Local Food Environment and Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: Cross-Sectional Data from the Nutritionists' Health Study-NutriHS

This study aimed to analyze whether community food environments are associated with individual food consumption among nutrition students and newly graduated nutritionists. This cross-sectional study used data from the Nutritionists' Health Study cohort, which included 357 undergraduate nutrition students from the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Exposure to the food environment was defined as the proximity and availability of food outlets within a 500 m buffer from the participants' homes. Food consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed according to the NOVA classification. Multi-level linear regression models with fixed effects were used to estimate the presence of food outlets within the buffer and their association with food consumption. The presence of mini-markets in the buffer in the fourth quartile was associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) when observing socioeconomic and lifestyle conditions (β = -3.29; 95% CI = -6.39 to -0.19). The presence of bakeries and coffee shops was related to lower consumption of ultra-processed foods among participants when observing socioeconomic conditions (β = -3.10; 95% CI = -6.18 to -0.02). There was no clear evidence of an association between the type of food outlet and UPF consumption. The community food environment seemed to influence food consumption among study participants, although clearer and more consistent evidence on this subject is needed.

Biochemical phenotyping of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria reveals solute carriers and β-oxidation deficiencies

INTRODUCTION

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal disease of hematopoietic cells with a variable clinical spectrum characterized by intravascular hemolysis, high risk of thrombosis, and cytopenias. To understand the biochemical shifts underlying PNH, this study aimed to search for the dysfunctional pathways involved in PNH physiopathology by comparing the systemic metabolic profiles of affected patients to healthy controls and the metabolomic profiles before and after the administration of eculizumab in PNH patients undergoing treatment.

METHODS

Plasma metabolic profiles, comprising 186 specific annotated metabolites, were quantified using targeted quantitative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in 23 PNH patients and 166 population-based controls. In addition, samples from 12 PNH patients on regular eculizumab maintenance therapy collected before and 24 hours after eculizumab infusion were also analyzed.

RESULTS

In the PNH group, levels of the long-chain acylcarnitines metabolites were significantly higher as compared to the controls, while levels of histidine, taurine, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and phosphatidylcholines were significantly lower in the PNH group. These differences suggest altered acylcarnitine balance, reduction in the amino acids participating in the glycogenesis pathway and impaired glutaminolysis. In 12 PNH patients who were receiving regular eculizumab therapy, the concentrations of acylcarnitine C6:1, the C14:1/C6 ratio (reflecting the impaired action of the medium-chain acyl-Co A dehydrogenase), and the C4/C6 ratio (reflecting the impaired action of short-chain acyl-Co A dehydrogenase) were significantly reduced immediately before eculizumab infusion, revealing impairments in the Acyl CoA metabolism, and reached levels similar to those in the healthy controls 24 hours after infusion.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated significant differences in the metabolomes of the PNH patients compared to healthy controls. Eculizumab infusion seemed to improve deficiencies in the acyl CoA metabolism and may have a role in the mitochondrial oxidative process of long and medium-chain fatty acids, reducing oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage, nutritional status of older adults and its relationship with social inequalities in Brazil, 2008-2019: an ecological time-series study

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) coverage and the nutritional status of older adults, and its correlation with indicators of social inequality in Brazil between 2008-2019.

METHODS

this was an ecological study using records from SISVAN, related to the population aged 60 years and older; the temporal trend of coverage and the correlation between indicators of social inequality and increment rate of nutritional status were analyzed; slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to measure absolute and relative inequalities.

RESULTS

11,587,933 records were identified; national coverage increased from 0.1% (2008) to 2.9% (2019), with a statistically significant upward trend; a moderate inverse correlation with an annual increment rate of overweight between human development index and gross domestic product per capita, was found.

CONCLUSION

there was an increasing trend in SISVAN coverage; the increase in overweight was associated with social inequality.

Food intake markers in Sisvan: temporal trends in coverage and integration with e-SUS APS, Brazil 2015-2019

Abstract The aim of the present study was to estimate the population coverage of recording food intake markers in Brazil’s Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) and mean annual percent change (APC) in coverage according to the system used for data entry (e-SUS APS and Sisvan Web). We conducted an ecological time series study of the period 2015-2019. The data were stratified into region and age group. APC in coverage was calculated using Prais-Winsten regression and the correlation between APC and HDI, GDP per capita and primary healthcare coverage was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Population coverage of recording food intake markers at national level was 0.92% in 2019. Mean APC in coverage throughout the period was 45.63%. The region and age group with the highest coverage rate were the Northeast (4.08%; APC=45.76%, p<0.01) and children aged 2-4 years (3.03%; APC=34.62%, p<0.01), respectively. There was an upward trend in data entry using e-SUS APS, to the detriment of Sisvan Web. There was a positive correlation between APC in coverage using e-SUS APS and HDI and GDP per capita in some age groups. Population coverage of recording Sisvan food intake markers remains low across the country. The e-SUS APS has the potential to be an important strategy for expanding food and nutrition surveillance.

Food intake markers in Sisvan: temporal trends in coverage and integration with e-SUS APS, Brazil 2015-2019

The aim of the present study was to estimate the population coverage of recording food intake markers in Brazil's Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) and mean annual percent change (APC) in coverage according to the system used for data entry (e-SUS APS and Sisvan Web). We conducted an ecological time series study of the period 2015-2019. The data were stratified into region and age group. APC in coverage was calculated using Prais-Winsten regression and the correlation between APC and HDI, GDP per capita and primary healthcare coverage was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Population coverage of recording food intake markers at national level was 0.92% in 2019. Mean APC in coverage throughout the period was 45.63%. The region and age group with the highest coverage rate were the Northeast (4.08%; APC=45.76%, p<0.01) and children aged 2-4 years (3.03%; APC=34.62%, p<0.01), respectively. There was an upward trend in data entry using e-SUS APS, to the detriment of Sisvan Web. There was a positive correlation between APC in coverage using e-SUS APS and HDI and GDP per capita in some age groups. Population coverage of recording Sisvan food intake markers remains low across the country. The e-SUS APS has the potential to be an important strategy for expanding food and nutrition surveillance.

Previous gut microbiota has an effect on postprandial insulin response after intervention with yacon syrup as a source of fructooligosaccharides: a randomized, crossover, double-blind clinical trial

OBJECTIVES

The use of prebiotics has an effect on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations; however, the interaction between the previous profile of the intestinal microbiota and the effect of supplementation with prebiotics is not clear. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of previous intestinal microbiota profile on the postprandial insulin response to yacon syrup, used as a source of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), in young women. The product presents high levels of FOS.

METHODS

In this double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial, 40 adult women were allocated to receive a breakfast containing 40 g of yacon syrup (14 g FOS, intervention A) or a breakfast containing 40 g of placebo (intervention B). On each intervention day, after 12 h of fasting, an aliquot of blood was collected for insulin analysis at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. The fecal sample was collected before the beginning of the interventions, and the DNA was extracted and quantified, with subsequent amplification of the 16S region, next-generation sequencing, and analysis of sequencing data.

RESULTS

The glucose and insulin concentrations were reduced after ingestion of yacon syrup compared with placebo, specifically at the 30 min to insulin. After the receiver operating characteristic analysis, six volunteers who did not respond to the yacon consumption intervention were identified. The abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria (P = 0.021) and the order Bifidobacteriales (P = 0.013) were positively associated with better insulin response. Other main phyla were not associated with intervention response.

CONCLUSIONS

The previous profile of the intestinal microbiota has an effect on the postprandial insulin response to FOSs, mainly in the phylum Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriales order.

Health students' knowledge about healthy eating and factors associated with the university environment

OBJECTIVE.

Motivation for the study: it is important to assess the level of knowledge about healthy eating in university students as this allows raising awareness about the practice and maintenance of healthy eating habits. Main findings: most university students from the nine health careers had insufficient knowledge about healthy eating. The highest proportion of students with sufficient knowledge were found in the career of nutrition. Implications: there is a need for projects at the university level that encompass the triad of psychology, food, and body; which would improve healthy eating habits in university students. To assess the healthy eating (HE) knowledge of health students and the factors associated with the university environment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS.

This was a cross-sectional study of 512 university students (≥ 18 years) enrolled in nine undergraduate health careers. It was conducted from April to November 2017. The Instrument for Assessment of Health Promotion in Universities and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. In addition, we measured weight, height and waist circumference. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out with SPSS version 23.0.

RESULTS.

We found that most university students from the nine health careers had insufficient knowledge about healthy eating (71.9%; n=368). However, the highest proportion of students with sufficient knowledge was found in the career of nutrition (15.3%; n=22), followed by those in the physical education career (12.5%; n=18). The lowest percentage of students with sufficient knowledge was found in the career of medicine (8.3%; n=12). Multivariate analysis showed that sufficient knowledge about healthy eating was related to participation in healthy eating activities (p=0.012; PR=1.94), participation in activities addressing self-esteem and self-knowledge (p=0.046; PR=0.59) and being overweight (p=0.036; PR=1.53).

CONCLUSION.

A low percentage of health students had sufficient knowledge about healthy eating. However, participation in healthy eating, self-esteem and self-knowledge activities at the university managed to improve the level of knowledge. We recommend the development of university projects that include the psychological, food and body triad, thus involving all health careers, with the aim of improving the health and quality of life of university students.

Enteral nutritional support for patients hospitalized with COVID-19: Results from the first wave in a public hospital

Objectives

Nutrition has become an important component in treating individuals during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is increasingly affecting the world population and causing a collapse in health services. Prolonged hospitalization, including immobilization and catabolism, induces a decrease in body weight and muscle mass that may result in sarcopenia, a condition that impairs respiratory and cardiac function and worsens the prognosis. The present study aimed to analyze enteral nutritional support and the clinical evolution of patients admitted with COVID-19 in Brazil.

Methods

This was a retrospective study, conducted from March to May 2020, of patients admitted to a referral hospital in cardiology and pulmonology in Fortaleza-Ce/Brazil. Two hundred patients infected with COVID-19 were selected for the study. Sociodemographic, clinical, and nutritional data were collected from electronic medical records, and associations between outcomes and the use of the prone body position with nutritional variables were analyzed by linear regression. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval estimates for the death outcome were analyzed by logistic regression.

Results

Of the 112 patients who were fed by enterally, the majority were male (n = 61; 54.5%), elderly (n = 88; 78.6%), and with no current smoking habit (n = 81; 72.3%). The median hospital stay was 14 d, mostly in intensive care units (median: 9 d). Prone body positioning impacted the nutritional therapy. In general, patients who maintained a prone body position tested lower for kcal/kg of body weight, protein/kg of body weight, percentage of diet adequacy, and total caloric value. In addition, patients who died had a lower mean maximum kcal/kg body weight, protein/kg body weight, percentage of diet adequacy, and total caloric value compared with surviving patients.

Conclusions

An association between inadequacies in protein and energy supply with mortality was confirmed, suggesting that nutritional support optimization should be prescribed in such situations.

May critical molecular cross-talk between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginase during human aging be targets for immunosenescence control?

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to identify novel plasma metabolic signatures with possible clinical relevance during the aging process. A biochemical quantitative phenotyping platform, based on targeted electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry technology, was used for the identification of any eventual perturbed biochemical pathway by the aging process in prospectively collected peripheral blood plasma from 166 individuals representing the population of São Paulo city, Brazil.

RESULTS

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity (Kyn/Trp) was significantly elevated with age, and among metabolites most associated with elevations in IDO, one of the strongest correlations was with arginase (Orn/Arg), which could also facilitate the senescence process of the immune system. Hyperactivity of IDO was also found to correlate with increased blood concentrations of medium-chain acylcarnitines, suggesting that deficiencies in beta-oxidation may also be involved in the immunosenescence process. Finally, our study provided evidence that the systemic methylation status was significantly increased and positively correlated to IDO activity.

CONCLUSIONS

In the present article, besides identifying elevated IDO activity exhibiting striking parallel association with the aging process, we additionally identified increased arginase activity as an underlying biochemical disturbance closely following elevations in IDO. Our findings support interventions to reduce IDO or arginase activities in an attempt to preserve the functionality of the immune system, including modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells' function, in old individuals/patients.

Comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal em universitários da área de saúde

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a associação da imagem corporal e o comportamento alimentar de universitários de uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa universitários (n = 1570) da área da saúde de ambos os sexos, de quatro instituições de ensino superior. As dimensões da imagem corporal (i.e., perceptiva e atitudinal) foram avaliadas por meio da Escala de Silhuetas para adultos brasileiros; e o comportamento alimentar por meio da versão brasileira do Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Para a avaliação do estado nutricional, foram coletados peso corporal e estatura de modo autorreportado. A análise de associação foi feita pela regressão linear múltipla, após estratificação por sexo. Resultados Notou-se maior prevalência de universitárias do sexo feminino (72,9%), com idade média de 21,8 (DP = 4,1) anos. Foi encontrada associação entre percepção e (in)satisfação corporal com o comportamento alimentar em ambos os sexos. As mulheres que superestimaram o tamanho corporal obtiveram associação inversa com a dimensão alimentar restritiva (p = 0,001); e as insatisfeitas por magreza, associação direta entre alimentação restritiva; e inversa com o comportamento emocional (p < 0,001). Os homens que superestimaram seu tamanho corporal evidenciaram associação direta com a alimentação emocional; e entre os insatisfeitos por excesso de peso houve associação direta com a dimensão emocional (p = 0,032) e global (p = 0,046) do comportamento alimentar. Conclusões O presente estudo demonstra que a imagem corporal negativa, considerando as duas dimensões avaliadas (i.e., perceptiva e atitudinal), foi associada ao comportamento alimentar entre universitários de ambos os sexos.

Aging and dependence in Brazil: sociodemographic and care characteristics of older adults and caregivers

This paper aims to identify sociodemographic and care characteristics of dependent older adults, formal and family caregivers in municipalities from different Brazilian regions. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 175 people, of whom 64 were older adults, 27 formal caregivers, and 84 family caregivers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with specific questions for each group on the theme of care and dependence. Most older adults were female, aged 80 years or older, with low education and have been dependent for four years or more. Older adults reported feelings of loneliness, pointed out difficulties in medical care, and 29% had only access to Primary Health Care actions. Inequalities, burden, illnesses, and social problems were found among family caregivers. Black females with no formal employment, little or no training for the function, and low remuneration predominated among formal caregivers, and care was associated with domestic chores. We can conclude that gender and race inequalities persist in the care of dependent older adults, and we observed that the rigid social roles assigned to men and women in Brazil persist in the family and work dynamics in caring for the dependent older adults.

Biochemical phenotyping of multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis reveals a disorder of mitochondrial complexes I and II and a Hartnup-like disturbance as underlying conditions, also influencing different stages of the disease

The aim of this study was to identify novel plasma metabolic signatures with possible relevance during multiple myeloma (MM) development and progression. A biochemical quantitative phenotyping platform based on targeted electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry technology was used to aid in the identification of any eventual perturbed biochemical pathway in peripheral blood plasma from 36 MM patients and 73 healthy controls. Our results showed that MM cases present an increase in short and medium/long-chain species of acylcarnitines resembling Multiple AcylCoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD), particularly, associated with MM advanced International Staging System (ISS). Lipids profile showed lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelins (SM) in the MM patients and its respective ISS groups. MM cases were accompanied by a drop in the concentration of essential amino acids, especially tryptophan, with a significant inverse correlation between the progressive drop in tryptophan with the elevation of β2-microglobulin, with the increase in systemic methylation levels (Symmetric Arginine Dimethylation, SDMA) and with the accumulation of esterified carnitines in relation to free carnitine (AcylC/C0). Serotonin was significantly elevated in cases of MM, without a clear association with ISS. Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio demonstrates that the activity of dioxigenases is even higher in the cases classified as ISS 3. In conclusion, our study showed that MM patients at diagnosis showed metabolic disorders resembling both mitochondrial complexes I and II and Hartnup-like disturbances as underlying conditions, also influencing different stages of the disease.

Plasma metabolomics are associated with metabolic syndrome: A targeted approach

OBJECTIVES

Advances in metabolomic tools have allowed us to gain a more comprehensive understanding of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma metabolomic profiles and MetS.

METHODS

For this study, adults without diabetes, chronic kidney disease, stroke, heart disease, or cancer and with full metabolomics, biochemical, and dietetic data available, representing a subsample of the Health Survey of Sao Paulo study (ISA-Capital; N = 130), were included. The joint interim statement consensus criteria were used for diagnosing MetS. Absolute quantification (µmol/L) of blood metabolites was achieved by targeted quantitative profiling of annotated metabolites by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in plasma samples. Mean differences in the compounds for MetS were evaluated by linear regression adjusted for confounding factors.

RESULTS

Serine was inversely associated with MetS (β = -15.04; P = 0.014). In glycerophospholipids with acyl-alkyl bonds, there was an inverse association with MetS, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) ae C42:5 (β = -0.15; P = 0.040), PC ae C44:5 (β = -0.15; P = 0.046), PC ae C40:4 (β = -0.21; P = 0.014) and PC ae C44:4 (β = -0.04; P = 0.032).

CONCLUSION

Plasma metabolomic profiles were associated with MetS, especially the amino acid serine and some acyl-alkyl PCs.

[Cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire among Portuguese-speaking women]

Obesity and its determinants have been the topic of broad research. Emotional appetite, defined as the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions, is among these determinants. Some instruments were created to measure this construct, the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) being one of them. The objective of this study was to perform cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of psychometric properties of EMAQ among Portuguese-speaking women. Methodological research was carried out by translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument. A study was conducted with 450 women, through cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of the instrument's psychometric properties (validity and reliability). The internal consistency of the instrument was measured using Cronbach's Alpha and stability was checked by means of test-retest. The instrument showed good internal consistency and intraclass correlation. The interviewees did not mention changes in food consumption linked to positive emotions and situations. There was a tendency towards reduction in emotional appetite when subjected to negative emotions and situations. The Portuguese EMAQ (QUEAPEM) was considered a reliable instrument, easy to apply and administer, to assess emotional appetite in the Portuguese language.

Dietary patterns in internal migrants in a continental country: A population-based study

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the differences and similarities in dietary patterns among migrants and natives.

METHODS

A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of São Paulo. The study population included internal migrants, defined as individuals born outside São Paulo city who had lived in the city for ten years or longer. The final population (n = 999) was divided into three groups: natives of São Paulo (n = 354), migrants from the Southeast (n = 349) and migrants from the Northeast (n = 296). Factor and principal component analysis was employed to derive dietary patterns. The standardized scores were compared among groups using linear regression.

RESULTS

Differences in income per capita, years of education, self-reported race, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, nutritional status and prevalence of hypertension were found for place of birth. Three dietary patterns were identified: prudent (salad dressings, vegetables, natural flavorings, fruits, whole-grain bread, white cheeses and juices), traditional (rice, beans, bread/toast/crackers, butter/margarine, whole milk, coffee/teas, sugar), and modern (sodas, pastries/sandwiches/pizzas, yellow cheeses, pastas, sauces, alcoholic beverages, sweets, processed meats). Compared to natives, migrants from the Southeast had an inversely proportional adherence to the modern pattern whereas migrants from the Northeast had an inverse association with the prudent and modern patterns and a positive association with the traditional pattern.

CONCLUSIONS

São Paulo natives and internal migrants from other regions of Brazil exhibited different dietary patterns. The results presented here add perspectives to be considered in the study of non-communicable diseases and its different incidences among migrants and natives.

The effect of coffee intake on lysophosphatidylcholines: A targeted metabolomic approach

BACKGROUND & AIM

Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) are known to be a pathological component of oxidized-LDL, and several studies demonstrate its pro-inflammatory properties in vitro. Nevertheless, bioactive compounds found in coffee, such as phenolic acids might inhibit LDL oxidation. The relationship between coffee consumption and lysoPC has not been described previously in humans. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between coffee intake and plasma lysoPC levels in adults.

METHODS

Data was from the "Health Survey of Sao Paulo (ISA-Capital)", a cross-sectional population-based survey in Sao Paulo, among 169 individuals aged 20 years or older. This population was categorized into three groups: non-coffee consumers (0 mL/day-G1), low coffee consumers (≤100 mL/day-G2), and high coffee consumers (>100 mL/day-G3). Usual coffee intake was estimated by two 24HR and one FFQ, using Multiple Source Method. Quantification of the metabolites was performed by mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS and HPLC-MS/MS) and 14 lysoPC species were identified. The association between coffee intake and lysoPC was analyzed by multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, household per capita income, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, total energy intake, use of drugs, vegetables and fruit consumption and caffeine intake.

RESULTS

LysoPC levels were significantly lower in G3 than in G1, for the lysoPC a C16:1 (β = -0.56; p = 0.014), lysoPC a C18:1 (β = -2.57; p = 0.018), and lysoPC a C20:4 (β = -1.14; p = 0.037). In opposition, the ratios of C16:0/C16:1 and C18:0/18:1 was higher in G3 (β = 5.04; p = 0.025 and β = 0.28; p = 0.003, respectively).

CONCLUSION

LysoPC profile differed according to coffee intake, showing a possible beneficial health effect of this beverage on inflammatory and oxidative processes.

The relationship of the oleic acid level and ECHDC3 mRNA expression with the extent of coronary lesion

Background

The fatty acid profile is associated with the risk and progression of several diseases, probably via mechanisms including its influence on gene expression. We previously reported a correlation between ECHDC3 upregulation and the severity of acute coronary syndrome. Here, we assessed the relationship of serum fatty acid profile and ECHDC3 expression with the extent of coronary lesion.

Methods

Fifty-nine individuals aged 30 to 74 years and undergoing elective cinecoronariography for the first time were enrolled in the present study. The extent of coronary lesion was assessed by the Friesinger index and patients were classified as without lesion (n = 18), low lesion (n = 17), intermediate lesion (n = 17) and major lesion (n = 7). Serum biochemistry, fatty acid concentration, and ECHDC3 mRNA expression in blood were evaluated.

Results

Elevated serum levels of oleic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids were observed in patients with low and intermediate lesion, when compared to patients without lesion (p < 0.05). ECHDC3 mRNA expression was 1.2 fold higher in patients with low lesion than in patients without lesion (p = 0.020), and 1.8 fold lower in patients with major lesion patients than in patients with low lesion (p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and ECHDC3 upregulation in patients with coronary artery lesion suggests that these are independent factors associated with the initial progression of cardiovascular disease.

Qualidade da dieta entre consumidores e não consumidores de carnes vermelhas e processadas: estudo ISA-Capital

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade da dieta entre consumidores e não consumidores de carnes vermelhas e processadas em residentes do município de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados do estudo transversal do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo - 2008, com informações de 726 indivíduos que possuíam todas as informações dos inquéritos dietéticos, sendo 195 adolescentes, 272 adultos e 259 idosos. Os dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos por dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas, aplicados em dias não consecutivos, incluindo final de semana e todas as estações do ano, e um questionário de frequência alimentar para estimar a frequência do consumo de carnes vermelhas e processadas. A ingestão alimentar habitual foi estimada pelo Multiple Source Method. O Índice de Qualidade da Dieta - Revisado foi calculado a partir da ingestão habitual dos participantes. As recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde foram utilizadas para estimar a participação percentual dos macronutrientes no valor energético total. RESULTADOS: O grupo de não consumidores apresentou maior pontuação média do índice (p=0,006), do grupo das frutas integrais (p=0,022), dos leites e derivados (p<0,001) e menor pontuação média de gordura sólida, álcool e açúcar de adição (p=0,039) e carnes, ovos e leguminosas (p<0,001). Também se mostrou maior percentual de adequação de gordura no grupo de não consumidores de carnes vermelhas e processadas. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se que não consumidores de carne vermelha e processada tenha melhor qualidade da dieta e maior adequação da contribuição energética dos lipídeos em comparação com consumidores desse alimento.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS, DIET AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN ELDERS

OBJECTIVE

evaluate the inter-relations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dietary factors in a population of hypertensive elders.

METHODS

229 hypertensive elder patients were evaluated, from June to December 2009. All the patients that accepted to participate in the study signed a free consent term. An anthropometric evaluation was carried out and the body composition was evaluated. The diagnosis of NAFLD was determined by the American guidelines. The regular food intake was estimated through a 24 hour questionnaire.

RESULTS

the weighted excess, by the body mass index and excess of abdominal fat, were associated with NAFLD (p < 0.001). An inverse profile was found with the diet variables.

CONCLUSION

the studied group presents a health risk situation, considering the nutritional status markers. The regular diet appeared to be inadequate, showing excess of sodium and low fiber and vegetables intake.

FISH OIL AND VITAMIN E CHANGE LIPID PROFILES AND ANTI-LDL-ANTIBODIES IN TWO DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF WOMEN TRANSITIONING THROUGH MENOPAUSE

BACKGROUND

studies have investigated the relationship between the transition through menopause and cardiovascular diseases. White population, generally, have lower levels of traditional coronary heart risk factors, particularly dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, and lower rates of coronary heart disease mortality, than black population. Furthermore many studies have shown the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) of marine origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation, combined or not with vitamin E, on oxidative biomarkers and lipid profiles in nonwhite and white women with dyslipidemia transitioning through menopause.

METHODS

a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Seventy-four eligible women were assigned to receive: fish oil, fish oil plus vitamin E and placebo for three months. At baseline, 45 and 90 days blood sample for biochemical variables and biomarkers of oxidative stress were taken. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables were collected with standardized questionnaires.

RESULTS

after 90 days the fish oil plus vitamin E treated group had a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C. Furthermore, there was a decrease in anti- LDL- autoantibodies after 45 days. Plasma TBARS concentrations were increased after 90 days in the group receiving only fish oil when compared to the placebo and fish oil-vitamin E groups. All of the effects observed were independent of ethnic group.

CONCLUSION

supplementation with fish oil and vitamin E reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C, but had opposite effects on oxidative stress compared to supplementation with fish oil alone.

Effect of chemotherapy on dietary glycemic index and load in patients with breast cancer and their relationships to body fat and phase angle

Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are indicators of carbohydrate consumption and widely used in studies evaluating the risk for breast cancer. However, the effect of chemotherapy on these indices has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary levels of GI and GL in women with breast cancer during chemotherapy treatment and their relationships to body fat and phase angle. Twenty-five patients were assessed according to demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and food consumption data. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recalls applied on nonconsecutive days. Anthropometric measures and body composition were determined at all study timepoints: prior to the first chemotherapy cycle (T0), immediately after the last chemotherapy cycle (T1), and 2 months after T1 (T2). There was no difference in mean GI and GL among study timepoints. However, a high prevalence of inadequate GI and GL values was noted, independent of study timepoint. GI and GL were associated with phase angle at T1. GI was associated with percentage fat at T0 only. Dietary GI and GL were unchanged during chemotherapy, but were associated with indicators of clinical outcome, such as percentage fat and phase angle.

Influência do Tipo de Terapia Antineoplásica sobre Marcadores Antropométricos e Dietéticos em Mulheres Portadoras de Câncer de Mama

Introdução: Alterações na situação ponderal, estado nutricional e padrão alimentar são frequentemente citados em pacientes com câncer estando presentes em todas as fases da doença, sendo, entre outras causas, acarretados pelos incômodos e alterações fisiológicas decorrentes do tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tipo de terapia antineoplásica sobre marcadores antropométricos e dietéticos de mulheres portadoras de câncer de mama atendidas em instituições de referência localizadas na cidade de Fortaleza – Ceará. Método: A amostra foi composta de 182 mulheres, distribuídas em três grupos de tratamento, independente da realização prévia de cirurgia: I (n=57) quimioterapia; II (n=59) quimioterapia e radioterapia; III (n=66) sem tratamento. Para análise da situação ponderal, foram aferidos peso, altura e medida de cintura. O peso habitual também foi indagado. Para os dados alimentares, foi utilizado um recordatorio de ingestão alimentar de 24 horas. Resultados: Foi detectado um predomínio de excesso ponderal sem diferença estatística entre os grupos. A dieta ingerida pela maioria das entrevistadas foi caracterizada por baixa ingestão energética, de carboidratos e de fibras, participação adequada de fracões lipídicas, colesterol e açúcares simples, e excesso de consumo de proteínas, sal e sódio. Tal composição da dieta não foi associada ao tipo de tratamento. Conclusão: No grupo estudado, o tipo de tratamento antineoplásico instituído não teve influência na situação nutricional e alimentar detectada.