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Pérez-Gopar I, Tormo Santamaría M. [Hygiene and health diffusion and the prevention of obesity in Spain: the work of Jesús Noguer Moré (1903-1983)]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:1290-1297. [PMID: 37929841 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: among the epidemiological challenges facing Spanish society in the first half of the 20th century, the problem of malnutrition stood out. Although hunger and malnutrition were the most prevalent forms, overweight and obesity were beginning to emerge, particularly among the wealthier classes. In all cases, and especially in the overnutrition situation, the issue was not so much economic as one of lack of knowledge. For this reason, for the hygienists, dissemination and education in food and nutrition was fundamental. In this field, the contribution of the Catalan endocrinologist Jesús Noguer Moré (1903-1983) stands out. The aim is to analyze the work he devoted to obesity. Material and methods: bibliographic analysis of the works of Jesús Noguer Moré. Results and conclusion: he considered obesity as a pathology of multifactorial etiology with serious consequences for morbidity and mortality. It would involve everything from genetics to previous pathologies, as well as inadequate dietary and lifestyle habits. Its therapeutic approach should be based on calorie restriction and physical activity. He underlined the role of certain types of family or professional activities in promoting overweight and obesity. In terms of prevention, he emphasized the importance of culinary and gastronomic practices, while at the same time placing the responsibility for these practices on housewives. A gender discourse that led Noguer to place women as the target group for his dissemination activities and where the ideal of feminine beauty in force in the inter-war period was very much present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Pérez-Gopar
- Máster Interuniversitario de Historia de la Ciencia y Comunicación Científica. Universitat d'Alacant
| | - María Tormo Santamaría
- Grupo Balmis de Investigación en Historia de la Ciencia, Cuidados en Salud y Alimentación. Universidad de Alicante
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Myers CA. Impact of the Neighborhood Food Environment on Dietary Intake and Obesity: a Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:371-386. [PMID: 38008848 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The built environment impacts obesogenic behaviors and in turn body weight outcomes. This review summarizes recent research demonstrating environmental impacts on dietary intake and obesity with a specific focus on the neighborhood food environment. RECENT FINDINGS In the previous five years, an abundance of reviews and research studies have been undertaken to elucidate how the neighborhood food environment impacts diet and obesity. This includes studies using primary data collection and secondary data analyses in various populations across the globe. Taken together, current research presents mixed evidence on the impact of the neighborhood food environment on both dietary intake and obesity. While there is some evidence that certain features of the neighborhood food environment influence health behaviors and outcomes in particular populations, it is imperative to acknowledge the complexity of how neighborhood features interact and constantly evolve when considering place-based influences on health behaviors and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice A Myers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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3
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Barbosa BB, Nielsen L, de Aguiar BS, Failla MA, Araújo LF, Mendes LL, Machado SP, Carioca AAF. Local Food Environment and Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: Cross-Sectional Data from the Nutritionists' Health Study-NutriHS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6749. [PMID: 37754609 PMCID: PMC10531343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze whether community food environments are associated with individual food consumption among nutrition students and newly graduated nutritionists. This cross-sectional study used data from the Nutritionists' Health Study cohort, which included 357 undergraduate nutrition students from the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Exposure to the food environment was defined as the proximity and availability of food outlets within a 500 m buffer from the participants' homes. Food consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed according to the NOVA classification. Multi-level linear regression models with fixed effects were used to estimate the presence of food outlets within the buffer and their association with food consumption. The presence of mini-markets in the buffer in the fourth quartile was associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) when observing socioeconomic and lifestyle conditions (β = -3.29; 95% CI = -6.39 to -0.19). The presence of bakeries and coffee shops was related to lower consumption of ultra-processed foods among participants when observing socioeconomic conditions (β = -3.10; 95% CI = -6.18 to -0.02). There was no clear evidence of an association between the type of food outlet and UPF consumption. The community food environment seemed to influence food consumption among study participants, although clearer and more consistent evidence on this subject is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brena Barreto Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil; (B.B.B.)
| | - Lucca Nielsen
- Coordination of Epidemiology and Information, Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, São Paulo 01002-900, SP, Brazil (M.A.F.)
| | - Breno Souza de Aguiar
- Coordination of Epidemiology and Information, Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, São Paulo 01002-900, SP, Brazil (M.A.F.)
| | - Marcelo Antunes Failla
- Coordination of Epidemiology and Information, Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, São Paulo 01002-900, SP, Brazil (M.A.F.)
| | - Larissa Fortunato Araújo
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Soraia Pinheiro Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil; (B.B.B.)
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Winkens LHH, den Braver NR, Mackenbach JD, Visser M, De Vet E. Can mindful eating buffer against the influence of neighbourhood fast food exposure on unhealthy food intake? Health Place 2023; 83:103054. [PMID: 37336138 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A food-abundant environment is associated with unhealthy food intake, but not everyone is affected to the same degree. Mindful eating, which is eating with attention and awareness, has been associated with less external eating and less food cravings, and could act as a protective factor against influences from the food environment. The current study aimed to investigate whether the association between exposure to fast-food around the home and unhealthy food intake was moderated by mindful eating. The study was conducted in 1086 Dutch adults of 55 years and older of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam study. The mindful eating domains (Mindful Eating Behavior Scale) were tested as moderating variables in the linear regression models with absolute and relative density of fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood (400, 800 and 1600m) as independent variables and unhealthy food intake (snacks (g/d)) and saturated fat as a percentage of total energy intake (en%)) as dependent variable. Bootstrapping with 5000 samples using the pick-a-point approach showed that after adjustments, only two out of 48 interactions terms were statistically significant: Eating with Awareness (EwA) and Eating without Distraction (EwD) moderated the positive association between the relative density of fast-food outlets and saturated fat (en%) respectively in a buffer of 800m (interaction EwA: B = -0.84, 95% CI [-1.46; -0.22]) and in a buffer of 1600m (interaction EwD: B = -0.82, 95% CI [-1.61; -0.04]). The results of the current study indicate that mindful eating cannot buffer against the influence of the fast-food abundant environment on unhealthy food intake. Future research is needed to confirm these findings, for example in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H H Winkens
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - N R den Braver
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands(1)
| | - J D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands(1)
| | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E De Vet
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Aretz B, Costa R, Doblhammer G, Janssen F. The association of unhealthy and healthy food store accessibility with obesity prevalence among adults in the Netherlands: A spatial analysis. SSM Popul Health 2022; 21:101332. [PMID: 36654966 PMCID: PMC9841217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity prevalence has almost tripled in Europe since 1980, and the obesogenic (food) environment is hypothesised to be one of the main drivers. Still, empirical evidence is rare for Europe. Objective This ecological study explores spatial patterns of obesity prevalence of adults (aged 19+) in the Netherlands in 2016. It studies, in particular, its global associations with (un)healthy food store accessibility while assessing local differences and evaluating the importance of the immediate versus the wider food surroundings. Methods In our ecological study, we used small-area estimated obesity prevalence (adults, aged 19+) from 2836 neighbourhoods (six-digit postal codes, wijken) and combined this with measures from Statistics Netherlands on accessibility to (unhealthy) fast food and (healthy) fresh food. Spatial lag of X (SLX) models were estimated for the entire Netherlands to explore global associations. Separate models for urban, suburban, and rural neighbourhoods and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) were estimated to explore and visualise local variations in the associations. Total associations from the SLX models were then decomposed to yield contributions of the immediate and wider food surroundings. Results Regional clusters of high obesity were observed in selected areas in the north-east, the south-west, and south-east. Limited accessibility to unhealthy food was globally associated with lower obesity prevalence, whereas better accessibility to fresh food stores and supermarkets was not. The association regarding worse accessibility to unhealthy food was strongest for urban neighbourhoods, especially for the Randstad region. In urban settings, also better accessibility to fresh food stores proved relevant. The wider food surrounding proved more important than the immediate food surrounding, throughout. Discussion Public policies addressing obesity might be more effective when reducing the presence of unhealthy food rather than expanding healthy food supply. Moreover, they should focus on urban regions and high obesity clusters, thereby considering wider food surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Aretz
- Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Institute of Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany,Corresponding author. Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Landleven 1, 9747, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rafael Costa
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute - KNAW/University of Groningen, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Doblhammer
- Institute of Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fanny Janssen
- Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute - KNAW/University of Groningen, The Hague, the Netherlands
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6
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Neighborhood Greenspace and Socioeconomic Risk are Associated with Diabetes Risk at the Sub-neighborhood Scale: Results from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study. J Urban Health 2022; 99:506-518. [PMID: 35556211 PMCID: PMC9187823 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Greenspace and socioeconomic status are known correlates of diabetes prevalence, but their combined effects at the sub-neighborhood scale are not yet known. This study derives, maps, and validates a combined socioeconomic/greenspace index of individual-level diabetes risk at the sub-neighborhood scale, without the need for clinical measurements. In two Canadian cities (Vancouver and Hamilton), we computed 4 greenspace variables from satellite imagery and extracted 11 socioeconomic variables from the Canadian census. We mapped 5125 participants from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Study by their residential address and used age- and sex-dependent walking speeds to estimate individual exposure zones to local greenspace and socioeconomic characteristics, which were then entered into a principal component analysis to derive a novel diabetes risk index (DRI-GLUCoSE). We mapped index scores in both study areas and validated the index using fully adjusted logistic regression models to predict individual diabetes status. Model performance was then compared to other non-clinical diabetes risk indices from the literature. Diabetes prevalence among participants was 9.9%. The DRI-GLUCoSE index was a significant predictor of diabetes status, exhibiting a small non-significant attenuation with the inclusion of dietary and physical activity variables. The final models achieved a predictive accuracy of 75%, the highest among environmental risk models to date. Our combined index of local greenspace and socioeconomic factors demonstrates that the environmental component of diabetes risk is not sufficiently explained by diet and physical activity, and that increasing urban greenspace may be a suitable means of reducing the burden of diabetes at the community scale.
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7
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Ntarladima AM, Karssenberg D, Poelman M, Grobbee DE, Lu M, Schmitz O, Strak M, Janssen N, Hoek G, Vaartjes I. Associations between the fast-food environment and diabetes prevalence in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e29-e39. [PMID: 34998457 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a major health concern and is influenced by lifestyle, which can be affected by the neighbourhood environment. Specifically, a fast-food environment can influence eating behaviours and thus diabetes prevalence. Therefore, our aim was to assess the relationship between fast-food environment and diabetes prevalence for urban and rural environments in the Netherlands, using multiple indicators and buffer sizes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data on a nationwide sample of adults older than 19 years in the Netherlands were taken from the 2012 Dutch national health survey (from Public Health Monitor), in which participants were surveyed on topics related to health and lifestyle behaviour. Fast-food outlet exposures were determined within street-network buffers of 100 m, 400 m, 1000 m, and 1500 m around residential addresses. For each of these buffers, three indicators were calculated: presence (yes or no) of fast-food outlets, fast-food outlet density, and ratio. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess associations of these indicators with diabetes, adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying into urban and rural areas. FINDINGS 387 195 adults were surveyed, 284 793 of whom were included in the study. 22 951 (8%) reported having diabetes. Fast-food outlet exposures were positively associated with diabetes prevalence. We did not observe large differences between urban and rural areas. The effect estimates were small for all indicators. For example, in the 400 m buffer in the urban environment, the odds ratio (OR) for having diabetes among people with a fast-food outlet present compared with those without, was 1·006 (95% CI 1·003-1·009) using the presence indicator. The presence indicator showed higher effect estimates and the most consistent results across buffer sizes (ranging from OR 1·005 [95% CI 1·000-1·010] with the 1000 m buffer to 1·016 [1·005-1·028] with the 1500 m buffer in urban areas and from 1·002 [0·998-1·005] with the 1500 m buffer to 1·009 [1·006-1·018] with the 100 m buffer in rural areas) compared with the density and ratio indicators. INTERPRETATION The results confirm the evidence that the fast-food outlet environment is a diabetes risk factor. All data included were at the individual level and the variability was ensured by the spatial distribution and number of participants. In this study, we only accounted for residential exposure because we were unable to account for exposure outside the residential environment. The findings of this study encourage local governments to consider the potential adverse effects of fast-food exposures and aim at minimising unhealthy food access. FUNDING Global Geo Health Data Centre, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Ntarladima
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Urban Geographies, Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maartje Poelman
- Chair group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Global Geo Health Data Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Gray HL, Berumen JH, Lovett SM, Himmelgreen D, Biswas D, Bohn J, Peacock C, Buro AW. A Mixed-methods Study to Understand Food Environments and Grocery Shopping Patterns of Community Residents in Underserved Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 60:435-453. [PMID: 33356564 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1862098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A mixed methods study was conducted to better understand food access, food retail store environment, and perspectives of community residents on their grocery store shopping patterns and access to healthy foods in underserved, predominantly African American neighborhoods. GIS mapping, grocery store observations (n = 4), a food access and grocery store environment survey (n = 126), and focus groups (n = 48) were used. The results indicate that these neighborhoods have a low density of grocery stores, and only two out of four grocery stores meet the standard for a healthy retail store. Barriers to getting healthy foods and solutions to improve food access are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon L Gray
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica H Berumen
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sharonda M Lovett
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David Himmelgreen
- Department of Anthropology and the Center for the Advancement of Food Security & Healthy Communities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dipayan Biswas
- School of Marketing and Innovation, Muma College of Business, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joe Bohn
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Acadia W Buro
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Marek L, Hobbs M, Wiki J, Kingham S, Campbell M. The good, the bad, and the environment: developing an area-based measure of access to health-promoting and health-constraining environments in New Zealand. Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:16. [PMID: 33823853 PMCID: PMC8025579 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accounting for the co-occurrence of multiple environmental influences is a more accurate reflection of population exposure than considering isolated influences, aiding in understanding the complex interactions between environments, behaviour and health. This study examines how environmental ‘goods’ such as green spaces and environmental ‘bads’ such as alcohol outlets co-occur to develop a nationwide area-level healthy location index (HLI) for New Zealand. Methods Nationwide data were collected, processed, and geocoded on a comprehensive range of environmental exposures. Health-constraining ‘bads’ were represented by: (i) fast-food outlets, (ii) takeaway outlets, (iii) dairy outlets and convenience stores, (iv) alcohol outlets, (v) and gaming venues. Health-promoting ‘goods’ were represented by: (i) green spaces, (ii) blue spaces, (iii) physical activity facilities, (iv) fruit and vegetable outlets, and (v) supermarkets. The HLI was developed based on ranked access to environmental domains. The HLI was then used to investigate socio-spatial patterning by area-level deprivation and rural/urban classification. Results Results showed environmental ‘goods’ and ‘bads’ co-occurred together and were patterned by area-level deprivation. The novel HLI shows that the most deprived areas of New Zealand often have the most environmental ‘bads’ and less access to environmental ‘goods’. Conclusions The index, that is now publicly available, is able to capture both inter-regional and local variations in accessibility to health-promoting and health-constraining environments and their combination. Results in this study further reinforce the need to embrace the multidimensional nature of neighbourhood and place not only when designing health-promoting places, but also when studying the effect of existing built environments on population health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12942-021-00269-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Marek
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Wiki
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Kingham
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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10
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Time Distances to Residential Food Amenities and Daily Walking Duration: A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Low Tier Chinese Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020839. [PMID: 33478168 PMCID: PMC7844623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate the accepted concept of using land-use mix (LUM) to promote physical activity is ineffective and even counteractive in the Chinese context. Before considering LUM as a whole, different amenity types need to be respectively analyzed in relation to various functions and demands. This study aims to examine the specific associations between food-related amenities and perceived daily walking duration (WD) in small Chinese cities. Two interviewer-administered questionnaire surveys (n = 354) were conducted in Yuncheng and Suihua between 2017 and 2018. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of WD with seven different categories of food outlet at three levels of walking distance. The associations were further explored by food environment diversity and through two age groups. With the exception of café/tea house, the other six food outlets were positively associated with WD. After adjusting for socioeconomic variables, the associations of grocery store and supermarket weakened. Higher levels of food environment diversity were associated with a longer WD. Among the age groups, food outlets were more associated with older adults’ WD. This novel quantitative study suggests that increasing the number and heterogeneity of food-related amenities (including mobile street vendors) within a neighborhood can enhance physical activity in small Chinese cities.
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11
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Wiss DA, Avena N, Gold M. Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3521. [PMID: 33207612 PMCID: PMC7698089 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of stress, trauma, and adversity particularly early in life has been identified as a contributing factor in both drug and food addictions. While links between traumatic stress and substance use disorders are well documented, the pathways to food addiction and obesity are less established. This review focuses on psychosocial and neurobiological factors that may increase risk for addiction-like behaviors and ultimately increase BMI over the lifespan. Early childhood and adolescent adversity can induce long-lasting alterations in the glucocorticoid and dopamine systems that lead to increased addiction vulnerability later in life. Allostatic load, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and emerging data on epigenetics in the context of biological embedding are highlighted. A conceptual model for food addiction is proposed, which integrates data on the biological embedding of adversity as well as upstream psychological, social, and environmental factors. Dietary restraint as a feature of disordered eating is discussed as an important contextual factor related to food addiction. Discussion of various public health and policy considerations are based on the concept that improved knowledge of biopsychosocial mechanisms contributing to food addiction may decrease stigma associated with obesity and disordered eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Nicole Avena
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Mark Gold
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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12
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Hirsch AG, Carson AP, Lee NL, McAlexander T, Mercado C, Siegel K, Black NC, Elbel B, Long DL, Lopez P, McClure LA, Poulsen MN, Schwartz BS, Thorpe LE. The Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities Network: Protocol for Nested Case Control and Cohort Studies, Rationale, and Baseline Characteristics. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e21377. [PMID: 33074163 PMCID: PMC7605983 DOI: 10.2196/21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes prevalence and incidence vary by neighborhood socioeconomic environment (NSEE) and geographic region in the United States. Identifying modifiable community factors driving type 2 diabetes disparities is essential to inform policy interventions that reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to describe the Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities (LEAD) Network, a group funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to apply harmonized epidemiologic approaches across unique and geographically expansive data to identify community factors that contribute to type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS The Diabetes LEAD Network is a collaboration of 3 study sites and a data coordinating center (Drexel University). The Geisinger and Johns Hopkins University study population includes 578,485 individuals receiving primary care at Geisinger, a health system serving a population representative of 37 counties in Pennsylvania. The New York University School of Medicine study population is a baseline cohort of 6,082,146 veterans who do not have diabetes and are receiving primary care through Veterans Affairs from every US county. The University of Alabama at Birmingham study population includes 11,199 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a cohort study with oversampling of participants from the Stroke Belt region. RESULTS The Network has established a shared set of aims: evaluate mediation of the association of the NSEE with type 2 diabetes onset, evaluate effect modification of the association of NSEE with type 2 diabetes onset, assess the differential item functioning of community measures by geographic region and community type, and evaluate the impact of the spatial scale used to measure community factors. The Network has developed standardized approaches for measurement. CONCLUSIONS The Network will provide insight into the community factors driving geographical disparities in type 2 diabetes risk and disseminate findings to stakeholders, providing guidance on policies to ameliorate geographic disparities in type 2 diabetes in the United States. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie G Hirsch
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
| | - April P Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nora L Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tara McAlexander
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carla Mercado
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, PA, United States
| | - Karen Siegel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, PA, United States
| | | | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Priscilla Lopez
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Melissa N Poulsen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Brian S Schwartz
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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13
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An Italian Innovative Small-Scale Approach to Promote the Conscious Consumption of Healthy Food. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An unhealthy diet is considered to be one of the main causes for increases in obesity and chronic diseases. Food choices are frequently influenced by food systems and environments along with the availability and affordability of healthy and sustainable food. In this context, a major contemporary challenge lies in improving these aspects in order to support healthy dietary choices. Hence, to address this issue, here, we propose a small-scale approach called SANI (Italian for “healthy”) which involves experts in science and marketing. Two typical agri-foods of the Abruzzo area (center of Italy), tomato sauce and extra virgin olive oil, are characterized as high-quality products in terms of their nutrient content, absence of chemical contaminants (chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and magnetic resonance techniques), and ecological footprint (lifecycle assessment and carbon footprint). Hence, their consumption is promoted, with strict attention being paid to several aspects of the food system, such as production, processing, distribution, labeling, and promotion, as well as marketing strategies and dissemination activities. Overall, these SANI actions, especially labeling and dissemination, have proven to be a valuable learning tool for consumers moving toward more conscious consumption, which can be extended and applied to additional food products. Future applications of similar research strategies in a wider context could positively affect human and environmental health.
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14
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Kuo T. The Varying Effects of the Food, Built, and Socioeconomic Environment on BMI. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:18-21. [PMID: 31858734 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kuo
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Population Health Program, UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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