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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Wang Z, Xie X, Wang M, Ding M, Gu S, Xing X, Sun X. Analysis of common and characteristic actions of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng in wound healing based on network pharmacology and meta-analysis. J Ginseng Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Fan XL, Yu SS, Zhao JL, Li Y, Zhan DJ, Xu F, Lin ZH, Chen J. Brevinin-2PN, an antimicrobial peptide identified from dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus), exhibits wound-healing activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 137:104519. [PMID: 36041640 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brevinins exhibit a wide range of structural features and strong biological activities. Brevinin-2, derived from several amphibians, has shown antimicrobial activities. However, little is known about the wound-healing activity of brevinin-2. In this study, brevinin-2 cDNA was identified from the skin transcriptome of the dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) and it comprises a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a mature peptide. Sequence alignment with brevinin-2 derived from other amphibians showed variability of the mature peptide, and the presence of a C-terminal cyclic heptapeptide domain (Cys-Lys-Xaa4-Cys) in the mature peptide. Dark-spotted frog brevinin-2 belonged to the brevinin-2 cluster and was closely related to brevinin-2HB1 from Pelophylax hubeiensis. Synthetic dark-spotted frog brevinin-2 mature peptide (brevinin-2PN) exhibited antibacterial activity against several pathogens by destroying cell membrane integrity and hydrolysis of genomic DNA. Brevinin-2PN exhibited significant wound-healing activity by accelerating the healing of human skin fibroblast cell scratches, influencing cell migration, and stimulating gene expression of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Fan
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Shui-Sheng Yu
- Ecological Forestry Development Center of Suichang County, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jia-Le Zhao
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Du-Juan Zhan
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
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Silver Nanoparticles Biocomposite Films with Antimicrobial Activity: In Vitro and In Vivo Tests. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810671. [PMID: 36142584 PMCID: PMC9503464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overuse of antimicrobials by the population has contributed to genetic modifications in bacteria and development of antimicrobial resistance, which is very difficult to combat nowadays. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop new systems for the administration of antimicrobial active principles. Biocomposite systems containing silver nanoparticles can be a good medical alternative. In this context, the main objective of this study was to obtain a complex system in the form of a biocomposite film with antimicrobial properties based on chitosan, poly (vinyl alcohol) and silver nanoparticles. This new system was characterized from a structural and morphological point of view. The swelling degree, the mechanical properties and the efficiency of loading and release of an anti-inflammatory drug were also evaluated. The obtained biocomposite films are biocompatibles, this having been demonstrated by in vitro tests on HDFa cell lines, and have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The in vivo tests, carried out on rabbit subjects, highlighted the fact that signs of reduced fibrosis were specific to the C2P4.10.Ag1-IBF film sample, demonstrated by: intense expression of TNFAIP8 factors; as an anti-apoptotic marker, MHCII that favors immune cooperation among local cells; αSMA, which marks the presence of myofibroblasts involved in approaching the interepithelial spaces for epithelialization; and reduced expression of the Cox2 indicator of inflammation, Col I.
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Feng G, Wei L, Che H, Shen Y, Yang J, Mi K, Liu J, Wu J, Yang H, Mu L. A Frog Peptide Ameliorates Skin Photoaging Through Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:761011. [PMID: 35126108 PMCID: PMC8807480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many bioactive peptides have been identified from the frog skins, their protective effects and the molecular mechanisms against skin photodamage are still poorly understood. In this study, a novel 20-residue peptide (antioxidin-NV, GWANTLKNVAGGLCKMTGAA) was characterized from the skin of plateau frog Nanorana ventripunctata. Antioxidin-NV obviously decreased skin erythema, thickness and wrinkle formation induced by Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure in hairless mice. In UVB-irradiated keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and hairless mice, it effectively inhibited DNA damage through reducing p-Histone H2A.X (γH2AX) expression, alleviated cell apoptosis by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-specific protein (cleaved caspase 3), and reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production via blocking UVB-activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/p38/JNK/NF-κB signaling. In UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblasts (HSF cells) and hairless mice, it effectively restored HSF cells survival rate, and rescued α-SMA accumulation and collagen (especially type I collagen) production by restoring transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2 signaling. We found that antioxidin-NV directly and rapidly scavenged intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in HaCaT cells upon UVB irradiation, and quickly eliminated the artificial free radicals, 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+). Taken together, antioxidin-NV directly and rapidly scavenged excessive ROS upon UVB irradiation, subsequently alleviated UVB-induced DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory response, thus protecting against UVB-induced skin photoaging. These properties makes antioxidin-NV an excellent candidate for the development of novel anti-photoaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhu Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Helong Che
- Department of General Surgery, the 908th Hospital of Chinese PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Mi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wu, ; Hailong Yang, ; Lixian Mu,
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wu, ; Hailong Yang, ; Lixian Mu,
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wu, ; Hailong Yang, ; Lixian Mu,
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Conta G, Libanori A, Tat T, Chen G, Chen J. Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007502. [PMID: 34014583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current solutions developed for the purpose of in and on body (IOB) electrical stimulation (ES) lack autonomous qualities necessary for comfortable, practical, and self-dependent use. Consequently, recent focus has been placed on developing self-powered IOB therapeutic devices capable of generating therapeutic ES for human use. With the recent invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), harnessing passive human biomechanical energy to develop self-powered systems has allowed for the introduction of novel therapeutic ES solutions. TENGs are especially effective at providing ES for IOB therapeutic systems given their bioconformability, low cost, simple manufacturability, and self-powering capabilities. Due to the key role of naturally induced electrical signals in many physiological functions, TENG-induced ES holds promise to provide a novel paradigm in therapeutic interventions. The aim here is to detail research on IOB TENG devices applied for ES-based therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, neurology, rehabilitation, and pharmaceutical engineering. Furthermore, considering TENG-produced ES can be measured for sensing applications, this technology is paving the way to provide a fully autonomous personalized healthcare system, capable of IOB energy generation, sensing, and therapeutic intervention. Considering these grounds, it seems highly relevant to review TENG-ES research and applications, as they could constitute the foundation and future of personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Conta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Trinny Tat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Kim J, Hasegawa T, Wada A, Maeda Y, Ikeda S. Keratinocyte-Like Cells Trans-Differentiated from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Facilitate Skin Wound Healing in Mice. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:324-332. [PMID: 34341633 PMCID: PMC8273321 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to promote wound healing in both animal models and human studies. Among MSCs, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be easily harvested in large quantities. Objective We investigated whether skin wound healing in mice can be facilitated by keratinocyte-like cells differentiated from ADSCs (KC-ADSCs). Methods For the wound contraction and epithelialization model, a 20 mm×20 mm fullthickness skin wound was made on the dorsum. For the wound epithelialization model, a 6 mm×6 mm full-thickness skin wound was made on the dorsum. A nitrile rubber stent with an inner diameter of 8 mm was sutured around the wounds to minimize wound contraction. Undifferentiated ADSCs (uADSCs) or KC-ADSCs was injected around the wound base in both models. To evaluate whether the injected ADSCs could enhance wound contraction in a skin wound, the contractile activity of ADSCs was assessed by an in vitro type I collagen gel contraction assay. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expressions in uADSCs and KC-ADSCs were also evaluated by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results In a wound contraction and epithelialization model, KC-ADSCs further facilitated wound healing compared with uADSCs. In a wound epithelialization model, KC-ADSCs also further facilitated wound epithelialization compared with uADSCs. The contractile activity of KC-ADSCs was lower than that of uADSCs. The uADSCs expressed high levels of αSMA, which decreased after the differentiation into keratinocyte-like cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that the wound healing effect of KC-ADSCs depends primarily on re-epithelialization rather than wound contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghun Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akino Wada
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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What Is the Impact of Depletion of Immunoregulatory Genes on Wound Healing? A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8862953. [PMID: 33488938 PMCID: PMC7787779 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8862953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors are known to play an important role in the skin wound closure process; however, in knockout organisms, the levels of these molecules can undergo changes that result in the delay or acceleration of this process. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from preclinical studies about the main immunoregulatory molecules involved in skin repair through the analysis of the main mechanisms involved in the depletion of immunoregulatory genes, and we carried out a critical analysis of the methodological quality of these studies. We searched biomedical databases, and only original studies were analyzed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were limited to those which used knockout animals and excision or incision wound models without intervention. A total of 27 studies were selected; data for animal models, gene depletion, wound characteristics, and immunoregulatory molecules were evaluated and compared whenever possible. Methodological quality assessments were examined using the ARRIVE and SYRCLE's bias of risk tool. In our review, the extracellular molecules act more negatively in the wound healing process when silenced and the metabolic pathway most affected involved in these processes was TGF-β/Smad, and emphasis was given to the importance of the participation of macrophages in TGF-β signaling. Besides that, proinflammatory molecules were more evaluated than anti-inflammatory ones, and the main molecules evaluated were, respectively, TGF-β1, followed by VEGF, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Overall, most gene depletions delayed wound healing, negatively influenced the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, and consequently promoted a decrease of inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition, compromising the formation of granulation tissue. The studies presented heterogeneous data and exhibited methodological limitations; therefore, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of the evidence.
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Scull G, Brown AC. Development of novel microenvironments for promoting enhanced wound healing. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2020; 1:73-87. [PMID: 33748773 PMCID: PMC7968354 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonhealing wounds are a significant issue facing the healthcare industry. Materials that modulate the wound microenvironment have the potential to improve healing outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS A variety of acellular and cellular scaffolds have been developed for regulating the wound microenvironment, including materials for controlled release of antimicrobials and growth factors, materials with inherent immunomodulative properties, and novel colloidal-based scaffolds. Scaffold construction methods include electrospinning, 3D printing, decellularization of extracellular matrix, or a combination of techniques. Material application methods include layering or injecting at the wound site. SUMMARY Though these techniques show promise for repairing wounds, all material strategies thus far struggle to induce regeneration of features such as sweat glands and hair follicles. Nonetheless, innovative technologies currently in the research phase may facilitate future attainment of these features. Novel methods and materials are constantly arising for the development of microenvironments for enhanced wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Scull
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Anderson PJ, Cowin AJ. Increasing the level of cytoskeletal protein Flightless I reduces adhesion formation in a murine digital flexor tendon model. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:362. [PMID: 32854733 PMCID: PMC7450967 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical repair of tendons is common, but function is often limited due to the formation of flexor tendon adhesions which reduce the mobility and use of the affected digit and hand. The severity of adhesion formation is dependent on numerous cellular processes many of which involve the actin cytoskeleton. Flightless I (Flii) is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein, which has previously been identified as a potential target for improved healing of tendon injuries. Using human in vitro cell studies in conjunction with a murine model of partial laceration of the digital flexor tendon, we investigated the effect of modulating Flii levels on tenocyte function and formation of adhesions. Methods Human tenocyte proliferation and migration was determined using WST-1 and scratch wound assays following Flii knockdown by siRNA in vitro. Additionally, mice with normal and increased levels of Flii were subjected to a partial laceration of the digital flexor tendon in conjunction with a full tenotomy to immobilise the paw. Resulting adhesions were assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry for collagen I, III, TGF-β1and -β3 Results Flii knockdown significantly reduced human tenocyte proliferation and migration in vitro. Increasing the expression of Flii significantly reduced digital tendon adhesion formation in vivo which was confirmed through significantly smaller adhesion scores based on collagen fibre orientation, thickness, proximity to other fibres and crimping. Reduced adhesion formation was accompanied with significantly decreased deposition of type I collagen and increased expression of TGF-β1 in vivo. Conclusions These findings suggest that increasing the level of Flii in an injured tendon may be beneficial for decreasing tendon adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Komi DEA, Khomtchouk K, Santa Maria PL. A Review of the Contribution of Mast Cells in Wound Healing: Involved Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:298-312. [PMID: 30729428 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), apart from their classic role in allergy, contribute to a number of biologic processes including wound healing. In particular, two aspects of their histologic distribution within the skin have attracted the attention of researchers to study their wound healing role; they represent up to 8% of the total number of cells within the dermis and their cutaneous versions are localized adjacent to the epidermis and the subdermal vasculature and nerves. At the onset of a cutaneous injury, the accumulation of MCs and release of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators have been well documented. The role of MC-derived mediators has been investigated through the stages of wound healing including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. They contribute to hemostasis and clot formation by enhancing the expression of factor XIIIa in dermal dendrocytes through release of TNF-α, and contribute to clot stabilization. Keratinocytes, by secreting stem cell factor (SCF), recruit MCs to the site. MCs in return release inflammatory mediators, including predominantly histamine, VEGF, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, that contribute to increase of endothelial permeability and vasodilation, and facilitate migration of inflammatory cells, mainly monocytes and neutrophils to the site of injury. MCs are capable of activating the fibroblasts and keratinocytes, the predominant cells involved in wound healing. MCs stimulate fibroblast proliferation during the proliferative phase via IL-4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to produce a new extracellular matrix (ECM). MC-derived mediators including fibroblast growth factor-2, VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TGF-β, nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-4, and IL-8 contribute to neoangiogenesis, fibrinogenesis, or reepithelialization during the repair process. MC activation inhibition and targeting the MC-derived mediators are potential therapeutic strategies to improve wound healing through reduced inflammatory responses and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kelly Khomtchouk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 801 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 801 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Advances in the Research of Bioinks Based on Natural Collagen, Polysaccharide and Their Derivatives for Skin 3D Bioprinting. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061237. [PMID: 32485901 PMCID: PMC7362214 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin plays an important role in protecting the human body, and wound healing must be set in motion immediately following injury or trauma to restore the normal structure and function of skin. The extracellular matrix component of the skin mainly consists of collagen, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), elastin and hyaluronic acid (HA). Recently, natural collagen, polysaccharide and their derivatives such as collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan and pectin have been selected as the matrix materials of bioink to construct a functional artificial skin due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties by 3D bioprinting, which is a revolutionary technology with the potential to transform both research and medical therapeutics. In this review, we outline the current skin bioprinting technologies and the bioink components for skin bioprinting. We also summarize the bioink products practiced in research recently and current challenges to guide future research to develop in a promising direction. While there are challenges regarding currently available skin bioprinting, addressing these issues will facilitate the rapid advancement of 3D skin bioprinting and its ability to mimic the native anatomy and physiology of skin and surrounding tissues in the future.
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13
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Arora PD, Nakajima K, Nanda A, Plaha A, Wilde A, Sacks DB, McCulloch CA. Flightless anchors IQGAP1 and R-ras to mediate cell extension formation and matrix remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1595-1610. [PMID: 32432944 PMCID: PMC7521798 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tractional remodeling of collagen fibrils by fibroblasts requires long cell extensions that mediate fibril alignment. The formation of these cell extensions involves flightless I (FliI), an actin-binding protein that contains a leucine-rich-repeat (LRR), which binds R-ras and may regulate cdc42. We considered that FliI interacts with small GTPases and their regulators to mediate assembly of cell extensions. Mass spectrometry analyses of FliI immunoprecipitates showed abundant Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1), which in immunostained samples colocalized with FliI at cell adhesions. Knockdown of IQGAP1 reduced the numbers of cell extensions and the alignment of collagen fibrils. In experiments using dominant negative mutants, cdc42 activity was required for the formation of short extensions while R-ras was required for the formation of long extensions. Immunoprecipitation of wild-type and mutant constructs showed that IQGAP1 associated with cdc42 and R-ras; this association required the GAP-related domain (1004–1237 aa) of IQGAP1. In cells transfected with FliI mutants, the LRR of FliI, but not its gelsolin-like domains, mediated association with cdc42, R-ras, and IQGAP1. We conclude that FliI interacts with IQGAP1 and co-ordinates with cdc42 and R-ras to control the formation of cell extensions that enable collagen tractional remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - K Nakajima
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - A Nanda
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - A Plaha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - A Wilde
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - D B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - C A McCulloch
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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14
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Anderson PJ, Cowin AJ. In vitro analysis of the effect of Flightless I on murine tenocyte cellular functions. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:170. [PMID: 32398080 PMCID: PMC7216515 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healing of tendons after injury involves the proliferation of tenocytes and the production of extracellular matrix; however, their capacity to heal is limited by poor cell density and limited growth factor activity. Flightless I (Flii) has previously been identified as an important regulator of cellular proliferation and migration, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of differential Flii gene expression on tenocyte function in vitro. METHODS The role of Flii on tenocyte proliferation, migration, and contraction was assessed using established assays. Tenocytes from Flii+/-, wild-type, and Flii overexpressing mice were obtained and the effect of differential Flii expression on migration, proliferation, contraction, and collagen synthesis determined in vitro. Statistical differences were determined using unpaired Student's t test and statistical outliers were identified using the Grubbs' test. RESULTS Flii overexpressing tenocytes showed significantly improved migration and proliferation as well as increased collagen I secretion. Explanted tendons from Flii overexpressing mice also showed significantly elevated tenocyte outgrowth compared to Flii+/- mice. In contrast to its role in dermal wound repair, Flii positively affects cellular processes in tendons. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Flii could be a novel target for modulating tenocyte activity and improving tendon repair. This could have significant clinical implications as novel therapeutic targets for improved healing of tendon injuries are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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15
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Mori MA, Ludwig RG, Garcia-Martin R, Brandão BB, Kahn CR. Extracellular miRNAs: From Biomarkers to Mediators of Physiology and Disease. Cell Metab 2019; 30:656-673. [PMID: 31447320 PMCID: PMC6774861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs can be found in serum and other body fluids and serve as biomarkers for disease. More importantly, secreted miRNAs, especially those in extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes, may mediate paracrine and endocrine communication between different tissues and thus modulate gene expression and the function of distal cells. When impaired, these processes can lead to tissue dysfunction, aging, and disease. Adipose tissue is an especially important contributor to the pool of circulating exosomal miRNAs. As a result, alterations in adipose tissue mass or function, which occur in many metabolic conditions, can lead to changes in circulating miRNAs, which then function systemically. Here we review the findings that led to these conclusions and discuss how this sets the stage for new lines of investigation in which extracellular miRNAs are recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication and potential candidates for therapy of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raissa G Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruben Garcia-Martin
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruna B Brandão
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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A frog cathelicidin peptide effectively promotes cutaneous wound healing in mice. Biochem J 2018; 475:2785-2799. [PMID: 30045878 PMCID: PMC6134359 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although cathelicidins in mammals have been well characterized, little is known about the function of cathelicidin in amphibians. In the present study, a novel 24-residue peptide (cathelicidin-NV, ARGKKECKDDRCRLLMKRGSFSYV) belonging to the cathelicidin family was identified from the skin of the plateau frog Nanorana ventripunctata. Cathelicidin-NV showed strong wound healing-promoting activity in a murine model with a full-thickness dermal wound. It directly enhanced the proliferation of keratinocyte cells, resulting in accelerated re-epithelialization of the wound site. Cathelicidin-NV also promoted the proliferation of fibroblasts, the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and collagen production in fibroblasts, which are implicated in wound contraction and repair processes. Furthermore, cathelicidin-NV promoted the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 in vivo and in vitro, which are essential in the wound-healing processes such as migration, proliferation and differentiation. The MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) signaling pathways were involved in the wound healing-promoting effect. Additionally, unlike other cathelicidins, cathelicidin-NV did not have any direct effect on microbes and showed no cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity toward mammalian cells at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml. This current study may facilitate the understanding of the cellular and molecular events that underlie quick wound healing in N. ventripunctata. In addition, the combination of these properties makes cathelicidin-NV an excellent candidate for skin wound therapeutics.
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17
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Li L, Stiadle JM, Levendoski EE, Lau HK, Thibeault SL, Kiick KL. Biocompatibility of injectable resilin-based hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2229-2242. [PMID: 29611890 PMCID: PMC6030450 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vocal folds are connective tissues housed in the larynx, which can be subjected to various injuries and traumatic stimuli that lead to aberrant tissue structural alterations and fibrotic-induced biomechanical stiffening observed in patients with voice disorders. Much effort has been devoted to generate soft biomaterials that are injectable directly to sites of injury. To date, materials applied toward these applications have been largely focused on natural extracellular matrix-derived materials such as collagen, fibrin or hyaluronic acid; these approaches have suffered from the fact that materials are not sufficiently robust mechanically nor offer sufficient flexibility to modulate material properties for targeted injection. We have recently developed multiple resilin-inspired elastomeric hydrogels that possess similar mechanical properties as those reported for vocal fold tissues, and that also show promising in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility. Here we report studies that test the delivery of resilin-based hydrogels through injection to the subcutaneous tissue in a wild-type mice model; histological and genetic expression outcomes were monitored. The rapid kinetics of crosslinking enabled facile injection and ensured the rapid transition of the viscous resilin precursor solution to a solid-like hydrogel in the subcutaneous space in vivo; the materials exhibited storage shear moduli in the range of 1000-2000 Pa when characterized through oscillatory rheology. Histological staining and gene expression profiles suggested minimal inflammatory profiles three weeks after injection, thereby demonstrating the potential suitability for site-specific in vivo injection of these elastomeric materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2229-2242, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jeanna M. Stiadle
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5136 WIMR, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Levendoski
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5136 WIMR, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Hang K. Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5136 WIMR, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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18
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Kopecki Z, Stevens NE, Yang GN, Melville E, Cowin AJ. Recombinant Leucine-Rich Repeat Flightless-Interacting Protein-1 Improves Healing of Acute Wounds through Its Effects on Proliferation Inflammation and Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072014. [PMID: 29996558 PMCID: PMC6073877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an increasing clinical problem involving substantial morbidity, mortality, and rising health care costs. Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein-1 (LRRFIP-1) regulates toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation, suggesting a potential role in the healing of wounds. We sought to determine the role of LRRFIP-1 in wound repair and whether the exogenous addition of recombinant LRRFIP-1 (rLRRFIP-1) affected healing responses. Using a model of full-thickness incisional acute wounds in BALB/c mice, we investigated the effect of wounding on LRRFIP-1 expression. The effect of rLRRFIP-1 on cellular proliferation, inflammation, and collagen deposition was also investigated. LRRFIP-1 was upregulated in response to wounding, was found to directly associate with flightless I (Flii), and significantly increased cellular proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. rLRRFIP-1 reduced Flii expression in wounds in vivo and resulted in significantly improved healing with a concurrent dampening of TLR4-mediated inflammation and improved collagen deposition. Additionally, decreased levels of TGF-β1 and increased levels of TGF-β3 were observed in rLRRFIP-1-treated wounds suggesting a possible antiscarring effect of rLRRFIP-1. Further studies are required to elucidate if the mechanisms behind LRRFIP-1 action in wound repair are independent of Flii. However, these results identify rLRRFIP-1 as a possible treatment modality for improved healing of acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
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19
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Zhang C, Wang D, Yang C, Kong N, Shi Z, Zhao P, Nan Y, Nie T, Wang R, Ma H, Chen Q. Genome-wide identification of the potato WRKY transcription factor family. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181573. [PMID: 28727761 PMCID: PMC5519183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in regulation of stress responses. This study identified 79 WRKY genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationships, WRKY genes were classified into three major groups. The majority of WRKY genes belonged to Group II (52 StWRKYs), Group III had 14 and Group I consisted of 13. The phylogenetic tree further classified Group II into five sub-groups. All StWRKY genes except StWRKY79 were mapped on potato chromosomes, with eight tandem duplication gene pairs and seven segmental duplication gene pairs found from StWRKY family genes. The expression analysis of 22 StWRKYs showed their differential expression levels under various stress conditions. Cis-element prediction showed that a large number of elements related to drought, heat and salicylic acid were present in the promotor regions of StWRKY genes. The expression analysis indicated that seven StWRKYs seemed to respond to stress (heat, drought and salinity) and salicylic acid treatment. These genes are candidates for abiotic stress signaling for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Kong
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunyou Nan
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengkun Nie
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoqiu Wang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (HM); (QC)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (HM); (QC)
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20
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Hur W, Lee HY, Min HS, Wufuer M, Lee CW, Hur JA, Kim SH, Kim BK, Choi TH. Regeneration of full-thickness skin defects by differentiated adipose-derived stem cells into fibroblast-like cells by fibroblast-conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28427476 PMCID: PMC5399413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells in the human body and are absolutely necessary for wound healing such as for injured skin. This role of fibroblasts was the reason why we aimed to differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into fibroblasts and to test their wound healing potency. Recent reports on hADSC-derived conditioned medium have indicated stimulation of collagen synthesis as well as migration of dermal fibroblasts in wound sites with these cells. Similarly, human fibroblast-derived conditioned medium (F-CM) was reported to contain a variety of factors known to be important for growth of skin. However, it remains unknown whether and how F-CM can stimulate hADSCs to secrete type I collagen. Methods In this study, we obtained F-CM from the culture of human skin fibroblast HS27 cells in DMEM media. For an in-vivo wound healing assay using cell transplantation, balb/c nude mice with full-thickness skin wound were used. Results Our data showed that levels of type I pro-collagen secreted by hADSCs cultured in F-CM increased significantly compared with hADSCs kept in normal medium for 72 h. In addition, from a Sircol collagen assay, the amount of collagen in F-CM-treated hADSC conditioned media (72 h) was markedly higher than both the normal medium-treated hADSC conditioned media (72 h) and the F-CM (24 h). We aimed to confirm that hADSCs in F-CM would differentiate into fibroblast cells in order to stimulate wound healing in a skin defect model. To investigate whether F-CM induced hADSCs into fibroblast-like cells, we performed FACS analysis and verified that both F-CM-treated hADSCs and HS27 cells contained similar expression patterns for CD13, CD54, and CD105, whereas normal medium-treated hADSCs were significantly different. mRNA level analysis for Nanog, Oct4A, and Sox2 as undifferentiation markers and vimentin, HSP47, and desmin as matured fibroblast markers supported the characterization that hADSCs in F-CM were highly differentiated into fibroblast-like cells. To discover the mechanism of type I pro-collagen expression in hADSCs in F-CM, we observed that phospho-smad 2/3 levels were increased in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. For in-vivo analysis, we injected various cell types into balb/c nude mouse skin carrying a 10-mm punch wound, and observed a significantly positive wound healing effect in this full-thickness excision model with F-CM-treated hADSCs rather than with untreated hADSCs or the PBS injected group. Conclusions We differentiated F-CM-treated hADSCs into fibroblast-like cells and demonstrated their efficiency in wound healing in a skin wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojune Hur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Young Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Maierdanjiang Wufuer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University 110-744, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji An Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeung Kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Kopecki Z, Yang GN, Jackson JE, Melville EL, Calley MP, Murrell DF, Darby IA, O'Toole EA, Samuel MS, Cowin AJ. Cytoskeletal protein Flightless I inhibits apoptosis, enhances tumor cell invasion and promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36426-40. [PMID: 26497552 PMCID: PMC4742187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii) is an actin remodeling protein that affects cellular processes including adhesion, proliferation and migration. In order to determine the role of Flii during carcinogenesis, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were induced in Flii heterozygous (Flii+/-), wild-type and Flii overexpressing (FliiTg/Tg) mice by intradermal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Flii levels were further assessed in biopsies from human SCCs and the human SCC cell line (MET-1) was used to determine the effect of Flii on cellular invasion. Flii was highly expressed in human SCC biopsies particularly by the invading cells at the tumor edge. FliiTg/Tg mice developed large, aggressive SCCs in response to MCA. In contrast Flii+/- mice had significantly smaller tumors that were less invasive. Intradermal injection of Flii neutralizing antibodies during SCC initiation and progression significantly reduced the size of the tumors and, in vitro, decreased cellular sphere formation and invasion. Analysis of the tumors from the Flii overexpressing mice showed reduced caspase I and annexin V expression suggesting Flii may negatively regulate apoptosis within these tumors. These studies therefore suggest that Flii enhances SCC tumor progression by decreasing apoptosis and enhancing tumor cell invasion. Targeting Flii may be a potential strategy for reducing the severity of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew P Calley
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Darby
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Lee JH, Ji ST, Kim J, Takaki S, Asahara T, Hong YJ, Kwon SM. Specific disruption of Lnk in murine endothelial progenitor cells promotes dermal wound healing via enhanced vasculogenesis, activation of myofibroblasts, and suppression of inflammatory cell recruitment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:158. [PMID: 27793180 PMCID: PMC5084514 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to wound repair by promoting neovascularization, the mechanism of EPC-mediated wound healing remains poorly understood due to the lack of pivotal molecular targets of dermal wound repair. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that genetic targeting of the Lnk gene in EPCs dramatically enhances the vasculogenic potential including cell proliferation, migration, and tubule-like formation as well as accelerates in vivo wound healing, with a reduction in fibrotic tissue and improved neovascularization via significant suppression of inflammatory cell recruitment. When injected into wound sites, Lnk -/- EPCs gave rise to a significant number of new vessels, with remarkably increased survival of transplanted cells and decreased recruitment of cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, but caused activation of fibroblasts in the wound-remodeling phase. Notably, in a mouse model of type I diabetes, transplanted Lnk -/- EPCs induced significantly better wound healing than Lnk +/+ EPCs did. CONCLUSIONS The specific targeting of Lnk may be a promising EPC-based therapeutic strategy for dermal wound healing via improvement of neovascularization but inhibition of excessive inflammation as well as activation of myofibroblasts during dermal tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Centre for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Young-Joon Hong
- Division of Cardiology of Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Mimura KKO, Moraes AR, Miranda AC, Greco R, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Greco KV, Oliani SM. Mechanisms underlying heterologous skin scaffold-mediated tissue remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35074. [PMID: 27725772 PMCID: PMC5057165 DOI: 10.1038/srep35074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatibility of two newly developed porcine skin scaffolds was assessed after 3, 14, 21 and 90 days of implantation in rats. Both scaffolds showed absence of cells, preservation of ECM and mechanical properties comparable to non-decellularised skin before implantation. Host cell infiltration was much prominent on both scaffolds when compared to Permacol (surgical control). At day 3, the grafts were surrounded by polymorphonuclear cells, which were replaced by a notable number of IL-6-positive cells at day 14. Simultaneously, the number of pro-inflammatory M1-macrophage was enhanced. Interestingly, a predominant pro-remodeling M2 response, with newly formed vessels, myofibroblasts activation and a shift on the type of collagen expression was sequentially delayed (around 21 days). The gene expression of some trophic factors involved in tissue remodeling was congruent with the cellular events. Our findings suggested that the responsiveness of macrophages after non-crosslinked skin scaffolds implantation seemed to intimately affect various cell responses and molecular events; and this range of mutually reinforcing actions was predictive of a positive tissue remodeling that was essential for the long-standing success of the implants. Furthermore, our study indicates that non-crosslinked biologic scaffold implantation is biocompatible to the host tissue and somehow underlying molecular events involved in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallyne K. O. Mimura
- Post-Graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia R. Moraes
- Department of Biology; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Aline C. Miranda
- Department of Biology; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karin V. Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia M. Oliani
- Post-Graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
- Department of Biology; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
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Hugo HJ, Saunders C, Ramsay RG, Thompson EW. New Insights on COX-2 in Chronic Inflammation Driving Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:109-19. [PMID: 26193871 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal use of aspirin stretches back to ancient times, before it was manufactured in its pure form in the late 19th century. Its accepted mechanistic target, cyclooxygenase (COX), was discovered in the 1970s and since this landmark discovery, the therapeutic application of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has increased dramatically. The most significant benefits of NSAIDs are in conditions involving chronic inflammation (CI). Given the recognized role of CI in cancer development, the use of long-term NSAID treatment in the prevention of cancer is an enticing possibility. COX-2 is a key driver of CI, and here we review COX-2 expression as a predictor of survival in various cancer types, including breast. Obesity and post-partum involution are natural inflammatory states that are associated with increased breast cancer risk. We outline the COX-2 mediated mechanisms contributing to the growth of cancers. We dissect the cellular mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and how COX-2 may induce this to facilitate tumor progression. Finally we examine the potential regulation of COX-2 by c-Myb, and the possible interplay between c-Myb/COX-2 in proliferation, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α)/COX-2 in invasive pathways in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor J Hugo
- VBCRC Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| | - C Saunders
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R G Ramsay
- Differentation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - E W Thompson
- VBCRC Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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MicroRNAs in Breastmilk and the Lactating Breast: Potential Immunoprotectors and Developmental Regulators for the Infant and the Mother. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13981-4020. [PMID: 26529003 PMCID: PMC4661628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the optimal source of nutrition, protection and developmental programming for infants. It is species-specific and consists of various bioactive components, including microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. microRNAs are both intra- and extra-cellular and are present in body fluids of humans and animals. Of these body fluids, HM appears to be one of the richest sources of microRNA, which are highly conserved in its different fractions, with milk cells containing more microRNAs than milk lipids, followed by skim milk. Potential effects of exogenous food-derived microRNAs on gene expression have been demonstrated, together with the stability of milk-derived microRNAs in the gastrointestinal tract. Taken together, these strongly support the notion that milk microRNAs enter the systemic circulation of the HM fed infant and exert tissue-specific immunoprotective and developmental functions. This has initiated intensive research on the origin, fate and functional significance of milk microRNAs. Importantly, recent studies have provided evidence of endogenous synthesis of HM microRNA within the human lactating mammary epithelium. These findings will now form the basis for investigations of the role of microRNA in the epigenetic control of normal and aberrant mammary development, and particularly lactation performance.
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Kaspar P, Zikova M, Bartunek P, Sterba J, Strnad H, Kren L, Sedlacek R. The Expression of c-Myb Correlates with the Levels of Rhabdomyosarcoma-specific Marker Myogenin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15090. [PMID: 26462877 PMCID: PMC4604482 DOI: 10.1038/srep15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myb is required for modulation of progenitor cells in several tissues, including skeletal muscle and its upregulation is observed in many human malignancies. Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are a heterogeneous group of mesodermal tumors with features of developing skeletal muscle. Several miRNAs are downregulated in RMS, including miR-150, a negative regulator of c-Myb expression. Using the C2C12 myoblast cell line, a cellular model of skeletal muscle differentiation, we showed that miR-150 controls c-Myb expression mainly at the level of translation. We hypothesized that a similar mechanism of c-Myb regulation operates in RMS tumors. We examined expression of c-Myb by immunohistochemistry and revealed c-Myb positivity in alveolar and embryonal tumors, the two most common subgroups of RMS. Furthermore, we showed direct correlation between c-Myb production and myogenin expression. Interestingly, high myogenin levels indicate poor prognosis in RMS patients. c-Myb could, therefore, contribute to the tumor phenotype by executing its inhibitory role in skeletal muscle differentiation. We also showed that c-Myb protein is abundant in migratory C2C12 myoblasts and its ectopic expression potentiates cell motility. In summary, our results implicate that metastatic properties of some RMS subtypes might be linked to c-Myb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kaspar
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zikova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartunek
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leos Kren
- The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Arora PD, Wang Y, Bresnick A, Janmey PA, McCulloch CA. Flightless I interacts with NMMIIA to promote cell extension formation, which enables collagen remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2279-97. [PMID: 25877872 PMCID: PMC4462945 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the actin-capping protein flightless I in collagen remodeling by mouse fibroblasts is examined. Flightless and nonmuscle myosin IIA cooperate to enable collagen phagocytosis. We examined the role of the actin-capping protein flightless I (FliI) in collagen remodeling by mouse fibroblasts. FliI-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced spreading on collagen but formed elongated protrusions that stained for myosin10 and fascin and penetrated pores of collagen-coated membranes. Inhibition of Cdc42 blocked formation of cell protrusions. In FliI-knockdown cells, transfection with constitutively active Cdc42 did not enable protrusion formation. FliI-overexpressing cells displayed increased uptake and degradation of exogenous collagen and strongly compacted collagen fibrils, which was blocked by blebbistatin. Mass spectrometry analysis of FliI immunoprecipitates showed that FliI associated with nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMMIIA), which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. GFP-FliI colocalized with NMMIIA at cell protrusions. Purified FliI containing gelsolin-like domains (GLDs) 1–6 capped actin filaments efficiently, whereas FliI GLD 2–6 did not. Binding assays showed strong interaction of purified FliI protein (GLD 1–6) with the rod domain of NMMIIA (kD = 0.146 μM), whereas FliI GLD 2–6 showed lower binding affinity (kD = 0.8584 μM). Cells expressing FliI GLD 2–6 exhibited fewer cell extensions, did not colocalize with NMMIIA, and showed reduced collagen uptake compared with cells expressing FliI GLD 1–6. We conclude that FliI interacts with NMMIIA to promote cell extension formation, which enables collagen remodeling in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamma D Arora
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Anne Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Sampurno S, Cross R, Pearson H, Kaur P, Malaterre J, Ramsay RG. Myb via TGFβ is required for collagen type 1 production and skin integrity. Growth Factors 2015; 33:102-12. [PMID: 25807069 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1016222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin integrity requires an ongoing replacement and repair orchestrated by several cell types. We previously investigated the architecture of the skin of avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (Myb) knock-out (KO) embryos and wound repair in Myb(+/)(-) mice revealing a need for Myb in the skin, attributed to fibroblast-dependent production of collagen type 1. Here, using targeted Myb deletion in keratin-14 (K14) positive cells we reveal further Myb-specific defects in epidermal cell proliferation, thickness and ultrastructural morphology. This was associated with a severe deficit in collagen type 1 production, reminiscent of that observed in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Since collagen type 1 is a product of fibroblasts, the collagen defect observed was unexpected and appears to be directed by the loss of Myb with significantly reduced tumor growth factor beta 1 (Tgfβ-1) expression by primary keratinocytes. Our findings support a specific role for Myb in K14+ epithelial cells in the preservation of adult skin integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shienny Sampurno
- Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , East Melbourne , Australia
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Duval C, Zaniolo K, Leclerc S, Salesse C, Guérin SL. Characterization of the human α9 integrin subunit gene: Promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation in ocular cells. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:146-63. [PMID: 25746835 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α9β1 is the most recent addition to the integrin family of membrane receptors and consequently remains the one that is the least characterized. To better understand how transcription of the human gene encoding the α9 subunit is regulated, we cloned the α9 promoter and characterized the regulatory elements that are required to ensure its transcription. Transfection of α9 promoter/CAT plasmids in primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and uveal melanoma cell lines demonstrated the presence of both negative and positive regulatory elements along the α9 promoter and positioned the basal α9 promoter to within 118 bp from the α9 mRNA start site. In vitro DNaseI footprinting and in vivo ChIP analyses demonstrated the binding of the transcription factors Sp1, c-Myb and NFI to the most upstream α9 negative regulatory element. The transcription factors Sp1 and NFI were found to bind the basal α9 promoter individually but Sp1 binding clearly predominates when both transcription factors are present in the same extract. Suppression of Sp1 expression through RNAi also caused a dramatic reduction in the expression of the α9 gene. Most of all, addition of tenascin-C (TNC), the ligand of α9β1, to the tissue culture plates prior to seeding HCECs increased α9 transcription whereas it simultaneously decreased expression of the α5 integrin subunit gene. This dual regulatory action of TNC on the transcription of the α9 and α5 genes suggests that both these integrins must work together to appropriately regulate cell adhesion, migration and differentiation that are hallmarks of tissue wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duval
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Zaniolo
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Leclerc
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Salesse
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Talebpour Amiri F, Fadaei Fathabadi F, Mahmoudi Rad M, Piryae A, Ghasemi A, Khalilian A, Yeganeh F, Mosaffa N. The effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 gene therapy and cell transplantation on rat acute wound model. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e16323. [PMID: 25558384 PMCID: PMC4270678 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing is a complex process. Different types of skin cells, extracellular matrix and variety of growth factors are involved in wound healing. The use of recombinant growth factors in researches and production of skin substitutes are still a challenge. OBJECTIVES Much research has been done on the effects of gene therapy and cell therapy on wound healing. In this experimental study, the effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) gene transfer in fibroblast cells was assessed on acute dermal wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fibroblasts were cultured and transfected with IGF-1. Lipofectamine 2000 was used as a reagent of transfection. Transgene expression levels were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To study in vivo, rats (weighing 170-200 g) were randomly divided into three groups (five/group) and full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum region. Suspensions of transfected fibroblast cells were injected into the wound and were compared with wounds treated with native fibroblast cells and normal saline. For the microscopic examination, biopsy was performed on day seven. RESULTS In vitro, the maximum expression of IGF1 (96.95 pg/mL) in transfected fibroblast cells was 24 hours after gene transfer. In vivo, it was clear that IGF-1 gene therapy caused an increase in the number of keratinocyte cells during the wound healing process (mean of group A vs. group B with P value = 0.01, mean of group A vs. group C with P value = 0.000). Granulation of tissue formation in the transfected fibroblast group was more organized when compared with the normal saline group and native fibroblast cells. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the optimization of gene transfer increases the expression of IGF-1. High concentrations of IGF-1, in combination with cell therapy, have a significant effect on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mahmoudi Rad
- Skin Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mahnaz Mahmoudi Rad, Skin Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122741512, Fax: +98-2122027147, E-mail: ,
| | - Abbas Piryae
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Azar Ghasemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Khalilian
- Department of Biostatistics and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Farshid Yeganeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Mu L, Tang J, Liu H, Shen C, Rong M, Zhang Z, Lai R. A potential wound-healing-promoting peptide from salamander skin. FASEB J 2014; 28:3919-29. [PMID: 24868009 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-248476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that wound healing proceeds incredibly quickly in urodele amphibians, such as newts and salamanders, little is known about skin-wound healing, and no bioactive/effector substance that contributes to wound healing has been identified from these animals. As a step toward understanding salamander wound healing and skin regeneration, a potential wound-healing-promoting peptide (tylotoin; KCVRQNNKRVCK) was identified from salamander skin of Tylototriton verrucosus. It shows comparable wound-healing-promoting ability (EC50=11.14 μg/ml) with epidermal growth factor (EGF; NSDSECPLSHDGYCLHDGVCMYIEALDKYACNCVVGYIGERCQYRDLKWWELR) in a murine model of full-thickness dermal wound. Tylotoin directly enhances the motility and proliferation of keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, resulting in accelerated reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation in the wound site. Tylotoin also promotes the release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which are essential in the wound healing response. Gene-encoded tylotoin secreted in salamander skin is possibly an effector molecule for skin wound healing. This study may facilitate understanding of the cellular and molecular events that underlie quick wound healing in salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and
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Kaspar P, Ilencikova K, Zikova M, Horvath O, Cermak V, Bartunek P, Strnad H. c-Myb inhibits myoblast fusion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76742. [PMID: 24204667 PMCID: PMC3804598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells represent a heterogeneous population of stem and progenitor cells responsible for muscle growth, repair and regeneration. We investigated whether c-Myb could play a role in satellite cell biology because our previous results using satellite cell-derived mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 showed that c-Myb was expressed in growing cells and downregulated during differentiation. We detected c-Myb expression in activated satellite cells of regenerating muscle. c-Myb was also discovered in activated satellite cells associated with isolated viable myofiber and in descendants of activated satellite cells, proliferating myoblasts. However, no c-Myb expression was detected in multinucleated myotubes originated from fusing myoblasts. The constitutive expression of c-Myb lacking the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) strongly inhibited the ability of myoblasts to fuse. The inhibition was dependent on intact c-Myb transactivation domain as myoblasts expressing mutated c-Myb in transactivation domain were able to fuse. The absence of 3′ UTR of c-Myb was also important because the expression of c-Myb coding region with its 3′ UTR did not inhibit myoblast fusion. The same results were repeated in C2C12 cells as well. Moreover, it was documented that 3′ UTR of c-Myb was responsible for downregulation of c-Myb protein levels in differentiating C2C12 cells. DNA microarray analysis of C2C12 cells revealed that the expression of several muscle-specific genes was downregulated during differentiation of c-Myb-expressing cells, namely: ACTN2, MYH8, TNNC2, MYOG, CKM and LRRN1. A detailed qRT-PCR analysis of MYOG, TNNC2 and LRRN1 is presented. Our findings thus indicate that c-Myb is involved in regulating the differentiation program of myogenic progenitor cells as its expression blocks myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kaspar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristina Ilencikova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zikova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Horvath
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Cermak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartunek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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33
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The role of transforming growth factor β1 in fractional laser resurfacing with a carbon dioxide laser. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:681-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Seppanen E, Roy E, Ellis R, Bou-Gharios G, Fisk NM, Khosrotehrani K. Distant mesenchymal progenitors contribute to skin wound healing and produce collagen: evidence from a murine fetal microchimerism model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62662. [PMID: 23650524 PMCID: PMC3641113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of distant and/or bone marrow-derived endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to skin wounds is controversial. Bone marrow transplantation experiments employed to address this have been largely confounded by radiation-resistant host-derived MSC populations. Gestationally-acquired fetal MSC are known to engraft in maternal bone marrow in all pregnancies and persist for decades. These fetal cells home to damaged maternal tissues, mirroring endogenous stem cell behavior. We used fetal microchimerism as a tool to investigate the natural homing and engraftment of distant MSC to skin wounds. Post-partum wild-type mothers that had delivered transgenic pups expressing luciferase under the collagen type I-promoter were wounded. In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was then used to track recruitment of fetal cells expressing this mesenchymal marker over 14 days of healing. Fetal cells were detected in 9/43 animals using BLI (Fisher exact p = 0.01 versus 1/43 controls). These collagen type I-expressing fetal cells were specifically recruited to maternal wounds in the initial phases of healing, peaking on day 1 (n = 43, p<0.01). This was confirmed by detection of Y-chromosome+ve fetal cells that displayed fibroblast-like morphology. Histological analyses of day 7 wounds revealed vimentin-expressing fetal cells in dermal tissue. Our results demonstrate the participation of distant mesenchymal cells in skin wounds. These data imply that endogenous MSC populations are likely recruited from bone marrow to wounds to participate in healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Seppanen
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Edwige Roy
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ellis
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Fisk
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Precise orchestration of actin polymer into filaments with distinct characteristics of stability, bundling, and branching underpins cell migration. A key regulator of actin filament specialization is the tropomyosin family of actin-associating proteins. This multi-isoform family of proteins assemble into polymers that lie in the major groove of polymerized actin filaments, which in turn determine the association of molecules that control actin filament organization. This suggests that tropomyosins may be important regulators of actin function during physiological processes dependent on cell migration, such as wound healing. We have therefore analyzed the requirement for tropomyosin isoform expression in a mouse model of cutaneous wound healing. We find that mice in which the 9D exon from the TPM3/γTm tropomyosin gene is deleted (γ9D -/-) exhibit a more rapid wound-healing response 7 days after wounding compared with wild-type mice. Accelerated wound healing was not associated with increased cell proliferation, matrix remodeling, or epidermal abnormalities, but with increased cell migration. Rac GTPase activity and paxillin phosphorylation are elevated in cells from γ9D -/- mice, suggesting the activation of paxillin/Rac signaling. Collectively, our data reveal that tropomyosin isoform expression has an important role in temporal regulation of cell migration during wound healing.
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Lungova V, Buchtova M, Janeckova E, Tucker AS, Knopfova L, Smarda J, Matalova E. Localization of c-MYB in differentiated cells during postnatal molar and alveolar bone development. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:495-504. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, and Department of Orthodontics; KCL; London; UK
| | - Lucia Knopfova
- Department of Experimental Biology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Jan Smarda
- Department of Experimental Biology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Adams DH, Cowin AJ. Flii neutralizing antibodies improve wound healing in porcine preclinical studies. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:523-36. [PMID: 22672080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is an important area of widely unmet medical need, with millions of procedures carried out worldwide which could potentially benefit from a product to improve the wound repair process. Our studies investigating the actin-remodeling protein Flightless I (Flii) show it to be an important regulator of wound healing. Flii-deficient mice have enhanced wound healing in comparison to Flii overexpressing mice which have impaired wound healing. For the first time, we show that a Flightless I neutralizing monoclonal antibody (FnAb) therapy is effective in a large animal model of wound repair. Porcine 5 cm incisional and 6.25 cm(2) excisional wounds were treated with FnAb at the time of wounding and for two subsequent days. The wounds were dressed in Tegaderm dressings and left to heal by secondary intention for 7 and 35 days, respectively. At the relevant end points, the wounds were excised and processed for histological analysis. Parameters of wound area, collagen deposition, and scar appearance were analyzed. The results show that treatment with FnAb accelerates reepithelialization and improves the macroscopic appearance of early scars. FnAbs have the potential to enhance wound repair and reduce scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Toraldo G, Bhasin S, Bakhit M, Guo W, Serra C, Safer JD, Bhawan J, Jasuja R. Topical androgen antagonism promotes cutaneous wound healing without systemic androgen deprivation by blocking β-catenin nuclear translocation and cross-talk with TGF-β signaling in keratinocytes. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:61-73. [PMID: 22276587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2011.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Orchidectomy in rodents and lower testosterone levels in men are associated with improved cutaneous wound healing. However, due to the adverse effects on skeletal and sexual tissues, systemic androgen blockade is not a viable therapeutic intervention. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that topical application of an androgen antagonist would elicit accelerated wound healing without systemic androgen antagonism. Full-thickness cutaneous wounds were created on adult C57BL6/J mice. Daily topical application of androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide, resulted in improved gap closure similar to orchiectomized controls and faster than orchidectomized mice treated with topical testosterone. In vivo data showed that the effects of androgen antagonism on wound closure primarily accelerate keratinocytes migration without effecting wound contraction. Consequently, mechanisms of testosterone action on reepithelialization were investigated in vitro by scratch wounding assays in confluent keratinocytes. Testosterone inhibited keratinocyte migration and this effect was in part mediated through promotion of nuclear translocation of β-catenin and by attenuating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling through β-catenin. The link between Wnt and TGF beta signaling was confirmed by blocking β-catenin and by following TGF-β-induced transcription of a luciferase reporter gene. Together, these data show that blockade of β-catenin can, as a potential target for novel therapeutic interventions, accelerate cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Toraldo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are uniquely stable in plasma, and the levels of specific circulating miRNAs can differ with disease. Extracellular miRNAs are associated with lipid-based carriers and lipid-free proteins. miRNAs can be transferred from cell-to-cell by lipid-based carriers and affect gene expression. This review summarizes recent studies that demonstrate the transfer of miRNA between cells and their potential role in intercellular communication. RECENT FINDINGS Microvesicles, exosomes, apoptotic bodies, lipoproteins, and large microparticles contain miRNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are transferred between dendritic cells, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and adipocytes in lipid-based carriers. miRNAs are also transferred from T cells to antigen-presenting cells, from stem cells to endothelial cells and fibroblasts, from macrophages to breast cancer cells, and from epithelial cells to hepatocytes in lipid-based carriers. The cellular export of miRNAs in lipid-based carriers is regulated by the ceramide pathway, and the delivery of lipid-associated miRNAs to recipient cells is achieved by various routes, including endocytotic uptake, membrane-fusion, and scavenger receptors. SUMMARY Cellular miRNAs are exported in and to lipid-based carriers (vesicles and lipoprotein particles) and transferred to recipient cells with gene expression changes as intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey C Vickers
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Ilan L, Katzav S. Human Vav1 expression in hematopoietic and cancer cell lines is regulated by c-Myb and by CpG methylation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29939. [PMID: 22253833 PMCID: PMC3256210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav1 is a signal transducer protein that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho/Rac GTPases in the hematopoietic system where it is exclusively expressed. Recently, Vav1 was shown to be involved in several human malignancies including neuroblastoma, lung cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Although some factors that affect vav1 expression are known, neither the physiological nor pathological regulation of vav1 expression is completely understood. We demonstrate herein that mutations in putative transcription factor binding sites at the vav1 promoter affect its transcription in cells of different histological origin. Among these sites is a consensus site for c-Myb, a hematopoietic-specific transcription factor that is also found in Vav1-expressing lung cancer cell lines. Depletion of c-Myb using siRNA led to a dramatic reduction in vav1 expression in these cells. Consistent with this, co-transfection of c-Myb activated transcription of a vav1 promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct in lung cancer cells devoid of Vav1 expression. Together, these results indicate that c-Myb is involved in vav1 expression in lung cancer cells. We also explored the methylation status of the vav1 promoter. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that the vav1 promoter was completely unmethylated in human lymphocytes, but methylated to various degrees in tissues that do not normally express vav1. The vav1 promoter does not contain CpG islands in proximity to the transcription start site; however, we demonstrated that methylation of a CpG dinucleotide at a consensus Sp1 binding site in the vav1 promoter interferes with protein binding in vitro. Our data identify two regulatory mechanisms for vav1 expression: binding of c-Myb and CpG methylation of 5′ regulatory sequences. Mutation of other putative transcription factor binding sites suggests that additional factors regulate vav1 expression as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ilan
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shulamit Katzav
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Wehrhan F, Hyckel P, Guentsch A, Nkenke E, Stockmann P, Schlegel KA, Neukam FW, Amann K. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw is linked to suppressed TGFβ1-signaling and increased Galectin-3 expression: a histological study on biopsies. J Transl Med 2011; 9:102. [PMID: 21726429 PMCID: PMC3144016 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) implies an impairment in oral hard- and soft tissue repair. An understanding of the signal transduction alterations involved can inform therapeutic strategies. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a critical regulator of tissue repair; galectin-3 mediates tissue differentiation and specifically modulates periodontopathic bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of TGFβ1-related signaling molecules and Galectin-3 in BRONJ-affected and healthy mucosal tissues. To discriminate between BRONJ-specific impairments in TGFβ1 signaling and secondary inflammatory changes, the results were compared to the expression of TGFβ1 and Galectin-3 in mucosal tissues with osteoradionecrosis. Methods Oral mucosal tissue samples with histologically-confirmed BRONJ (n = 20), osteoradionecrosis (n = 20), and no lesions (normal, n = 20) were processed for immunohistochemistry. Automated staining with an alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase kit was used to detect TGFβ1, Smad-2/3, Smad-7, and Galectin-3. We semiquantitatively assessed the ratio of stained cells/total number of cells (labeling index, Bonferroni-adjustment). Results TGFβ1 and Smad-2/3 were significantly decreased (p < 0.032 and p(0.028, respectively) in the BRONJ samples and significantly increased (p < 0.04 and p <0.043, respectively) in the osteoradionecrosis samples compared to normal tissue. Smad-7 was significantly increased (p < 0.031) in the BRONJ group and significantly decreased (p < 0.026) in the osteoradionecrosis group. Galectin-3 staining was significantly (p < 0.025) increased in both the BRONJ and the osteoradionecrosis (p < 0.038) groups compared to the normal tissue group. However, Galectin-3 expression was significantly higher in the BRONJ samples than in the osteoradionecrosis samples (p < 0.044). Conclusion Our results showed that disrupted TGFβ1 signaling was associated with delayed periodontal repair in BRONJ samples. The findings also indicated that impairments in TGFβ1-signaling were different in BRONJ compared to osteoradionecrosis. BRONJ appeared to be associated with increased terminal osseous differentiation and decreased soft tissue proliferation. The increase in Galectin-3 reflected the increase in osseous differentiation of mucoperiosteal progenitors, and this might explain the inflammatory anergy observed in BRONJ-affected soft tissues. The results substantiated the clinical success of treating BRONJ with sequestrectomy, followed by strict mucosa closure. BRONJ can be further elucidated by investigating the specific intraoral osteoimmunologic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
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Kelekci KH, Kelekci S, Destegul E, Aksoy A, Sut N, Yilmaz B. Prematurity: is it a risk factor for striae distensae? Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:1240-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thorner AR, Parker JS, Hoadley KA, Perou CM. Potential tumor suppressor role for the c-Myb oncogene in luminal breast cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13073. [PMID: 20949095 PMCID: PMC2951337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor c-Myb has been well characterized as an oncogene in several human tumor types, and its expression in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell population is essential for proper hematopoiesis. However, the role of c-Myb in mammopoeisis and breast tumorigenesis is poorly understood, despite its high expression in the majority of breast cancer cases (60–80%). Methodology/Principal Findings We find that c-Myb high expression in human breast tumors correlates with the luminal/ER+ phenotype and a good prognosis. Stable RNAi knock-down of endogenous c-Myb in the MCF7 luminal breast tumor cell line increased tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role in luminal breast cancer. We created a mammary-derived c-Myb expression signature, comprised of both direct and indirect c-Myb target genes, and found it to be highly correlated with a published mature luminal mammary cell signature and least correlated with a mammary stem/progenitor lineage gene signature. Conclusions/Significance These data describe, for the first time, a possible tumor suppressor role for the c-Myb proto-oncogene in breast cancer that has implications for the understanding of luminal tumorigenesis and for guiding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Thorner
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Chen X, Li J, Li L, Bian Z, Sun F, Lu J, Yin Y, Cai X, Sun Q, Wang K, Ba Y, Wang Q, Wang D, Yang J, Liu P, Xu T, Yan Q, Zhang J, Zen K, Zhang CY. Secreted monocytic miR-150 enhances targeted endothelial cell migration. Mol Cell 2010; 39:133-44. [PMID: 20603081 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 928] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate target gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Here, we report that secreted miRNAs can serve as signaling molecules mediating intercellular communication. In human blood cells and cultured THP-1 cells, miR-150 was selectively packaged into microvesicles (MVs) and actively secreted. THP-1-derived MVs can enter and deliver miR-150 into human HMEC-1 cells, and elevated exogenous miR-150 effectively reduced c-Myb expression and enhanced cell migration in HMEC-1 cells. In vivo studies confirmed that intravenous injection of THP-1 MVs significantly increased the level of miR-150 in mouse blood vessels. MVs isolated from the plasma of patients with atherosclerosis contained higher levels of miR-150, and they more effectively promoted HMEC-1 cell migration than MVs from healthy donors. These results demonstrate that cells can secrete miRNAs and deliver them into recipient cells where the exogenous miRNAs can regulate target gene expression and recipient cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Jiangsu Diabetes Center, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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Lai FPL, Szczodrak M, Oelkers JM, Ladwein M, Acconcia F, Benesch S, Auinger S, Faix J, Small JV, Polo S, Stradal TEB, Rottner K. Cortactin promotes migration and platelet-derived growth factor-induced actin reorganization by signaling to Rho-GTPases. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:3209-23. [PMID: 19458196 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic actin rearrangements are initiated and maintained by actin filament nucleators, including the Arp2/3-complex. This protein assembly is activated in vitro by distinct nucleation-promoting factors such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein/Scar family proteins or cortactin, but the relative in vivo functions of each of them remain controversial. Here, we report the conditional genetic disruption of murine cortactin, implicated previously in dynamic actin reorganizations driving lamellipodium protrusion and endocytosis. Unexpectedly, cortactin-deficient cells showed little changes in overall cell morphology and growth. Ultrastructural analyses and live-cell imaging studies revealed unimpaired lamellipodial architecture, Rac-induced protrusion, and actin network turnover, although actin assembly rates in the lamellipodium were modestly increased. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor-induced actin reorganization and Rac activation were impaired in cortactin null cells. In addition, cortactin deficiency caused reduction of Cdc42 activity and defects in random and directed cell migration. Reduced migration of cortactin null cells could be restored, at least in part, by active Rac and Cdc42 variants. Finally, cortactin removal did not affect the efficiency of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Together, we conclude that cortactin is fully dispensable for Arp2/3-complex activation during lamellipodia protrusion or clathrin pit endocytosis. Furthermore, we propose that cortactin promotes cell migration indirectly, through contributing to activation of selected Rho-GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P L Lai
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Poon R, Nik SA, Ahn J, Slade L, Alman BA. Beta-catenin and transforming growth factor beta have distinct roles regulating fibroblast cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:38. [PMID: 19432963 PMCID: PMC2691404 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-catenin and transforming growth factor β signaling are activated in fibroblasts during wound healing. Both signaling pathways positively regulate fibroblast proliferation during this reparative process, and the effect of transforming growth factor β is partially mediated by β-catenin. Other cellular processes, such as cell motility and the induction of extracellular matrix contraction, also play important roles during wound repair. We examined the function of β-catenin and its interaction with transforming growth factor β in cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction. Results Floating three dimensional collagen lattices seeded with cells expressing conditional null and stabilized β-catenin alleles, showed a modest negative relationship between β-catenin level and the degree of lattice contraction. Transforming growth factor β had a more dramatic effect, positively regulating lattice contraction. In contrast to the situation in the regulation of cell proliferation, this effect of transforming growth factor β was not mediated by β-catenin. Treating wild-type cells or primary human fibroblasts with dickkopf-1, which inhibits β-catenin, or lithium, which stimulates β-catenin produced similar results. Scratch wound assays and Boyden chamber motility studies using these same cells found that β-catenin positively regulated cell motility, while transforming growth factor β had little effect. Conclusion This data demonstrates the complexity of the interaction of various signaling pathways in the regulation of cell behavior during wound repair. Cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction are not always coupled, and are likely regulated by different intracellular mechanisms. There is unlikely to be a single signaling pathway that acts as master regulator of fibroblast behavior in wound repair. β-catenin plays dominant role regulating cell motility, while transforming growth factor β plays a dominant role regulating the induction of collagen lattice contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Poon
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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IL-5-overexpressing mice exhibit eosinophilia and altered wound healing through mechanisms involving prolonged inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 87:131-40. [PMID: 18839016 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leucocytes are essential in healing wounds and are predominantly involved in the inflammatory and granulation stages of wound repair. Eosinophils are granulocytic leucocytes and are specifically regulated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), a cytokine produced by T helper 2 (Th2) cells. To characterize more clearly the role of the IL-5 and eosinophils in the wound healing process, IL-5-overexpressing and IL-5-deficient mice were used as models of eosinophilia and eosinophil depletion, respectively. Our results reveal a significantly altered inflammatory response between IL-5-overexpressing and IL-5 knockout mice post-wounding. Healing was significantly delayed in IL-5-overexpressing mice with wounds gaping wider and exhibiting impaired re-epithelialization. A delay in collagen deposition was observed suggesting a direct effect on matrix synthesis. A significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly eosinophils and CD4(+) cells, one of the main cell types which secrete IL-5, was observed in IL-5-overexpressing mice wounds suggesting that one of the main roles of IL-5 in wound repair may be to promote the infiltration of eosinophils into healing wounds. Healing is delayed in IL-5-overexpressing mice and this corresponds to significantly increased levels of eosinophils and CD4(+) cells within the wound site that may contribute to and exacerbate the inflammatory response, resulting in detrimental wound repair.
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Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, Brem H, Tomic-Canic M. PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE: Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 16:585-601. [PMID: 19128254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2008.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2345] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Barrientos
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
The transcription factor MYB has a key role as a regulator of stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow, colonic crypts and a neurogenic region of the adult brain. It is in these compartments that a deficit in MYB activity leads to severe or lethal phenotypes. As was predicted from its leukaemogenicity in several animal species, MYB has now been identified as an oncogene that is involved in some human leukaemias. Moreover, recent evidence has strengthened the case that MYB is activated in colon and breast cancer: a block to MYB expression is overcome by mutation of the regulatory machinery in the former disease and by oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ramsay
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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50
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Abstract
Injury to the skin initiates a complex process of events involving inflammation as well as the formation and remodeling of new tissue. These processes result in at least partial reconstitution of the injured skin. However, wounds in adult mammals heal with a scar, which is accompanied by functional and aesthetic impairments. In addition to this problem, a large number of patients, in particular in the aged population, suffer from chronic, nonhealing ulcers. Therefore, there is a strong need to improve the wound healing process. This requires a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. During the past several years, important regulators of the wound healing process have been identified. In particular, the growth factors and matrix proteins, which orchestrate skin repair, have been characterized in detail. By contrast, much less is known about the transcription factors, which regulate gene expression at the wound site. This review summarizes recent data on the expression of transcription factors in skin wounds and their functions in the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schäfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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