. The perturbation of IDO1 activity, which causes KP imbalance, is associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders. It has been reported that wild-type (WT) mice under inflammatory conditions show increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased novel object recognition, whereas Ido1 knockout (KO) mice do not display these behaviors. However, the behavioral phenotypes of Ido1 KO mice have not yet been fully examined under non-inflammatory conditions. METHODS We subjected Ido1 KO mice to a comprehensive behavioral test battery under normal conditions. RESULTS Ido1 KO mice and WT mice showed similar locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, social behavior, depression-like behavior, and fear memory. In the T-maze test, Ido1 KO mice exhibited weak but nominally significant impairment in the working memory task of the T-maze, but this result failed to reach study-wide significance. CONCLUSIONS Ido1 KO mice did not show any clear behavioral abnormalities under normal conditions. Further studies may be necessary to investigate their behavioral phenotype under inflammatory conditions due to their known roles in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hirata
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Department of Advanced Medical ScienceAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Genetic Engineering and Functional Genomics GroupGraduate School of MedicineFrontier Technology CenterKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Genetic Analysis of BehaviorNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hattori S, Takao K, Funakoshi H, Miyakawa T. Comprehensive behavioral analysis of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2) knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 38:52-60. [PMID: 30106261 PMCID: PMC7292271 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) is an initial rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. The Trp-degrading enzymes, TDO2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, are activated by stress and/or inflammation. Dysregulation of Trp metabolism, which causes shifts in the balance between Kyn and serotonin (5-HT) pathways, is associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders. In genetic studies, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the TDO2 gene were shown to be involved in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression. It has been reported that targeted deletion of the Tdo2 gene in mice resulted in reduced anxiety-like behavior, enhanced exploratory activity and cognitive performance, and increased levels of Trp and 5-HT in the hippocampus and midbrain. However, the effect of Tdo2 gene deletion on behavioral phenotypes has not yet been investigated extensively. MATERIALS & METHODS We conducted tests to further examine the behavioral effects of knockout (KO) of Tdo2 in mice. RESULTS Deletion of Tdo2 resulted in seemingly lower anxiety-like behavior, higher locomotor activity, and abnormal gait pattern in mice, though none of them reached study-wide statistical significance. Tdo2 deficiency had no significant effects on other behaviors, such as prepulse inhibition, and depression-like and social behaviors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION He lack of clear phenotypes in Tdo2KO mice in this study might be due to the absence of stress and inflammatory conditions, which could induce expression of Tdo2 mRNA. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the roles of Tdo2 in behavioral phenotypes related to psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Division of Animal Resources and Development, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Genetic Engineering and Functional Genomics Group, Frontier Technology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Genetic Engineering and Functional Genomics Group, Frontier Technology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|