1
|
Upton TJ, Zavala E, Methlie P, Kämpe O, Tsagarakis S, Øksnes M, Bensing S, Vassiliadi DA, Grytaas MA, Botusan IR, Ueland G, Berinder K, Simunkova K, Balomenaki M, Margaritopoulos D, Henne N, Crossley R, Russell G, Husebye ES, Lightman SL. High-resolution daily profiles of tissue adrenal steroids by portable automated collection. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg8464. [PMID: 37343084 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhythms are intrinsic to endocrine systems, and disruption of these hormone oscillations occurs at very early stages of the disease. Because adrenal hormones are secreted with both circadian and ultradian periods, conventional single-time point measurements provide limited information about rhythmicity and, crucially, do not provide information during sleep, when many hormones fluctuate from nadir to peak concentrations. If blood sampling is attempted overnight, then this necessitates admission to a clinical research unit, can be stressful, and disturbs sleep. To overcome this problem and to measure free hormones within their target tissues, we used microdialysis, an ambulatory fraction collector, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to obtain high-resolution profiles of tissue adrenal steroids over 24 hours in 214 healthy volunteers. For validation, we compared tissue against plasma measurements in a further seven healthy volunteers. Sample collection from subcutaneous tissue was safe, well tolerated, and allowed most normal activities to continue. In addition to cortisol, we identified daily and ultradian variation in free cortisone, corticosterone, 18-hydroxycortisol, aldosterone, tetrahydrocortisol and allo-tetrahydrocortisol, and the presence of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. We used mathematical and computational methods to quantify the interindividual variability of hormones at different times of the day and develop "dynamic markers" of normality in healthy individuals stratified by sex, age, and body mass index. Our results provide insight into the dynamics of adrenal steroids in tissue in real-world settings and may serve as a normative reference for biomarkers of endocrine disorders (ULTRADIAN, NCT02934399).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Upton
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Eder Zavala
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paal Methlie
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marianne Øksnes
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marianne A Grytaas
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Ileana R Botusan
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grethe Ueland
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Katarina Berinder
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katerina Simunkova
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Maria Balomenaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | | | - Nina Henne
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | | | - Georgina Russell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akalestou E, Lopez-Noriega L, Christakis I, Hu M, Miras AD, Leclerc I, Rutter GA. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy normalizes circulating glucocorticoid levels and lowers glucocorticoid action tissue-selectively in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1020576. [PMID: 36246869 PMCID: PMC9556837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex are essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Glucocorticoid activation is catalysed by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1). Excess glucocorticoids are associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. A small number of studies have demonstrated effects on glucocorticoid metabolism of bariatric surgery, a group of gastrointestinal procedures known to improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, which were assumed to result from weight loss. In this study, we hypothesize that a reduction in glucocorticoid action following bariatric surgery contributes to the widely observed euglycemic effects of the treatment. Methods Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed at ten weeks post operatively and circulating corticosterone was measured. Liver and adipose tissues were harvested from fed mice and 11β-HSD1 levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR or Western (immuno-) blotting, respectively. 11β-HSD1 null mice (Hsd11b1 -/-) were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Wild type and littermate Hsd11b1 -/- mice underwent Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) or sham surgery. Results Under the conditions used, no differences in weight loss were observed between VSG treated and sham operated mice. However, both lean and obese WT VSG mice displayed significantly improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity. Remarkably, VSG restored physiological corticosterone production in HFD mice and reduced 11β-HSD1 expression in liver and adipose tissue post-surgery. Elimination of the 11β-HSD1/Hsd11b1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 mimicked the effects of VSG on body weight and tolerance to 1g/kg glucose challenge. However, at higher glucose loads, the euglycemic effect of VSG was superior to Hsd11b1 elimination. Conclusions Bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity and reduces glucocorticoid activation at the tissular level, under physiological and pathophysiological (obesity) conditions, irrespective of weight loss. These findings point towards a physiologically relevant gut-glucocorticoid axis, and suggest that lowered glucocorticoid exposure may represent an additional contribution to the health benefits of bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Akalestou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Livia Lopez-Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Christakis
- Endocrine and General Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D. Miras
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre de Recherches du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre de Recherches du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bini J, Norcross M, Cheung M, Duffy A. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Bariatric Surgery Research: a Review. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4592-4606. [PMID: 34304378 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, initially understood as restricting or bypassing the amount of food that reaches the stomach to reduce food intake and/or increase malabsorption of food to promote weight loss, is now recognized to also affect incretin signaling in the gut and promote improvements in system-wide metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique whereby patients are injected with picomolar concentrations of radioactive molecules, below the threshold of having physiological effects, to measure spatial distributions of blood flow, metabolism, receptor, and enzyme pharmacology. Recent advances in both whole-body PET imaging and radioligand development will allow for novel research that may help clarify the roles of peripheral and central receptor/enzyme systems in treating obesity with bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Maija Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Duffy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dankel SN, Grytten E, Bjune JI, Nielsen HJ, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Sagen JV, Mellgren G. COL6A3 expression in adipose tissue cells is associated with levels of the homeobox transcription factor PRRX1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20164. [PMID: 33214660 PMCID: PMC7678848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen COL6α3 in adipose tissue has been associated with obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and cancer. We here aimed to identify novel transcriptional regulators of COL6A3 expression. Based on a transcriptome dataset of adipose tissue, we identified strong correlations for 56 genes with COL6A3 mRNA, including targets of TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Among the identified candidates, the homeobox transcription factor PRRX1 showed a particularly striking co-expression with COL6A3, validated across several different cohorts, including patients with extreme obesity, insulin sensitive and resistant obesity (subcutaneous and omental), after profound fat loss (subcutaneous), and lean controls (subcutaneous). In human and mouse adipose cells, PRRX1 knockdown reduced COL6A3 mRNA and PRRX1 overexpression transactivated a reporter construct with the endogenous human COL6A3 promoter. Stable PRRX1 overexpression in 3T3-L1 cells induced Col6a3 mRNA threefold specifically after adipogenic induction, whereas TGF-β1 treatment upregulated Col6a3 mRNA also in the preadipocyte state. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory stimulus (i.e., TNF-α treatment) decreased PRRX1-mediated Col6a3 transactivation and mRNA expression, supporting a role for this mechanism in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation. In conclusion, we identified the homeobox factor PRRX1 as a novel transcriptional regulator associated with COL6A3 expression, providing new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of altered adipose tissue function in obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elise Grytten
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan-Inge Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Laforest S, Pelletier M, Denver N, Poirier B, Nguyen S, Walker BR, Durocher F, Homer NZM, Diorio C, Andrew R, Tchernof A. Estrogens and Glucocorticoids in Mammary Adipose Tissue: Relationships with Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5680713. [PMID: 31853538 PMCID: PMC7065843 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue is an important site for extragonadal steroid hormone biosynthesis through the expression and activity of P450 aromatase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1, and 17β-HSDs. The contribution of steroid hormones produced by adjacent adipose tissue for the progression and survival of breast tumors is unknown. OBJECTIVE To quantify estrogens (estradiol, estrone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone) in breast adipose tissue from both healthy and diseased women and their relationships with adiposity indices and breast cancer prognostic markers. DESIGN AND SETTING Breast adipose tissue was collected at time of surgery. PATIENTS Pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing partial mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer (n = 17) or reduction mammoplasty (n = 6) were studied. INTERVENTIONS Relative estrogen and glucocorticoid amounts were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The targeted steroids were reliably detected and quantified in mammary adipose tissues. Women with ER+/PR+ tumor had higher relative estradiol amount than women with ER-/PR- tumor (P < .05). The ratio of estradiol-to-estrone was higher in lean women than in women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P < .05). Mixed-model analyses showed that estradiol, cortisone, and cortisol were negatively associated with tumor size (P < .05). Relationships between glucocorticoids and tumor size remained significant after adjustment for BMI. The cortisol-to-cortisone ratio was negatively associated with tumor stage (P < .05) independently of BMI. CONCLUSIONS We reliably quantified estrogens and glucocorticoids in breast adipose tissue from healthy women and women suffering from breast cancer. Our findings suggest that smaller breast tumors are associated with higher relative amounts of estradiol and cortisol in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Laforest
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nina Denver
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brigitte Poirier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Nguyen
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian R Walker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francine Durocher
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - André Tchernof
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: André Tchernof, PhD, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Y4212, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akalestou E, Genser L, Rutter GA. Glucocorticoid Metabolism in Obesity and Following Weight Loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:59. [PMID: 32153504 PMCID: PMC7045057 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex and are essential for the maintenance of various metabolic and homeostatic functions. Their function is regulated at the tissue level by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and they signal through the glucocorticoid receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Clinical observations have linked excess glucocorticoid levels with profound metabolic disturbances of intermediate metabolism resulting in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. In this review, we discuss the physiological mechanisms of glucocorticoid secretion, regulation and function, and survey the metabolic consequences of excess glucocorticoid action resulting from elevated release and activation or up-regulated signaling. Finally, we summarize the reported impact of weight loss by diet, exercise, or bariatric surgery on circulating and tissue-specific glucocorticoid levels and examine the therapeutic possibility of reversing glucocorticoid-associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Akalestou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Genser
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Liver Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Guy A. Rutter
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dankel SN, Røst TH, Kulyté A, Fandalyuk Z, Skurk T, Hauner H, Sagen JV, Rydén M, Arner P, Mellgren G. The Rho GTPase RND3 regulates adipocyte lipolysis. Metabolism 2019; 101:153999. [PMID: 31672447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in diet- and obesity-related insulin resistance, with implications for several metabolic diseases. Identification of novel target genes and mechanisms that regulate adipocyte function could lead to improved treatment strategies. RND3 (RhoE/Rho8), a Rho-related GTP-binding protein that inhibits Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling, has been linked to diverse diseases such as apoptotic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cancer and type 2 diabetes, in part by regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and insulin-mediated glucose uptake. RESULTS We here investigated the expression of RND3 in adipose tissue in human obesity, and discovered a role for RND3 in regulating adipocyte metabolism. In cross-sectional and prospective studies, we observed 5-fold increased adipocyte levels of RND3 mRNA in obesity, reduced levels after surgery-induced weight loss, and positive correlations of RND3 mRNA with adipocyte size and surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR and circulating triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TAG/HDL-C) ratio). By screening for RND3-dependent gene expression following siRNA-mediated RND3 knockdown in differentiating human adipocytes, we found downregulation of inflammatory genes and upregulation of genes related to adipocyte ipolysis and insulin signaling. Treatment of adipocytes with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypoxia or cAMP analogs increased RND3 mRNA levels 1.5-2-fold. Functional assays in primary human adipocytes confirmed that RND3 knockdown reduces cAMP- and isoproterenol-induced lipolysis, which were mimicked by treating cells with ROCK inhibitor. This effect could partly be explained by reduced protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). CONCLUSION We here uncovered a novel differential expression of adipose RND3 in obesity and insulin resistance, which may at least partly depend on a causal effect of RND3 on adipocyte lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Therese H Røst
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94 Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zina Fandalyuk
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Else Kroener-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kroener-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; German Center of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94 Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94 Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laforest S, Pelletier M, Denver N, Poirier B, Nguyen S, Walker BR, Durocher F, Homer NZM, Diorio C, Tchernof A, Andrew R. Simultaneous quantification of estrogens and glucocorticoids in human adipose tissue by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105476. [PMID: 31561001 PMCID: PMC7099401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids as well as their receptors and steroid converting enzymes in adipose tissue has been established. Their contribution to diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hormone-dependent cancers is an active area of research. Our objective was to develop a LC-MS/MS method to quantify bioactive estrogens and glucocorticoids simultaneously in human adipose tissue. Estrogens and glucocorticoids were extracted from adipose tissue samples using solid-phase extraction. Estrogens were derivatized using 1-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-4-methylpiperazine (PPZ) and methyl iodide to generate a permanently charged molecule (MPPZ). Steroids were separated and quantified by LC-MS/MS. The limit of quantitation for the steroids was between 15 and 100 pg per sample. Accuracy and precision were acceptable (<20%). Using this method, estradiol, estrone, cortisone and cortisol were quantified in adipose tissue from women with and without breast cancer. This novel assay of estrogens and glucocorticoids by LC-MS/MS coupled with derivatization allowed simultaneous quantification of a panel of steroids in human adipose tissue across the endogenous range of concentrations encountered in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Laforest
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology Division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Quebec Heart Lung Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology Division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Quebec Heart Lung Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Nina Denver
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Poirier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Nguyen
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian R Walker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Francine Durocher
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology Division), School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Quebec Heart Lung Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bays HE, Jones PH, Jacobson TA, Cohen DE, Orringer CE, Kothari S, Azagury DE, Morton J, Nguyen NT, Westman EC, Horn DB, Scinta W, Primack C. Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: FULL REPORT. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:33-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
10
|
Bays HE, Jones PH, Jacobson TA, Cohen DE, Orringer CE, Kothari S, Azagury DE, Morton J, Nguyen NT, Westman EC, Horn DB, Scinta W, Primack C. Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:15-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review highlights recent investigations in the prior 18 months focusing on the role of dysregulated cortisol physiology in obesity as a potential modifiable mechanism in the pathogenesis of obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Given the clinical resemblance of obesity-related metabolic disorders with the Cushing's syndrome, new studies have investigated the intracellular regulation and metabolism of cortisol, new measurements of cortisol in scalp hair as a tool for long-term exposure to cortisol, and the cortisol-mineralocorticoid receptor pathway. Thus, current and future pharmacological interventions in obesity may include specific inhibition of steroidogenic and regulatory enzymes as well as antagonists of the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. SUMMARY The understanding of how adrenal function is challenged by the interplay of our genetic and environmental milieu has highlighted the importance of inappropriate cortisol regulation in cardiometabolic disorders. Increased adipose tissue in obesity is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overactivation, increased cortisol production at the local tissue level, and probably higher mineralocorticoid receptor activation in certain tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Baudrand
- Department of Endocrinology, School Of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Director of the Endocrine Hypertension and Adrenal Disease Program, School Of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
| | - Anand Vaidya
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|