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Wit M, Belykh A, Sumara G. Protein kinase D (PKD) on the crossroad of lipid absorption, synthesis and utilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119653. [PMID: 38104800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate lipid levels in the blood, as well as its content and composition in different organs, underlie multiple metabolic disorders including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Multiple processes contribute to the complex metabolism of triglycerides (TGs), fatty acids (FAs), and other lipid species. These consist of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids, de novo FAs synthesis (lipogenesis), uptake of TGs and FAs by peripheral tissues, TGs storage in the intracellular depots as well as lipid utilization for β-oxidation and their conversion to lipid-derivatives. A majority of the enzymatic reactions linked to lipogenesis, TGs synthesis, lipid absorption, and transport are happening at the endoplasmic reticulum, while β-oxidation takes place in mitochondria and peroxisomes. The Golgi apparatus is a central sorting, protein- and lipid-modifying organelle and hence is involved in lipid metabolism as well. However, the impact of the processes taking part in the Golgi apparatus are often overseen. The protein kinase D (PKD) family (composed of three members, PKD1, 2, and 3) is the master regulator of Golgi dynamics. PKDs are also a sensor of different lipid species in distinct cellular compartments. In this review, we discuss the roles of PKD family members in the regulation of lipid metabolism including the processes executed by PKDs at the Golgi apparatus. We also discuss the role of PKDs-dependent signaling in different cellular compartments and organs in the context of the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrei Belykh
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
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2
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Nacis JS, Labrador JPH, Ronquillo DGD, Rodriguez MP, Dablo AMFD, Frane RD, Madrid ML, Santos NLC, Carrillo JJV, Fernandez MG, Gonzales GBL. A study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendation for weight management among adults: the MyGeneMyDiet ® study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1238234. [PMID: 37674889 PMCID: PMC10477364 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1238234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Managing nutrition and lifestyle practices, nutrition phenotypes, and the genome forms the foundation of precision nutrition. Precision nutrition focuses on metabolic variability among individuals, and one approach to achieving its goals is to integrate gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendations in nutrition practice. However, scientific evidence proving the effectiveness of such recommendations is limited. This study will examine whether providing nutrition and lifestyle recommendations based on individual genotype can lead to better weight loss, along with reduction in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage among overweight and obese adults. Methods and analysis A parallel group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Sixty-two overweight/obese individuals aged 19-59 years old will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the intervention (n = 31) or the control arm (n = 31). Participants in the intervention group will receive the MyGeneMyDiet® Recommendation for Weight Management, a gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendation that was developed based on existing evidence of the effects of FTO rs9939609 on body weight, BMI, and physical activity; UCP1 rs1800592 on calorie intake; and TCF7L2 rs7903146 on dietary fat intake. Participants in the control group will receive the standard recommendations for weight management. The primary outcomes will be the differences in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage between arms in both the active phase (6 months) and inactive phase (last 6 months) of the trial. Participants in both arms will be evaluated at baseline and in months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first gene-based intervention that will adopt a phase of intensive nutrition counseling, followed by a simulation of a free-living state to determine adherence to a gene-based recommendation. This study will contribute to the future implementation of precision nutrition interventions by providing evidence on the effectiveness of a gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendation for weight loss. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier [NCT05098899].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacus S. Nacis
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason Paolo H. Labrador
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Diana Glades D. Ronquillo
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Marietta P. Rodriguez
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | | | - Ruby D. Frane
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Marilou L. Madrid
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Noelle Lyn C. Santos
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Julianne Janine V. Carrillo
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Mikko Glen Fernandez
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Gerard Bryan L. Gonzales
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bandesh K, Traurig M, Chen P, Hsueh WC, Hanson RL, Piaggi P, Baier LJ. Identification and characterization of the long non-coding RNA NFIA-AS2 as a novel locus for body mass index in American Indians. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:434-442. [PMID: 36806387 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have shown that body mass index (BMI), an estimate of obesity, is highly polygenic. Individual variants typically have small effect sizes, making it challenging to identify unique loci in under-represented ethnic groups which lack statistical power due to their small sample size. Yet obesity is a major health disparity and is particularly prevalent in southwestern American Indians. Here, we identify and characterize a new locus for BMI that was detected by analyzing moderate associations with BMI obtained in a population-based sample of southwestern American Indians together with the well-powered GIANT dataset. METHODS Genotypes for 10.5 million variants were tested for association with BMI in 5870 American Indians and 2600 variants that showed an association P < 10-3 in the American Indian sample were combined in a meta-analysis with the BMI data reported in GIANT (N = 240,608). The newly identified gene, NFIA-AS2 was functionally characterized, and the impact of its lead associated variant rs1777538 was studied both in-silico and in-vitro. RESULTS Rs1777538 (T/C; C allele frequency = 0.16 in American Indians and 0.04 in GIANT, meta-analysis P = 5.0 × 10-7) exhibited a large effect in American Indians (1 kg/m2 decrease in BMI per copy of C allele). NFIA-AS2 was found to be a nuclear localized long non-coding RNA expressed in tissues pertinent to human obesity. Analysis of this variant in human brown preadipocytes showed that NFIA-AS2 transcripts carrying the C allele had increased RNA degradation compared to the T allele transcripts (half-lives = 9 h, 13 h respectively). During brown adipogenesis, NFIA-AS2 featured a stage-specific regulation of nearby gene expression where rs1777538 demonstrated an allelic difference in regulation in the mature adipocytes (the strongest difference was observed for L1TD1, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Our findings support a role for NFIA-AS2 in regulating pathways that impact BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushdeep Bandesh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Michael Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Hoseini Tavassol Z, Mousavi SM, Molaei B, Bandarian F, Ejtahed HS, Khalagi K, Ghannadi S, Larijani B, Hasani-Ranjbar S. Association of fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO) gene polymorphisms with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Iranian population: A systematic review of observational studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1975-1989. [PMID: 36404828 PMCID: PMC9672241 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms have been implicated in various diseases, most notably non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to review available evidence regarding associations between FTO polymorphisms and NCDs in the Iranian population. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases up to December 2021, as well as reference lists of pertinent articles and key journals. All observational studies that examined the association between FTO gene polymorphisms and NCDs in the Iranian population were included. There was no limitation on the publication year. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the study's quality. Results The initial search yielded 95 studies, of which 30 studies were included in the current systematic review. The underlying disorders were obesity, type 2 diabetes, breast and colorectal cancers, depression, and metabolic syndrome. These studies found an association between FTO gene polymorphisms and obesity in the Iranian population, but the relationship with other NCDs was debatable. Even though, other diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are closely related to obesity, may also be associated with FTO gene polymorphisms. Conclusion FTO gene polymorphism appears to play a role in the occurrence of NCDs. Some of the study results may be misleading due to ethnic differences and the effect of other genetic factors on disease onset, which needs to be investigated further. Finally, FTO gene polymorphisms can be studied as a preventive or therapeutic target. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01139-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hoseini Tavassol
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Molaei
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institutes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Khalagi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghannadi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Day SE, Traurig M, Kumar P, Piaggi P, Koroglu C, Kobes S, Hanson RL, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Functional variants in cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A) are enriched in Southwest American Indian individuals and associate with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:546-552. [PMID: 35043601 PMCID: PMC9304561 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify genetic variants enriched in Southwest American Indian (SWAI) individuals that associate with BMI. METHODS Whole genome sequencing data (n = 296) were used to identify potentially functional variants that are common in SWAI individuals (minor allele frequency ≥10%) but rare in other ethnic groups (minor allele frequency < 0.1%). Enriched variants were tested for association with BMI in 5,870 SWAI individuals. One variant was studied using a luciferase reporter, and haplotypes that included this variant were analyzed for association with various measures of obesity (n = 917-5,870), 24-hour energy expenditure (24-h EE; n = 419), and skeletal muscle biopsy expression data (n = 207). RESULTS A 5' untranslated region variant in cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A), rs548402150, met the enrichment criteria and associated with increased BMI (β = 2%, p = 0.004). Functionally, rs548402150 decreased luciferase expression by 30% (p = 0.003) and correlated with decreased skeletal muscle CYB5A expression (β = -0.5 SD, p = 0.0008). Combining rs548402150 with two splicing quantitative trait loci in CYB5A identified a haplotype carried almost exclusively in SWAI individuals that associated with increased BMI (β = 3%, p = 0.0003) and decreased CYB5A expression, whereas the most common haplotype in all ethnic groups associated with lower BMI and percentage of body fatness, increased 24-h EE, and increased CYB5A expression. CONCLUSIONS Further studies on the effects of CYB5A on 24-h EE and BMI may provide insights into obesity-related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Michael Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Cigdem Koroglu
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Leslie J. Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
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Innate-Immunity Genes in Obesity. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111201. [PMID: 34834553 PMCID: PMC8623883 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main functions of adipose tissue are thought to be storage and mobilization of the body’s energy reserves, active and passive thermoregulation, participation in the spatial organization of internal organs, protection of the body from lipotoxicity, and ectopic lipid deposition. After the discovery of adipokines, the endocrine function was added to the above list, and after the identification of crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells, an immune function was suggested. Nonetheless, it turned out that the mechanisms underlying mutual regulatory relations of adipocytes, preadipocytes, immune cells, and their microenvironment are complex and redundant at many levels. One possible way to elucidate the picture of adipose-tissue regulation is to determine genetic variants correlating with obesity. In this review, we examine various aspects of adipose-tissue involvement in innate immune responses as well as variants of immune-response genes associated with obesity.
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Powell DR, Revelli JP, Doree DD, DaCosta CM, Desai U, Shadoan MK, Rodriguez L, Mullens M, Yang QM, Ding ZM, Kirkpatrick LL, Vogel P, Zambrowicz B, Sands AT, Platt KA, Hansen GM, Brommage R. High-Throughput Screening of Mouse Gene Knockouts Identifies Established and Novel High Body Fat Phenotypes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3753-3785. [PMID: 34483672 PMCID: PMC8409770 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s322083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a major public health problem. Understanding which genes contribute to obesity may better predict individual risk and allow development of new therapies. Because obesity of a mouse gene knockout (KO) line predicts an association of the orthologous human gene with obesity, we reviewed data from the Lexicon Genome5000TM high throughput phenotypic screen (HTS) of mouse gene KOs to identify KO lines with high body fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS KO lines were generated using homologous recombination or gene trapping technologies. HTS body composition analyses were performed on adult wild-type and homozygous KO littermate mice from 3758 druggable mouse genes having a human ortholog. Body composition was measured by either DXA or QMR on chow-fed cohorts from all 3758 KO lines and was measured by QMR on independent high fat diet-fed cohorts from 2488 of these KO lines. Where possible, comparisons were made to HTS data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). RESULTS Body fat data are presented for 75 KO lines. Of 46 KO lines where independent external published and/or IMPC KO lines are reported as obese, 43 had increased body fat. For the remaining 29 novel high body fat KO lines, Ksr2 and G2e3 are supported by data from additional independent KO cohorts, 6 (Asnsd1, Srpk2, Dpp8, Cxxc4, Tenm3 and Kiss1) are supported by data from additional internal cohorts, and the remaining 21 including Tle4, Ak5, Ntm, Tusc3, Ankk1, Mfap3l, Prok2 and Prokr2 were studied with HTS cohorts only. CONCLUSION These data support the finding of high body fat in 43 independent external published and/or IMPC KO lines. A novel obese phenotype was identified in 29 additional KO lines, with 27 still lacking the external confirmation now provided for Ksr2 and G2e3 KO mice. Undoubtedly, many mammalian obesity genes remain to be identified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Deon D Doree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M DaCosta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Urvi Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Melanie K Shadoan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Rodriguez
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Michael Mullens
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Qi M Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Laura L Kirkpatrick
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Arthur T Sands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Kenneth A Platt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Gwenn M Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Robert Brommage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
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Bride L, Naslavsky M, Lopes Yamamoto G, Scliar M, Pimassoni LH, Sossai Aguiar P, de Paula F, Wang J, Duarte Y, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M, Imbroisi Valle Errera F. TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism association with diabetes and obesity in an elderly cohort from Brazil. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11349. [PMID: 33996288 PMCID: PMC8106398 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are complex pandemic diseases in the 21st century. Worldwide, the T allele rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene is recognized as a strong GWAS signal associated with T2DM. However, the association between the C allele and obesity is still poorly explored and needs to be replicated in other populations. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the TCF7L2 rs7903146 association with T2DM according to BMI status and to determine if this variant is related to obesity and BMI variation in a cohort of elderly Brazilians. Methods A total of 1,023 participants from an elderly census-based cohort called SABE (Saúde, Bem Estar e Envelhecimento—Health, Well-Being and Aging) were stratified by BMI status and type 2 diabetes presence. The TCF7L2 genotypes were filtered from the Online Archive of Brazilian Mutations (ABraOM—Online Archive of Brazilian Mutations) database, a web-based public database with sequencing data of samples of the SABE’s participants. Logistic regression models and interaction analyses were performed. The BMI variation (∆BMI) was calculated from anthropometric data collected in up to two time-points with a ten-year-assessment interval. Results The association between the rs7903146 T allele and T2DM was inversely proportional to the BMI status, with an increased risk in the normal weight group (OR 3.36; 95% CI [1.46–7.74]; P = 0.004). We confirmed the T allele association with risk for T2DM after adjusting for possible confound ing variables (OR 2.35; 95% CI [1.28–4.32]; P = 0.006). Interaction analysis showed that the increased risk for T2DM conferred by the T allele is modified by BMI (Pinteraction = 0.008), age (Pinteraction = 0.005) and gender (Pinteraction = 0.026). A T allele protective effect against obesity was observed (OR 0.71; 95% CI [0.54–0.94]; P = 0.016). The C allele increased obesity risk (OR 1.40; 95% CI [1.06–1.84]; P = 0.017) and the CC genotype showed a borderline association with abdominal obesity risk (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.06–1.67]; P = 0.045). The CC genotype increased the obesity risk factor after adjusting for possible confounding variables (OR 1.41; 95% CI [1.06–1.86]; P = 0.017). An increase of the TT genotype in the second tertile of ∆BMI values was observed in participants without type 2 diabetes (OR 5.13; 95% CI [1.40–18.93]; P = 0.009) in the recessive genetic model. Conclusion We confirmed that the rs7903146 is both associated with T2DM and obesity. The TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele increased T2DM risk in the normal weight group and interacted with sex, age and BMI, while the C allele increased obesity risk. The TT genotype was associated with a lesser extent of BMI variation over the SABE study’s 10-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Bride
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Michel Naslavsky
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marilia Scliar
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Hs Pimassoni
- School of Science of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paola Sossai Aguiar
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paula
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Wang
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yeda Duarte
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mayana Zatz
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Imbroisi Valle Errera
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Sun C, Kovacs P, Guiu-Jurado E. Genetics of Obesity in East Asians. Front Genet 2020; 11:575049. [PMID: 33193685 PMCID: PMC7606890 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.575049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a public health problem worldwide. Compared with Europe, people in Asia tend to suffer from type 2 diabetes with a lower body mass index (BMI). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 750 loci associated with obesity. Although the majority of GWAS results were conducted in individuals of European ancestry, a recent GWAS in individuals of Asian ancestry has made a significant contribution to the identification of obesity susceptibility loci. Indeed, owing to the multifactorial character of obesity with a strong environmental component, the revealed loci may have distinct contributions in different ancestral genetic backgrounds and in different environments as presented through diet and exercise among other factors. Uncovering novel, yet unrevealed genes in non-European ancestries may further contribute to explaining the missing heritability for BMI. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent advances in obesity genetics in individuals of Asian ancestry. We therefore compared proposed mechanisms underlying susceptibility loci for obesity associated with individuals of European and Asian ancestries and discussed whether known genetic variants might explain ethnic differences in obesity risk. We further acknowledged that GWAS implemented in individuals of Asian ancestries have not only validated the potential role of previously specified obesity susceptibility loci but also exposed novel ones, which have been missed in the initial genetic studies in individuals of European ancestries. Thus, multi-ethnic studies have a great potential not only to contribute to a better understanding of the complex etiology of human obesity but also potentially of ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity, which may ultimately pave new avenues in more targeted and personalized obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Kim HI, Ye B, Gosalia N, Köroğlu Ç, Hanson RL, Hsueh WC, Knowler WC, Baier LJ, Bogardus C, Shuldiner AR, Van Hout CV, Van Hout CV. Characterization of Exome Variants and Their Metabolic Impact in 6,716 American Indians from the Southwest US. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:251-264. [PMID: 32640185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying exome sequencing to populations with unique genetic architecture has the potential to reveal novel genes and variants associated with traits and diseases. We sequenced and analyzed the exomes of 6,716 individuals from a Southwestern American Indian (SWAI) population with well-characterized metabolic traits. We found that the SWAI population has distinct allelic architecture compared to populations of European and East Asian ancestry, and there were many predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) and nonsynonymous variants that were highly enriched or private in the SWAI population. We used pLOF and nonsynonymous variants in the SWAI population to evaluate gene-burden associations of candidate genes from European genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and four major plasma lipids. We found 19 significant gene-burden associations for 11 genes, providing additional evidence for prioritizing candidate effector genes of GWAS signals. Interestingly, these associations were mainly driven by pLOF and nonsynonymous variants that are unique or highly enriched in the SWAI population. Particularly, we found four pLOF or nonsynonymous variants in APOB, APOE, PCSK9, and TM6SF2 that are private or enriched in the SWAI population and associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Their large estimated effects on LDL cholesterol levels suggest strong impacts on protein function and potential clinical implications of these variants in cardiovascular health. In summary, our study illustrates the utility and potential of exome sequencing in genetically unique populations, such as the SWAI population, to prioritize candidate effector genes within GWAS loci and to find additional variants in known disease genes with potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristopher V Van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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Kang JH, Li MJ, Luan PP, Jiang DK, Chen YW, Xu X, Yu Q, Xu YW, Su Q, Peng WH, Jian WX. NLRC3 silencing accelerates the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cell via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2053-2064. [PMID: 32584509 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat family with a caspase activation and recruitment domain 3 (NLRC3) participates in both immunity and cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of NLRC3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms. We collected human liver tissues from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), HCC, and adjacent normal tissues to characterize the pattern of NLRC3 expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Then, we used the HCC cell line, HuH-7, transfected with small interfering RNA to silence the NLRC3 expression. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, scratch assay, and transwell invasion assay were used for assessing proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were conducted to assess cell apoptosis. The expression of NLRC3 was reduced in human HCC tissues, compared with normal liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis tissues. After knocking down of NLRC3, the proliferation, migration, and invasion were increased in HuH-7 cells. And flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that HuH-7 cell apoptosis was suppressed after NLRC3 knockdown. As for the underlying mechanisms, knockdown of NLRC3 in HuH-7 cells was associated with the activation of Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway under interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulation. NLRC3 expression was downregulated in human HCC tissues. NLRC3 silencing in HuH-7 cells can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation induced by IL-6 may be the underlying mechanism for HCC when NLRC3 expression is silenced. And the invasion of HuH-7 cells was partially suppressed by the STAT3 specific inhibitor (cryptotanshinone). Therefore, NLRC3 may play a significant role in HCC and might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Pei Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Ke Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Institutes of Liver Diseases Research of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Xia Jian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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LMX1B rs10733682 Polymorphism Interacts with Macronutrients, Dietary Patterns on the Risk of Obesity in Han Chinese Girls. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051227. [PMID: 32357537 PMCID: PMC7281971 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that LMX1B rs10733682 polymorphism is associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) in European and American Indian adults. In this study, the association of rs10733682 polymorphism with obesity-related indicators, and its interaction with macronutrients and dietary patterns (DPs) were explored in Chinese children (n = 798). The rs10733682 polymorphism was genotyped by improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR). Four DPs were identified by factor analysis. The AA genotype had a higher incidence of overweight/obesity than GG+GA genotypes (P = 0.010) in girls (n = 398), but no difference in boys. The AA genotype in girls could interact with intake of energy, fat and carbohydrate, causing an increased triglyceride (TG), (P = 0.021, 0.003, 0.002, respectively), and also could interact with energy from protein, causing an elevated BMI (P = 0.023) and waist (P = 0.019). Girls inclining to the HED (high-energy density)-DP were associated with increased TG (P = 0.033), and girls inclining to the VEF (vegetables, eggs, and fishes based)-DP were associated with decreased total cholesterol (TC, P = 0.045) and decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL, P = 0.016). The findings indicated that the AA genotype of rs10733682 and the HED-DP are potential risk factors of obesity in Chinese girls.
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Muller YL, Hanson RL, Mahkee D, Piaggi P, Kobes S, Hsueh WC, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Low Serum Insulinlike Growth Factor II Levels Correlate with High BMI in American Indian Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:676-682. [PMID: 32030914 PMCID: PMC7192225 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulinlike growth factor II (IGF-II) regulates metabolism and growth. In humans, both positive and negative relationships have been reported between serum IGF-II levels and obesity. This study assessed the relationship between serum IGF-II levels and BMI and determined whether IGF-II levels predict weight gain. METHODS Serum samples were available from 911 American Indians with a recorded BMI. IGF-II was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum IGF-II levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.17, P = 4.4 × 10-7 , adjusted for age, sex, and storage time). The strongest correlation was in participants aged ≥ 30 years (r = -0.28, P = 3.4 × 10-8 , N = 349), a modest correlation was in participants aged 20 to 29 years (r = -0.15, P = 7.6 × 10-3 , N = 322), and participants aged 15 to 19 years had no correlation (r = 0.05, P = 0.48, N = 240). IGF-II levels did not predict weight gain. However, among individuals who had genotypes for 64 established obesity variants (age ≥ 20 years, N = 671), a genetic risk score for high BMI was associated with lower IGF-II (β = -0.08 SD of IGF-II per SD of the genetic risk score, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS There is a negative relationship between IGF-II levels and BMI, in which the correlation is stronger at older ages. The association between genetic risk for BMI and IGF-II levels suggests that this correlation may be due to an effect of obesity on IGF-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Darin Mahkee
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Powell DR, Doree DD, DaCosta CM, Platt KA, Hansen GM, van Sligtenhorst I, Ding ZM, Revelli JP, Brommage R. Obesity of G2e3 Knockout Mice Suggests That Obesity-Associated Variants Near Human G2E3 Decrease G2E3 Activity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2641-2652. [PMID: 32801815 PMCID: PMC7394505 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s259546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the adjacent protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) and G2/M-phase-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (G2E3) genes on chromosome 14 are associated with obesity. To date, no published evidence links inactivation of either gene to changes in body fat. These two genes are also adjacent on mouse chromosome 12. Because obesity genes are highly conserved between humans and mice, we analyzed body fat in adult G2e3 and Prkd1 knockout (KO) mice to determine whether inactivating either gene leads to obesity in mice and, by inference, probably in humans. METHODS The G2e3 and Prkd1 KO lines were generated by gene trapping and by homologous recombination methodologies, respectively. Body fat was measured by DEXA in adult mice fed chow from weaning and by QMR in a separate cohort of mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) from weaning. Glucose homeostasis was evaluated with oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed on adult mice fed HFD from weaning. RESULTS Body fat was increased in multiple cohorts of G2e3 KO mice relative to their wild-type (WT) littermates. When data from all G2e3 KO (n=32) and WT (n=31) mice were compared, KO mice showed increases of 11% in body weight (P<0.01), 65% in body fat (P<0.001), 48% in % body fat (P<0.001), and an insignificant 3% decrease in lean body mass. G2e3 KO mice were also glucose intolerant during an OGTT (P<0.05). In contrast, Prkd1 KO and WT mice had comparable body fat levels and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION Significant obesity and glucose intolerance were observed in G2e3, but not Prkd1, KO mice. The conservation of obesity genes between mice and humans strongly suggests that the obesity-associated SNPs located near the human G2E3 and PRKD1 genes are linked to variants that decrease the amount of functional human G2E3.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Powell
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA
- Correspondence: David R Powell Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX77381, USATel +1 281 863 3060Fax +1 281 863 8115 Email
| | - Deon D Doree
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA
| | | | | | - Gwenn M Hansen
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA
| | | | - Zhi-Ming Ding
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA
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