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Toya H, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Yokoi S, Kurihara M, Mito M, Iwasaki S, Hirose T, Nakagawa S. The essential role of architectural noncoding RNA Neat1 in cold-induced beige adipocyte differentiation in mice. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 30:1011-1024. [PMID: 38692841 PMCID: PMC11251523 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079972.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Neat1 is an architectural RNA that provides the structural basis for nuclear bodies known as paraspeckles. Although the assembly processes by which Neat1 organizes paraspeckle components are well-documented, the physiological functions of Neat1 are not yet fully understood. This is partly because Neat1 knockout (KO) mice, lacking paraspeckles, do not exhibit overt phenotypes under normal laboratory conditions. During our search for conditions that elicit clear phenotypes in Neat1 KO mice, we discovered that the differentiation of beige adipocytes-inducible thermogenic cells that emerge upon cold exposure-is severely impaired in these mutant mice. Neat1_2, the architectural isoform of Neat1, is transiently upregulated during the early stages of beige adipocyte differentiation, coinciding with increased paraspeckle formation. Genes with altered expression during beige adipocyte differentiation typically cluster at specific chromosomal locations, some of which move closer to paraspeckles upon cold exposure. These observations suggest that paraspeckles might coordinate the regulation of these gene clusters by controlling the activity of certain transcriptional condensates that coregulate multiple genes. We propose that our findings highlight a potential role for Neat1 and paraspeckles in modulating chromosomal organization and gene expression, potentially crucial processes for the differentiation of beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Toya
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Saori Yokoi
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Misuzu Kurihara
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mari Mito
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- RNA Biofunction Laboratory, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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2
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Natarajan D, Plakkot B, Tiwari K, Ekambaram S, Wang W, Rudolph M, Mohammad MA, Chacko SK, Subramanian M, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Balasubramanian P. The metabolic benefits of thermogenic stimulation are preserved in aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601572. [PMID: 39005396 PMCID: PMC11244901 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Adipose thermogenesis has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for improving metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, its applicability to middle-aged and older populations, which bear the highest obesity prevalence in the US (approximately 40%), remains uncertain due to age-related decline in thermogenic responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic thermogenic stimulation using the β3-adrenergic (AR) agonist CL316,243 (CL) on systemic metabolism and adipose function in aged (18-month-old) C57BL/6JN mice. Sustained β3-AR treatment resulted in reduced fat mass, increased energy expenditure, increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in adipose depots, improved glucose homeostasis, and a favorable adipokine profile. At the cellular level, CL treatment increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, CL treatment increased glycerol and lipid de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and turnover suggesting the activation of the futile substrate cycle of lipolysis and reesterification in a UCP1-independent manner. Increased lipid turnover was also associated with the simultaneous upregulation of proteins involved in glycerol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and reesterification in WAT. Further, a dose-dependent impact of CL treatment on inflammation was observed, particularly in subcutaneous WAT, suggesting a potential mismatch between fatty acid supply and oxidation. These findings indicate that chronic β3-AR stimulation activates distinct cellular mechanisms that increase energy expenditure in BAT and WAT to improve systemic metabolism in aged mice. Our study provides foundational evidence for targeting adipose thermogenesis to improve age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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3
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Diaz A, Sang L, Garcia S, Wague A, Davies M, Youn A, Liu X, Feeley BT. Age-dependent decline of B3AR agonist-mediated activation of FAP UCP-1 expression in murine models of chronic rotator cuff repair. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38796742 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Amibegron, a β3-adrenergic receptor (B3AR) agonist, has recently been shown to provide therapeutic effects for chronic rotator cuff (RC) tears by inducing the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), a marker of brown fat, in fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs). However, it remains to be seen if these beneficial effects hold true with age and in older, more clinically relevant populations. This study seeks to understand the impacts of aging on the efficacy of amibegron to treat chronic RC tears. Young (4-month-old) and aged (33-month-old) C57BL/6 mice underwent a RC injury procedure with delayed repair (DR). Mice were equally randomized to receive amibegron or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatments after repair. Functional ability was measured at baseline and 6-weeks after DR. Wet muscle weight and histology of injured and contralateral supraspinatus were also analyzed 6-weeks post-DR. For in vitro histology and real-time quantitative PCR experiments, FAPs were isolated from young and aged mice via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Young and aged FAPs were treated with amibegron or DMSO either immediately after seeding (early exposure) or 8-days after seeding (late exposure). In vitro results showed that amibegron-mediated FAP UCP-1 expression decreases with age. In vivo data demonstrated that aged mice have a decreased responsiveness to amibegron and decreased propensity for intramuscular FAP UCP-1 expression. Further, delayed amibegron treatment with RC repair did not lead to improvements in muscle atrophy and functional outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that age and the timing of interventions play a critical role in FAP-targeted therapeutics for chronic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Diaz
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luke Sang
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven Garcia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aboubacar Wague
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Davies
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alex Youn
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco Veteran Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco Veteran Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Tarantini S, Subramanian M, Butcher JT, Yabluchanskiy A, Li X, Miller RA, Balasubramanian P. Revisiting adipose thermogenesis for delaying aging and age-related diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101912. [PMID: 36924940 PMCID: PMC10164698 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue undergoes significant changes in structure, composition, and function with age including altered adipokine secretion, decreased adipogenesis, altered immune cell profile and increased inflammation. Considering the role of adipose tissue in whole-body energy homeostasis, age-related dysfunction in adipose metabolism could potentially contribute to an increased risk for metabolic diseases and accelerate the onset of other age-related diseases. Increasing cellular energy expenditure in adipose tissue, also referred to as thermogenesis, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve adipose metabolism and treat obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, translating this strategy to the aged population comes with several challenges such as decreased thermogenic response and the paucity of safe pharmacological agents to activate thermogenesis. This mini-review aims to discuss the current body of knowledge on aging and thermogenesis and highlight the unexplored opportunities (cellular mechanisms and secreted factors) to target thermogenic mechanisms for delaying aging and age-related diseases. Finally, we also discuss the emerging role of thermogenic adipocytes in healthspan and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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5
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Chen YR, Xiao F, Tang HN, Wang T, Zhou YH, Iqbal J, Yang SB, Li L, Zhou H. Plasticity of adipose tissues in response to fasting and refeeding declines with aging in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204734. [PMID: 37227808 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To explore the plasticity of adipose tissues, C57BL/6J mice at the age of 1 month, 3 months, and 15 months corresponding to adolescence, adulthood, and middle-aged transitional period, respectively, were fasted and refed subsequently at different times. Body adipose tissues ratio (BATR) was calculated, the morphology of adipose tissue and the area of adipocytes were observed by histological analysis, and the mitochondria in adipocytes were observed under the transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, the expression levels of Ucp-1, Cidea, Cox7a1, Cpt-1m, Atgl, and Hsl were detected by qRT-PCR. Our results showed a significant increase in the adipocytes area and body visceral adipose tissue (VAT) ratio in all groups of mice with aging. Moreover, body mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) ratio decreased the most after 72 h fasting. In the middle-aged transitional mice, the white adipocytes did not decrease until 72 h fasting, and most of them still appeared as unaffected unilocular cells. Besides, the number of mitochondria and the expression of Ucp-1, Cidea, Cox7a1, Cpt-1m, Atgl and Hsl were lower in these mice. After 72h refeeding, the body subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) ratio returned to normal, while the VAT kept decreasing. The above results indicated an impairment in adipose tissue plasticity in mice with aging, suggesting that age modulated the metabolic adaptiveness of adipose tissues in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fen Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Neng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shui-Bing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Long Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Houde Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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6
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Lund J, Breum AW, Gil C, Falk S, Sass F, Isidor MS, Dmytriyeva O, Ranea-Robles P, Mathiesen CV, Basse AL, Johansen OS, Fadahunsi N, Lund C, Nicolaisen TS, Klein AB, Ma T, Emanuelli B, Kleinert M, Sørensen CM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Clemmensen C. The anorectic and thermogenic effects of pharmacological lactate in male mice are confounded by treatment osmolarity and co-administered counterions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:677-698. [PMID: 37055619 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is a circulating metabolite and a signalling molecule with pleiotropic physiological effects. Studies suggest that lactate modulates energy balance by lowering food intake, inducing adipose browning and increasing whole-body thermogenesis. Yet, like many other metabolites, lactate is often commercially produced as a counterion-bound salt and typically administered in vivo through hypertonic aqueous solutions of sodium L-lactate. Most studies have not controlled for injection osmolarity and the co-injected sodium ions. Here, we show that the anorectic and thermogenic effects of exogenous sodium L-lactate in male mice are confounded by the hypertonicity of the injected solutions. Our data reveal that this is in contrast to the antiobesity effect of orally administered disodium succinate, which is uncoupled from these confounders. Further, our studies with other counterions indicate that counterions can have confounding effects beyond lactate pharmacology. Together, these findings underscore the importance of controlling for osmotic load and counterions in metabolite research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alberte Wollesen Breum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cláudia Gil
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Falk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederike Sass
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Linde Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicole Fadahunsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Sand Nicolaisen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bue Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y. Thermogenic Brown Fat in Humans: Implications in Energy Homeostasis, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e26. [PMID: 36792089 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals including humans, there are two types of adipose tissue, white and brown adipose tissues (BATs). White adipose tissue is the primary site of energy storage, while BAT is a specialized tissue for non-shivering thermogenesis to dissipate energy as heat. Although BAT research has long been limited mostly in small rodents, the rediscovery of metabolically active BAT in adult humans has dramatically promoted the translational studies on BAT in health and diseases. It is now established that BAT, through its thermogenic and energy dissipating activities, plays a role in the regulation of body temperature, whole-body energy expenditure, and body fatness. Moreover, increasing evidence has demonstrated that BAT secretes various paracrine and endocrine factors, which influence other peripheral tissues and control systemic metabolic homeostasis, suggesting BAT as a metabolic regulator, other than for thermogenesis. In fact, clinical studies have revealed an association of BAT not only with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver, but also with cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Thus, BAT is an intriguing tissue combating obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on human BAT, focusing its patho-physiological roles in energy homeostasis, obesity and related metabolic disorders. The effects of aging and sex on BAT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Age and Sex: Impact on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111563. [PMID: 34474078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age associated chronic inflammation is a major contributor to diseases with advancing age. Adipose tissue function is at the nexus of processes contributing to age-related metabolic disease and mediating longevity. Hormonal fluctuations in aging potentially regulate age-associated visceral adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity in aging is linked to aberrant adipogenesis, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity and altered adipokine secretion. Age-related inflammatory phenomena depict sex differences in macrophage polarization, changes in T and B cell numbers, and types of dendritic cells. Sex differences are also observed in adipose tissue remodeling and cellular senescence suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the regulation of the adipose tissue microenvironment. It is crucial to investigate sex differences in aging clinical outcomes to identify and better understand physiology in at-risk individuals. Early interventions aimed at targets involved in adipose tissue adipogenesis, remodeling and inflammation in aging could facilitate a profound impact on health span and overcome age-related functional decline.
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9
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Improved Therapeutic Efficiency against Obesity through Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Microneedle Arrays. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060827. [PMID: 34199630 PMCID: PMC8226838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we prepared patches that were composed of a degradable microneedle (MN) array with a soft backing provided for the skin tissue. We then performed a transdermal delivery of anti-obesity drugs to evaluate the effectiveness of β3 adrenergic receptor CL316243 in obesity treatment in overweight mice induced by a high-fat diet. Eighty male National Institutes of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into four obese groups or the control group. The obesity groups were given a high-fat diet for 15-18 weeks to establish an obese model. Afterward, the obese groups were divided into the following four groups: the control group, the unloaded MN group, the CL-316243 MN group, and the injection group. For the injection group, the group of mice was injected subcutaneously with CL316243 (1 mg/(kg·day)) for 15 days. Furthermore, the CL-316243 MN group was given a lower dose (0.1 mg/(kg·day)) for 15 days. After weighing the mice, we used Western blotting to detect the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the adipose tissue around the mouse viscera. The results stated that the weight of the CL-316243 MN group and the injection group dropped, and the UCP1 protein expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) significantly increased. The results demonstrated the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 could be carried into the body through MN, and the dose applied was considerably smaller than the injection dose. The reason for this may arise from the CL-316243 being delivered by MN arrays to subcutaneous adipose tissue more efficiently, with an even distribution, compared to that of the injection dose. This technique provides a new and feasible way to treat obesity more effectively.
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10
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Park J, Shin S, Liu L, Jahan I, Ong SG, Xu P, Berry DC, Jiang Y. Progenitor-like characteristics in a subgroup of UCP1+ cells within white adipose tissue. Dev Cell 2021; 56:985-999.e4. [PMID: 33711247 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic beige fat found in white adipose tissue is a potential therapeutic target to curb the global obesity and diabetes epidemic. However, these inducible thermogenic beige adipocytes have been thought to be short-lived and to rapidly convert to "white-like" adipocytes after discontinuing stimuli. In this study, using effective labeling techniques and genetic mouse tools, we demonstrate that a subset of UCP1+ cells that exist within white adipose tissue are able to self-divide and contribute to new beige adipocyte recruitment in response to β3 stimuli. When these cells are depleted or their adipogenic capability is blocked, β3-induced beige adipocyte formation is impaired. We also identify a cell-cycle machinery of p21 and CDKN2A as a molecular basis of beige adipocyte regulation. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of beige adipocyte regulation and potential therapeutic opportunities to induce the beige phenotype and treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooman Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sunhye Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Iffat Jahan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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11
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Li Y, Liu W, Xu ZZ, Xiao JX, Zong AZ, Qiu B, Jia M, Liu LN, Xu TC. Research on the mechanism of microwave-toughened starch on glucolipid metabolism in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:9789-9800. [PMID: 33079126 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potato resistant starch (RS) was prepared by microwave-toughening treatment (MTT). This study investigated the beneficial effects of RS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6J mice by evaluating changes in the gut microbiota. The mice were fed low-fat diet with corn starch, HFD with corn starch, HFD with potato starch (HFP), or HFD with RS (HFR) for 6 weeks. The results showed that the HFR group had lower body weight and total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the HFP group. Moreover, the brown adipose tissue levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were increased. Our results showed that RS supplementation increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing Allobaculum, Ruminococcus, and Blautia. Our data suggest that RS prepared by MTT may be used as a prebiotic agent to prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related chronic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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12
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Zhang JK, Miao J, Chen ZQ, Duan SZ, Zhang X, Ji WJ, Niu JM, Yuan F, Zhou X, Li YM, Zhang Z. β3-Adrenergic Activation Improves Maternal and Offspring Perinatal Outcomes in Diet-Induced Prepregnancy Obesity in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1482-1493. [PMID: 31328894 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prepregnancy obesity is an epidemic disorder that seriously threatens both maternal and offspring health. This study investigated the effects of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) activation on the perinatal outcomes in a diet-induced prepregnancy obese (PPO) murine model. METHODS Four-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet or chow diet for 16 weeks to yield PPO mice and chow-fed (CF) lean mice, respectively. After successful mating with CF males, the PPO and CF mice were both randomly divided into vehicle control- or CL316,243 (a highly selective β3-AR agonist)-treated groups. On gestational day 7, subcutaneous infusion of CL316,243 or saline vehicle (1 mg/kg/d) was provided using osmotic pumps. The perinatal outcomes, adipose tissue morphology, and metabolic and inflammatory markers were examined. RESULTS Chronic β3-AR agonist infusion induced brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue browning and countered obesity-induced alterations in lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and systemic and local inflammatory states. Moreover, β3-AR activation was associated with improved placental perfusion and offspring outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide proof-of-principle evidence that pharmacological β3-AR activation may be of therapeutic potential in preventing prepregnancy-obesity-associated adverse maternal and offspring perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kai Zhang
- Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zu-Qin Chen
- Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
- Department of MRI, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Si-Zhang Duan
- Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jie Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Min Niu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of MRI, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Shin W, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsuoka S, Tsubota A, Kimura K. Impaired adrenergic agonist-dependent beige adipocyte induction in obese mice. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:799-807. [PMID: 30956272 PMCID: PMC6612507 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes, which exist in brown adipose tissue (BAT), are activated by adrenergic
stimulation, depending on the activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Beige adipocytes
emerge from white adipose tissue (WAT) in response to chronic adrenergic stimulation. We
investigated obesity-related changes in responses of both types of adipocytes to
adrenergic stimulation in mice. Feeding of mice with high-fat diets (HFD: 45%-kcal fat)
for 14 weeks resulted in significantly higher body and WAT weight compared to feeding with
normal diets (ND: 10%-kcal fat). Injection with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist
CL316,243 (CL; 0.1 mg/kg, once a day) for one week elevated the mRNA and protein
expression levels of UCP1 in BAT, irrespective of diet. In WAT, CL-induced UCP1 expression
in ND mice; however, the responses to CL treatment were attenuated in HFD mice, indicating
that CL-induced browning of WAT was impaired in obese mice. Flow cytometric analysis
revealed a significant decrease in platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)
α-expressing beige adipocyte progenitors in WAT of HFD mice compared with those of ND
mice. Expression of PDGF-B, a PDGFRα ligand, increased in WAT following CL-injection in ND
mice, but not in HFD mice. Treatment of mice with a PDGFR inhibitor significantly
decreased CL-dependent UCP1 protein induction in WAT. Our study demonstrates that
β3-adrenergic stimulation-dependent beige adipocyte induction in WAT is impaired by
obesity in mice, potentially due to obesity-dependent reduction in the number of
PDGFRα-expressing progenitors and decreased PDGF-B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongchul Shin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Rodrigues AC, Leal TF, Costa AJLD, Silva FDJ, Soares LL, Brum PC, Hermsdorff HHM, Peluzio MDCG, Prímola-Gomes TN, Natali AJ. Effects of aerobic exercise on the inflammatory cytokine profile and expression of lipolytic and thermogenic genes in β 1-AR -/- mice adipose tissue. Life Sci 2019; 221:224-232. [PMID: 30771314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Investigate the effects of moderate continuous aerobic exercise (MCAE) on the inflammatory cytokine profile and expression of lipolytic and thermogenic genes in β1-AR-/- mice adipose tissue. MAIN METHODS Four- to five-month-old male wild type (WT) and β1-AR-/- mice were divided into groups: WT control (WTc) and trained (WTt); and β1-AR-/- control (β1-AR-/-c) and trained (β1-AR-/-t). Animals from trained groups were submitted to a MCAE regimen (60 min/day; 60% of maximal speed, 5 days/week) on a treadmill, for 8 weeks. After euthanasia, white epididymal (eWAT) and inguinal (iWAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues were dissected and used to determine: adiposity index; adipocyte histomorphometry; cytokine concentration; and gene expression. The content of fat, protein and water of the empty carcass was determined. KEY FINDINGS MCAE reduced body weight, fat mass as well as iWAT and BAT adipocyte area in β1-AR-/- animals. Aerobic exercise also diminished the concentrations of pro-inflammatory (IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in adipose tissue (iWAT, eWAT or BAT) of β1-AR-/- mice. However, MCAE had no effect on the expression lipolytic and thermogenic genes in β1-AR-/- mice adipose tissue. SIGNIFICANCE Alongside reductions in body weight, fat mass and adipocyte area eight weeks of MCAE improves the profile of inflammatory cytokines in β1-AR-/- mice adipose tissue, despite no change in Lipolytic and thermogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Corrêa Rodrigues
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Ferreira Leal
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yoneshiro T, Shin W, Machida K, Fukano K, Tsubota A, Chen Y, Yasui H, Inanami O, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Kimura K. Differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells toward thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue induced by the β3 adrenergic stimulation. FASEB J 2019; 33:5196-5207. [PMID: 30624970 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801757rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow provides progenitors of several types of cells, including muscle and white adipocytes, ensuring peripheral tissue homeostasis. However, the role of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) in induction of thermogenic adipocytes is unresolved. The purpose of this study is to examine whether BMCs are involved in the emergence of thermogenic adipocytes through adrenergic activation. Irradiation of mice with 8 Gy of X-ray-depleted BMCs and peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs), which in turn impaired induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) through administration of β3 adrenergic receptor agonist, CL 316,243 (CL), in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In contrast, CL-induced UCP1 induction in brown adipose tissue was unaffected by BMC depletion. Transplantation of normal BMCs into mice depleted of BMCs recovered PBMC levels and rescued the ability of iWAT browning by CL. Furthermore, analyses of mice transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled BMCs revealed that the number of GFP-positive BMCs and PBMCs were significantly decreased by CL and that GFP-positive stromal cells and GFP-positive UCP1-expressing multilocular adipocytes appeared in iWAT after CL administration, demonstrating differentiation of BMC-derived preadipocytes into UCP1-expressing thermogenic adipocytes. These results unveiled a crucial role of the BMC as a nonresident origin for a subset of thermogenic adipocytes, contributing to browning of white adipose tissue.-Yoneshiro, T., Shin, W., Machida, K., Fukano, K., Tsubota, A., Chen, Y., Yasui, H., Inanami, O., Okamatsu-Ogura, Y., Kimura, K. Differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells toward thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue induced by the β3 adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Woongchul Shin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Machida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Fukano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Machida K, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Shin W, Matsuoka S, Tsubota A, Kimura K. Role of macrophages in depot-dependent browning of white adipose tissue. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:601-608. [PMID: 28879502 PMCID: PMC10717386 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic stimulation induces beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), known as browning of WAT. In this study, exposure of mice to cold ambient temperature (10 °C) for 24 h induced the mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a marker for beige adipocytes, in inguinal WAT, but not in perigonadal WAT. Thus, we examined the role of macrophages in depot-dependent WAT browning in mice. Flowcytometric analysis showed that total number of macrophages was higher in perigonadal WAT than in inguinal WAT. Cold exposure failed to change the expression of macrophage marker genes in inguinal WAT; however, it increased the mRNA expression of CD11c and tumor necrosis factor-α in perigonadal WAT, indicating that proinflammatory M1 macrophage is activated. The removal of macrophages using clodronate significantly enhanced cold-induced UCP1 mRNA expression in perigonadal WAT. These results suggest that M1 macrophages are involved in the phenotype of perigonadal WAT that hardly undergo browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Machida
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Woongchul Shin
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuoka
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Corrales P, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gómez G. PPARs and Metabolic Disorders Associated with Challenged Adipose Tissue Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072124. [PMID: 30037087 PMCID: PMC6073677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of a family of nuclear hormone receptors that exert their transcriptional control on genes harboring PPAR-responsive regulatory elements (PPRE) in partnership with retinoid X receptors (RXR). The activation of PPARs coordinated by specific coactivators/repressors regulate networks of genes controlling diverse homeostatic processes involving inflammation, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance. Defects in PPARs have been linked to lipodystrophy, obesity, and insulin resistance as a result of the impairment of adipose tissue expandability and functionality. PPARs can act as lipid sensors, and when optimally activated, can rewire many of the metabolic pathways typically disrupted in obesity leading to an improvement of metabolic homeostasis. PPARs also contribute to the homeostasis of adipose tissue under challenging physiological circumstances, such as pregnancy and aging. Given their potential pathogenic role and their therapeutic potential, the benefits of PPARs activation should not only be considered relevant in the context of energy balance-associated pathologies and insulin resistance but also as potential relevant targets in the context of diabetic pregnancy and changes in body composition and metabolic stress associated with aging. Here, we review the rationale for the optimization of PPAR activation under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corrales
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
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Browning of white adipose tissue induced by the ß3 agonist CL-316,243 after local and systemic treatment - PK-PD relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2972-2982. [PMID: 29902549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of white adipose tissue (WAT) to a brown adipose tissue-like (BAT-like) phenotype has emerged as an attractive approach against obesity e.g. using g ß3 adrenergic receptor agonists. These could however, produce side-effects following systemic exposure. The present study explored the possibility of local use of CL-316,243 - a selective ß3 agonist - to circumvent this problem. Rats treated s.c. for 2 weeks (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) showed decreased inguinal fat pad (IFP) weight/volume, increased UCP-1 staining and expressed BAT-like features in H&E stained micrographs. Interscapular BAT increased in weight/volume. In contrast, local treatment into the IFP was not efficacious in terms of weight/volume, despite slight increases in UCP-1 staining and changes in histological features. After local treatment, the exposure of the IFP was lower than after systemic treatment. In turn higher local doses (0.5 and 5 mg/ml) were then tested which produced a strong trend for decreased volume of the IFP, a significant increase in UCP-1 staining, and also a decrease in adipocytes size but increased number. However, after this treatment the systemic exposure was in the same range as following systemic treatment. In conclusion, we saw no evidence for the possibility of converting inguinal WAT to a BAT-phenotype solely through local activation of ß3 receptors. This is in concert with our in vitro experiments which detected direct effects of PPARγ agonists at the gene/protein expression and functional level, but were unable to detect any effect of CL-316,243.
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Wollina U, Wetzker R, Abdel-Naser MB, Kruglikov IL. Role of adipose tissue in facial aging. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:2069-2076. [PMID: 29255352 PMCID: PMC5723114 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent modification of the facial subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) connected with reduction of its volume, modification of collagen content and adhesion between dermal and adipose layers can significantly influence mechanical stability of the skin and cause the development of aging symptoms such as wrinkles. Typical aging appearance in facial skin is at least partly connected with special phenotypical features of facial preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. In this paper, we have discussed the possible roles of local inflammation, compartmental structure of facial sWAT and trans-differentiation processes such as beiging of white adipocytes and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition in facial skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Nio-Kobayashi J, Nagaya K, Tsubota A, Kimura K. Brown adipocytes postnatally arise through both differentiation from progenitors and conversion from white adipocytes in Syrian hamster. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:99-108. [PMID: 28982944 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the postnatal development of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Syrian hamsters, we histologically examined interscapular fat tissue from 5-16-day-old pups, focusing on how brown adipocytes arise. Interscapular fat of 5-day-old hamsters mainly consisted of white adipocytes containing large unilocular lipid droplets, as observed in typical white adipose tissue (WAT). On day 7, clusters of small, proliferative nonadipocytes with a strong immunoreactivity for Ki67 appeared near the edge of the interscapular fat tissue. The area of the Ki67-positive regions expanded to ~50% of the total tissue area by day 10. The interscapular fat showed the typical BAT feature by day 16. A brown adipocyte-specific marker, uncoupling protein-1, was clearly detected on day 10 and thereafter, while not detected on day 7. During conversion of interscapular fat from WAT to BAT, unilocular adipocytes completely and rapidly disappeared without obvious apoptosis. Dual immunofluorescence staining for Ki67 and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), another selective marker for brown adipocytes, revealed that most of the proliferating cells were of the brown adipocyte lineage. Electron microscopic examination showed that some of the white adipocytes contained small lipid droplets in addition to the large droplet and expressed MCT1 as do progenitor and mature brown adipocytes, implying a direct conversion from white to brown adipocytes. These results suggest that BAT of Syrian hamsters develops postnatally through two different pathways: the proliferation and differentiation of brown adipocyte progenitors and the conversion of unilocular adipocytes to multilocular brown adipocytes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT, respectively) are quite different in morphological features and function; however, the boundary between these tissues is obscure. In this study, we histologically evaluated the process of BAT development in Syrian hamsters, which shows postnatal conversion of WAT to BAT. Our results suggest that brown adipocytes arise through two different pathways: the proliferation and differentiation of brown adipocyte progenitors and the conversion from white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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