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Dong Y, Zeng K, Ai R, Zhang C, Mao F, Dan H, Zeng X, Ji N, Li J, Jin X, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Li T. Single-cell transcriptome dissecting the microenvironment remodeled by PD1 blockade combined with photodynamic therapy in a mouse model of oral carcinogenesis. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e636. [PMID: 38962427 PMCID: PMC11220179 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as a predominant and perilous malignant neoplasm globally, with the majority of cases originating from oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs). Despite this, effective strategies to impede the progression of OPMDs to OSCC remain elusive. In this study, we established mouse models of oral carcinogenesis via 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induction, mirroring the sequential transformation from normal oral mucosa to OPMDs, culminating in OSCC development. By intervening during the OPMDs stage, we observed that combining PD1 blockade with photodynamic therapy (PDT) significantly mitigated oral carcinogenesis progression. Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing unveiled microenvironmental dysregulation occurring predominantly from OPMDs to OSCC stages, fostering a tumor-promoting milieu characterized by increased Treg proportion, heightened S100A8 expression, and decreased Fib_Igfbp5 (a specific fibroblast subtype) proportion, among others. Notably, intervening with PD1 blockade and PDT during the OPMDs stage hindered the formation of the tumor-promoting microenvironment, resulting in decreased Treg proportion, reduced S100A8 expression, and increased Fib_Igfbp5 proportion. Moreover, combination therapy elicited a more robust treatment-associated immune response compared with monotherapy. In essence, our findings present a novel strategy for curtailing the progression of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruixue Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chengli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Institute of Drug/Medical Device Clinical TrialWest China Hospital of StomatologyChengduChina
| | - Taiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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2
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Huang HH, You GR, Tang SJ, Chang JT, Cheng AJ. Molecular Signature of Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Areca Nut-Induced Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060873. [PMID: 36980216 PMCID: PMC10047708 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The areca nut is a high-risk carcinogen for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in Southeast Asia. The underlying molecular mechanism of areca nut-induced HNC remains unclear, especially regarding the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). This study employed a systemic strategy to identify lncRNA signatures related to areca nut-induced HNC. In total, 84 cancer-related lncRNAs were identified. Using a PCR array method, 28 lncRNAs were identified as being dysregulated in HNC cells treated with areca nut (17 upregulated and 11 downregulated). Using bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-HNSC) dataset, 45 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in tumor tissues from HNC patients (39 over- and 6 under-expressions). The integrated evaluation showed 10 lncRNAs dysregulated by the areca nut and altered expression in patients, suggesting that these panel molecules participate in areca nut-induced HNC. Five oncogenic (LUCAT1, MIR31HG, UCA1, HIF1A-AS2, and SUMO1P3) and tumor-suppressive (LINC00312) lncRNAs were independently validated, and three key molecules were further examined. Pathway prediction revealed that LUCAT1, UCA1, and MIR31HG modulate multiple oncogenic mechanisms, including stress response and cellular motility. Clinical assessment showed that these lncRNAs exhibited biomarker potentials in diagnosis (area under the curve = 0.815 for LUCAT1) and a worse prognosis (both p < 0.05, survival analysis). Cellular studies further demonstrated that MIR31HG facilitates areca nut-induced cancer progression, as silencing this molecule attenuated arecoline-induced invasion ability in HNC cells. This study identified lncRNA signatures that play a role in areca nut-induced HNC. These molecules may be further applied in risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics for areca nut-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Rung You
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Tang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Joseph T. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.T.C.); (A.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-3-328-1200 (J.T.C.); +886-3-2118-800 (A.-J.C.)
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.T.C.); (A.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-3-328-1200 (J.T.C.); +886-3-2118-800 (A.-J.C.)
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Nguyen HLT, Peng G, Trujillo-Paez JV, Yue H, Ikutama R, Takahashi M, Umehara Y, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-IBP5 Suppresses Dermatitis-like Lesions in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis through the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065200. [PMID: 36982275 PMCID: PMC10049508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (AMP-IBP5) exhibits antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory functions in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, its role in regulating skin barrier function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of AMP-IBP5 on the skin barrier and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene was used to induce AD-like skin inflammation. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability assays were used to investigate tight junction (TJ) barrier function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mice. AMP-IBP5 increased the expression of TJ-related proteins and their distribution along the intercellular borders. AMP-IBP5 also improved TJ barrier function through activation of the atypical protein kinase C and Rac1 pathways. In AD mice, AMP-IBP5 ameliorated dermatitis-like symptoms restored the expression of TJ-related proteins, suppressed the expression of inflammatory and pruritic cytokines, and improved skin barrier function. Interestingly, the ability of AMP-IBP5 to alleviate inflammation and improve skin barrier function in AD mice was abolished in mice treated with an antagonist of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) receptor. Collectively, these findings indicate that AMP-IBP5 may ameliorate AD-like inflammation and enhance skin barrier function through LRP1, suggesting a possible role for AMP-IBP5 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le Thanh Nguyen
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Risa Ikutama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miho Takahashi
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591; Fax: +81-3-3813-5512
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The Multiple Roles of CD147 in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158336. [PMID: 35955471 PMCID: PMC9369056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)147, also termed extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer or basigin, is a glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body, the oral cavity included. CD147 actively participates in physiological tissue development or growth and has important roles in reactive processes such as inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. It is worth noting that deregulated expression and/or activity of CD147 is observed in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases, as well as in neoplasms. Among the latter, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by an upregulation of CD147 in both the neoplastic and normal cells constituting the tumor mass. Most interestingly, the expression and/or activity of CD147 gradually increase as healthy oral mucosa becomes inflamed; hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions are then set on, and, eventually, OSCC develops. Based on these findings, here we summarize published studies which evaluate whether CD147 could be employed as a marker to monitor OSCC development and progression. Moreover, we describe CD147-promoted cellular and molecular events which are relevant to oral carcinogenesis, with the aim to provide useful information for assessing whether CD147 may be the target of novel therapeutic approaches directed against OSCC.
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The Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein Family in Development and Diseases. Adv Ther 2021; 38:885-903. [PMID: 33331986 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises ligands of IGF-I/II, IGF receptors (IGFR), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP hydrolases. The IGF system plays multiple roles during various disease development as IGFs are widely involved in cell proliferation and differentiation through regulating DNA transcription. Meanwhile, IGFBPs, which are mainly synthesized in the liver, can bind to IGFs and perform two different functions: either inhibition of IGFs by forming inactive compounds with IGF or enhancement of the function of IGFs by strengthening the IGF-IGFR interaction. Interestingly, IGFBPs may have wider functions through IGF-independent mechanisms. Studies have shown that IGFBPs play important roles in cardiovascular disease, tumor progression, fetal growth, and neuro-nutrition. In this review, we emphasize that different IGFBP family members have common or unique functions in numerous diseases; moreover, IGFBPs may serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prediction.
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The antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5, AMP-IBP5, regulates keratinocyte functions through Mas-related gene X receptors. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88:117-125. [PMID: 28554590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their microbicidal properties, host defense peptides (HDPs) display various immunomodulatory functions, including keratinocyte production of cytokines/chemokines, proliferation, migration and wound healing. Recently, a novel HDP named AMP-IBP5 (antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) was shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogens, even at concentrations comparable to those of human β-defensins and LL-37. However, the immunomodulatory role of AMP-IBP5 in cutaneous tissue remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether AMP-IBP5 triggers keratinocyte activation and to clarify its mechanism. METHODS Production of cytokines/chemokines and growth factors was determined by appropriate ELISA kits. Cell migration was assessed by in vitro wound closure assay, whereas cell proliferation was analyzed using BrdU incorporation assay complimented with XTT assay. MAPK and NF-κB activation was determined by Western blotting. Intracellular cAMP levels were assessed using cAMP enzyme immunoassay kit. RESULTS Among various cytokines/chemokines and growth factors tested, AMP-IBP5 selectively increased the production of IL-8 and VEGF. Moreover, AMP-IBP5 markedly enhanced keratinocyte migration and proliferation. AMP-IBP5-induced keratinocyte activation was mediated by Mrg X1-X4 receptors with MAPK and NF-κB pathways working downstream, as evidenced by the inhibitory effects of MrgX1-X4 siRNAs and ERK-, JNK-, p38- and NF-κB-specific inhibitors. We confirmed that AMP-IBP5 indeed induced MAPK and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, AMP-IBP5-induced VEGF but not IL-8 production correlated with an increase in intracellular cAMP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in addition to its antimicrobial function, AMP-IBP5 might contribute to wound healing process through activation of keratinocytes.
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Pickard A, Durzynska J, McCance DJ, Barton ER. The IGF axis in HPV associated cancers. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 772:67-77. [PMID: 28528691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infect and replicate in stratified epithelium at cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. The proliferation and maintenance of keratinocytes, the cells which make up this epithelium, are controlled by a number of growth factor receptors such as the keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR, also called fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b)), the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the insulin-like growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (IGF1R and IGF2R). In this review, we will delineate the mutation, gene transcription, translation and processing of the IGF axis within HPV associated cancers. The IGFs are key for developmental and postnatal growth of almost all tissues; we explore whether this crucial axis has been hijacked by HPV.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/virology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/virology
- Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatomedin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Somatomedins/genetics
- Somatomedins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pickard
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland; Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis J McCance
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kao SY, Tsai MM, Wu CH, Chen JJ, Tseng SH, Lin SC, Chang KW. Co-targeting of multiple microRNAs on factor-Inhibiting hypoxia-Inducible factor gene for the pathogenesis of head and neck carcinomas. Head Neck 2015; 38:522-8. [PMID: 25351569 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that inhibit the expression of target genes that play roles in tumorigenesis. MiR-21, miR-31, and miR-184 are oncogenic miRNAs for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Factor-inhibiting hypoxia (FIH)-inducible factor is known to inactivate hypoxia-induced downstream effectors and is involved in HNSCC suppression. This study investigates whether miR-21, miR-31, and miR-184 target FIH in HNSCC. METHODS Reporter assays, Western blot analysis, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and phenotypic assays were used to prove that miR-21, miR-31, and miR-184 directly target FIH. Clinicopathological implications of the gene expression were also analyzed. RESULTS MiR-21, miR-31, and miR-184 directly bind to various sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of FIH transcript, and this binding is associated with decreased FIH protein expression in HNSCC cells. Treatment with the precursors of these miRNAs increases the proliferation and migration of HNSCC cells. Concomitant treatment with precursors repressed FIH and enhanced oncogenicity most profoundly. Upregulation of miR-21, miR-31, and miR-184 expression is found in more than 80% of HNSCC tumors and 72% of tumors have concordant upregulation of these 3 oncogenic miRNAs. The highest expression of these miRNAs is present in T4b and stage IVB tumors. Downregulation of FIH mRNA expression is noted in 69% of HNSCC tumors, and in tumors exhibiting high expression of these miRNAs, the FIH mRNA expression is consistently downregulated. CONCLUSION This study provides novel clues indicating that miR-21, miR-31, and miR-184 co-target FIH tumor suppressor during pathogenesis in the vast majority of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Miao Tsai
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jung Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen IC, Chiang WF, Chen PF, Chiang HC. STRESS-responsive deacetylase SIRT3 is up-regulated by areca nut extract-induced oxidative stress in human oral keratinocytes. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:328-39. [PMID: 24339251 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Areca chewing is an important environmental risk factor for development of oral premalignant lesions and cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates that areca chewing is tightly linked to oral carcinogenesis. However, the pathogenetic impacts of areca nut extract (ANE) on normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) are unclear and possibly involve oxidative stress via redox imbalance. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins that play an important role in regulating cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Recent studies have confirmed that ANE and other areca ingredients can induce ROS. In this study, we examined the role of SIRT3 in the regulation of ANE-induced ROS in HOK cells. We examined HOK cell viability following treatment with various ANE concentrations. ANE-induced cytotoxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner and was approximately 48% at a concentration of 50 μg/ml after 24 h. SIRT3 expression and enzyme activity were up-regulated in HOK cells by ANE-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, we identified that SIRT3 controls the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial proteins, such as forkhead box O3a (Foxo3a) transcription factor and antioxidant-encoding gene superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), by deacetylation in HOK cells. Moreover, SIRT3-mediated deacetylation and activation of Foxo3a promotes nuclear localization in vivo. These findings suggest that SIRT3 is an endogenous negative regulator in response to ANE-induced oxidative stress and demonstrate an essential role for redox balance in HOK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chieh Chen
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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10
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Li WC, Lee PL, Chou IC, Chang WJ, Lin SC, Chang KW. Molecular and cellular cues of diet-associated oral carcinogenesis-with an emphasis on areca-nut-induced oral cancer development. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:167-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Li
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Lee
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - I-Chiang Chou
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; Zhong-Xiao Branch; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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11
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Hung PS, Tu HF, Kao SY, Yang CC, Liu CJ, Huang TY, Chang KW, Lin SC. miR-31 is upregulated in oral premalignant epithelium and contributes to the immortalization of normal oral keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1162-71. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Shih YH, Chang KW, Chen MY, Yu CC, Lin DJ, Hsia SM, Huang HL, Shieh TM. Lysyl oxidase and enhancement of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:250-6. [PMID: 22367676 DOI: 10.1002/hed.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-dependent enzyme that cross-links collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. LOX overexpressed in various tumors. The manner in which LOX affects tumor growth remains controversial. METHODS Chemical treatment and gene transfection were used to induce LOX overexpression or inhibition in cell lines SAS and SVEC4-10. LOX mRNA, protein, and activity were confirmed before tube formation assay and tumorigenesis. The microvessels in the tumor section were detected by immunostaining CD31-positive endothelial cells. RESULTS LOX overexpression and copper induction of LOX activity increased SVEC4-10 tube formation. LOX silencing and β-aminopropionitrile inhibition of LOX activity had opposite effects. LOX overexpression increased proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. High LOX expression clones increased tumor size in a tumorigenesis model. The microvascular numbers were higher in LOX overexpression tumors than in control tumors. CONCLUSION LOX can induce cell proliferation and angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Shih
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Niu J, Huang YJ, Wei S, Liu Z, Wang LE, Chang S, Chamberlain RM, El-Naggar AK, Sturgis EM, Wei Q. Association between a functional polymorphism (-1195T>C) in the IGFBP5 promoter and head and neck cancer risk. Head Neck 2010; 33:650-60. [PMID: 20949447 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have evaluated roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) polymorphisms in risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). METHODS A hospital-based study of 1082 patients with SCCHN and 1120 cancer-free controls was performed to investigate associations between 2 functional polymorphisms, -1195T>C and -709G>C, in the IGFBP5 promoter region and SCCHN risk. RESULTS We demonstrated that the transcription factor, activator protein 1 (AP-1), differentially bound to T or C variants at -1195 in the promoter to regulate the IGFBP5 promoter activity and that the C variant genotypes were associated with deferential risk of late-stage SCCHN, compared to the TT genotype, particularly for human papillomavirus (HPV)-unrelated sites (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-4.11 for CC vs TT). CONCLUSION The IGFBP5 -1195T>C polymorphism is functional and may potentially be a biomarker for susceptibility to late-stage SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Niu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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14
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Samuel W, Kutty RK, Vijayasarathy C, Pascual I, Duncan T, Redmond TM. Decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 during N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide-induced neuronal differentiation of ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells: regulation by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:827-36. [PMID: 20583135 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-5 (IGFBP5), an important member of the IGF axis involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation, acts by modulating IGF signaling and also by IGF-independent mechanisms. We identified IGFBP5 by microarray analysis as a gene differentially regulated during N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR)-induced neuronal differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. IGFBP5 is expressed in human RPE cells, and its expression, mRNA as well as protein, is greatly decreased during the 4HPR-induced neuronal differentiation. Exogenous IGFBP5 does not block the neuronal differentiation indicating that IGFBP5 down-regulation may not be a prerequisite for the neuronal differentiation. IGFBP5 down-regulation, similar to neuronal differentiation, is mediated by the MAPK pathway since U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2, effectively blocked it. The overexpression of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta) inhibited the 4HPR-induced down-regulation of IGFBP5 expression and the neuronal differentiation of RPE cells. Interestingly, the binding of C/EBPbeta to the IGFBP5 promoter was decreased by the 4HPR treatment as indicated by gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Further, the deletion of C/EBP response element from IGFBP5 promoter markedly decreased the basal promoter activity and abolished its responsiveness to 4HPR treatment in reporter assays, suggesting that the expression of IGFBP5 is regulated by C/EBP. Thus, our results clearly demonstrate that the IGFBP5 expression is down-regulated during 4HPR-induced neuronal differentiation of human RPE cells through a MAPK signal transduction pathway involving C/EBPbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Samuel
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0706, USA.
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15
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Chang KW, Hung PS, Lin IY, Hou CP, Chen LK, Tsai YM, Lin SC. Curcumin upregulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and C/EBPalpha during oral cancer suppression. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:9-20. [PMID: 20127863 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a common food ingredient derived from the plant Curcuma longa and is a potent drug against tumorigenesis. Both insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) are suppressors of head and neck carcinogenesis. We identified curcumin as an inducer of IGFBP-5 expression in multiple types of oral keratinocytes; furthermore, curcumin induces IGFBP-5 promoter activity in SAS oral cancer cells. Promoter deletion mapping identified a region (nt -71 to nt -59 relative to the transcription start site) as containing a C/EBPalpha-binding element that is indispensable for curcumin-mediated IGFBP-5 upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that in vivo binding of C/EBPalpha to this region was remarkably increased in the presence of curcumin. Curcumin increased nuclear C/EBPalpha expression and IGFBP-5 expression through p38 activation and this was abrogated by SB203580 treatment. Furthermore, MKK6 expression activated p38 and C/EBPalpha, increasing IGFBP-5 promoter activity and expression. Finally, curcumin-induced IGFBP-5 expression is associated with the suppression of xenograft tumorigenesis in mice due to oral cancer cells. We conclude that curcumin activates p38, which, in turn, activates the C/EBPalpha transactivator by interacting with binding elements in the IGFBP-5 promoter. The consequential upregulation of C/EBPalpha and IGFBP-5 by curcumin is crucial to the suppression of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Rho SB, Dong SM, Kang S, Seo SS, Yoo CW, Lee DO, Woo JS, Park SY. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2106-11. [PMID: 18775916 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is one of the six members of IGFBP family, important for cell growth control, induction of apoptosis and other IGF-stimulated signaling pathways. In this study, we focused on characterizing the specific function of IGFBP-5 as novel antiangiostatic factor. Overexpression of IGFBP-5 suppressed the tube formation as well as the biological functions of angiostatic activity in vivo. This result is due to the reduced expressions of phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase, which plays important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis when stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor. Further, IGFBP-5 expression prevented tumor growth and inhibited tumor vascularity in a xenograft model of human ovarian cancer. These results are the first evidence showing that IGFBP-5 plays a role as tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Chang PMH, Teng HW, Chen PM, Chang SY, Chu PY, Tsai TL, Tai SK, Wang YF, Huang JL, Yang MH. Methotrexate and leucovorin double-modulated 5-fluorouracil combined with cisplatin (MPFL) in metastatic/recurrent head and neck cancer. J Chin Med Assoc 2008; 71:336-41. [PMID: 18653395 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(08)70135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the efficacy and safety profile of the combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil modulated both by methotrexate and leucovorin in metastatic/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. METHODS Twenty-eight patients were treated with cisplatin 40 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 24 hours on day 1; high-dose 5-fluorouracil 2,000 mg/m2/day and leucovorin 100 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 48 hours on days 1 and 2; methotrexate 40 mg/m2/day as a bolus infusion 4 hours before 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin on day 1. The treatment was repeated every 2 weeks in a cycle. RESULTS The overall response rate was 25%, and 14% of the patients achieved stable disease status. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significantly improved overall survival in the disease-control group (12.0 months vs. 5.3 months, p<0.001). Only 3 (10.7%) patients developed grade 3-4 neutropenia, and none developed grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity. CONCLUSION This multiagent-containing regimen has an excellent safety profile and improved survival in disease-control group of patients with metastatic/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Hung PS, Kao SY, Liu CJ, Tu HF, Wu CH, Lin SC. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 enhances the migration and differentiation of gingival epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:673-80. [PMID: 18624948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective was to define the roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) in gingival epithelial cells (GEC). Human IGFBP-5 is expressed in many cell types and has diverse biological functions. It stimulates the growth of bone cells and is associated with the impedance of gingival fibroblast apoptosis. In gingival epithelium, IGFBP-5 is expressed in the cells of the differentiated stratum spinosum layer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Recombinant IGFBP-5 protein treatment and knockdown of IGFBP-5 expression using a lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA was carried out in human GEC. Proliferation, apoptosis, anoikis, migration, differentiation and gene expression in GEC were analyzed and molecular images were obtained. RESULTS The IGFBP-5 had no effect on proliferation, but it slightly suppressed apoptosis and anoikis of GEC. It also induced GEC migration and upregulated the expression of involucrin, transglutaminase-1, keratin and focal adhesion kinase. The IGFBP-5 induced migration partly via an insulin-like growth factor-independent mechanism. The knockdown of IGFBP-5 downregulated the expression of involucrin, transglutaminase-1 and focal adhesion kinase. CONCLUSION Expression of IGFBP-5 in GEC is associated with anti-apoptosis, migration and differentiation of GEC. These phenotypic effects may be associated with focal adhesion kinase and are advantageous for re-epithelization of GEC and the maintenance of gingival health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-S Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Liu CJ, Liu TY, Kuo LT, Cheng HW, Chu TH, Chang KW, Lin SC. Differential gene expression signature between primary and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2008; 214:489-97. [PMID: 18213732 DOI: 10.1002/path.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a world-wide malignancy. This study aimed to identify differential gene expression associated with the progression of disease from primary to metastatic HNSCC. Microdissection retrieved pure epithelial cells from paired primary tumours and cervical lymph node metastasis. cDNA microarray analysis and algorithm grouping identified differential mRNA expression of 301 genes. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis clarified the up-regulation of CCL19, CR2, EGR2, FUCA1, RGS1, and SELL, as well as the down-regulation of IGFBP6 and KLK8 in nodal metastasis compared to primary tumours. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the up-regulation of SELL and down-regulation of IGFBP6 in nodal metastasis relative to primary tumours. Interestingly, primary tumours exhibiting higher FUCA1 and SELL expression were associated with significantly worse patient survival. In OECM-1 HNSCC cells, inhibition of proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth was noted following knockdown of SELL expression. In SAS HNSCC cells, expression of exogenous SELL resulted in increased invasion, anchorage-independent growth, and xenographic tumourigenesis in nude mice. Knockdown of FUCA1 and treatment with IGFBP6 inhibited the migration of OECM-1 cells. Knockdown of RGS1 inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of SAS cells. Our results provide a useful gene signature profile describing the factors underlying the metastasis of HNSCC to cervical lymph nodes, which may be beneficial for the treatment of HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, surgery Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Hung PS, Kao SY, Shih YH, Chiou SH, Liu CJ, Chang KW, Lin SC. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) suppresses the tumourigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2008; 214:368-76. [PMID: 18085517 DOI: 10.1002/path.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a global malignancy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis plays a critical role in tumourigenesis. This study defined the clinical and functional roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) in HNSCC. Down-regulation of IGFBP-5 mRNA expression was found during the progression from pre-cancer to HNSCC. The down-regulation in HNSCC was associated with a higher propensity to nodal metastasis. SAS and OECM-1 are HNSCC cells that do, or do not, express IGFBP-5, respectively. Recombinant IGFBP-5 reduced the proliferation of OECM-1 cells and this was exerted mainly through blockade of the IGF pathways. Either IGFBP-5 or IGF-I treatment alone promoted OECM-1 migration, but a combination of treatments generated antagonistic effects. Overexpression of IGFBP-5 reduced the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of both OECM-1 and SAS cells. Conversely, knockdown of IGFBP-5 expression significantly induced the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of SAS cells. It also induced the growth of xenografted SAS tumours. SAS transfectants that expressed mutant or truncated IGFBP-5, which lack IGF binding activity, exhibited significantly lower anchorage-independent growth than vector control. This suggests that IGFBP-5 possesses an IGF-independent suppressor function. The suppressive effects of IGFBP-5 on the tumourigenesis of HNSCC might be invaluable to future neoplastic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-S Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Shieh TM, Lin SC, Liu CJ, Chang SS, Ku TH, Chang KW. Association of expression aberrances and genetic polymorphisms of lysyl oxidase with areca-associated oral tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4378-85. [PMID: 17671119 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Areca nut use is the major cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Southern Asians. Areca nut contains a high level of free copper ions. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-activated enzyme critical for extracellular matrix organization. Contradictory evidence has been put forward to suggest that LOX may be either an oncogenic or a suppressive element. This study investigated the oncogenic significance of LOX in areca-associated OSCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression assays and polymorphism analysis were done to know the clinicopathologic implications of LOX status in OSCC. Knockdown and overexpression experiments were conducted to know the phenotypic effects of LOX on OSCC cells. RESULTS Up-regulation of LOX mRNA and LOX protein expression in OSCCs relative to adjacent oral mucosa was found. Precancerous lesions had the highest LOX mRNA expression. Areca nut extract up-regulated LOX expression in oral epithelial cells. Knockdown of LOX induced cellular migration and invasion, but it reduced the anchorage-independent growth and xenographic tumorigenesis of OSCC cells. The reduction of migration and invasion by LOX overexpression was partially rescued by blockage of LOX activity. The Arg158Gln polymorphism was associated with earlier clinical stage of OSCC. Wild-type LOX overexpression induced anchorage-independent growth in OSCC cells, but this was not for LOXArg158Gln overexpression. CONCLUSION LOX exerts oncogenic roles in areca-associated OSCC. This potential could be affected by the existence of LOX propeptide domain or genetic polymorphism.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Areca/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Cell Movement
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/drug effects
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Mucosa/drug effects
- Mouth Mucosa/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Mouth Neoplasms/enzymology
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/genetics
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Ming Shieh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Tseng YH, Chang CS, Liu TY, Kao SY, Chang KW, Lin SC. Areca nut extract treatment down-regulates involucrin in normal human oral keratinocyte through P13K/AKT activation. Oral Oncol 2007; 43:670-9. [PMID: 17070098 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Areca (betel) is an important etiological factor linked to the high prevalence of oral carcinoma and other oral diseases in South Asians. Involucrin is a key component of the cornified envelop and a differentiation marker of keratinocyte. In this study, we found that 5 microg/ml non-toxic areca nut extract (ANE) treatment resulted in the 0.5-fold down-regulation of involucrin and disruption in involucrin distribution in normal human oral keratinocyte (NHOK). Progressive down-regulation of involucrin during oral carcinogenesis was noted. Activation of AKT by 1.7-fold and up-regulation of COX-2 by 2-fold were elicited following ANE treatment in NHOK. Treatment with PI3K/AKT blockers reverted the down-regulation of involucrin. ANE also down-regulated involucrin by 0.6-fold and disturbed both cornified envelope and cell aggregation in calcium-induced differentiated NHOK. However, such phenomena seemed to be independent from the ANE-associated COX-2 activation. The ANE-associated down-regulation of involucrin through AKT pathway could underlie the areca-associated epithelial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Miyatake T, Ueda Y, Nakashima R, Yoshino K, Kimura T, Murata T, Nomura T, Fujita M, Buzard GS, Enomoto T. Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5): novel marker for cervical carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2068-77. [PMID: 17290407 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the underlying pathways of cervical carcinogenesis, cDNA microarray analysis was performed on 2 sets of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and their adjacent normal squamous epithelia. Consistently altered expression was detected for 32 genes. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was conducted on a selected subset of these genes (S100A2, GPC4, p72, IGFBP-5, TRIM2 and NAB2) for 14 additional SCCs and 10 normal epithelia. This found that, of the 6 candidate genes, only the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA was generally and significantly under-expressed in SCCs (p < 0.001). All normal cervical epithelia (30 of 30) stained positively for IGFBP-5 protein, with 70% showing strong staining, whereas 65% (17/26) of SCC had complete loss of IGFBP-5, and only 8% (2/26) SCC retained strong expression (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry of premalignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions shows a significantly weaker or negative staining in advanced CIN3 lesions compared with normal squamous epithelia (p = 0.001). This is the first study to show that down-regulation of IGFBP-5 protein correlates with cervical carcinogenesis and does so at a preneoplastic stage.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Human papillomavirus 16/classification
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5/biosynthesis
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5/deficiency
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Papillomavirus Infections/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyatake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Martinez I, Wang J, Hobson KF, Ferris RL, Khan SA. Identification of differentially expressed genes in HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 2006; 43:415-32. [PMID: 17079134 PMCID: PMC1847595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The goal of this study was to compare the cellular gene expression profiles of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinomas with those of the normal oral epithelium. Using Affymetrix Human U133A GeneChip, our results showed that 397 genes were differentially expressed in HPV-positive SCCHN compared to the normal oral epithelium. The upregulated genes included those involved in cell cycle regulation (CDKN2A), cell differentiation (SFRP4) and DNA repair (RAD51AP1), while the downregulated genes included those involved in proteolysis (PRSS3). We also found 162 differentially expressed genes in HPV-negative SCCHN compared to the normal oral mucosa. The upregulated genes included those involved in cell proliferation (AKR1C3) and transcription regulation (SNAPC1), while downregulated genes included those involved in apoptosis (CLU) and RNA processing (RBM3). Our studies also identified a subgroup of 59 differentially expressed genes in HPV-positive SCCHN as compared to both HPV-negative SCCHN and normal oral tissues. Such upregulated genes included those involved in nuclear structure and meiosis (SYCP2), DNA repair (RFC5), and transcription regulation (ZNF238). Genes involved in proteolysis (KLK8) and signal transduction (CRABP2) were found to be downregulated in HPV-positive SCCHN. The results of GeneChip experiments were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of a few representative genes. Our results reveal specific gene expression patterns in HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas that may serve as potential biomarkers for the development of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martinez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15208, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenosha F. Hobson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15208, USA
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPCI Resea4rch pavilion, The Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saleem A. Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15208, USA
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 412 648 9025; fax: 1 412 624 1401. E-mail address:
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25
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Chiang WC, Wong YK, Lin SC, Chang KW, Liu CJ. Increase of MMP-13 expression in multi-stage oral carcinogenesis and epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppress MMP-13 expression. Oral Dis 2006; 12:27-33. [PMID: 16390465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in tumor progression. MMP-13 (collagenase-3) digests collagen and other extracellular components. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and zymograph were used to study the roles of MMP-13 during the neoplastic process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). RESULTS Increase of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC cell lines relative to cultivated normal oral keratinocytes was found. MMP-13 mRNA expression in OSCC was significantly higher than in non-cancerous match tissue (NCMT) in 36 tissue pairs. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma also exhibited high MMP-13 mRNA expression. The percentage of OSCC exhibiting strong MMP-13 immunoreactivity was significantly higher than pre-invasive lesion and NCMT. Treatment with >5 microm epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to OEC-M1 cells suppressed the expression and activity of MMP-13. CONCLUSION MMP-13 could be a potential tumor marker for OSCC. The effects of EGCG in tumor inhibition may act partially through the modulation of MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Chiang
- The School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu SY, Chang KW, Liu CJ, Tseng YH, Lu HH, Lee SY, Lin SC. Ripe areca nut extract induces G1 phase arrests and senescence-associated phenotypes in normal human oral keratinocyte. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:1273-84. [PMID: 16474177 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 200-600 million Asians chew areca (also called betel), which contains a mixture of areca nut and other ingredients. Epidemiological evidences indicated that areca use is tightly linked to oral carcinogenesis. This study investigated the effects of ripe areca nut extract (ANE) on cultured normal human oral keratinocyte (NHOK). Acute subtoxic ANE treatment inhibited DNA synthesis and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in early passage (< 4th passage) cells. This was accompanied by a slight increase in the sub-G1 cellular fraction. O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), Hsp27 and p38MAPK was upregulated. p16 and p21 were remarkably upregulated early and declined afterwards. In contrast, the increase of dephosphorylated Rb seemed to be secondary to the episodes of p16 and p21 upregulation. To simulate the chronic areca exposure in vivo, constant ANE treatment in serial NHOK culture was performed. It resulted in a significant decrease in the population doubling, increase in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) and decrease in cell proliferation in NHOK of late passages (> or = 4th passage). Induction of senescence-associated phenotypes, G2/M accumulation and genomic instability following long-term ANE treatment were also observed in a low-grade oral carcinoma cell. ANE-treated NHOK also had a higher nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) fraction and a lower cytosolic IkappaBalpha level relative to the control in late passages. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that ANE treatment shifted the NF-kappaB complex from high mobility position to lower mobility position in late-passaged NHOK. ANE treatment also upregulated IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions in late-passaged NHOK. In summary, our findings suggest that ANE induces the cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and the occurrence of senescence-associated phenotypes of NHOK. The upregulation of p38MAPK, p16, p21, NF-kappaB, IL-6 and COX-2 are likely to participate in the control of these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Yi Lu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin SC, Li WC, Shih JW, Hong KF, Pan YR, Lin JJ. The tea polyphenols EGCG and EGC repress mRNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 236:80-8. [PMID: 15975707 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols have inhibitive effects for carcinogenesis. A reporter system controlled by hTERT promoter was constructed to evaluate the effects of tea polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) on the repression of hTERT transcription. The hTERT promoter activity was selectively repressed by 20-40 microM EGCG and EGC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed that the endogenous hTERT mRNA level was decreased in H1299, OECM-1 and SAS cells treated with EGCG or EGC. Our results identified the repression activities of EGCG and EGC toward telomerase expression that might be linked to inhibition of carcinoma cell growth. This cell-based reporter system is useful for screening drugs targeting hTERT repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Li-Nong St, Sec., 2, No155, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Suzuki Y, Takeda M, Sakakura Y, Suzuki N. Distinct expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor family in rodent taste buds. J Comp Neurol 2005; 482:74-84. [PMID: 15612015 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in a variety of tissues. In the present study, the expression of IGF family members in the taste buds of mice and rats was examined. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, mRNA of IGF-I and -II, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), insulin receptor (insulin R), and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 was detected in the taste bud-containing epithelium of the circumvallate papillae of mice. As suggested by the study using degenerate PCR (McLaughlin [2000] J. Neurosci. 20:5679-5688), IGF-IR was expressed in most of the taste bud cells of adult mice, as found by immunohistochemistry, and in those of postnatal day (P) 6 mice by in situ hybridization. Insulin R, which has strong homology to IGF-IR, was also detected in most of the taste bud cells of mice by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. IGF-I immunoreactivity was detected in a few taste bud cells and in the epithelium surrounding taste buds. Northern blot analysis revealed that the amount of IGF-I mRNA in taste bud-containing epithelium was very low compared with that in liver. IGF-II immunoreactivity was weakly detected in mouse taste buds and the surrounding epithelium. In the rat tissue, a subset of the taste bud cells was positive for IGF-II. Among the six IGFBPs, IGFBP-2, -5, and -6 were detected in the mouse taste buds: IGFBP-2 and -5 immunoreactivity was seen in the majority of the taste bud cells, whereas IGFBP-6 immunoreactivity was found in the nerve fibers innervating the taste buds. In situ hybridization study also revealed that IGFBP-2 and -5 mRNA was synthesized in the taste buds of P6 mice and that the expression of these mRNAs overlapped in von Ebner's glands. These data reveal that IGF-I and -II might be produced in taste bud cells and (or) surrounding lingual epithelium and act through IGF-IR and insulin R locally in a paracrine and autocrine manner. The activity of these IGFs may be modulated through their interaction with IGFBP-2, -5, and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan.
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Lin SC, Liu CJ, Ko SY, Chang HC, Liu TY, Chang KW. Copy number amplification of 3q26–27 oncogenes in microdissected oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral brushed samples from areca chewers. J Pathol 2005; 206:417-22. [PMID: 15906274 DOI: 10.1002/path.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide disease. In South Asians, the high prevalence of OSCC is tightly linked to areca chewing. The prognosis for OSCC remains dismal and improvement in early diagnosis may benefit the survival of patients with this disease. Chromosome region 3q26-27 has been shown to carry several oncogenes. By quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), the gene copy numbers of TERC, PI3KCA, ZASC1, and TP63 from microdissected OSCCs have been determined. Copy number amplifications of PI3KCA and ZASC1, a newly identified zinc finger transcription factor, were identified in 30 (65%) and 32 (70%) of 46 primary OSCCs, respectively. Co-amplification of PI3KCA and ZASC1 in 50% of primary OSCCs suggests that they are critical targets of the 3q26.3 amplicon. OSCCs carrying higher levels of PI3KCA and/or ZASC1 copy number amplification were associated with a significantly higher propensity for lymph node metastasis. ZASC1 mRNA expression in OSCC was also associated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, copy number amplification of at least one 3q26-27 oncogene was detected in brush samples from 10 of 22 (45%) patients with oral leukoplakia and 5 of 20 (25%) oral mucosa samples from areca chewers without a visible lesion. These data indicate frequent copy number amplification and overexpression of ZASC1 in OSCC. The findings also suggest the potential use of Q-PCR analysis and brush collection of samples to dissect OSCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Lin
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Brendel C, Kuklick L, Hartmann O, Kim TD, Boudriot U, Schwell D, Neubauer A. Distinct gene expression profile of human mesenchymal stem cells in comparison to skin fibroblasts employing cDNA microarray analysis of 9600 genes. Gene Expr 2005; 12:245-57. [PMID: 16355723 PMCID: PMC6009126 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783992043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Broad differentiation capacity has been described for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human bone marrow. We sought to identify genes associated with the immature state and pluripotency of this cell type. To prove the pluripotent state of the MSC, differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was performed in vitro. In contrast, normal skin cells did not harbor these differentiation abilities. We compared the expression profile of human bone marrow MSC with cDNA from one primary human skin cell line as control, using a cDNA chip providing 9600 genes. The identity of all relevant genes was confirmed by direct sequencing. Data of gene array expression were corroborated employing quantitative PCR analysis. About 80 genes were differently expressed more than threefold in MSC compared to mature skin fibroblasts. Interestingly, primary human MSC were found to upregulate a number of genes important for embryogenesis such as distal-less homeo box 5, Eyes absent homolog 2, inhibitor of DNA binding 3, and LIM protein. In contrast, mesenchymal lineage genes were downregulated in MSC in comparison to skin cells. We also detected expression of some genes involved in neural development, indicating the broad differentiation capabilities of MSC. We conclude that human mesenchymal stem cells harbor an expression profile distinct from mature skin fibroblast, and genes associated with developmental processes and stem cell function are highly expressed in adult mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
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Ko SY, Lin SC, Chang KW, Wong YK, Liu CJ, Chi CW, Liu TY. Increased expression of amyloid precursor protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2004; 111:727-32. [PMID: 15252842 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we identified amyloid precursor protein (APP) in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-enriching subtractive hybridization library. Our present study attempts to define the significance of APP expression in the genesis of OSCC. RT-PCR analysis showed increase in APP mRNA expression for more than 2-fold in 76% of OSCC (n = 55) relative to corresponding non-cancerous matched tissues (NCMT). The majority of esophageal SCCs also had increase in APP mRNA expression. OSCC patients exhibiting increase in APP mRNA expression had significantly lower survival rate compared to patients exhibiting the opposite status. Western blotting analysis identified APP751 and APP770 as the major APP isoforms in oral keratinocytes. A high correlation between mRNA and protein expressions of APP was noted in OSCC/NCMT pairs. Immunohistochemistry further showed a remarkable increase of APP in OSCC tissue relative to NCMT. Treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide against APP reduced cellular and secreted APP as well as growth in an OSCC cell line. Our study provides novel clues that APP expression is involved in the proliferation and carcinogenesis of OSCC. Correlated with such pathogenesis was the survival of its victims. The degree of APP expression could serve as an invaluable marker for oral carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/biosynthesis
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Cell Division
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yao Ko
- Institute of Pharmacology National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
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Tsai WC, Tsai ST, Ko JY, Jin YT, Li C, Huang W, Young KC, Lai MD, Liu HS, Wu LW. The mRNA profile of genes in betel quid chewing oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:418-26. [PMID: 14969821 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/18/2003] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common types of human cancer in the world. Although the risk factors for oral cancer are well-recognized in different countries, the molecular mechanism responsible for this malignancy remains elusive particularly in the countries where betel quid chewing is prevalent. The cDNA microarray analysis was used to analyse the mRNA expression patterns of 1177 genes in ten oral cancer patients with betel quid chewing history. Eighty-four genes involving cell adhesion, cell shape, growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and metabolism were deregulated. Although the expression profile of these genes was shared by certain clinical patients, there was no significant association of the expression profile with clinical staging. Functional implication of four validated genes including caspase-1, STAT-1, COX-2 and pleiotrophin was discussed. This study provides pilot data for understanding the pathogenesis of oral cancer in countries like Taiwan where betel quid chewing is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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Scott LA, Vass JK, Parkinson EK, Gillespie DAF, Winnie JN, Ozanne BW. Invasion of normal human fibroblasts induced by v-Fos is independent of proliferation, immortalization, and the tumor suppressors p16INK4a and p53. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:1540-59. [PMID: 14749371 PMCID: PMC344183 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.4.1540-1559.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion is generally perceived to be a late event during the progression of human cancer, but to date there are no consistent reports of alterations specifically associated with malignant conversion. We provide evidence that the v-Fos oncogene induces changes in gene expression that render noninvasive normal human diploid fibroblasts highly invasive, without inducing changes in growth factor requirements or anchorage dependence for proliferation. Furthermore, v-Fos-stimulated invasion is independent of the pRb/p16(INK4a) and p53 tumor suppressor pathways and telomerase. We have performed microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChips, and the gene expression profile of v-Fos transformed cells supports its role in the regulation of invasion, independent from proliferation. We also demonstrate that invasion, but not proliferation, is dependent on the activity of the up-regulated epidermal growth factor receptor. Taken together, these results indicate that AP-1-directed invasion could precede deregulated proliferation during tumorigenesis and that sustained activation of AP-1 could be the epigenetic event required for conversion of a benign tumor into a malignant one, thereby explaining why many malignant human tumors present without an obvious premalignant hyperproliferative dysplastic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Scott
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
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Chang KW, Yuan TC, Fang KP, Yang FS, Liu CJ, Chang CS, Lin SC. The increase of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.4 mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:606-11. [PMID: 14632936 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium channels have been reported to be involved in the proliferation of many types of cells, including tumor cells. The overexpression of the K+ channel and related channel activity are involved in the neoplastic process. METHODS We examined the expression of an A-type voltage-gated K+ channel, Kv3.4, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) compared with non-cancerous matched tissue (NCMT) using RT-PCR analysis. In addition, administration of an A-type K+ channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed specifically against Kv3.4 were performed to identify the involvement of Kv3.4 in the growth of OSCC cells. RESULTS A significantly increase in the frequency of Kv3.4 mRNA expression was identified in OSCC (64%) compared to corresponding NCMT (29%) (P = 0.05). The increase of Kv3.4 mRNA expression was also eminent in ESCC. Growth of OSCC cells was significantly inhibited by 4-AP in a dose-dependent manner at different time point of treatment. In OECM-1 OSCC cells, a significant growth inhibition was noted in antisense ODN-treated cells compared to control cells. CONCLUSION We provide novel evidences of the increase of Kv3.4 mRNA expression in OSCC. The abrogation of Kv3.4 inhibits the growth of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chang
- The School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hung KF, Lin SC, Liu CJ, Chang CS, Chang KW, Kao SY. The biphasic differential expression of the cellular membrane protein, caveolin-1, in oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:461-7. [PMID: 12901727 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased expression of Cav-1 is seen in various cancers from prostate, esophagus, colon, breast and pancreas yet the information regarding the correlation between the expression of Cav-1 and oral cancer is blind. Thus, the expression profile of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in oral carcinogenesis and the correlation to the clinicopathologic covariates are examined in this study. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Cav-1 expression in non-cancerous matched tissues (NCMT; n=12), and tissue from normal oral mucosa (NOM; n=12), oral pre-cancer lesions (OPL; n=17), primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (POSCC; n=47) and metastatic OSCC (MOSCC; n=8). The Cav-1 expression was correlated to the age, site, areca use, stage, size, nodal involvement, and differentiation stage. Western blot was used to confirm the specificity of antibody and to follow changes in Cav-1 expression. RESULTS The Cav-1 immunoreactivity increased significantly from 8% in NOM and 17% in NCMT to 53% in OPL and 79% in POSCC. In addition, lymph node metastasis (LNM) was present in 62% of Cav-1(+) POSCCs, but only in 10% of Cav-1(-) POSCCs. Remarkably, only 38% of MOSCCs had Cav-1 immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION An increased Cav-1 expression is seen in the stepwise carcinogenesis from NOM, NCMT, OPL to POSCC. The decrease in expression from the POSCC to MOSCC indicates the value to explore its biphasic functions in oral carcinogenesis. Whether Cav-1 is an important predictor or prognosis for survival still awaits the extension of clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Dentistry, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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