Membrane Capacitance from a Bioimpedance Approach: Associations with Insulin Resistance in Relatively Healthy Adults

Bioimpedance-Derived Membrane Capacitance: Clinically Relevant Sources of Variability, Precision, and Reliability

Membrane capacitance (CM), a bioimpedance-derived measure of cell membrane health, has been suggested as an indicator of health status. However, there are few published data to support its use in clinical settings. Hence, this study evaluated clinically relevant sources of variation, precision, and reliability of CM measurements. This longitudinal study included 60 premenopausal women. Sources of variability (e.g., demographics, body composition, serum measures, diet) were identified by stepwise regression. Precision and reliability were assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and technical error of the measurement (TEM) for intra-day (30 min apart) and inter-day measurements (7-14 days apart). Body composition, temperature, and metabolic activity were identified as sources of variability. CM measurements had high precision (CV = 0.42%) and high reliability for intra-day (ICC = 0.996) and inter-day (ICC = 0.959) measurements, independent of menstrual cycle and obesity status. Our results showed that CM measurements are sensitive to clinical factors and have high precision and reliability. The results of this study suggest that CM is sufficiently reliable for health status monitoring in conditions with variation in body composition, metabolic activity, or body temperature among premenopausal women.

Obesity and its associated factors among older adults: MyHEBAT ( ala sian alth and Well‐ eing ssessmen ) study

Background

Despite being a preventable disease, the prevalence of obesity is rising progressively worldwide. However, the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among older adults remains unclear in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among older adults who voluntarily attended the health screening programs, which were part of the Malaysian HEalth and Well‐Being AssessmenT (My‐HEBAT) Study.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study was conducted among Malaysian adults, aged ≥60 years. A standardized self‐administered questionnaire was used to gather information regarding socio‐demographic status, personal, family and medical history. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure and physical examinations were conducted on site. Venous blood samples were collected for lipid profile and blood glucose analysis. Participants with BMI of ≥30 kg/m² or < 30kg/m² were classified as obese or non‐obese respectively. Age was categorized into three subgroups: 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years old. The factors associated with obesity among older adults were then identified using multiple logistic regression.

Results

A total of 716 older adults aged ≥60 years (mean ± SD: 66.6 ± 6.0 years) were recruited. The prevalence of obesity among older adults was 15.8%, while higher prevalence was found among females (42.9%) compared to males (38.3%). The prevalence of obesity decreased with increasing age (48.5% in 60–69 years, 20.8% in 70–79 years, and 11.8% in ≥80 years).

Conclusion

The prevalence of obesity among Malaysian population is higher than that of worldwide prevalence. Current national health promotion and educational programs should focus on identifying factors associated with obesity, and promotion of healthy lifestyle with obesity should be improved and modified, particularly for older adults in Malaysia.

Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile Among Nondiabetic American Young Adults: Insights From NHANES

BACKGROUND

The burden of insulin resistance (IR) among young American adults has not been previously assessed. We evaluated (1) the prevalence and trends of IR and cardiometabolic risk factors and (2) the association between measures of adiposity and IR among adults 18 to 44 years of age without diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease.

METHODS

Cross-sectional survey data from six consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2008 to 2017-2018) cycles were analyzed. IR was defined by the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) of ≥2.5. The temporal trends of IR, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the relationship between IR and measures of adiposity were assessed using multivariable-adjusted regression models.

RESULTS

Among 6247 young adults 18 to 44 years of age, the prevalence of IR was 44.8% (95% CI: 42.0%-47.6%) in 2007-2010 and 40.3% (95% CI: 36.4%-44.2%) in 2015-2018 (P for trend = 0.07). There was a modest association of HOMA-IR with higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total lean fat mass, and total and localized fat mass (all Ps < 0.001). Participants with IR had a higher prevalence of hypertension [31.3% (95% CI: 29.2%-33.5%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.2%-16.2%)], hypercholesterolemia [16.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-19.5%) vs 7.0% (95% CI: 5.8%-8.5%)], obesity [56.6% (95% CI: 53.9%-59.3%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.0%-16.5%)], and poor physical activity levels [18.3% (95% CI: 16.4%-20.2%) vs 11.7% (95%CI: 10.3-13.1%)] compared to participants without IR (all Ps < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Four-in-10 young American adults have IR, which occurs in a cluster with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nearly half of young adults with IR are nonobese. Screening efforts for IR irrespective of BMI may be required.