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Wang W, Zheng Z, Chen J, Duan T, He H, Tang S. Characterization of metabolite landscape distinguishes wild from cultivated Polygonati Rhizomes by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS untargeted metabolomics. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Singh R, Sharma R, Varshney R, Mal G, Ghosh M, Singh B. Evaluation of immunological adjuvant activities of saponin rich fraction from the fruits of Asparagus adscendens Roxb. with less adverse reactions. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:557-565. [PMID: 35484852 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2067170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hemolytic activity, in vitro as well as in vivo toxicity, and immunomodulatory potential of saponins-rich fraction of Asparagus adscendens Roxb. fruit (AA-SRF) have been assessed in this study in order to explore AA-SRF as an alternative safer adjuvant to standard Quil-A saponin. The AA-SRF showed lower hemolytic activity (HD50 = 301.01 ± 1.63 µg/ml) than Quil-A (HD50 = 17.15 ± 2.12 µg/ml). The sulforhodamine B assay also revealed that AA-SRF was less toxic to VERO cells (IC50≥200 ± 4.32 µg/ml) than Quil-A (IC50 = 60 ± 2.78 µg/ml). The AA-SRF did not lead to mortality in mice up to 1.6 mg and was much safer than Quil-A for in vivo use. Conversely, mice were subcutaneously immunized with OVA 100 μg alone or along with Alum (200 μg) or Quil-A (10 μg) or AA-SRF (50 μg/100 μg/200 μg) on days 0 and 14. The AA-SRF at 100 μg dose best supported the LPS/Con A primed splenocyte proliferation activity, elevated the serum OVA-specific total IgG antibody, IL-12, CD4 titer and upsurged CD3/CD19 expression in spleen as well as lymph node sections which in turn advocated its adjuvant potential. Thus, AA-SRF can be further studied for use as a safe alternative adjuvant in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Animal Experimental Pathology, Central Ayurvedic Research Institute for Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Kolkata, India
| | - Rinku Sharma
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Birbal Singh
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Abdu HI, Yang M, Pei J, Yue T, Zhang X, Hacimuftuoglu A, Abd El-Aty AM. Literature analysis on asparagus roots and review of its functional characterizations. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1024190. [PMID: 37139102 PMCID: PMC10149932 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagus root (AR) is utilized globally as a traditional herbal medicine because it contains various bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and minerals. The composition profiles of AR are strongly affected by its botanical and geographical origins. Although minerals and heavy metals are minor constituents of AR, they play a crucial role in determining its quality and efficacy. A comprehensive classification of AR, its phytochemistry, and its pharmacology were reviewed and interpreted herein. Potentially eligible articles (in English) were identified through an electronic search of the Web of Science database (2010-2022) and Google (2001-2022). We used the primary search term "Asparagus roots" combined with the words "pharmacology," "bioactive compounds," "physicochemical properties," and "health benefits" to find the relevant literature. We screened the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the publications obtained from the database. A full copy of the article was obtained for further assessment if deemed appropriate. Different asparagus species might potentially be used as herbal medicines and functional foods. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds as valuable secondary metabolites. The dominant class of bioactive compounds in AR is flavonoids. Furthermore, AR displayed significant pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects, as shown in animal and human studies. This review provides a valuable resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of Asparagus root as a functional ingredient for the pharmaceutical and food industries. In addition, it is anticipated that this review will provide information to healthcare professionals seeking alternative sources of critical bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Guo
- College of Health Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjie Wan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hassan Idris Abdu
- College of Health Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Society and Science, Tibet Cultural University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis, Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Xue X, Jin R, Jiao Q, Li X, Li P, Shen G, Shi S, Huang Z, Zhang S, Dai Y. Differentiation of Three Asparagus Species by UHPLC-MS/MS based molecular networking identification and chemical profile analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang C, Ye Z, Mao L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ding W, Han J, Mao K. Analysis of volatile organic compounds and metabolites of three cultivars of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) using E-nose, GC-IMS, and LC-MS/MS. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8866-8880. [PMID: 35341470 PMCID: PMC9161954 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus (A. officinalis L.) is a perennial herb of the genus Asparagus that is rich in nutrients. This study aimed to distinguish three cultivars of asparagus (Paladin, Grace, and Jinggang red) based on their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolic profiles. VOCs in the three cultivars were separated and identified using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS). Differences in metabolites among the three cultivars were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). E-nose and GC-IMS showed that the VOCs in asparagus differed significantly among the three groups. E-nose result showed that purple asparagus (Jinggang red) was connected to a stronger earthy odor; green asparagus (Paladin and Grace) were shown characteristic dill flavor. Moreover, 50 VOCs were detected by using GC–IMS. Ketones and alcohols were most abundant in Paladin; methyl benzoate and dimethyl sulfide were most abundance in Grace; aldehydes and acids were most abundance in Jinggang red. Moreover, 130 and 71 different metabolites were detected in the positive and negative modes among three cultivars, such as quercetin and rutin. Functional analysis revealed that these metabolites were involved in beta-alanine metabolism and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In summary, E-nose combined with GC-IMS and LC-MS/MS methods has good application prospects in evaluating and identifying VOCs and metabolites of different cultivars of asparagus. The identified VOCs and metabolites can provide guidelines for the development of functional asparagus products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liping Mao
- Cultivation Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangning Zhang
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiying Ding
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiming Han
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Insamgobonhwan Protects Neuronal Cells from Lipid ROS and Improves Deficient Cognitive Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020295. [PMID: 35204177 PMCID: PMC8868228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element in the central nervous system that is involved in many of its important biological processes, such as oxygen transportation, myelin production, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Previous studies have observed the selective accumulation of iron in Aβ aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and excess of this accumulation is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, cell death due to iron accumulation, is a potential therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Insamgobonhwan (GBH) is a well-regarded traditional medicine from Donguibogam that possess antioxidant properties and has been suggested to slow the aging process. However, the neuroprotective role of GBH against lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis and its positive cognitive effects remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the ability of GBH to protect against RSL3-induced ferroptosis in vitro and to suppress amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment in vivo. First, we treated HT22 cells with RSL3 to induce ferroptosis, which is an inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and induces lethal lipid hydroperoxide accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ferroptotic cell death. GBH treatment inhibited cell death and lipid peroxidation, which were increased by RSL3 administration. In addition, GBH restored the expression of ferroptosis marker proteins, such as GPX4, HO-1 and COX-2, which were altered by RSL3. Next, we examined whether the protective ability of GBH in cells was reproduced in animals. We concluded that GBH treatment inhibited Aβ-induced lipid peroxidation and improved Aβ-induced cognitive impairment in mice.
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Xiong W, Zhao X, Xu Q, Wei G, Zhang L, Fan Y, Wen L, Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhang L, Tong Y, Yin Q, Zhang TE, Yan Z. Qisheng Wan formula ameliorates cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease rat via inflammation inhibition and intestinal microbiota regulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114598. [PMID: 34492320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Qisheng Wan formula (QWF) was first described in the book Sheng Ji Zong Lu in 1117. The book states that QWF can cure forgetfulness, improve the mind, and make people smart. Hence, QWF has been widely used to treat patients with forgetfulness or dementia. QWF, a classic Chinese formulation, comprises seven herbal drugs: the sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd., root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., root of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., root and rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, and root bark of Lycium chinense Mill. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to utilize modern pharmacological methods to evaluate the therapeutic effects and explore the underlying mechanism of QWF action on rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical profile of QWF was characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The AD rat model was established via a bilateral intraventricular injection of amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ1-42). The rats were subsequently treated daily with QWF for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the cognition processes in the rats, whereas histological changes in the hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of Aβ1-42, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in the hippocampus and colon were assessed. Moreover, the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen compounds were characterized in QWF. QWF significantly ameliorated the cognition processes and histopathological damages due to AD in rats by decreasing the deposition of Aβ1-42 and downregulating the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6. QWF also modulated changes in the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota to suppress the relative abundance of inflammation-associated microbiota. CONCLUSION This study showed that QWF can suppress proinflammatory factors and modulate the intestinal microbiota in AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Liudai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Lingmiao Wen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yan Tong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhi Yin
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Tian-E Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Dossou SSK, Xu F, Cui X, Sheng C, Zhou R, You J, Tozo K, Wang L. Comparative metabolomics analysis of different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) tissues reveals a tissue-specific accumulation of metabolites. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:352. [PMID: 34303354 PMCID: PMC8305604 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaves, flowers, especially seeds are used in traditional medicine to prevent or cure various diseases. Its seed's market is expanding. However, the other tissues are still underexploited due to the lack of information related to metabolites distribution and variability in the plant. Herein, the metabolite profiles of five sesame tissues (leaves, fresh seeds, white and purple flowers, and fresh carpels) have been investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis platform. RESULTS In total, 776 metabolites belonging to diverse classes were qualitatively and quantitatively identified. The different tissues exhibited obvious differences in metabolites composition. The majority of flavonoids predominantly accumulated in flowers. Amino acids and derivatives, and lipids were identified predominantly in fresh seeds followed by flowers. Many metabolites, including quinones, coumarins, tannins, vitamins, terpenoids and some bioactive phenolic acids (acteoside, isoacteoside, verbascoside, plantamajoside, etc.) accumulated mostly in leaves. Lignans were principally detected in seeds. 238 key significantly differential metabolites were filtered out. KEGG annotation and enrichment analyses of the differential metabolites revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acids biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were the main differently regulated pathways. In addition to the tissue-specific accumulation of metabolites, we noticed a cooperative relationship between leaves, fresh carpels, and developing seeds in terms of metabolites transfer. Delphinidin-3-O-(6"-O-p-coumaroyl)glucoside and most of the flavonols were up-regulated in the purple flowers indicating they might be responsible for the purple coloration. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the metabolic processes in the sesame tissues are differently regulated. It offers valuable resources for investigating gene-metabolites interactions in sesame tissues and examining metabolic transports during seed development in sesame. Furthermore, our findings provide crucial knowledge that will facilitate sesame biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Physiology, University of Lomé, Lomé, 01 BP 1515 Togo
| | - Fangtao Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian, 4693000 China
| | - Chen Sheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jun You
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Koffi Tozo
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Physiology, University of Lomé, Lomé, 01 BP 1515 Togo
| | - Linhai Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
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Xue X, Jiao Q, Jin R, Wang X, Li P, Shi S, Huang Z, Dai Y, Chen S. The combination of UHPLC-HRMS and molecular networking improving discovery efficiency of chemical components in Chinese Classical Formula. Chin Med 2021; 16:50. [PMID: 34215302 PMCID: PMC8254261 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is essential to identify the chemical components for the quality control methods establishment of Chinese Classical Formula (CCF). However, CCF are complex mixture of several herbal medicines with huge number of different compounds and they are not equal to the combination of chemical components from each herb due to particular formula ratio and preparation techniques. Therefore, it is time-consuming to identify compounds in a CCF by analyzing the LC–MS/MS data one by one, especially for unknown components. Methods An ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS) approach was developed to comprehensively profile and characterize multi-components in CCF with Erdong decoction composed of eight herbal medicines as an example. Then the MS data of Erdong decoction was analyzed by MS/MS-based molecular networking and these compounds with similar structures were connected to each other into a cluster in the network map. Then the unknown compounds connected to known compounds in a cluster of the network map were identified due to their similar structures. Results Based on the clusters of the molecular networking, 113 compounds were rapidly tentative identification from Erdong decoction for the first time in the negative mode, which including steroidal saponins, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid O-glycosides and flavonoid C-glycosides. In addition, 10 alkaloids were tentatively identified in the positive mode from Nelumbinis folium by comparison with literatures. Conclusion MS/MS-based molecular networking technique is very useful for the rapid identification of components in CCF. In Erdong decoction, this method was very suitable for the identification of major steroidal saponins, triterpenoid saponins, and flavonoid C-glycosides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00459-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Qishu Jiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Runa Jin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shougang Shi
- Sunflower Pharmaceutical Group (Xiangyang) Longzhong Co. Ltd, Xiangyang, 441003, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengjun Huang
- Sunflower Pharmaceutical Group (Xiangyang) Longzhong Co. Ltd, Xiangyang, 441003, Hubei, China
| | - Yuntao Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Döll S, Djalali Farahani-Kofoet R, Zrenner R, Henze A, Witzel K. Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:86. [PMID: 33795633 PMCID: PMC8016990 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Döll
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Andrea Henze
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany.
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Majumdar S, Gupta S, Prajapati SK, Krishnamurthy S. Neuro-nutraceutical potential of Asparagus racemosus: A review. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105013. [PMID: 33689806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Debilitating neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions are associated with complex multifactorial pathophysiology. Their treatment strategies often only provide symptomatic relief, delaying disease progression without giving a complete cure. Potent and safer treatment alternatives beyond symptomatic relief are sought. Herbal supplements have surely been explored due to their multiple component nature to enhance the effect of western medications. One such well-documented nutraceutical in the ancient Greek, Chinese, and Ayurvedic medicine system known for its various medicinal benefits is Asparagus racemosus. Widely used for its lactogenic properties, A. racemosus is also cited in Ayurveda as a nervine tonic. A. racemosus based nutraceuticals have shown to possess adaptogenic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nootropic activity under preclinical and clinical settings without posing significant adverse effects. A. racemosus extracts restore the perturbed neurotransmitters and prevent oxidative neuronal damage. From the available neuropharmacological researches, the physiological actions of A. racemosus can ultimately be directed for either augmentation of cognitive ability or in the management of neurological conditions such as stress, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. The studies focus on the multi-component extract, and the lack of standardization has been a major hurdle in preventing the allotment of reported neuropharmacological activity to one of the phytoconstituent. Herbal standardization of the plant extract based on a specific biomarker can help elucidate the intricate biomolecular pathway and neurocircuitries being involved. This, followed by rigorous standardized clinical trials, fixing dosages, and determining contraindications would facilitate the translation of A. racemosus to a FDA-approved neuromedicine for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Majumdar
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Smriti Gupta
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Study of the active ingredients and mechanism of Sparganii rhizoma in gastric cancer based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1905. [PMID: 33479376 PMCID: PMC7820434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganii rhizoma (SL) has potential therapeutic effects on gastric cancer (GC), but its main active ingredients and possible anticancer mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS to comprehensively analyse the chemical components of the aqueous extract of SL. On this basis, a network pharmacology method incorporating target prediction, gene function annotation, and molecular docking was performed to analyse the identified compounds, thereby determining the main active ingredients and hub genes of SL in the treatment of GC. Finally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub genes of GC patients were further analysed by the Oncomine, GEPIA, and HPA databases. A total of 41 compounds were identified from the aqueous extract of SL. Through network
analysis, we identified seven main active ingredients and ten hub genes: acacetin, sanleng acid, ferulic acid, methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethynyl]benzoate, caffeic acid, adenine nucleoside, azelaic acid and PIK3R1, PIK3CA, SRC, MAPK1, AKT1, HSP90AA1, HRAS, STAT3, FYN, and RHOA. The results indicated that SL might play a role in GC treatment by controlling the PI3K-Akt and other signalling pathways to regulate biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis in tumour cells. In conclusion, this study used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS combined with a network pharmacology approach to provide an essential reference for identifying the chemical components of SL and its mechanism of action in the treatment of GC.
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Kashyap P, Muthusamy K, Niranjan M, Trikha S, Kumar S. Sarsasapogenin: A steroidal saponin from Asparagus racemosus as multi target directed ligand in Alzheimer's disease. Steroids 2020; 153:108529. [PMID: 31672628 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multi-factorial disorder characterized by impaired memory and cognition deficit. AD is characterized by impaired cholinergic transmission, extracellular amyloid beta deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and oxidative stress. A multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) approach is required to devise a therapeutic strategy against AD. In the present study, Asparagus racemosus aqueous extract was chosen, as it possess abundant medicinal properties including nootropic effect mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts. Moreover, its secondary metabolite sarsasapogenin (SRS) was also selected for this multi-target study for the very first time. The current study demonstrated that sarsasapogenin significantly inhibits key enzymes involved in pathogenesis of AD which are acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), BACE1 and MAO-B in a concentration dependent manner. SRS also exhibited anti-amyloidogenic, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects by in vitro studies. The IC50 values of SRS is 9.9 μM and 5.4 μM for AChE and BuChE respectively. SRS also significantly inhibited Aβ42 fibrillization up to 68% at 40 μM concentration as compared to control. TEM visualization showed Aβ aggregates as short and scattered fibril clearly indicating SRS significantly inhibited peptide nucleation and fibril formation. Furthermore, the SRS was found to exert neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells against Aβ42 and H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity. The cell survival was 62% and 69% against Aβ42 and H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity, respectively. SRS also inhibited monoaminoxidase-B (MAO-B) and BACE1 enzymes in concentration dependent manner. Molecular docking studies indicated that SRS binds to the catalytic sites of multiple targets (AChE, BuChE, Aβ42, BACE1, and MAO-B) in a significant manner that might having disease-modifying effects. Thus SRS is acting as suitable lead and can be utilised as MTDL compound for factors implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Kalaivani Muthusamy
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Manisha Niranjan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shweta Trikha
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110078, India.
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Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA. Phytoestrogens, phytosteroids and saponins in vegetables: Biosynthesis, functions, health effects and practical applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:351-421. [PMID: 31445599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal secondary metabolites with similarities in structure and biological activities with human estrogens divided into various classes of compounds, including lignans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, coumestans and stilbenes. Similarly, phytosteroids are steroidal compounds of plant origin which have estrogenic effects and can act as agonists, antagonists, or have a mixed agonistic/antagonistic activity to animal steroid receptors. On the other hand, saponins are widely distributed plant glucosides divided into triterpenoid and steroidal saponins that contribute to plant defense mechanism against herbivores. They present a great variation from a structural point of view, including compounds from different classes. In this chapter, the main vegetable sources of these compounds will be presented, while details regarding their biosynthesis and plant functions will be also discussed. Moreover, considering the significant bioactive properties that these compounds exhibit, special focus will be given on their health effects, either beneficial or adverse. The practical applications of these compounds in agriculture and phytomedicine will be also demonstrated, as well as the future prospects for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Mountain- and Garden-Cultivated Ginseng of Different Ages in Northeast China. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010033. [PMID: 30583458 PMCID: PMC6337476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming at further systematically comparing the similarities and differences of the chemical components in ginseng of different ages, especially comparing the younger or the older and mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG), 4, 5, 6-year-old cultivated ginseng (CG) and 12, 20-year-old MCG were chosen as the analytical samples in the present study. The combination of UPLC-QTOF-MSE, UNIFI platform and multivariate statistical analysis were developed to profile CGs and MCGs. By the screening analysis based on UNIFI, 126 chemical components with various structural types were characterized or tentatively identified from all the CG and MCG samples for the first time. The results showed that all the CG and MCG samples had the similar chemical composition, but there were significant differences in the contents of markers. By the metabolomic analysis based on multivariate statistical analysis, it was shown that CG4⁻6 years, MCG12 years and MCG20 years samples were obviously divided into three different groups, and a total of 17 potential age-dependent markers enabling differentiation among the three groups of samples were discovered. For differentiation from other two kinds of samples, there were four robust makers such as α-linolenic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid and panaxydol for CG4⁻6 years, five robust makers including ginsenoside Re₁, -Re₂, -Rs₁, malonylginsenoside Rb₂ and isomer of malonylginsenoside Rb₁ for MCG20 years, and two robust makers, 24-hydroxyoleanolic acid and palmitoleic acid, for MCG12 years were discovered, respectively. The proposed approach could be applied to directly distinguish MCG root ages, which is an important criterion for evaluating the quality of MCG. The results will provide the data for the further study on the chemical constituents of MCG.
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Lelis D, Rennó L, Chizzotti M, Pereira C, Silva J, Moreira L, Carvalho F, Chizzotti F. Photosensitization in naïve sheep grazing signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) under full sunlight or a silvopastoral system. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Singh AK, Singh SK, Singh PP, Srivastava AK, Pandey KD, Kumar A, Yadav H. Biotechnological aspects of plants metabolites in the treatment of ulcer: A new prospective. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 18:e00256. [PMID: 29876305 PMCID: PMC5989591 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulcer is one of the most common diseases affecting throughout the world population. The allopathic treatment of ulcer adversely affects the health by causing harmful side effects. Currently, many herbal plants and secondary metabolites have been used for the ulcer treatment. In the present review, many herbal plants and their parts (root, rhizome, bark, leaves and fruits) have been listed in the table are currently being used for ulcer treatment. These metabolites are responsible for ulcer-neutralization or anti-inflammatory properties. In silico study, plant metabolites showed interaction between protodioscin (secondary metabolites of Asparagus racemosus) and interferon-γ (virulent factor of gastric ulcer) during molecular docking. All the residues of interferon-γ exhibited hydrophobic interactions with plant metabolites. These interactions helps in understanding the plant secondary metabolites vis a vis will open a new door in the research field of new drug discovery and designing for the ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kishore Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prem Pratap Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Kapil D. Pandey
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Himanshu Yadav
- Center of Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Zheng W, Wang F, Zhao Y, Sun X, Kang L, Fan Z, Qiao L, Yan R, Liu S, Ma B. Rapid Characterization of Constituents in Tribulus terrestris from Different Habitats by UHPLC/Q-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2302-2318. [PMID: 28766114 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for rapid identification of the chemical constituents from crude extracts of Tribulus terrestris was proposed using an informatics platform for the UHPLC/Q-TOF MSE data analyses. This strategy mainly utilizes neutral losses, characteristic fragments, and in-house library to rapidly identify the structure of the compounds. With this strategy, rapid characterization of the chemical components of T. terrestris from Beijing, China was successfully achieved. A total of 82 steroidal saponins and nine flavonoids were identified or tentatively identified from T. terrestris. Among them, 15 new components were deduced based on retention times and characteristic MS fragmentation patterns. Furthermore, the chemical components of T. terrestris, including the other two samples from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China, and Rome, Italy, were also identified with this strategy. Altogether, 141 chemical components were identified from these three samples, of which 39 components were identified or tentatively identified as new compounds, including 35 groups of isomers. It demonstrated that this strategy provided an efficient protocol for the rapid identification of chemical constituents in complex samples such as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by UHPLC/Q-TOF MSE with informatics platform. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinguang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Liping Kang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ziquan Fan
- Waters Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Lirui Qiao
- Waters Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Renyi Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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MIAO XS, CUI QY, WANG ZY, LIU XN, ZHAO AB, QIAO YJ, WU ZS. Advance in quality assessment of Chinese materia medica using microscopic and morphological methods. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:653-663. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Chen H, Williams L, Zhao Z. Tissue-based metabolite profiling and qualitative comparison of two species of Achyranthes roots by use of UHPLC-QTOF MS and laser micro-dissection. J Pharm Anal 2017; 8:10-19. [PMID: 29568663 PMCID: PMC5859166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants, used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda. A. bidentata is reported to be one of the rare and extensively exploited medicinal plant species that face the issue of being endangered. Finding qualitative substitute with identical phyto-constituents contributing to similar composition and pharmacological benefits will help in reducing the burden of exploitation of the natural habitats of such plants. In the present study, a comparative metabolite analysis of the whole drug and specific tissues isolated by laser micro-dissection (LMD) was carried out for both the selected species, by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). The results of the study indicate that the cortex and the medullary ray tissues are rich in their content of steroidal and saponin constituents such as (25S)-inokosterone-20,22-acetonide, ginsenoside Ro, bidentatoside II and achyranthoside B. Metabolite profiling of the whole tissues of both the species indicates presence of identical constituents. Thus, it is inferred that A. bidentata and A. aspera can be used as qualitative substitutes for each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 2808, USA
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alan Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leonard Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 2808, USA
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Zhao Z. Botanical drugs in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:245-259. [PMID: 27394388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE China and India have a long history in the therapeutic application of botanical drugs in traditional medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda are considered as two of the most ancient systems of medicine, with history of more than two millennia. Medicinal plants are the principal medicinal materials used in both these systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review discusses about the histories of Ayurveda and TCM, the common medicinal plants species, the drug processing strategies used, and the current statuses of these traditional systems of medicine (TSM). Through the views presented in this article, we aim to provide a new perspective to herbal drug researchers for expanding and improving the utilization of botanical drugs and their therapeutic applications. METHODS A bibliographic investigation of Chinese and Indian pharmacopoeias, monographs and official websites was performed. Furthermore, information was obtained from scientific databases on ethnobotany and ethno medicines. RESULTS The review of Ayurveda and TCM ethno medicine indicates that both these systems have many medicinal materials in common. The studies carried out by the authors for comparison of plants from same genus from both these TSM's have been discussed to further bring focus to the utilization of "qualitatively" similar species which can be utilized and substituted for endangered or economically valued species. The overview of ancient literature and scientific findings for drugs in both these systems suggests that, the botanical drugs used in common and their processing methods can be explored further for extensive utilization in traditional medicine. CONCLUSION This review describes the histories, common medicinal plant species, their processing methods and therapeutic applications in Ayurveda and TCM. The insights provided through this article may be used by herbal drug researchers and pharmacologists for further exploration of botanical drugs from these two traditional systems of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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Cahill JF, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Laser dissection sampling modes for direct mass spectral analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:611-9. [PMID: 26842582 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Laser microdissection coupled directly with mass spectrometry provides the capability of on-line analysis of substrates with high spatial resolution, high collection efficiency, and freedom on shape and size of the sampling area. Establishing the merits and capabilities of the different sampling modes that the system provides is necessary in order to select the best sampling mode for characterizing analytically challenging samples. METHODS The capabilities of laser ablation spot sampling, laser ablation raster sampling, and laser 'cut and drop' sampling modes of a hybrid optical microscopy/laser ablation liquid vortex capture electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system were compared for the analysis of single cells and tissue. RESULTS Single Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells were monitored for their monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and diacylglyceryltrimethylhomo-Ser (DGTS) lipid content using the laser spot sampling mode, which was capable of ablating individual cells (~4-15 μm) even when agglomerated together. Turbid Allium Cepa cells (~150 μm) having unique shapes difficult to precisely measure using the other sampling modes could be ablated in their entirety using laser raster sampling. Intact microdissections of specific regions of a cocaine-dosed mouse brain tissue were compared using laser 'cut and drop' sampling. Since in laser 'cut and drop' sampling whole and otherwise unmodified sections are captured into the probe, 100% collection efficiencies were achieved. Laser ablation spot sampling has the highest spatial resolution of any sampling mode, while laser ablation raster sampling has the highest sampling area adaptability of the sampling modes. CONCLUSIONS Laser ablation spot sampling has the highest spatial resolution of any sampling mode, useful in this case for the analysis of single cells. Laser ablation raster sampling was best for sampling regions with unique shapes that are difficult to measure using other sampling modes. Laser 'cut and drop' sampling can be used for cases where the highest sensitivity is needed, for example, monitoring drugs present in trace amounts in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Cahill
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
| | - Gary J Van Berkel
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
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Frost AR, Eltoum I, Siegal GP, Emmert‐Buck MR, Tangrea MA. Laser Microdissection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 112:25A.1.1-25A.1.30. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb25a01s112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andra R. Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Isam‐Eldin Eltoum
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Gene P. Siegal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | | | - Michael A. Tangrea
- Alvin & Lois Lapidus Cancer Institute, Sinai Hospital Baltimore Maryland
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Guo P, Ho HM, Chen H, Zhao Z. Tissue-specific metabolite profiling of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes and (+)-nootkatone quantitation by laser microdissection, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7302-7316. [PMID: 24938835 DOI: 10.1021/jf502494z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyperus rotundus L. is a plant species commonly found in both India and China. The caused destruction of this plant is of critical concern for agricultural produce. Nevertheless, it can serve as a potential source of the commercially important sesquiterpenoid (+)-nootkatone. The present work describes comparative metabolite profiling and (+)-nootkatone content determination in rhizome samples collected from these two countries. Laser dissected tissues, namely, the cortex, hypodermal fiber bundles, endodermis, amphivasal vascular bundles, and whole rhizomes were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used for profiling of essential oil constituents and quantitation of (+)-nootkatone. The content of (+)-nootkatone was found to be higher in samples from India (30.47 μg/10 g) compared to samples from China (21.72 μg/10 g). The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines (Q2 R1). The results from this study can be applied for quality control and efficient utilization of this terpenoid-rich plant for several applications in food-based industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Chen H, Zhao Z. Tissue-specific metabolite profiling of Turmeric by using laser micro-dissection, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of fight-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:383-393. [PMID: 25707128 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L. is recognized for its therapeutic and culinary uses both in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine and is considered to be a boon to mankind. It has been extensively studied for its benefits and still continues to be an important drug with continued potential for further exploration and research. We studied the tissue-specific distribution of secondary metabolites to establish the validity of the use of rhizome samples from India and China, as substitutes for each other, based upon their metabolite profiles and curcumin contents. Laser microdissection was used for the isolation of microscopic tissues, such as cork, cortex and leaf-trace vascular bundles from rhizomes. Metabolite profiling was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of fight-mass spectrometry and curcumin content was estimated by a method validated as per the Harmonized Tripartite Guidelines. The cortex and cork revealed the presence of a higher number of secondary metabolites than in the leaf-trace vascular bundles. The curcumin contents in rhizome samples from both the countries, estimated with the help of a precise and accurate validated method, were found to be comparable. Based on the results, we conclude that turmeric rhizomes grown in India and China are qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable and therefore can be used as substitutes. The developed method can be widely applied for microscopic identification, authentication and analysis of the distribution of phytoconstituents in other botanical species of interest or of species with a significant commercial and therapeutic value.
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