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Tian L, Jarrah M, Herz H, Chu Y, Xu Y, Tang Y, Yuan J, Mokadem M. Toll-like Receptor 4 Differentially Modulates Cardiac Function in Response to Chronic Exposure to High-Fat Diet and Pressure Overload. Nutrients 2023; 15:5139. [PMID: 38140398 PMCID: PMC10747341 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The impact of myocardial stressors such as high-fat diet (HFD) and pressure overload has been extensively studied. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficiency has been suggested to have a protective role in response to these stressors, although some conflicting data exist. Furthermore, there is limited information about the role of TLR4 on cardiac remodeling in response to long-term exposure to stressors. This study aims to investigate the effects of TLR4 deficiency on cardiac histology and physiology in response to chronic stressors. METHODS TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to either HFD or a normal diet (ND) for 28 weeks. Another group underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or a sham procedure and was monitored for 12 weeks. Inflammatory markers, histology, and echocardiography were used to assess the effects of these interventions. RESULTS TLR4-/- mice exhibited reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after long-term HFD exposure compared to ND without affecting cardiac function. On the other hand, TLR4 deficiency worsened cardiac function in response to AAC, leading to decreased ejection fraction (EF%) and increased end-systolic volume (ESV). CONCLUSIONS TLR4 deficiency provided protection against HFD-induced myocardial inflammation but impaired hemodynamic cardiac function under pressure overload conditions. These findings highlight the crucial role of TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway in maintaining cardiac output during physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Mohammad Jarrah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Hussein Herz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Yi Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yiqun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Y.C.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Emmons H, Wallace C, Fordahl S. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α attenuate dopamine release in mice fed a high-fat diet, but not medium or low-fat diets. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:864-874. [PMID: 35900193 PMCID: PMC9883593 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with a state of diet-induced obesity that impacts systemic tissues and can cross the blood-brain barrier to act directly on the brain. The extent to which pro-inflammatory cytokines released in these conditions affect dopamine presynaptic neurotransmission has not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine how dopamine terminals are affected by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and to determine if dietary fat consumption potentiates cytokine effects on dopamine release and reuptake rate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed high, medium, or low-fat diets (60%, 30%, or 10% total kcals from fat, respectively) for six weeks. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was used to measure dopamine release and reuptake rate in the NAc core from ex vivo coronal brain slices. Electrically evoked dopamine release and the maximal rate of dopamine reuptake (Vmax) were significantly lower in mice fed the 30% and 60% high-fat diets compared to the 10% low-fat group (p < 0.05). IL-6 5 or 10 nM or TNFα 30 or 300 nM was added to artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) bathed over brain slices during FSCV. No effect on dopamine release or Vmax was observed with lower concentrations. However, 10 nM IL-6 and 300 nM TNFα significantly reduced dopamine release in the 60% fat group (p < 0.05). No effect of added cytokine was observed on Vmax. Overall, these data provide evidence that dietary fat increases neural responsiveness to cytokines, which may help inform comorbidities between diet-induced obesity and depression or other mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.A. Emmons
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC
| | - C.W. Wallace
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem NC
| | - S.C. Fordahl
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC
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Li Y, Zhu S, Du D, Li Q, Xie K, Chen L, Feng X, Wu X, Sun Z, Zhou J, Yang J, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang L. TLR4 in POMC neurons regulates thermogenesis in a sex-dependent manner. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100368. [PMID: 37028769 PMCID: PMC10205441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity has become a worldwide health concern. Obesity usually occurs when there is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. However, energy expenditure consists of several components, including metabolism, physical activity, and thermogenesis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane pattern recognition receptor, and it is abundantly expressed in the brain. Here, we showed that pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-specific deficiency of TLR4 directly modulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and lipid homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Deleting TLR4 in POMC neurons is sufficient to increase energy expenditure and thermogenesis resulting in reduced body weight in male mice. POMC neuron is a subpopulation of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons and projects into brown adipose tissue, which regulates the activity of sympathetic nervous system and contributes to thermogenesis in POMC-TLR4-KO male mice. By contrast, deleting TLR4 in POMC neurons decreases energy expenditure and increases body weight in female mice, which affects lipolysis of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, TLR4 KO decreases the expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase and lipolytic enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase in WAT in female mice. Furthermore, the function of immune-related signaling pathway in WAT is inhibited because of obesity, which exacerbates the development of obesity reversely. Together, these results demonstrate that TLR4 in POMC neurons regulates thermogenesis and lipid balance in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kailai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lvshuang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiajie Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Marcos JL, Olivares-Barraza R, Ceballo K, Wastavino M, Ortiz V, Riquelme J, Martínez-Pinto J, Muñoz P, Cruz G, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Obesogenic Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: A Pathological Link between Hedonic and Homeostatic Control of Food Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021468. [PMID: 36674982 PMCID: PMC9866213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced neuroinflammation is a chronic aseptic central nervous system inflammation that presents systemic characteristics associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the presence of microglia and reactive astrogliosis as well as the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The obesity pandemic is associated with lifestyle changes, including an excessive intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), lateral septum (LS), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been implicated in the homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this context, a chronic lipid intake triggers neuroinflammation in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. This review aims to present the background defining the significant impact of neuroinflammation and how this, when induced by an obesogenic diet, can affect feeding control, triggering metabolic and neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Marcos
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Melisa Wastavino
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Víctor Ortiz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Julio Riquelme
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-2508050
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5
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Type II taste cells participate in mucosal immune surveillance. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001647. [PMID: 36634039 PMCID: PMC9836272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome is second only to its intestinal counterpart in diversity and abundance, but its effects on taste cells remains largely unexplored. Using single-cell RNASeq, we found that mouse taste cells, in particular, sweet and umami receptor cells that express taste 1 receptor member 3 (Tas1r3), have a gene expression signature reminiscent of Microfold (M) cells, a central player in immune surveillance in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) such as those in the Peyer's patch and tonsils. Administration of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; also known as RANKL), a growth factor required for differentiation of M cells, dramatically increased M cell proliferation and marker gene expression in the taste papillae and in cultured taste organoids from wild-type (WT) mice. Taste papillae and organoids from knockout mice lacking Spib (SpibKO), a RANKL-regulated transcription factor required for M cell development and regeneration on the other hand, failed to respond to RANKL. Taste papillae from SpibKO mice also showed reduced expression of NF-κB signaling pathway components and proinflammatory cytokines and attracted fewer immune cells. However, lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cytokines was strongly up-regulated in SpibKO mice compared to their WT counterparts. Like M cells, taste cells from WT but not SpibKO mice readily took up fluorescently labeled microbeads, a proxy for microbial transcytosis. The proportion of taste cell subtypes are unaltered in SpibKO mice; however, they displayed increased attraction to sweet and umami taste stimuli. We propose that taste cells are involved in immune surveillance and may tune their taste responses to microbial signaling and infection.
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Jaime-Lara RB, Brooks BE, Vizioli C, Chiles M, Nawal N, Ortiz-Figueroa RSE, Livinski AA, Agarwal K, Colina-Prisco C, Iannarino N, Hilmi A, Tejeda HA, Joseph PV. A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:855-918. [PMID: 36409650 PMCID: PMC9678415 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and smell play a key role in our ability to perceive foods. Overconsumption of highly palatable energy-dense foods can lead to increased caloric intake and obesity. Thus there is growing interest in the study of the biological mediators of fat taste and associated olfaction as potential targets for pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in the context of obesity and health. The number of studies examining mechanisms underlying fat taste and smell has grown rapidly in the last 5 years. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize emerging evidence examining the biological mechanisms of fat taste and smell. A literature search was conducted of studies published in English between 2014 and 2021 in adult humans and animal models. Database searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for key terms including fat/lipid, taste, and olfaction. Initially, 4,062 articles were identified through database searches, and a total of 84 relevant articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria and are included in this review. Existing literature suggests that there are several proteins integral to fat chemosensation, including cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). This systematic review will discuss these proteins and the signal transduction pathways involved in fat detection. We also review neural circuits, key brain regions, ingestive cues, postingestive signals, and genetic polymorphism that play a role in fat perception and consumption. Finally, we discuss the role of fat taste and smell in the context of eating behavior and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario B. Jaime-Lara
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna E. Brooks
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mari Chiles
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland,4Section of Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nafisa Nawal
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rodrigo S. E. Ortiz-Figueroa
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alicia A. Livinski
- 3NIH Library, Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Khushbu Agarwal
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Claudia Colina-Prisco
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalia Iannarino
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aliya Hilmi
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hugo A. Tejeda
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland,2Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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Vukmanovic Nosrat I, Palacios JL, Kezian S, Luong G, Tran A, Vu K, Henson BS, Nosrat P, Lutfy K, Nosrat CA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in taste buds diminishes chemotherapy induced taste loss. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4967-4982. [PMID: 35986485 PMCID: PMC9804163 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vismodegib is used in patients suffering from advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but 100% of the patients taking it report dysgeusia and 50% discontinue the treatment. Treatment with neurotrophic factors can stimulate neuronal survival and functional improvement in injured organs. Here, we analysed novel transgenic mouse lines in which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is overexpressed in taste buds, to examine whether higher levels of BDNF would reduce or prevent negative side effects of vismodegib in the taste system. BDNF plays crucial roles for development, target innervation, and survival of gustatory neurons and taste buds. The behavioural test in this study showed that vehicle-treated wild-type mice prefered 10 mM sucrose over water, whereas vismodegib treatment in wild-type mice caused total taste loss. Gustducin-BDNF mice had a significantly increased preference for low concentration of sucrose solution over water compared to wild-type mice, and most importantly the transgenic mice were able to detect low concentrations of sucrose following vismodegib treatment. We evaluated taste cell morphology, identity, innervation and proliferation using immunohistochemistry. All drug-treated mice exhibited deficits, but because of a possible functional upcycled priming of the peripheral gustatory system, GB mice demonstrated better morphological preservation of the peripheral gustatory system. Our study indicates that overexpression of BDNF in taste buds plays a role in preventing degeneration of taste buds. Counteracting the negative side effects of vismodegib treatment might improve compliance and achieve better outcome in patients suffering from advanced BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerry L. Palacios
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven Kezian
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gloria Luong
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew Tran
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kim Vu
- Graduate College of Biomedical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bradley S. Henson
- College of Dental MedicineWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philip Nosrat
- College of Dental MedicineWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
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Zhou R, He M, Fan J, Li R, Zuo Y, Li B, Gao G, Sun T. The role of hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A narrative review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:947295. [PMID: 36188456 PMCID: PMC9523121 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.947295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious mental illness that affects 1% of people worldwide. SCZ is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity. Antipsychotics are the main treatment for SCZ, but their side effects include significant weight gain/obesity. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms by which SCZ and antipsychotic treatment induce weight gain/obesity remain unclear. Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the most important pathways that modulates inflammation, neuronal function, and energy balance. This review aimed to investigate the role of hypothalamic ER stress in SCZ and antipsychotic-induced weight gain/obesity. Preliminary evidence indicates that SCZ is associated with reduced dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) signaling, which significantly regulates the ER stress pathway, suggesting the importance of ER stress in SCZ and its related metabolic disorders. Antipsychotics such as olanzapine activate ER stress in hypothalamic neurons. These effects may induce decreased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processing, increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression, autophagy, and leptin and insulin resistance, resulting in hyperphagia, decreased energy expenditure, and central inflammation, thereby causing weight gain. By activating ER stress, antipsychotics such as olanzapine activate hypothalamic astrocytes and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, thereby causing inflammation and weight gain/obesity. Moreover, evidence suggests that antipsychotic-induced ER stress may be related to their antagonistic effects on neurotransmitter receptors such as DRD2 and the histamine H1 receptor. Taken together, ER stress inhibitors could be a potential effective intervention against SCZ and antipsychotic-induced weight gain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqin Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Meng He,
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxi Li
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Zuo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Benben Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Guanbin Gao,
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Taolei Sun,
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Folick A, Cheang RT, Valdearcos M, Koliwad SK. Metabolic factors in the regulation of hypothalamic innate immune responses in obesity. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:393-402. [PMID: 35474339 PMCID: PMC9076660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of body weight and energy homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that innate immune activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key element in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain parenchyma, have been shown to play roles in diverse aspects of brain function, including circuit refinement and synaptic pruning. As such, microglia have also been implicated in the development and progression of neurological diseases. Microglia express receptors for and are responsive to a wide variety of nutritional, hormonal, and immunological signals that modulate their distinct functions across different brain regions. We showed that microglia within the MBH sense and respond to a high-fat diet and regulate the function of hypothalamic neurons to promote food intake and obesity. Neurons, glia, and immune cells within the MBH are positioned to sense and respond to circulating signals that regulate their capacity to coordinate aspects of systemic energy metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge of how these peripheral signals modulate the innate immune response in the MBH and enable microglia to regulate metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Folick
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Sclafani A, Ackroff K. Fat preference deficits and experience-induced recovery in global taste-deficient Trpm5 and Calhm1 knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113695. [PMID: 34998826 PMCID: PMC8826513 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is much evidence that gustation mediates the preference for dietary fat in rodents. Several studies indicate that mice have fat taste receptors that activate downstream signaling elements, including TRPM5 and CALHM1 ion channels and P2×2/P2×3 purinergic gustatory nerve receptors. Experiment 1 further documented the involvement of TRPM5 in fat appetite by giving Trpm5 knockout (KO) mice, which show global taste deficits, 24-h two-bottle choice tests with ascending concentrations of soybean oil (0.1 - 10% Intralipid) vs. water. Unlike wildtype (WT) mice, naive Trpm5 KO mice were indifferent to 0.5 - 2.5% fat. They preferred 5-10% fat but consumed much less than WT mice. The same KO mice preferred all fat concentrations in a second test series, which is attributed to a postoral fat conditioned attraction to the non-taste flavor qualities of the Intralipid, although they consumed less fat than the WT mice. The fat preference deficits of the Trpm5 KO mice were as great or greater than those observed in Calhm1 KO mice, another KO line with global taste deficits. Experiment 2 examined experience-enhanced fat preferences in Trpm5 KO and Calhm1 KO mice by giving them one-bottle training with 1%, 2.5%, and 5% fat prior to two-bottle fat vs. water tests. The KO mice displayed increased two-bottle preferences for all concentrations, although they still consumed less 1% and 2.5% fat than WT mice. Thus, the postoral actions of fat induce robust preferences for fat in taste-deficient mice, but do not stimulate the high fat intakes observed in WT mice with normal fat taste signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sclafani
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America.
| | - Karen Ackroff
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
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11
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Xm S, Cc L, C L, Yf L, L C, Yz Z, Sj Y. TLR4 inhibition ameliorated glucolipotoxicity-induced differentiation suppression in osteoblasts via RIAM regulation of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 543:111539. [PMID: 34929310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TLR4 is a key innate immune signal that mediates glucolipid toxicity through yet unclear mechanisms. Here, TLR4 truncation ameliorated bone metabolism disorders in diabetic rats, and the underlying mechanisms were explored by proteomics. Our study showed that TLR4 truncation inhibited bone loss induced by diabetes in rats. In addition, a proteomic analysis screen exposed the differential proteins associated with immune reactivity and T cell activation (RIAM and Class II histocompatibility antigen, M β1 chain). Further cellular experiments showed that TLR4 mediated the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation induced by glucolipotoxicity and promoted an increase in the nuclear level of RIAM-NF-κB. Mechanistic studies showed that TLR4 mediated glucolipotoxicity induced damage in bone metabolism primarily by regulating RIAM-NF-κB interactions, which promoted RIAM-NF-κB nuclear translocation. In conclusion, we confirmed that TLR4 inhibition could delay bone metabolism disorders induced by glycolipid toxicity via RIAM regulation of NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xm
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Li Cc
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 190 Da Dao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350009, China
| | - Lan C
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Lin Yf
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Cheng L
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Zhang Yz
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Yan Sj
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China; Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.
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12
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Lockridge A, Hanover JA. A nexus of lipid and O-Glcnac metabolism in physiology and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943576. [PMID: 36111295 PMCID: PMC9468787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditionally considered a glucose metabolism-associated modification, the O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulatory system interacts extensively with lipids and is required to maintain lipid homeostasis. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling have molecular properties consistent with those expected of broad-spectrum environmental sensors. By direct protein-protein interactions and catalytic modification, O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes may provide both acute and long-term adaptation to stress and other environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability. Depending on the cell type, hyperlipidemia potentiates or depresses O-GlcNAc levels, sometimes biphasically, through a diversity of unique mechanisms that target UDP-GlcNAc synthesis and the availability, activity and substrate selectivity of the glycosylation enzymes, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). At the same time, OGT activity in multiple tissues has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of systemic lipid uptake, storage and release. Hyperlipidemic patterns of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells are consistent with both transient physiological adaptation and feedback uninhibited obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the numerous interconnections between lipid and O-GlcNAc metabolism. These links provide insights into how the O-GlcNAc regulatory system may contribute to lipid-associated diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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SantaCruz-Calvo S, Bharath L, Pugh G, SantaCruz-Calvo L, Lenin RR, Lutshumba J, Liu R, Bachstetter AD, Zhu B, Nikolajczyk BS. Adaptive immune cells shape obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and less prominent comorbidities. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:23-42. [PMID: 34703027 PMCID: PMC11005058 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing in prevalence owing to decreases in physical activity levels and a shift to diets that include addictive and/or high-calorie foods. These changes are associated with the adoption of modern lifestyles and the presence of an obesogenic environment, which have resulted in alterations to metabolism, adaptive immunity and endocrine regulation. The size and quality of adipose tissue depots in obesity, including the adipose tissue immune compartment, are critical determinants of overall health. In obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation can occur in adipose tissue that can progress to systemic inflammation; this inflammation contributes to the development of insulin resistance, T2DM and other comorbidities. An improved understanding of adaptive immune cell dysregulation that occurs during obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities, with an appreciation of sex differences, will be critical for repurposing or developing immunomodulatory therapies to treat obesity and/or T2DM-associated inflammation. This Review critically discusses how activation and metabolic reprogramming of lymphocytes, that is, T cells and B cells, triggers the onset, development and progression of obesity and T2DM. We also consider the role of immunity in under-appreciated comorbidities of obesity and/or T2DM, such as oral cavity inflammation, neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Finally, we discuss previous clinical trials of anti-inflammatory medications in T2DM and consider the path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Leena Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Gabriella Pugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lucia SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raji Rajesh Lenin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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15
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de Vicente LG, Muñoz VR, Pinto AP, Rovina RL, da Rocha AL, Marafon BB, Tavares MEDA, Teixeira GR, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Frantz FG, Simabuco FM, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR. TLR4 deletion increases basal energy expenditure and attenuates heart apoptosis and ER stress but mitigates the training-induced cardiac function and performance improvement. Life Sci 2021; 285:119988. [PMID: 34592238 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Strategies capable of attenuating TLR4 can attenuate metabolic processes such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in the body. Physical exercise has been a cornerstone in suppressing inflammation and dysmetabolic outcomes caused by TRL4 activation. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a chronic physical exercise protocol on the TLR4 expression and its repercussion in the inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis pathways in mice hearts. Echocardiogram, RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and histological techniques were used to evaluate the left ventricle of wild-type (WT) and Tlr4 knockout (TLR4 KO) mice submitted to a 4-week physical exercise protocol. Moreover, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to expand the relationship of Tlr4 mRNA in the heart with inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis-related genes of several isogenic strains of BXD mice. The TLR4 KO mice had higher energy expenditure and heart rate in the control state but lower activation of apoptosis and ER stress pathways. The bioinformatics analysis reinforced these data. In the exercised state, the WT mice improved performance and cardiac function. However, these responses were blunted in the KO group. In conclusion, TLR4 has an essential role in the inhibition of apoptosis and ER stress pathways, as well as in the training-induced beneficial adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G de Vicente
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor R Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de A Tavares
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D Ferrari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiani G Frantz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 are required for gastric bypass-induced metabolic effects. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1996-2006. [PMID: 34462225 PMCID: PMC9083208 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been suggested as one of the forefront cross-communicators between the intestinal bacteria and the host to regulate inflammatory signals and energy homeostasis. High-fat diet–induced inflammation is mediated by changes in gut microbiota and requires a functional TLR-4, the deficiency of which renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, gut microbiota was suggested to play a key role in the beneficial effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), a commonly performed bariatric procedure. Objectives: To explore whether TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 8 (MyD88; 1 of its key downstream signaling regulators) and gut microbiota play an integrative role in RYGB-induced metabolic outcomes. Setting: Animal-based study. Method: We performed RYGB in TLR4 and MyD88 knock-out (KO) mice and used fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from RYGB-operated animals to these genetic mouse models to address our questions. Results: We demonstrate that RYGB reduces TLR4 expression explicitly in the small and large intestine of C57Blc/6J mice. We also show that TLR4 KO mice have an attenuated glucoregulatory response to RYGB. In addition, we reveal that MyD88 KO mice fail to respond to all RYGB-induced metabolic effects. Finally, fecal microbiota transplant from RYGB-operated mice into TLR4 KO and MyD88 KO naïve recipients fails to induce a metabolic phenotype similar to that of the donors, as it does in wild-type recipients. Conclusion: TLR4 and MyD88 are required for RYGB-induced metabolic response that is likely mediated by gut microbiome.
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Abstract
Gut microbiota has emerged as a major metabolically active organ with critical functions in both health and disease. The trillions of microorganisms hosted by the gastrointestinal tract are involved in numerous physiological and metabolic processes including modulation of appetite and regulation of energy in the host spanning from periphery to the brain. Indeed, bacteria and their metabolic byproducts are working in concert with the host chemosensory signaling pathways to affect both short- and long-term ingestive behavior. Sensing of nutrients and taste by specialized G protein-coupled receptor cells is important in transmitting food-related signals, optimizing nutrition as well as in prevention and treatment of several diseases, notably obesity, diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. Further, bacteria metabolites interact with specialized receptors cells expressed by gut epithelium leading to taste and appetite response changes to nutrients. This review describes recent advances on the role of gut bacteria in taste perception and functions. It further discusses how intestinal dysbiosis characteristic of several pathological conditions may alter and modulate taste preference and food consumption via changes in taste receptor expression.
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Li Y, Chen L, Zhao W, Sun L, Zhang R, Zhu S, Xie K, Feng X, Wu X, Sun Z, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Wang L, Jiang Q. Food reward depends on TLR4 activation in dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105659. [PMID: 33971268 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and being overweight is a worldwide health concern. Food reward dysregulation is the basic factor for the development of obesity. Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a vital role in food reward. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane pattern recognition receptor that can be activated by saturated fatty acids. Here, we show that the deletion of TLR4 specifically in DA neurons increases body weight, increases food intake, and decreases food reward. Conditional deletion of TLR4 also decreased the activity of DA neurons while suppressing the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the VTA, which regulates the concentration of DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to affect food reward. Meanwhile, AAV-Cre-GFP mediated VTA-specific TLR4-deficient mice recapitulates food reward of DAT-TLR4-KO mice. Food reward could be rescued by re-expressing TLR4 in VTA DA neurons. Moreover, effects of intra-VTA infusion of lauric acid (a saturated fatty acid with 12 carbon) on food reward were abolished in mice lacking TLR4 in DA neurons. Our study demonstrates the critical role of TLR4 signaling in regulating the activity of VTA DA neurons and the normal function of the mesolimbic DA system that may contribute to food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lvshuang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shuqing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Kailai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiajie Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Obesity and dietary fat influence dopamine neurotransmission: exploring the convergence of metabolic state, physiological stress, and inflammation on dopaminergic control of food intake. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:236-251. [PMID: 34184629 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore how metabolic changes induced by diets high in saturated fat (HFD) affect nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine neurotransmission and food intake, and to explore how stress and inflammation influence this process. Recent evidence linked diet-induced obesity and HFD with reduced dopamine release and reuptake. Altered dopamine neurotransmission could disrupt satiety circuits between NAc dopamine terminals and projections to the hypothalamus. The NAc directs learning and motivated behaviours based on homeostatic needs and psychological states. Therefore, impaired dopaminergic responses to palatable food could contribute to weight gain by disrupting responses to food cues or stress, which impacts type and quantity of food consumed. Specifically, saturated fat promotes neuronal resistance to anorectic hormones and activation of immune cells that release proinflammatory cytokines. Insulin has been shown to regulate dopamine neurotransmission by enhancing satiety, but less is known about effects of diet-induced stress. Therefore, changes to dopamine signalling due to HFD warrant further examination to characterise crosstalk of cytokines with endocrine and neurotransmitter signals. A HFD promotes a proinflammatory environment that may disrupt neuronal endocrine function and dopamine signalling that could be exacerbated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and κ-opioid receptor stress systems. Together, these adaptive changes may dysregulate eating by changing NAc dopamine during hedonic versus homeostatic food intake. This could drive palatable food cravings during energy restriction and hinder weight loss. Understanding links between HFD and dopamine neurotransmission will inform treatment strategies for diet-induced obesity and identify molecular candidates for targeted therapeutics.
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Dutt M, Ng YK, Molendijk J, Karimkhanloo H, Liao L, Blazev R, Montgomery MK, Watt MJ, Parker BL. Western Diet Induced Remodelling of the Tongue Proteome. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9020022. [PMID: 34066295 PMCID: PMC8163156 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a heavily innervated and vascularized striated muscle that plays an important role in vocalization, swallowing and digestion. The surface of the tongue is lined with papillae which contain gustatory cells expressing various taste receptors. There is growing evidence to suggest that our perceptions of taste and food preference are remodelled following chronic consumption of Western diets rich in carbohydrate and fats. Our sensitivity to taste and also to metabolising Western diets may be a key factor in the rising prevalence of obesity; however, a systems-wide analysis of the tongue is lacking. Here, we defined the proteomic landscape of the mouse tongue and quantified changes following chronic consumption of a chow or Western diet enriched in lipid, fructose and cholesterol for 7 months. We observed a dramatic remodelling of the tongue proteome including proteins that regulate fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, the expressions of several receptors, metabolic enzymes and hormones were differentially regulated, and are likely to provide novel therapeutic targets to alter taste perception and food preference to combat obesity.
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He M, Qian K, Zhang Y, Huang XF, Deng C, Zhang B, Gao G, Li J, Xie H, Sun T. Olanzapine-Induced Activation of Hypothalamic Astrocytes and Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Were Related to Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:589650. [PMID: 33584172 PMCID: PMC7874166 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antipsychotic drug olanzapine is associated with serious obesity side effects. Hypothalamic astrocytes and associated toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling play an essential role in obesity pathogenesis. This study investigated the effect of olanzapine on astrocytes and TLR4 signaling both in vitro and in the rat hypothalamus and their potential role in olanzapine-induced weight gain. We found that olanzapine treatment for 24 h dose-dependently increased cell viability, increased the protein expression of astrocyte markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), and activated TLR4 signaling in vitro. In rats, 8- and 36-day olanzapine treatment caused weight gain accompanied by increased GFAP and S100B protein expression and activated TLR4 signaling in the hypothalamus. These effects still existed in pair-fed rats, suggesting that these effects were not secondary effects of olanzapine-induced hyperphagia. Moreover, treatment with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate, inhibited olanzapine-induced weight gain and ameliorated olanzapine-induced changes in hypothalamic GFAP, S100B, and TLR4 signaling. The expression of GFAP, S100B, and TLR4 correlated with food intake and weight gain. These findings suggested that olanzapine-induced increase in hypothalamic astrocytes and activation of TLR4 signaling were related to ER stress, and these effects may be related to olanzapine-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
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23
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Li Y, Jiang Q, Wang L. Appetite Regulation of TLR4-Induced Inflammatory Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:777997. [PMID: 34899611 PMCID: PMC8664591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.777997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetite is the basis for obtaining food and maintaining normal metabolism. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important receptor expressed in the brain that induces inflammatory signaling after activation. Inflammation is considered to affect the homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems of appetite, which are dominated by hypothalamic and mesolimbic dopamine signaling. Although the pathological features of many types of inflammation are known, their physiological functions in appetite are largely unknown. This review mainly addresses several key issues, including the structures of the homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems. In addition, the mechanism by which TLR4-induced inflammatory signaling contributes to these two systems to regulate appetite is also discussed. This review will provide potential opportunities to develop new therapeutic interventions that control appetite under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Wang, ; Qingyan Jiang,
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Wang, ; Qingyan Jiang,
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24
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Variants in taste genes on caries risk and caries activity status. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 53:244-251. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Feng S, Achoute L, Margolskee RF, Jiang P, Wang H. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Taste Organoids. Chem Senses 2020; 45:187-194. [PMID: 31993633 PMCID: PMC7320225 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological processes, from tissue homeostasis to metabolism and food intake. Expression of certain cytokines can be markedly induced in subsets of taste bud cells under acute and chronic inflammation. This may contribute to altered taste perception and preference associated with many diseases. Although the pathways of cytokine induction are well studied in immune cells, they remain poorly characterized in taste cells, in part due to the difficulties of performing biochemical analyses with a limited number of taste cells. The recently developed taste organoid model provides an opportunity to carry out these mechanistic studies in vitro. However, it was unknown whether taste organoids respond to inflammatory stimuli as do in vivo native taste buds. Here we analyze lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression and secretion of two inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We show that, similarly to native mouse taste epithelia, organoids derived from mouse circumvallate stem cells express several toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR4-the primary receptor for LPS. Organoids and native taste epithelia express all five genes in the nuclear factor-κb (Nfkb) family that encode the transcription factor NF-κB, a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. LPS stimulates fast induction of TNF and IL-6 with similar induction kinetics in organoids and native taste epithelia. These results show that taste epithelial cells possess necessary components for inflammatory cytokine induction and secretion and suggest that the organoid model can be a useful tool to dissect the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Leyitha Achoute
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lincoln University, Lincoln University, PA, USA
| | | | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Tlr4 participates in the responses of markers of apoptosis, inflammation, and ER stress to different acute exercise intensities in mice hearts. Life Sci 2020; 240:117107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yan S, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Lin Y, Fan B, Luo L, Yan Y, Yang L, Shen X. TLR4 knockout can improve dysfunction of β-cell by rebalancing proteomics disorders in pancreas of obese rats. Endocrine 2020; 67:67-79. [PMID: 31598849 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies showed that TLR4 knockout (TLR4KO) could mitigate obesity and insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet in rats. In this study, we further investigated the effects of TLR4KO on islet function and pancreatic proteomics in obese rats by high-fat diet. METHODS PA-induced lipotoxicity β-cells, SD and TLR4KO rats were used in this study. iTRAQ was used to screen out meaningful differential proteins.The protein expression level was evaluated by Western blotting; the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. RESULTS TLR4KO could reduce inflammatory and regulate body composition in obese rats, and improve β-cells function. The quantitative analysis of protein revealed that TLR4KO rebalanced proteomics disorders in pancreas of obese rats. In addition, the pathways involved in differential proteins were mainly metabolic pathways, arachidonic acid metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, pancreatic secretion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. Further analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) revealed that Stk39 and Ass1 interacting through Mapk14-Ywhae were node proteins and participated in inflammatory response, carboxylic acid metabolic process, and small molecule metabolic process. In vitro experiments we confirmed that silencing TLR4 can inhibit PA-induced β-cell apoptosis, insulin secretion disorders, and increase Ass1 expression. While, overexpression of Ass1 in β-cell inhibited PA or LPS-induced β-cell damage. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that TLR4KO could improve dysfunction of β-cell, and the underlying mechanism might be involved in ebalancing proteomics disorders in pancreas, affecting the expression of Ass1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjie Yan
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Youfen Lin
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liufen Luo
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanli Yan
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liyong Yang
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ximei Shen
- From Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
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28
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Lumb FE, Crowe J, Doonan J, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Synthetic small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 promote metabolic homeostasis during obesity in a mouse model. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 234:111232. [PMID: 31634505 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly increasing human public health problems is obesity, whose sequelae like type-2 diabetes, represent continuously worsening, life-long conditions. Over the last 15 years, data have begun to emerge from human and more frequently, mouse studies, that support the idea that parasitic worm infection can protect against this condition. We have therefore investigated the potential of two synthetic small molecule analogues (SMAs) of the anti-inflammatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62, to protect against metabolic dysfunction in a C57BL/6 J mouse model of high calorie diet-induced obesity. We found weekly subcutaneous administration of the SMAs in combination (1 μg of each), starting one week before continuous exposure to high calorie diet (HCD), decreased fasting glucose levels and reversed the impaired glucose clearance observed in male mice, when measured at approximately 7 and 13 weeks after exposure to HCD. Fasting glucose levels were also-reduced in male mice fed a HCD for some 38 weeks when given SMA-treatment 13 weeks after the start of HCD, indicating an SMA-therapeutic potential. For the most part, protective effects were not observed in female mice. SMA treatment also conferred protection against each of reduced ileum villus length and liver fibrosis, but more prominently in female mice. Previous studies in mice indicate that protection against metabolic dysfunction is usually associated with polarisation of the immune system towards a type-2/anti-inflammatory direction but our attempts to correlate improved metabolic parameters with such changes were unsuccessful. Further analysis will therefore be required to define mechanism of action. Nevertheless, overall our data clearly show the potential of the drug-like SMAs as a preventative or treatment for metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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29
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An Open-Source, Automated Home-Cage Sipper Device for Monitoring Liquid Ingestive Behavior in Rodents. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0292-19.2019. [PMID: 31533961 PMCID: PMC6787345 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0292-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring ingestive behavior of liquids in rodents is commonly used in studies of reward, metabolism, and circadian biology. Common approaches for measuring liquid intake in real time include computer-tethered lickometers or video-based systems. Additionally, liquids can be measured or weighed to determine the amount consumed without real-time sensing. Here, we built a photobeam-based sipper device that has the following advantages over traditional methods: (1) it is battery powered and fits in vivarium caging to allow home-cage measurements; (2) it quantifies the intake of two different liquids simultaneously for preference studies; (3) it is low cost and easily constructed, enabling high-throughput experiments; and (4) it is open source so that others can modify it to fit their experimental needs. We validated the performance of this device in three experiments. First, we calibrated our device using time-lapse video-based measurements of liquid intake and correlated sipper interactions with liquid intake. Second, we used the sipper device to measure preference for water versus chocolate milk, demonstrating its utility for two-bottle choice tasks. Third, we integrated the device with fiber photometry, establishing its utility for measuring neural activity in studies of ingestive behavior. This device requires no special equipment or caging, and is small, battery powered, and wireless, allowing it to be placed directly in rodent home cages. The total cost of fabrication is less than $100, and all design files and code are open source. Together, these factors greatly increase scalability and utility for a variety of behavioral neuroscience applications.
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30
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Watanabe K, Hong G, Tominami K, Izumi S, Hayashi Y, Kudo TA. Association between Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Trp64Arg Polymorphism and Fat Preference in Healthy Young Japanese Women. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 248:181-192. [PMID: 31353327 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.248.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is a mediator of catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in humans. The Trp64Arg polymorphism with T/C transition in the ADRB3 gene has been considered to reduce lipolysis and metabolic expenditure. Here, we investigated the hitherto unknown role of the Trp64Arg substitution on food preference among healthy young adults (mean age, 24.3; n = 53, including 25 men). Preference toward four food types (bitter, sour, salty, or sweet) and greasy (high-fat) foods was examined using a self-reported questionnaire. There was no noticeable sex-difference in food preference. Incidentally, only among female subjects, the genotype frequencies of the Trp64Arg polymorphism were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Consequently, female subjects were divided into two groups for further analyses: 18 subjects with TT genotype (Trp64Trp) (wild-type group) and 10 subjects with TC genotype (Trp64Arg) (heterozygous group). No significant difference was observed in preference for four food types between the groups. However, when sweet foods were divided into high-fat and low-fat subgroups, food preference for high-fat sweet foods in heterozygous group was significantly higher than that in wild-type group. Moreover, when subjects were divided into two classes based on preference for greasy foods (like, n = 16 or dislike, n = 12), the preference degree in heterozygous group who liked high-fat foods (n = 5) was significantly higher than that in wild-type group (n = 11), suggesting that the Trp64Arg substitution might genetically enhance high-fat food preference. Thus, understanding the relationship between ADRB3 Trp64Arg substitution and fat preference will be valuable for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Watanabe
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Guang Hong
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kanako Tominami
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Izumi
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Tada-Aki Kudo
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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A chronic LPS-induced low-grade inflammation fails to reproduce in lean mice the impairment of preference for oily solution found in diet-induced obese mice. Biochimie 2019; 159:112-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Spiga R, Mancuso E, La Sala L, Antonicelli R, Testa R, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. Inflammageing and metaflammation: The yin and yang of type 2 diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:1-17. [PMID: 29081381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, recently referred to as 'metaflammation', a relevant factor contributing to the development of both diabetes and its complications. Nonetheless, 'canonical' anti-inflammatory drugs do not yield satisfactory results in terms of prevention of diabetes progression and of cardiovascular events, suggesting that the causal mechanisms fostering metaflammation deserve further research to identify new druggable targets. Metaflammation resembles ageing-induced low-grade inflammation, previously referred to as inflammageing, in terms of clinical presentation and the molecular profile, pointing to a common aetiology for both conditions. Along with the mechanisms proposed to fuel inflammageing, here we dissect a plethora of pathological cascades triggered by gluco- and lipotoxicity, converging on candidate phenomena possibly explaining the enduring pro-inflammatory program observed in diabetic tissues, i.e. persistent immune-system stimulation, accumulation of senescent cells, epigenetic rearrangements, and alterations in microbiota composition. We discuss the possibility of harnessing these recent discoveries in future therapies for T2DM. Moreover, we review recent evidence regarding the ability of diets and physical exercise to modulate selected inflammatory pathways relevant for the diabetic pathology. Finally, we examine the latest findings showing putative anti-inflammatory mechanisms of anti-hyperglycaemic agents with proven efficacy against T2DM-induced cardiovascular complications, in order to gain insights into quickly translatable therapeutic approaches.
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33
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Paradis J, Boureau P, Moyon T, Nicklaus S, Parnet P, Paillé V. Perinatal Western Diet Consumption Leads to Profound Plasticity and GABAergic Phenotype Changes within Hypothalamus and Reward Pathway from Birth to Sexual Maturity in Rat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:216. [PMID: 28900415 PMCID: PMC5581815 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal maternal consumption of energy dense food increases the risk of obesity in children. This is associated with an overconsumption of palatable food that is consumed for its hedonic property. The underlying mechanism that links perinatal maternal diet and offspring preference for fat is still poorly understood. In this study, we aim at studying the influence of maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet feeding [western diet (WD)] during gestation and lactation on the reward pathways controlling feeding in the rat offspring from birth to sexual maturity. We performed a longitudinal follow-up of WD and Control offspring at three critical time periods (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood) and focus on investigating the influence of perinatal exposure to palatable diet on (i) fat preference, (ii) gene expression profile, and (iii) neuroanatomical/architectural changes of the mesolimbic dopaminergic networks. We showed that WD feeding restricted to the perinatal period has a clear long-lasting influence on the organization of homeostatic and hedonic brain circuits but not on fat preference. We demonstrated a period specific evolution of the preference for fat that we correlated with specific brain molecular signatures. In offspring from WD fed dams, we observed during childhood the existence of fat preference associated with a higher expression of key gene involved in the dopamine (DA) systems; at adolescence, a high-fat preference for both groups, progressively reduced during the 3 days test for the WD group and associated with a reduced expression of key gene involved in the DA systems for the WD group that could suggest a compensatory mechanism to protect them from further high-fat exposure; and finally at adulthood, a preference for fat that was identical to control rats but associated with profound modification in key genes involved in the γ-aminobutyric acid network, serotonin receptors, and polysialic acid-NCAM-dependent remodeling of the hypothalamus. Altogether, these data reveal that maternal WD, restricted to the perinatal period, has no sustained impact on energy homeostasis and fat preference later in life even though a strong remodeling of the hypothalamic homeostatic and reward pathway involved in eating behavior occurred. Further functional experiments would be needed to understand the relevance of these circuits remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Paradis
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Boureau
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Moyon
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- UMR 1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation (CSGA), INRA, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Patricia Parnet, ; Vincent Paillé,
| | - Vincent Paillé
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Patricia Parnet, ; Vincent Paillé,
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