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Firdaus Z, Gutti G, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Singh SK, Singh TD. Centella asiatica improves memory and executive function in middle-aged rats by controlling oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117888. [PMID: 38336185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, is a medicinal herb with rich history of traditional use in Indian subcontinent. This herb has been valued for its diverse range of medicinal properties including memory booster, and also as a folk treatment for skin diseases, wound healing and mild diuretic. AIM OF STUDY Aging is a gradual and continuous process of natural decay in the biological systems, including the brain. This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (CAE) on age-associated cognitive impairments in rats, as well as the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were allocated into five distinct groups of 5 animals each: Young rats (3 months old rats), middle-aged (m-aged) rats (13-14 months old), and the remaining three groups were comprised of m-aged rats treated with different concentrations of CAE, viz., 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg b. w., orally for 42 days. Y-maze, open field, novel object recognition, and elevated plus maze tests were used to assess animal behavior. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays; and H&E staining were done in the rat brain to assess the biochemical and structural changes. CAE was also subjected to HPLC analysis, in vitro antioxidant and anti-cholinergic activity. The active compounds of CAE were docked with AChE and BuChE in molecular docking study. RESULTS The results showed that CAE treatment improves behavioral performance; attenuates the age-associated increase in MDA content, SOD, and AChE activity; and reduces neuronal loss. In vitro study showed that CAE has concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-AChE activity. Furthermore, the presence of Asiatic acid and Madecassic acid in CAE and their good binding with cholinergic enzymes (in silico) also suggest the anticholinergic effect of CAE. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study show that the anticholinergic and antioxidant effects of CAE are attributable to the presence of Asiatic acid and Madecassic acid, which not only provide neuroprotection against age-associated cognitive decline but also reverse it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tryambak Deo Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Kamol P, Nukool W, Pumjaroen S, Inthima P, Kongbangkerd A, Suphrom N, Buddhachat K. Harnessing postharvest light emitting diode (LED) technology of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. to improve centelloside content by up-regulating gene expressions in the triterpenoid pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23639. [PMID: 38192854 PMCID: PMC10772125 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has wound healing, anti-inflammatory, cognitive improvement, and neuroprotective properties which have been attributed to its centelloside content. However, the quantities of these bioactive compounds are limited and vary due to genetic and environmental factors. Light qualities are known to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in several plant species, both preharvest and postharvest. In this study, fresh leaves of C. asiatica were subjected to different light emitting diode (LED) quality including white, dark, red, blue, and green to assess centelloside content, phytochemical constituents, and transcription level expression of triterpenoid biosynthesis genes. Results showed that white and blue LEDs significantly increased centelloside content in C. asiatica leaves at 3 days postharvest (dph) by 73 % over the control group at 0 dph. Blue LEDs stimulated the expression of triterpenoid biosynthesis genes including C. asiatica squalene synthase (CaSQS), C. asiatica β-amyrin synthase (CabAS), and C. asiatica UDP gluclosyltransferase-73AH1 (CaUGT73AH1; CaUGT), while different LED conditions gave diverse results. Red LED treatment triggered higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and total triterpenoid content (TTC) while white LEDs enhanced total triterpenoid content (TTC). Taken together, our findings suggest that postharvest under blue LEDs is a great approach to increase centelloside production of C. asiatica through gene up-regulation in triterpenoid pathway. Therefore, postharvest technology by LEDs serves as an effective tool for improving raw material quality for medicinal plant industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntitra Kamol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Wanrachon Nukool
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Sakuntala Pumjaroen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Phithak Inthima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Anupan Kongbangkerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Yang L, Marney L, Magana AA, Choi J, Wright K, Mcferrin J, Gray NE, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Quantification of Caffeoylquinic Acids and Triterpenes as Targeted Bioactive Compounds of Centella asiatica in Extracts and Formulations by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY OPEN 2023; 4:100091. [PMID: 37789901 PMCID: PMC10544816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcoa.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (CA) is a culinary vegetable and well-known functional food that is widely used as a medicinal herb and dietary supplement. CA is rich in pentacyclic triterpenes (TTs), including asiaticoside (AS), madecassoside (MS) and the related aglycones asiatic acid (AA), madecassic acid (MA). Traditionally, TTs have been associated with the bioactivity and health promoting effect of CA. Recently, mono-caffeoylquinic acids (MonoCQAs) and di-caffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs) have been found to contribute to the bioactivity of CA as well. This work reports an analytical strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled to multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) for the simultaneous rapid and accurate quantification of 12 bioactive compounds in CA, namely AS, MS, AA, MA, 5-CQA, 4-CQA, 3-CQA, 1,3-DiCQA, 3,4-DiCQA, 1,5-DiCQA, 3,5-DiCQA, 4,5-DiCQA. Method selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, robustness, linearity range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were validated. The validated LC-MRM-MS method has been successfully applied to quantify the 12 bioactive compounds in CA aqueous extracts and two related formulations: a standardized CA product (CAP) used in a phase I clinical trial and formulated CA rodent diets used in preclinical studies. The validated method allows us to support the standardization of CA products used for clinical trials and conduct routine LC-MRM-MS analyses of formulated preclinical diets to confirm correct levels of CA phytochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Luke Marney
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Kirsten Wright
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Nora E Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jan F Stevens
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Sabaragamuwa R, Perera CO. Total Triterpenes, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity of Bioactive Phytochemicals of Centella asiatica by Different Extraction Techniques. Foods 2023; 12:3972. [PMID: 37959090 PMCID: PMC10647812 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining phytochemical-rich plant extracts from natural products where the active ingredients are present in comparatively low levels in the tissue matrix is the critical initial step of any chemical analysis or bioactivity testing. The plant C. asiatica is rich in various phytochemicals, the major constituents being triterpenes and flavonoids, as well as other polyphenols, leading to a number of bioactivities. In this study, an attempt was made to achieve several green technology principles, while optimizing the extraction method for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from C. asiatica. Soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with low-frequency sonication, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using a closed-vessel microwave digestion system, and subcritical water extraction (SWE) in a high-pressure reactor were employed to extract the bioactive compounds. The solvent system, extraction time, and solid-to-solvent ratio were varied to optimize the extraction. UAE gave the best extraction yield, while MAE gave similar results, with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, a binary solvent system of 9:1 methanol to water (v/v), and a 20 min extraction time for the extraction of triterpenes, including madecassoside, asiaticoside, madicassic acid, and asiatic acid. Investigation of different solvent systems based on water and methanol also revealed information on the extraction behavior of total triterpene content (TTC), total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the variations in the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. In this study, it was evident that UAE and MAE offer more efficient and effective extraction of bioactive compounds in terms of extraction yield, time, and minimal solvent and energy use. Furthermore, the results showed that the different solvent ratios in the extraction mixture will affect the extraction of bioactive compounds, and a binary solvent system with a combination of methanol and water was the most efficient for the studied compounds in Centella asiatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasangani Sabaragamuwa
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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Kandasamy A, Aruchamy K, Rangasamy P, Varadhaiyan D, Gowri C, Oh TH, Ramasundaram S, Athinarayanan B. Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Centella Asiatica Extracts: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Flavonoids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3547. [PMID: 37896010 PMCID: PMC10610425 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (CA) is a medicinal plant widely used in the East, with many of its phytoconstituents remaining unexplored. In this study, compounds were extracted and identified from C. asiatica to determine its medicinal properties. Phytochemical screening was conducted on shoot, callus, and cell suspension extracts, revealing the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and steroids in all three cultures, with no alkaloids detected. IC50 values were determined to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts, with the highest value observed for cell suspension culture (20 µg/mL), followed by shoot culture (19 µg/mL), and then callus extract (10 µg/mL), with ascorbic acid as the standard at an IC50 value of 26.25 µg/mL. Finally, density functional theory was used to analyze the structure-activity relationships of the identified compounds from C. asiatica extract. The results suggest that ultrasonic-assisted extraction yielded the highest recovery and antioxidant activity, with a scavenging activity of 79%. This study provides valuable insights into the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of C. asiatica, which may have implications for its use in traditional medicine and future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhakan Kandasamy
- Department of Physics, Gobi Arts & Science College, Gobichettipalayam, Erode 638453, India;
| | - Kanakaraj Aruchamy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (K.A.); (T.H.O.)
| | - Praveena Rangasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, India;
| | - Deepha Varadhaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, India;
| | - Chandrasekar Gowri
- Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Pullipalayam, Salem 637304, India;
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (K.A.); (T.H.O.)
| | - Subramaniyan Ramasundaram
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (K.A.); (T.H.O.)
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6
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Soursouri A, Hosseini SM, Fattahi F. Seasonal variations of triterpene acid contents in Viscum album L. on typical host trees of Hyrcanian forests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11587. [PMID: 37463985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscum album L. (mistletoe) is a semiparasitic plant of the Santalaceae family. A valuable group of bioactive compounds in mistletoe are triterpene acids (TTAs), which possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Parrotia persica and Carpinus betulus are the most common hosts of mistletoe in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. This study was performed to compare the content of oleanolic acid (OA), betulinic acid (BA), and ursolic acid (UA) in the mistletoe foliage (stems and leaves) from P. persica and C. betulus in various seasons for the first time. The results showed that OA was the prevailing TTA in all samples, while UA was found in none of them. The maximum amount of OA (12.38 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and BA (1.68 mg/g DW) was detected in V. album from P. persica in summer. The minimum amount of OA (5.58 mg/g DW) and BA (0.72 mg/g DW) was observed in that growing on C. betulus in winter. However, the mistletoe from C. betulus showed the greatest level of OA in spring (9.06 mg/g DW) and BA in summer and autumn (0.92 and 0.97 mg/g DW, respectively). The data collected in this study complement existing research on this subject from around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Soursouri
- Department of Forest Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Forest Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Fattahi
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
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Maserumule M, Rauwane M, Madala NE, Ncube E, Figlan S. Defence-related metabolic changes in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to infection by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1166813. [PMID: 37377801 PMCID: PMC10292758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1166813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is a destructive fungal disease-causing major grain yield losses in wheat. Therefore, understanding the plant defence regulation and function in response to the pathogen attack is required. As such, an untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics approach was employed as a tool to dissect and understand the biochemical responses of Koonap (resistant) and Morocco (susceptible) wheat varieties infected with two different races of P. graminis (2SA88 [TTKSF] and 2SA107 [PTKST]). Data was generated from the infected and non-infected control plants harvested at 14- and 21- days post-inoculation (dpi), with 3 biological replicates per sample under a controlled environment. Chemo-metric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to highlight the metabolic changes using LC-MS data of the methanolic extracts generated from the two wheat varieties. Molecular networking in Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) was further used to analyse biological networks between the perturbed metabolites. PCA and OPLS-DA analysis showed cluster separations between the varieties, infection races and the time-points. Distinct biochemical changes were also observed between the races and time-points. Metabolites were identified and classified using base peak intensities (BPI) and single ion extracted chromatograms from samples, and the most affected metabolites included flavonoids, carboxylic acids and alkaloids. Network analysis also showed high expression of metabolites from thiamine and glyoxylate, such as flavonoid glycosides, suggesting multi-faceted defence response strategy by understudied wheat varieties towards P. graminis pathogen infection. Overall, the study provided the insights of the biochemical changes in the expression of wheat metabolites in response to stem rust infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Maserumule
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Molemi Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, South Campus, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Efficient Ncube
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
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Jo YH, Yeon SW, Ahn JH, Turk A, Liu Q, Kim MO, Hwang BY, Park SY, Lee MK. Polyacetylenes from the adventitious roots of Centella asiatica with glucose uptake stimulatory activity. J Biotechnol 2023; 368:53-59. [PMID: 37084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an herbaceous perennial plant of the Apiaceae family that has diverse medicinal uses. Its active components are saponin, phenolics, and polyacetylenes. Plant cell cultures have been exploited for the efficient production of metabolites with pharmacological activity. In this work, we prepared adventitious root cultures of C. asiatica and analyzed their content and biological activity. Adventitious root extracts were found to increase glucose uptake by differentiated L6 skeletal muscle cells and to be more efficient than the extract of whole plants. Chromatographic fractionation of the extracts from adventitious roots of C. asiatica led to the isolation of two known polyacetylenes, araliadiol (1) and 8-acetoxy-1,9-pentadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol (2), in addition to a new polyacetylene, which we have named centellidiol (3). All the three polyacetylenes stimulated glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. The methanol extract of adventitious roots contained 0.53% and 0.82% of compounds 1 and 2, respectively, which are values that were 15 and 21 times higher that are found in mother plants. We therefore suggest that the high content of these polyacetylenes contributes to the high efficacy of C. asiatica adventitious root cultures. Overall, adventitious root cultures of C. asiatica can be part of a secure supply of effective ingredients including polyacetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hee Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Sang Won Yeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Ayman Turk
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Qing Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
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Liu X, Ming TW, Gaun TKW, Xiong H, Er-Bu AGA, Xie H, Gonggalanzi, Xu Y, Ye B. Research on 90-day subchronic toxicities of the ethanol extract from the cultivated Fritillaria Cirrhosa bulbs by oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 139:105342. [PMID: 36731760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fritillaria Cirrhosa bulbus (BFC) is a Chinese herbal medicine. In the present study, subchronic toxicities of the ethanol extract from cultivated Fritillaria Cirrhosa bulbus (ECBFC) were performed by oral daily administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. The subchronic toxicity test of ECBFC was conducted at doses of 0.34, 0.68, and 2.04 g/kg/day for 90 days (equivalent to the highest human clinical recommend dosage of 25, 50, and 150-fold) with a 4-week satellite group. No mortality or significant changes in behaviors, body weight and food consumption were observed during the experimental and recovery periods. According to the data from ematological analysis, biochemistry, organ coefficient and the results of histopathology, the ECBFC have toxicity to the spleen and liver at the highest (2.04 g/kg), medium (0.68 g/kg) dose and nephrotoxicity at the highest dose. Subchronic oral toxicity of ECBFC in SD rats (90 days) with NOAEL was 0.34 g/kg and LOAEL was 0.68 g/kg. In addition, the toxicity is gender neutral and reversible. The NOAEL value (0.34 g/kg) is 25-fold of the highest human clinical recommend dosage thus the ECBFC could be long-term used as Chinese patent medicine or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tse Wai Ming
- Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Hai Xiong
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, 850002, China
| | - A G A Er-Bu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, 850002, China
| | - Hongjun Xie
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, 850002, China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, 850002, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, 850002, China.
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10
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Centella asiatica and Its Metabolite Asiatic Acid: Wound Healing Effects and Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020276. [PMID: 36837896 PMCID: PMC9966672 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An intense effort has been focused on new therapeutic approaches and the development of technologies for more efficient and rapid wound healing. The research for plants used for long time in traditional medicine in the treatment of wound has become a promising strategy to obtain drugs therapeutically useful in the acute and chronic wound management. In this context, Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) has been used to treat a variety of skin diseases, such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema and psoriasis, in Asiatic traditional medicine for thousands of years. Studies have shown that Centella asiatica extracts (CAE) display activity in tissue regeneration, cell migration and wound repair process by promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Preliminary findings have shown that the asiatic acid is one of the main active constituents of C. asiatica, directly associated with its healing activity. Thus, this study discusses aspects of the effects of Centella asiatica and its active component, asiatic acid, in different stages of the healing process of cutaneous wounds, including phytochemical and antimicrobial aspects that contribute to its therapeutic potential.
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Biotechnological and endophytic-mediated production of centellosides in Centella asiatica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:473-489. [PMID: 36481800 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro culture of a plant cell, tissue and organ is a marvellous, eco-friendly biotechnological strategy for the production of phytochemicals. With the emergence of recent biotechnological tools, genetic engineering is now widely practiced enhancing the quality and quantity of plant metabolites. Triterpenoid saponins especially asiaticoside and madecassoside of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. are popularly known for their neuroprotective activity. It has become necessary to increase the production of asiaticoside and madecassoside because of their high pharmaceutical and industrial demand. Thus, the review aims to provide efficient biotechnological tools along with proper strategies. This review also included a comparative analysis of various carbon sources and biotic and abiotic elicitors. The vital roles of a variety of plant growth regulators and their combinations have also been evaluated at different in vitro growth stages of Centella asiatica. Selection of explants, direct and callus-mediated organogenesis, root organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production etc. are also highlighted in this study. In a nutshell, this review will present the research outcomes of different biotechnological interventions used to increase the yield of triterpenoid saponins in C. asiatica. KEY POINTS: • Critical and updated assessment on in vitro biotechnology in C. asiatica. • In vitro propagation of C. asiatica and elicitation of triterpenoid saponins production. • Methods for mass producing C. asiatica.
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12
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Osman A, Chittiboyina AG, Avula B, Ali Z, Adams SJ, Khan IA. Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:163-219. [PMID: 37392312 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread utility of herbal products has been rising considerably worldwide, including both developed and developing countries, leading to the rapid growth of their availability in the United States and globally. This substantial increase in consumption of herbal products has witnessed the emergence of adverse effects upon oral administration of certain of these products, and thus has raised safety concerns. The adverse effects caused by the consumption of certain botanical medicines occur primarily as a result of the poor quality of plant raw materials or the finished products, which inherently may affect safety and/or efficacy. The poor quality of some herbal products can be attributed to a lack of proper quality assurance and quality control. A high demand for herbal products that surpasses production, combined with a desire for maximizing profits, along with a lack of rigorous quality control within some manufacturing facilities have led to the emergence of quality inconsistencies. The underlying causes for this involve the misidentification of plant species, or their substitution, adulteration, or contamination with harmful ingredients. Analytical assessments have revealed there to be frequent and significant compositional variations between marketed herbal products. The inconsistency of the quality of herbal products can be ascribed essentially to the inconsistency of the botanical raw material quality used to manufacture the products. Thus, the quality assurance and the quality control of the botanical raw materials is may contribute significantly to improving the quality and consistency of the quality of the end products. The current chapter focuses on the chemical evaluation of quality and consistency of herbal products, including botanical dietary supplements. Different techniques, instruments, applications, and methods used in identifying, quantifying, and generating chemical fingerprints and chemical profiles of the ingredients of the herbal products will be described. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques available will be addressed. Limitations of the other approaches including morphological or microscopic analysis and DNA-based analysis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Osman
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sebastian J Adams
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Characterization of asiaticoside concentration, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of different varieties of Centella asiatica (L.) and essential oil extraction using hydro-distillation with enzyme assisted. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Sabaragamuwa R, Perera CO, Fedrizzi B. Ultrasound assisted extraction and quantification of targeted bioactive compounds of Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) by UHPLC-MS/MS MRM tandem mass spectroscopy. Food Chem 2022; 371:131187. [PMID: 34592625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) is a green leafy vegetable rich in phytochemicals mainly including triterpenes and caffeoylquinic acids. Fresh leaves of this plant are consumed in salads and beverages in a variety of cuisines around the world. This is a well-known functional food for its neuroprotective and cognition enhancing properties in traditional societies. HPLC-DAD at lower wavelengths commonly used to identify and quantify major triterpenes of C. asiatica extracts, but associated with few drawbacks. This paper discusses a specific, sensitive and validated method developed based on UHPLC-ESI-MS-MS-MRM tandem mass spectroscopy for targeted quantification of C. asiatica bioactive compounds. The validated method enabled a precise estimation of major triterpenes and chlorogenic acid in C. asiatica in a shorter time. The findings of this study will contribute to the information on chemotype variation of C. asiatica plant grown under unique geographical, environmental and climatic conditions in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasangani Sabaragamuwa
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Conrad O Perera
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno Fedrizzi
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Zhang Y, Cai P, Cheng G, Zhang Y. A Brief Review of Phenolic Compounds Identified from Plants: Their Extraction, Analysis, and Biological Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211069721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, showing a wide range of distinct biological activities, have received more and more attention in recent years. This review aims to gather and systematize available information on the phenolic compounds from plants by discussing different types of phenolic compounds, extraction, and analysis methods, with an emphasis on their potential biological activities. The research direction and problems that should be paid attention to in the future are also put forward to provide some references for the further study of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cai
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Chongqing Agricultural Products Quality & Safety Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Vilkickyte G, Raudone L. Phenological and Geographical Effects on Phenolic and Triterpenoid Content in Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Leaves. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101986. [PMID: 34685794 PMCID: PMC8539284 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lingonberry leaves have been proposed as a potential raw material for nutraceutical products and functional food due to the richness of phenolic and triterpenic compounds. However, contents of these bioactive compounds tend to vary greatly with physiological, climatic, and edaphic conditions, resulting in lingonberry leaves’ nutritional-pharmaceutical quality changes. In this context, we examined the effects of seasonal and geographical factors on phenolic and triterpenoid contents in lingonberry leaves. Quantitative and qualitative differences between samples were determined using validated HPLC-PDA methods. A total of 43 bioactive compounds were found at a detectable level throughout the year in young and old lingonberry leaves, with the highest contents of most compounds observed in samples collected in autumn–first half of spring. This suggests the potential to exploit the continuous biosynthesis for a longer harvesting season. Considerable variations in phytochemical profiles of lingonberry leaves, obtained from 28 locations in Lithuania, were found. Correlation analyses revealed significant negative correlations between contents of particular constituents and sunshine duration, temperature, and precipitation, and positive correlation with air humidity, longitudes, and altitudes of collecting locations and macronutrients in soil. These results suggest that harsh weather is favorable for most identified compounds and it may be possible to achieve appropriate accumulation of secondary metabolites by adjusting edaphic conditions. Taken together, the accumulation of phenolics and triterpenoids in lingonberry leaves highly depends on phenological and geographical factors and the influence of both variables differ for the particular compounds due to different metabolic processes in response to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Vilkickyte
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-622-34977
| | - Lina Raudone
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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17
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Madecassic acid protects human periodontal ligament fibroblasts against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pant P, Pandey S, Dall'Acqua S. The Influence of Environmental Conditions on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants: A Literature Review. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100345. [PMID: 34533273 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants, a source of different phytochemical compounds, are now subjected to a variety of environmental stresses during their growth and development. Different ecologically limiting factors including temperature, carbon dioxide, lighting, ozone, soil water, soil salinity and soil fertility has significant impact on medicinal plants' physiological and biochemical responses, as well as the secondary metabolic process. Secondary metabolites (SMs) are useful for assessing the quality of therapeutic ingredients and nowadays, these are used as important natural derived drugs such as immune suppressant, antibiotics, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. Plants have the ability to synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites to cope with the negative effects of stress. Here, we focus on how individual environmental variables influence the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. A total of 48 articles were found to be relevant to the review topic during our systematic review. The review showed the influence of different environmental variables on SMs production and accumulation is complex suggesting the relationship are not only species-specific but also related to increases and decline in SMs by up to 50 %. Therefore, this review improves our understanding of plant SMs ability to adapt to key environmental factors. This can aid in the efficient and long-term optimization of cultivation techniques under ambient environmental conditions in order to maximize the quality and quantity of SMs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Pant
- Central Institute of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudip Pandey
- Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- DSF Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, via Marzolo, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
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Živković U, Avramov S, Miljković D, Barišić Klisarić N, Tubić L, Mišić D, Šiler B, Tarasjev A. Genetic and Environmental Factors Jointly Impact Leaf Phenolic Profiles of Iris variegata L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081599. [PMID: 34451644 PMCID: PMC8401273 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A plant’s main mechanism to diminish the effects caused by high free radical levels generated during high irradiance is the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. In addition to interspecies differences, their concentrations may be influenced by genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic or environmental factors. We investigated the influence of genetic (genotypes from different natural habitats) and environmental (contrasting light regimes as well as successive parts of the vegetation period) variability on the accumulation of 10 selected phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and xanthones) in Iris variegata genotypes. Genotypes originated from either sun-exposed or shaded natural habitats were transplanted to two experimental light treatments (high light intensity with a higher R/FR ratio and low light intensity with a lower R/FR ratio). Significant impacts of both genetic and environmental seasonal variability (spring, summer and fall during the vegetation period) on phenolic compound profiles were detected. Their highest amounts were detected in spring. The magnitude of difference between light treatments (high vs. low light intensity) and the direction of this change varied depending on the secondary compound class. Phenotypic correlations among the 10 analyzed secondary metabolites differed across the experimental light treatments and their number decreased from spring to fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Živković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078376
| | - Stevan Avramov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Danijela Miljković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Nataša Barišić Klisarić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Ljiljana Tubić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.T.); (D.M.); (B.Š.)
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.T.); (D.M.); (B.Š.)
| | - Branislav Šiler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.T.); (D.M.); (B.Š.)
| | - Aleksej Tarasjev
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
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20
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Zanatta AC, Vilegas W, Edrada-Ebel R. UHPLC-(ESI)-HRMS and NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach to Access the Seasonality of Byrsonima intermedia and Serjania marginata From Brazilian Cerrado Flora Diversity. Front Chem 2021; 9:710025. [PMID: 34295876 PMCID: PMC8290060 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.710025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonality is one of the major environmental factors that exert influence over the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The application of the metabolomics approach for quality control of plant extracts is essentially important because it helps one to establish a standard metabolite profile and to analyze factors that affect the effectiveness of the medicinal plants. The Brazilian Cerrado flora is characterized by a rich diversity of native plant species, and a number of these plant species have been found to have suitable medicinal properties. Some of these plant species include Byrsonima intermedia and Serjania marginata. To better understand the chemical composition of these plant species, we conducted a study using the state-of-the-art techniques including the HPLC system coupled to an Exactive-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization interface UHPLC-(ESI)-HRMS and by NMR being performed 2D J-resolved and proton NMR spectroscopy. For the analysis, samples were harvested bimonthly during two consecutive years. UHPLC-(ESI)-HRMS data were preprocessed and the output data uploaded into an in-house Excel macro for peak dereplication. MS and NMR data were concatenated using the data fusion method and submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. The dereplication of LC-HRMS data helped in the annotation of the major compounds present in the extracts of the three plant species investigated allowing the annotation of 68 compounds in the extracts of B. intermedia (cinnamic acids, phenolic acids derived from galloyl quinic and shikimic acid, proanthocyanidins, glycosylated flavonoids, triterpenes and other phenols) and 81 compounds in the extracts of S. marginata (phenolic acids, saponins, proanthocyanidins, glycosylated flavonoids among other compounds). For a better assessment of the great number of responses, the significance of the chemical variables for the differentiation and correlation of the seasons was determined using the variable importance on projection (VIP) technique and through the application of the false discovery rate (FDR) estimation. The statistical data obtained showed that seasonal factors played an important role on the production of metabolites in each plant species. Temperature conditions, drought and solar radiation were found to be the main factors that affected the variability of phenolic compounds in each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Zanatta
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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21
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Buranasudja V, Rani D, Malla A, Kobtrakul K, Vimolmangkang S. Insights into antioxidant activities and anti-skin-aging potential of callus extract from Centella asiatica (L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:13459. [PMID: 34188145 PMCID: PMC8241881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts plays crucial roles in aging processes of skin. The use of phytochemicals that can promote capacity of fibroblasts to combat oxidative stress is an attractive strategy to prevent skin aging and promote skin beauty. Centella asiatica has been used to treat multitude of diseases for centuries. Previous investigations demonstrated that extracts from C. asiatica have a broad range of beneficial activities through their antioxidant activity. Hence, the extract from this medicinal plant could be a great candidate for anti-skin-aging agent. Callus culture offers a powerful platform for sustainable, rapid and large-scale production of phytochemicals to serve extensive demands of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Here, we demonstrated the application of callus culture of Centella asiatica to produce bioactive metabolites. The 50% ethanolic extract of callus culture has distinctive features of chemical compositions and biological profiles. Information from HPTLC-DPPH and HPLC analysis suggested that the callus extract comprises distinctive antioxidant compounds, compared with those isolated from authentic plant. Moreover, results from cell culture experiment demonstrated that callus extract possesses promising antioxidant and anti-skin-aging activities. Pre-treatment with callus extract attenuated H2O2-induced-cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts. The results from RT-qPCR clearly suggested that the upregulation of cellular antioxidant enzymes appeared to be major contributor for the protective effects of callus extract against oxidative stress. Moreover, supplementation with callus extract inhibited induction of matrix metalloprotease-9 following H2O2 exposure, suggesting its potential anti-skin-aging activity. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of C. asiatica callus extract as anti-skin-aging agent in cosmeceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visarut Buranasudja
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dolly Rani
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ashwini Malla
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khwanlada Kobtrakul
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Research Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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22
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Wong JH, Barron AM, Abdullah JM. Mitoprotective Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.: Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687935. [PMID: 34267660 PMCID: PMC8275827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a crucial source of drug discovery for accessible and affordable solutions for healthy aging. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (CA) is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of ethnomedicinal uses. Past in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the plant extract and its key components, such as asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and madecassoside, exhibit a range of anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cognitive benefits mechanistically linked to mitoprotective and antioxidant properties of the plant. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key drivers of aging and neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Here we appraise the growing body of evidence that the mitoprotective and antioxidative effects of CA may potentially be harnessed for the treatment of brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Wong
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna M Barron
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Brain & Behaviour Cluster and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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23
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Ma B, Ma J, Li B, Tao Q, Gan J, Yan Z. Effects of different harvesting times and processing methods on the quality of cultivated Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2853-2861. [PMID: 34136153 PMCID: PMC8194732 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don is the major source plants of traditional Chinese medicine Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB). Domestication, introduction, and cultivation is an important strategy to alleviate the shortage of endangered medicinal plants of F. cirrhosa. However, until now, the yield and quality changes of FCB in different harvest periods and drying treatments after harvest were not well understood. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated the yield and quality of cultivated F. cirrhosa at different harvest periods and postharvest processing methods. The results showed that dry weight per bulb ranged from 0.8913 to 1.4681 g and reached the highest at the wilting stage. The soluble sugar content ranged from 0.075% to 0.127% and reached the highest at the wilting stage. The content of total alkaloids ranged from 0.088% to 0.218% and reached the highest at the late-flowering stage. The contents of peimisine, sipeimine, peimine, and peiminine were 0.01178%-0.02615%, 0%-0.01713%, 0%-0.00745%, and 0%-0.00621% and reached the highest at the late-flowering period, wilting period, young fruit period, and initial flowering period, respectively. For the two different postharvest processing methods, the contents of total alkaloids and the 16 main characteristic peaks did not exhibit significant differences. Still, the alkaloid contents of the oven drying after washing were slightly higher than the sun drying. In conclusion, the best harvest period is the wilting period of F. cirrhosa, and oven drying after washing is more beneficial to ensure the quality of FCB and improve productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest ChinaSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest ChinaSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest ChinaSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Qian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest ChinaSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Jiaxia Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest ChinaSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest ChinaSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
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Venkatasubbaiah R, Jha PK, Sanjay KR. Centella asiatica crop residue fabricated silver nanoparticles as potent antioxidant agents in photo-catalytic degradation of hazardous dyes. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1931146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Venkatasubbaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Konasur Rajesh Sanjay
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Jiang B, Geng F, Chang R, Ruan M, Bian Y, Xu L, Feng F, Chen Q. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect of Ultraviolet Stress on Functional Phytochemicals of Hulless Barley (Qingke) Grass in Different Growth Times at Vegetative Stage. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31810-31820. [PMID: 33344835 PMCID: PMC7745435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was executed to analyze the functional phytochemicals of hulless barley grass grown under different intensities of ultraviolet stress. The wheat seedlings were imposed to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 h ultraviolet radiation and harvested in different times at vegetative stage. Specifically, the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, and chlorophyll were determined and antioxidants capacity was evaluated by OH• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging ability. A mathematical model (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS) was also employed for the comprehensive evaluation of functional components of hulless barley grass at different growth stages. The results showed that the UV stress could efficiently improve/preserve the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, as well as the OH• and ABTS scavenging capacity. TOPSIS evaluation revealed that the highest phytochemical contents were yield on the 15th day under 1.0 h ultraviolet treatment.
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Protein glycation and oxidation inhibitory activity of Centella asiatica phenolics (CAP) in glucose-mediated bovine serum albumin glycoxidation. Food Chem 2020; 332:127302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Alcazar Magana A, Wright K, Vaswani A, Caruso M, Reed RL, Bailey CF, Nguyen T, Gray NE, Soumyanath A, Quinn J, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Integration of mass spectral fingerprinting analysis with precursor ion (MS1) quantification for the characterisation of botanical extracts: application to extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:722-738. [PMID: 32281154 PMCID: PMC7587007 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phytochemical composition of plant material governs the bioactivity and potential health benefits as well as the outcomes and reproducibility of laboratory studies and clinical trials. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to develop an efficient method for the in-depth characterisation of plant extracts and quantification of marker compounds that can be potentially used for subsequent product integrity studies. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., an Ayurvedic herb with potential applications in enhancing mental health and cognitive function, was used as a case study. METHODS A quadrupole time-of-flight analyser in conjunction with an optimised high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation was used for in-depth untargeted fingerprinting and post-acquisition precursor ion quantification to determine levels of distinct phytochemicals in various C. asiatica extracts. RESULTS We demonstrate the utility of this workflow for the characterisation of extracts of C. asiatica. This integrated workflow allowed the identification or tentative identification of 117 compounds, chemically interconnected based on Tanimoto chemical similarity, and the accurate quantification of 24 phytochemicals commonly found in C. asiatica extracts. CONCLUSION We report a phytochemical analysis method combining liquid chromatography, high resolution mass spectral data acquisition, and post-acquisition interrogation that allows chemical fingerprints of botanicals to be obtained in conjunction with accurate quantification of distinct phytochemicals. The variability in the composition of specialised metabolites across different C. asiatica accessions was substantial, demonstrating that detailed characterisation of plant extracts is a prerequisite for reproducible use in laboratory studies, clinical trials and safe consumption. The methodological approach is generally applicable to other botanical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of ChemistryOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Kirsten Wright
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Department of ChemistryOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Ralph L. Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Thuan Nguyen
- OHSU‐PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Joseph Quinn
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare SystemPortlandORUSA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of ChemistryOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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Hassan MO, Tammam SA, Galal HK, Saleh SM, Sayed M, Amro A. Habitat variations affect morphological, reproductive and some metabolic traits of Mediterranean Centaurea glomerata Vahl populations. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04173. [PMID: 32577564 PMCID: PMC7300105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centaurea glomerata Vahl is an annual, monoecious and herbaceous member of Asteraceae, found in some localities of different topographic features/habitat conditions along the Mediterranean coastal region of Egypt. This study aimed to investigate some environmental gradients including edaphic and climate criteria on morphological, reproductive traits as well as phenolic and flavonoid metabolites in this species. Three distinct populations were selected. Two of them were located in coastal sand dunes (found in Rosetta region in Egypt); one was located on flat sand dunes, whereas the other grown on sloping ones. Meanwhile, the third population was represented in the rocky hillside of Burg El Arab region. The population detected in the sloping sand dunes showed best morphological and reproductive features, whilst the opposite was true for that represented on the rocky hillside. Moreover, the free phenolic and flavonoid compounds prevailed in the later. The meteorological data revealed that the rocky hillside received relatively lower minimum temperature and higher solar irradiance, while the sand dunes of Rosetta showed more warmer conditions. Light intensity and wind speed were reduced on the sloping sand dunes. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) exhibited a clear correlation between most of metabolites detected and the population found on the rocky hillside along with higher solar irradiance prevails. The morpho-reproductive traits were related to climatic gradients and some soil criteria. These results revealed that the changes in micro-topography, that may lead to change in soil and climate variables, is the most important environmental gradient that controls the morphological and biochemical features of C. glomerata. Solar irradiance and/or light intensity are key factors playing a role influencing the measured traits of this species. These findings suggest that accumulation of secondary metabolites could be a biochemical strategy and an adaptational criterion for such species under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud O. Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, E-62511, Egypt
| | - Suzan A. Tammam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, KSA
| | - Hanaa Kamal Galal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samir M. Saleh
- Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, E-62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amro
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Larqué-García H, Torres-Tapia LW, Vera-Ku M, Gamboa-León R, Novelo-Castilla S, Coral-Martínez TI, Peraza-Sánchez SR. Quantitative seasonal variation of the falcarinol-type polyacetylene (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol and its spatial tissue distribution in Tridax procumbens. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:183-190. [PMID: 31343078 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (3S)-16,17-Didehydrofalcarinol (1) has been isolated from Tridax procumbens and has proved to have notorious bioactivity against Leishmania mexicana. In this study, hexane fractions obtained from the methanol extract of each plant part (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits) of T. procumbens collected monthly during a year were analysed in order to determine the quantity of 1 associated with biotic variables. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to find the season of the year in which the bioactive metabolite 1 is at the highest concentration and to correlate it with temperature, length of day light, and rainfall. METHODS Hexane fractions were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction and an accurate quantitation of 1 was performed using gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) employing pelargonic acid vanillyl amide (2) as internal standard. Partial validation was based on linearity and precision. RESULTS Our results indicated that the total content of 1 has significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) during the different collecting months. The total content of the metabolite reached its highest level in the roots of the plant during June in the rainfall season (0.0358 ± 0.001 mg/g), and its lowest values in February and March during the drought season (0.0015 ± 0.000 and 0.0008 ± 0.000 mg/g, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study provided evidence that the content of 1 in roots is strongly influenced by the variables of the harvesting season, also indicating that the biosynthesis of the active metabolite is enhanced during the warm and rainy months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Larqué-García
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis W Torres-Tapia
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marina Vera-Ku
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rubí Gamboa-León
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Coordinación Huasteca Sur, Km. 5 Carretera Tamazunchale-San Martin, C.P. 79960, Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Salett Novelo-Castilla
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 #613, Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Tania I Coral-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 #613, Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sergio R Peraza-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Inhibitory Effects of Raw-Extract Centella asiatica (RECA) on Acetylcholinesterase, Inflammations, and Oxidative Stress Activities via In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040892. [PMID: 32079355 PMCID: PMC7070982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to exert comprehensive neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In view of this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica, designated as raw-extract of C. asiatica (RECA) in reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations, and oxidative stress activities via both in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rats). Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis reveals that RECA contains a significantly high proportion of glycosides than the aglycones with madecassoside as the highest component, followed by asiaticoside. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with RECA significantly reduced the AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 31.09 ± 10.07 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RECA were evaluated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results elucidated that treatment with RECA significantly suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine/mediators and oxidative stress released in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, these patterns of inhibition were consistent as observed in the LPS-induced neuroinflammation Sprague Dawley rats’ model. The highest concentration used in the two models presented the most significant results. Herein, our findings strongly suggest that RECA may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease through inhibiting the AChE, inflammation, and oxidative stress activities.
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Mohammad Azmin SNH, Mat Nor MS. Chemical fingerprint of Centella Asiatica’s bioactive compounds in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Liu P, Gao J, Wang X, An J, Xu S, Deng RX. Profiling and simultaneous quantitative determination of oligostilbenes in Paeonia ostii seed shell from different geographical areas in China and their comparative evaluation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:464-473. [PMID: 30950123 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang seed shell, characterised by a high content of oligostilbenes, is one of the two most important by-products in the preparation of seed oil. Oligostilbenes are considered characteristic constituents of the genus Paeonia, and can be used in fingerprinting to determine the geographical origin and the quality of raw materials. OBJECTIVE To develop and optimise a simple and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of seven oligostilbenes in P. ostii seed shell from different geographical areas, and to associate the cultivation area. METHODOLOGY A validated HPLC method coupled with a DAD detector was performed for the detection and determination of target compounds in the samples. Optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved using an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse SB-AQ-C18 column and a gradient elution with acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. RESULTS The proposed quantitative method showed appropriate accuracy and precision, and was successfully applied to the routine analysis of seven oligostilbenes and the quality evaluation of 50 P. ostii seed shell samples. There were significant differences between the contents of the seven oligostilbenes in different samples (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the oligostilbenes were main secondary metabolites in the P. ostii seed shells, and the content of seven components in P. ostii seed shells sourced from different cultivation areas in China was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiamin An
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shijing Xu
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Rui-Xue Deng
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Structural Stabilization of Human Transthyretin by Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Extract: Implications for TTR Amyloidosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040128. [PMID: 30934952 PMCID: PMC6523946 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin is responsible for a series of highly progressive, degenerative, debilitating, and incurable protein misfolding disorders known as transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. Since dissociation of the homotetrameric protein to its monomers is crucial in its amyloidogenesis, stabilizing the native tetramer from dissociating using small-molecule ligands has proven a viable therapeutic strategy. The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of the medicinal herb Centella asiatica on human transthyretin (huTTR) amyloidogenesis. Thus, we investigated the stability of huTTR with or without a hydrophilic fraction of C. asiatica (CAB) against acid/urea-mediated denaturation. We also determined the influence of CAB on huTTR fibrillation using transmission electron microscopy. The potential binding interactions between CAB and huTTR was ascertained by nitroblue tetrazolium redox-cycling and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid displacement assays. Additionally, the chemical profile of CAB was determined by liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Our results strongly suggest that CAB bound to and preserved the quaternary structure of huTTR in vitro. CAB also prevented transthyretin fibrillation, although aggregate formation was unmitigated. These effects could be attributable to the presence of phenolics and terpenoids in CAB. Our findings suggest that C. asiatica contains pharmaceutically relevant bioactive compounds which could be exploited for therapeutic development against TTR amyloidosis.
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Zheng J, Long X, Wang X. Chemical profiling and anticoagulant activity ofGinkgo Bilobaleaves under the influence of harvesting time. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1570936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoni Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, The Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Long
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Pharmacy Department, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, The Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Xu CC, Wang B, Pu YQ, Tao JS, Zhang T. Advances in extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds from plant materials. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:721-731. [PMID: 29103457 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, have received more and more attention in recent years because of their distinct bioactivities. This review summarizes different types of phenolic compounds and their extraction and analytical methods used in the recent reports, involving 59 phenolic compounds from 52 kinds of plants. The extraction methods include solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extractions, microwave-assisted extractions, supercritical fluid extraction, and other methods. The analysis methods include spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and near-infrared spectroscopy. After illustrating the specific conditions of the analytical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized, pointing out their respective suitability. This review provides valuable reference for identification and/or quantification of phenolic compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Xu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Antioxidant activity evaluation of dried herbal extracts: an electroanalytical approach. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Luna L, Simirgiotis MJ, Lima B, Bórquez J, Feresin GE, Tapia A. UHPLC-MS Metabolome Fingerprinting: The Isolation of Main Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Andean Species Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Speg.) Speg. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040793. [PMID: 29596368 PMCID: PMC6017344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seriated extracts of petroleum ether (PE-E), dichloromethane (DCM-E) and methanol extracts (MeOH-E) from the aerial parts of the native South American plant Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Rosaceae), were evaluated regarding their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by free radical scavenging methods (DPPH and TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (LP), while the antibacterial activity was performed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The chemical and biological analyses of this plant are very important since this bush is currently used in traditional medicine as a cholagogue and digestive. The polar MeOH-E showed the highest antioxidant activities (17.70 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, 381.43 ± 22.38 mM TE/g extract in the FRAP assay, 387.76 ± 91.93 mg TE/g extract in the TEAC assay and 93.23 + 6.77% in the LP assay) and it was selected for chromatographic isolation of its components. These components were found to be four acetophenones, including the new phloracetophenone glucoside: 4′,6′,-dihydroxy-2′-O-(6″-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylacetophenone or IUPAC name: (6-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl acetate, whose structure was elucidated by NMR and MS methods. In addition, twenty-six compounds, including five of these acetophenone derivatives, two sugars, six flavonoids, eleven phenolic acids and two triterpenes, were identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS and PDA analysis on the MeOH-E. The results support the medicinal use of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Li bertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP5400, Argentina.
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Beatriz Lima
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Li bertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP5400, Argentina.
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), CABA, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Depto. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Li bertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP5400, Argentina.
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), CABA, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Li bertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP5400, Argentina.
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Yang L, Wen KS, Ruan X, Zhao YX, Wei F, Wang Q. Response of Plant Secondary Metabolites to Environmental Factors. Molecules 2018; 23:E762. [PMID: 29584636 PMCID: PMC6017249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) are not only a useful array of natural products but also an important part of plant defense system against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. With remarkable biological activities, plant SMs are increasingly used as medicine ingredients and food additives for therapeutic, aromatic and culinary purposes. Various genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and environmental factors can influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of SMs. According to the literature reports, for example, SMs accumulation is strongly dependent on a variety of environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility and salinity, and for most plants, a change in an individual factor may alter the content of SMs even if other factors remain constant. Here, we review with emphasis how each of single factors to affect the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, and conduct a comparative analysis of relevant natural products in the stressed and unstressed plants. Expectantly, this documentary review will outline a general picture of environmental factors responsible for fluctuation in plant SMs, provide a practical way to obtain consistent quality and high quantity of bioactive compounds in vegetation, and present some suggestions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Kui-Shan Wen
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xiao Ruan
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Ying-Xian Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Feng Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Gray NE, Alcazar Magana A, Lak P, Wright KM, Quinn J, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A. Centella asiatica - Phytochemistry and mechanisms of neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:161-194. [PMID: 31736679 PMCID: PMC6857646 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review describes in detail the phytochemistry and neurological effects of the medicinal herb Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. C. asiatica is a small perennial plant that grows in moist, tropical and sub-tropical regions throughout the world. Phytochemicals identified from C. asiatica to date include isoprenoids (sesquiterpenes, plant sterols, pentacyclic triterpenoids and saponins) and phenylpropanoid derivatives (eugenol derivatives, caffeoylquinic acids, and flavonoids). Contemporary methods for fingerprinting and characterization of compounds in C. asiatica extracts include liquid chromatography and/or ion mobility spectrometry in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple studies in rodent models, and a limited number of human studies support C. asiatica's traditional reputation as a cognitive enhancer, as well as its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Neuroprotective effects of C.asiatica are seen in several in vitro models, for example against beta amyloid toxicity, and appear to be associated with increased mitochondrial activity, improved antioxidant status, and/or inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, phospholipase A2. Neurotropic effects of C. asiatica include increased dendritic arborization and synaptogenesis, and may be due to modulations of signal transduction pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt. Many of these neurotropic and neuroprotective properties of C.asiatica have been associated with the triterpene compounds asiatic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. More recently, caffeoylquinic acids are emerging as a second important group of active compounds in C. asiatica, with the potential of enhancing the Nrf2-antioxidant response pathway. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the triterpenes, caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids found in C. asiatica have been studied in humans and animal models, and the compounds or their metabolites found in the brain. This review highlights the remarkable potential for C. asiatica extracts and derivatives to be used in the treatment of neurological conditions, and considers the further research needed to actualize this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | | | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Joseph Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC),
Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Alqahtani A, Cho JL, Wong KH, Li KM, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Li GQ. Differentiation of Three Centella Species in Australia as Inferred from Morphological Characteristics, ISSR Molecular Fingerprinting and Phytochemical Composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1980. [PMID: 29209345 PMCID: PMC5702339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is one of the popular herbs used for inflammatory and neural conditions. Its differentiation from similar species is currently lacking. The aims of this study were to differentiate the three closely related Centella species using methods based on morphological characters, genetic biodiversity, phytochemical compositions and antioxidant activities. According to the morphological characteristics, the collected samples were identified as three species: C. asiatica, Centella cordifolia and Centella erecta and clustered into three groups based on their morphometric variability. Dendogram constructed on the basis of the intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) analyses were consistent with the morphological grouping. Centella cordifolia had the highest triterpene glycosides, phenolics and antioxidant capacity, followed by C. asiatica, then C. erecta, therefore, was genetically and chemically closer to C. asiatica, while C. erecta was distinctively different from them. The results confirm the occurrence of the closely related three species of Centella in Australia, and the differentiation among them can be achieved via the combination of morphometric, molecular and phytochemical methods. This first comparative botanical study on Centella species provides a foundation for further systematic study and medicinal development of Centella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun-Lae Cho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ka Ho Wong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kong M. Li
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Science and Health, National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Q. Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Charles Dorni AI, Peter G, Jude S, Arundhathy CA, Jacob J, Amalraj A, Pius A, Gopi S. UHPLC–Q-ToF-MS-guided enrichment and purification of triterpenoids from Centella asiatica (L.) extract with macroporous resin. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1280681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregary Peter
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shintu Jude
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Joby Jacob
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anitha Pius
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
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Yang L, Zheng ZS, Cheng F, Ruan X, Jiang DA, Pan CD, Wang Q. Seasonal Dynamics of Metabolites in Needles of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. Molecules 2016; 21:E1403. [PMID: 27775631 PMCID: PMC6273852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variations of the phytochemicals contents in needles of T. wallichiana var. mairei due to the effects of growth meteorological parameters were investigated in this study. The needles of T. wallichiana var. mairei were collected from different months and the contents of taxoids (paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB), baccatin III, cephalomannine, 10-deacetyltaxol (10-DAT)), flavones (ginkgetin, amentoflavone, quercetin) and polysaccharides were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the resonance light scattering (RIL) method. The content of taxoids gave the highest level of 1.77 ± 0.38 mg·g-1 in January, and the lowest value of 0.61 ± 0.08 mg·g-1 in September. Unlike taxoids, the content of flavonoids was the highest in August. The content of polysaccharides reached peak value of 28.52 ± 0.57 mg·g-1 in September, which was two times higher than the lowest content of 9.39 ± 0.17 mg·g-1 in January. The contents of paclitaxel, 10-DAB, 10-DAT and polysaccharides significantly depended on meteorological parameters. The mean of minimum temperature (R = -0.61) and length of daylight (R = -0.60) were significantly correlated to 10-DAB content, while 10-DAT level showed significant correlation with length of daylight (R = -0.70) and relative humidity (R = 0.70). In addition, temperature had significantly negative effect on the content of paclitaxel and a significantly positive effect on that of polysaccharides. This study enriched the knowledge on the accumulation pattern of metabolites and could help us to determine the collecting time of T. wallichiana var. mairei for medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zan-Sheng Zheng
- Ningbo Chemgoo Pharmaceutical Technology Innovation Limited, Ningbo 315112, China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xiao Ruan
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - De-An Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Cun-De Pan
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Madecassic Acid protects against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in retinal microvascular endothelial cells via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:845-852. [PMID: 27728894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Madecassic acid (MA) is an abundant triterpenoid in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Apiaceae) that has been used as a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Up to now, the effects of MA against oxidative stress remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of MA and its mechanisms on hypoxia-induced human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (hRMECs). hRMECs were pre-treated with different concentrations of MA (0-50μM) for 30min before being incubated under hypoxia condition (37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% N2). Cell apoptosis was evaluated with MTT assay and TUNEL staining, and the expression of apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules was assessed with western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. Intracellular ROS level was evaluated using DCFH-DA. Intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated using related Kits. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) nuclear translocation was assessed with western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining. MA significantly reduced oxidative stress in hypoxia-induced hRMECs, as shown by increased cell viability, SOD and GSH-PX leakage, decreased TUNEL- and ROS-positive cell ratio, LDH and MDA leakage, caspase-3 and -9 activity, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In addition, MA also attenuated hypoxia-induced ER stress in hRMECs, as shown by reduced mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous transcription factor (CHOP), protein levels of cleaved activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol-requiring kinase/endonuclease 1 alpha (IRE1α), phosphorylation of pancreatic ER stress kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), cleaved caspase-12 and ATF4 translocation to nucleus. The current study indicated that the regulation of oxidative stress and ER stress by MA would be a promising therapy to reverse the process and development of hypoxia-induced hRMECs dysfunction.
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Kaur I, Suthar N, Kaur J, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Accelerated Stability Studies on Dried Extracts of Centella asiatica Through Chemical, HPLC, HPTLC, and Biological Activity Analyses. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 21:NP127-37. [PMID: 27486096 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216661468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory guidelines recommend systematic stability studies on a herbal product to establish its shelf life. In the present study, commercial extracts (Types I and II) and freshly prepared extract (Type III) of Centella asiatica were subjected to accelerated stability testing for 6 months. Control and stability samples were evaluated for organoleptics, pH, moisture, total phenolic content (TPC), asiatic acid, kaempherol, and high-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprints, and for antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Markers and TPC and both the activities of each extract decreased in stability samples with respect to control. These losses were maximum in Type I extract and minimum in Type III extract. Higher stability of Type III extract than others might be attributed to the additional phytoconstituents and/or preservatives in it. Pearson correlation analysis of the results suggested that TPC, asiatic acid, and kaempferol can be taken as chemical markers to assess chemical and therapeutic shelf lives of herbal products containing Centella asiatica.
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LC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Triterpenoid Glycosides and Aglycones in Centella asiatica L. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zielińska S, Kolniak-Ostek J, Dziadas M, Oszmiański J, Matkowski A. Characterization of polyphenols in Agastache rugosa leaves and inflorescences by UPLC–qTOF–MS following FCPC separation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1147461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dziadas
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Food Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Food Technology, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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