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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Venter P, Ramharack P, Muller CJF. Pancreatic beta cell regenerative potential of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. Aqueous stem bark extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117374. [PMID: 37944876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. is endemic to Africa and has been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus. Moreover, its pharmacological efficacy has been confirmed experimentally using in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. However, the effects of Z. chalybeum extracts and its major constituent compounds on beta cell and islet regeneration are not clear. Further, the mechanisms associated with observed antidiabetic effects at the beta cell level are not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We determined the beta cell regenerative efficacy of Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extract, identified the chemical compounds in Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extracts and explored their putative mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical profiling of the Z. chalybeum extract was achieved using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thereafter, molecular interactions of the compounds with beta cell regeneration targets were evaluated via molecular docking. In vitro, effects of the extract on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress were investigated in RIN-5F beta cells exposed to palmitate or streptozotocin. In vivo, pancreas tissue sections from streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats treated with Z. chalybeum extract were stained for insulin, glucagon, pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) and Ki-67. RESULTS Based on ligand target and molecular docking interactions diosmin was identified as a dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) inhibitor. In vitro, Z. chalybeum augmented cell viability and cell proliferation while in palmitate-pre-treated cells, the extract significantly increased cell activity after 72 h. In vivo, although morphometric analysis showed decreased islet and beta cell size and density, observation of increased Pdx-1 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in extract-treated islets suggests that Z. chalybeum extract has mild beta cell regenerative potential mediated by increased cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mitogenic effects observed in vitro, were not robust enough to elicit sufficient recovery of functional beta cell mass in our in vivo model, in the context of a sustained diabetic milieu. However, the identification of diosmin as a potential Dyrk1A inhibitor merits further inquiry into the attendant molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, PO Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Pieter Venter
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Christo John Frederick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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Das P, Mitra D, Jana K, Ghosh D. In Vitro Study on Spermicidal Action of Hydro-methanol Extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Stem in Rat and Human Sperm: a Comparative Analysis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3480-3494. [PMID: 37640890 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Human fertility regulation is a major way to control overpopulation. In this perspective, this study emphasized the in vitro effect of hydro-methanol extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCHME) stem for spermicidal and reproductive hypo-functions using human and rat samples. Control, 0.5-, 1-, and 2-mg TCHME-charged groups were considered to assess the relevant parameters. Levels of spermiological parameters like sperm motility, viability, the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membrane, and nuclear chromatin decondensation were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the dose- and duration-dependent TCHME-charged groups compared to the control. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of TCHME on motile human and rat sperms were 0.8 and 0.4 mg/ml, respectively. Testicular androgenic key enzymes and antioxidant enzymes (human sperm pellet, testes, and epididymis of rat)' activities were significantly diminished (p < 0.05), while antioxidant enzymes' activities were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in renal and insignificantly (p > 0.05) elevated in hepatic tissues of rat in TCHME-charged groups compared to the control. Significant elevation (p < 0.05) of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)' level in human sperm pellet, testes, and epididymis of rats and significant diminution (p < 0.05) in TBARS levels of liver and kidney were observed in TCHME-charged groups. It focused that TCHME is more potent for stress imposition on reproductive tissues and sperm compared to the other tested tissues. Non-significant alterations (p > 0.05) in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in the said organs of rat indicated its non-toxic effect. It highlighted that TCHME possesses spermicidal and reproductive tissue-specific effects which strengthen the possibilities of male contraceptive development from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Das
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India
| | - Dipanwita Mitra
- Molecular Medicine, Nutrigenomics and Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector-V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Debidas Ghosh
- Molecular Medicine, Nutrigenomics and Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India.
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Jamadagni SB, Ghadge PM, Tambe MS, Srinivasan M, Prasad GP, Jamadagni PS, Prasad SB, Pawar SD, Gurav AM, Gaidhani SN, Kumar YRS, Srikanth N. Amelioration of AlCl 3-induced Memory Loss in the Rats by an Aqueous Extract of Guduchi, a Medhya Rasayana. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221145063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In ayurvedic practice, the Guduchi ( Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) stem is used as a Medhya drug for its beneficial effects on memory improvement. Objectives The current study was planned to explore the Medhya properties of the Guduchi stem extract by observing its ameliorating effect on AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats that acted as a chronic model of memory loss. Materials and Methods The aqueous extract of the Guduchi stem was prepared per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and administered to the AlCl3-treated Wistar rats for 42 days. The biochemical assessment of the brain tissues of the treated animals was done by the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay, protein expression, and oxidative stress assays, namely lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase assay. The neurobehavioral assessment was done using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Results The EPM test revealed that treatment with Guduchi extract showed marked improvement of memory status in rats along with reduced oxidative stress, and a marked modulation of the AChE inhibition and expression of AChE tubulin proteins. Conclusion The results substantiate the Medhya properties of the Guduchi. Detailed investigations are required to be carried out to explore the precise mechanism of the neuroprotective action of the Guduchi stem extract against the AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja M. Ghadge
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukul S. Tambe
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharad D. Pawar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun M. Gurav
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudesh N. Gaidhani
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, Cheruthuruthy, Kerala, India
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Sanwal N, Mishra S, Sharma N, Sahu JK, Raut PK, Naik SN. Evaluation of the phytoconstituents and bioactivity potentials of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae sp.) leaves using GC-MS, HPLC-PDA and ICP-MS: a gender-based comprehensive metabolic profiling. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. A novel role of Tinospora cordifolia in amelioration of cancer-induced systemic deterioration by taming neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154488. [PMID: 36240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has emerged as a systemic disease which targets various organs thus challenging the overall physiology of the host. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate various organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration. Therefore, taming neutrophils via potent immunomodulators could be an appropriate therapeutic approach in regulating systemic damage. Tinospora cordifolia (TC), an Ayurvedic panacea, is known for its immense medicinal values in traditional literature and recent reports have also documented its immunomodulatory potential. However, whether TC can regulate neutrophils to exert its therapeutic effectiveness has not been deciphered so far. METHODS For the in vivo study, we utilized murine model of Dalton's Lymphoma (DL). T. cordifolia extract (TCE) treatment was scheduled at early, mid and advanced stages of tumor growth at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Effect of TCE on neutrophil infiltration was examined by immunostaining. Neutrophil elastase (NE) level in serum, ascitic fluid and various tissues was monitored by ELISA. Further, qPCR was performed to assess transcripts levels of NE, myeloperoxidase (MPO), metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and cathepsin G (CSTG) in various tissues. ROS level in tissue was assessed by DHE staining and organ function was assessed by histology post TCE treatment. RESULTS Our findings showed that TC treatment significantly reduced neutrophil count in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs of tumor-bearing host. Further, it ameliorated neutrophil hyperactivation by down regulating the expression of its key cargoes including NE, MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9 and CSTG at early and mid stage of tumor growth. In addition, TC treatment prevented histopathological alterations and restored the normal serum enzyme levels at different stages of tumor growth. Importantly, TC treatment also showed significant reduction in tumor burden which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in survival of the tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T. cordifolia could limit systemic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Girme A, Saste G, Singh R, Mirgal A, Ingavale R, Balasubramaniam AK, Ghoshal S, Ghule C, Patel S, Verma MK, Maurya R, Hingorani L. Quantitative and rapid quality assessment methods for the multi‐class bioactive constituents of
Tinospora cordifolia
using high‐performance liquid and thin layer chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry characterization. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu India
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Simultaneous Determination of Fourteen Marker Compounds in the Traditional Herbal Prescription, Geumgwesingihwan, Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123890. [PMID: 35745012 PMCID: PMC9227478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Geumgwesingihwan (GSH) is a traditional herbal prescription composed of eight medicinal herbs: Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Dioscorea japonica Thunb., Cornus officinalis Siebold and Zucc., Poria cocos Wolf, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam., Achyranthes bidentate Blume, and Plantago asiatica L. This study developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for simultaneous determination of 14 compounds (allantoin, gallic acid, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, geniposidic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, loganin, geniposide, paeoniflorin, ecdysterone, verbascoside, cornuside, benzoylpaeoniflorin, paeonol, and alisol B acetate) in GSH. The chromatographic separation of all marker analytes was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) using gradient elution of a mobile phase of distilled water–acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid. The newly established UPLC–MS/MS MRM method was validated by evaluating the linearity, the limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. All markers were detected at concentrations of 6.94–4126.28 mg/kg. In addition, the recovery was 76.65–119.49% and the relative standard deviation value of the precision was 0.19–9.91%. The newly developed and validated UPLC–MS/MS assay will provide useful information for quality assessment of GSH.
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Du Q, Meng X, Wang S. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Pharmacological Activities, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Characteristics of Tetrahydropalmatine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890078. [PMID: 35559252 PMCID: PMC9086320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropalmatine (THP), a tetrahydroproberine isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely present in some botanical drugs, such as Stephania epigaea H.S. Lo (Menispermaceae; Radix stephaniae epigaeae), Corydalis yanhusuo (Y.H.Chou & Chun C.Hsu) W.T. Wang ex Z.Y. Su and C.Y. Wu (Papaveraceae; Corydalis rhizoma), and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid (Berberidaceae; Phellodendri chinensis cortex). THP has attracted considerable attention because of its diverse pharmacological activities. In this review, the chemical properties, plant sources, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic and toxicological characteristics of THP were systematically summarized for the first time. The results indicated that THP mainly existed in Papaveraceae and Menispermaceae families. Its pharmacological activities include anti-addiction, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and antitumor effects. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that THP was inadequately absorbed in the intestine and had rapid clearance and low bioavailability in vivo, as well as self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, which could increase the absorption level and absorption rate of THP and improve its bioavailability. In addition, THP may have potential cardiac and neurological toxicity, but toxicity studies of THP are limited, especially its long-duration and acute toxicity tests. In summary, THP, as a natural alkaloid, has application prospects and potential development value, which is promising to be a novel drug for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and other related diseases. Further research on its potential target, molecular mechanism, toxicity, and oral utilization should need to be strengthened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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da Silva Mesquita R, Kyrylchuk A, Cherednichenko A, Costa Sá IS, Macedo Bastos L, Moura Araújo da Silva F, Saraiva Nunomura RDC, Grafov A. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Cholinesterase Inhibition by Alkaloids Obtained from Branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103138. [PMID: 35630611 PMCID: PMC9144276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural products known as ethnobotanicals that have attracted increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, cholinesterase inhibitors were obtained from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler (Menispermaceae), an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Five alkaloids were isolated, and their structure was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, and high-resolution MS: Lindoldhamine isomer m/z 569.2674 (1), stepharine m/z 298.1461 (2), palmatine m/z 352.1616 (3), 5-N-methylmaytenine m/z 420.2669 (4) and the N-trans-feruloyltyramine m/z 314.1404 (5). The compounds 1, 3, and 5 were isolated from A. panurensis for the first time. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes was investigated in silico by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE and BChE enzymes. The compounds 1–4 demonstrated in vitro an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values in the range of 19.55 µM to 61.24 µM. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelly da Silva Mesquita
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Andrii Kyrylchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences—NAS, 5 Murmanska Str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine;
- Chemspace LLC, Of. 1, 85 Chervonotkatska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Cherednichenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia;
- Institute of High Technologies, T. Shevchenko National University, 4-g Prosp. Glushkova, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ingrity Suelen Costa Sá
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Lílian Macedo Bastos
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Saraiva Nunomura
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-94150-221
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Polyphenolic HRMS Characterization, Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma longa Rhizomes from Costa Rica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040620. [PMID: 35453305 PMCID: PMC9030737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites that have been associated with multiple health benefits. For instance, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, have been found to perform important biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and anticoagulant. These promising results prompted this research to evaluate the polyphenols of C. longa rhizomes in Costa Rica. The present work reports a comprehensive study on the polyphenolic profile and the contents of the three main curcuminoids as well as the antioxidant activity of extracts from C. longa rhizomes (n = 12) produced in Costa Rica. Through UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS, a total of 33 polyphenols were identified, grouped in eight types of structures. In addition, our findings on the main curcuminoids using UPLC-DAD show all rhizomes complying with total curcuminoids (TC) content established by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). At an individual level, samples NW-3 and NE-1 show the higher contents (118.7 and 125.0 mg/g dry material), representing more than twice the average values of the lowest samples. These samples also exhibit the highest Folin−Ciocalteu (FC) reducing capacity results as well as the best DPPH (IC50 15.21 and 16.07 µg extract/mL) and NO (IC50 between 52.5 and 54.3 µg extract/mL) antioxidant values. Further, Pearson correlation analysis findings indicated positive correlation (p < 0.05) between TC, CUR with FC results (r = 0.833 and r = 0.867 respectively) and negative correlation (p < 0.05) between CUR, TC and FC with DPPH results (r = −0.898, r = −0.911, and r = −0.890, respectively) and between NO results and DPPH (r = −0.805, p < 0.05). Finally, results for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed composition variability associated with their region of origin with products from the Northeastern (NE) region exhibiting higher average values for FC, TC and antioxidant activities. Further, PCA confirmed that two samples, namely NE-1 and NW-3, stand out by presenting the highest PC1 due to their particularly high TC, CUR and antioxidant activities. Consequently, our findings agree with previous results indicating the importance of C. longa extracts to elaborate products with potential benefits for health, while delivering extracts with higher levels of curcuminoids than previous reports and exhibiting high antioxidant activity.
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Zhong F, Chen Y, Chen J, Liao H, Li Y, Ma Y. Jatrorrhizine: A Review of Sources, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:783127. [PMID: 35095493 PMCID: PMC8793695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatrorrhizine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a bioactive metabolite in common medicinal plants, such as Berberis vernae Schneid., Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. and Coptis chinensis Franch. These plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for their wide-ranging pharmacological properties. This review emphasizes the latest and comprehensive information on the sources, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of jatrorrhizine. Studies on this alkaloid were collected from scientific internet databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC and CNKI, using a combination of keywords involving “jatrorrhizine”, “sources”, “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology”. Jatrorrhizine exhibits anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, anticancer, anti-obesity and hypolipidemic properties, along with central nervous system activities and other beneficial activity. Studies of jatrorrhizine have laid the foundation for its application to the treatment of various diseases, but some issues still exist. Further investigations might emphasize 1) specific curative mechanisms of jatrorrhizine and clinical utility, 2) application prospect in the treatment of metabolic disorders, 3) comprehensive investigations of the toxicity mechanisms and 4) interactions of jatrorrhizine with other pharmaceuticals and development of derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Arunachalam K, Yang X, San TT. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114540. [PMID: 34509604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae) is a Mediterranean herb, used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicines. The herb is also used in conventional medicine to treat oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, including inflammation, pain, diarrhea, asthma, respiratory infections, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The taxonomy, botanical classification, geographical distribution, and ethnobotanical uses of T. cordifolia, as well as the phytochemical compounds found in the herb, the toxicology of and pharmacological and clinical studies on the effects of T. cordifolia are all covered in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on T. cordifolia, we used a variety of scientific databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The information discussed focuses on biologically active compounds found in T. cordifolia, and common applications and pharmacological activity of the herb, as well as toxicological and clinical studies on its properties. RESULTS The findings of this study reveal a connection between the use of T. cordifolia in conventional medicine and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and other biological effects. The entire plant, stem, leaves, root, and extracts of T. cordifolia have been shown to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impact. Toxicological testing demonstrated that this plant may have medicinal applications. T. cordifolia contains a variety of biologically active compounds from various chemical classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, sitosterols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Based on the reports researched for this review, we believe that chemicals in T. cordifolia may activate Nrf2, which leads to the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPx, GST, and GR, and thereby induces the adaptive response to oxidative stress. T. cordifolia is also able to reduce NF-κB signalling by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, activating AMPK and sirtuins, and downregulating PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the pharmacological properties displayed by T. cordifolia back up its conventional uses. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities were all demonstrated in T. cordifolia stem extracts. To validate pharmacodynamic targets, further research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the known compounds against gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory processes, and microbial infections, as immunostimulants, and in chemotherapy. The T. cordifolia safety profile was confirmed in a toxicological analysis, which prompted pharmacokinetic assessment testing to confirm its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Thae Thae San
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
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Thakur RK, Rajpal VR, Raina SN, Kumar P, Sonkar A, Joshi L. UPLC-DAD Assisted Phytochemical Quantitation Reveals a Sex, Ploidy and Ecogeography Specificity in the Expression Levels of Selected Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Tinospora cordifolia: Implications for Elites' Identification Program. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:698-709. [PMID: 31976836 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200124105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal phytochemistry involving UPLC-DAD in an exhaustive analysis involving quantification of eight commercially important phytochemicals viz. syringin, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, tinocordiside, palmatine, 20β-hydroxyecdysone, L-tetrahydropalmatine and berberine has been done in 143 accessions from eight states and the union territories of Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir of India representing three different ploidy levels viz. diploid (2x), triploid (3x) and synthetic tetraploid (4x). The study was done to assess the effect of sex, ploidy level and ecogeography on the expression level of secondary metabolites in stems of dioecious, medicinally important shrub Tinospora cordifolia. METHODS Two different UPLC-DAD methods were used for the quantification of eight selected phytochemicals from the alcoholic stem extracts of T. cordifolia accessions. The Waters Acquity UPLC system hyphenated to the QTOF micromass system, equipped with PDA and ESI-Q-TOF detectors was utilized for the quantitative analysis, Mass Lynx v 4.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS Significant quantitative changes were observed in the analysed secondary metabolites among different accessions of T. cordifolia. The triploid (3x) cytotypes revealed higher amounts of seven out of eight analysed secondary metabolites than diploids and only 20β-hydroxyecdysone was observed to be present in significantly higher amount in diploid cytotypes. Further, at the tetraploid level, novel induced colchiploid (synthetic 4x) genotypes revealed increase in the yield of all of the analysed eight phytochemicals than their respective diploid counterparts. The quantity of active principles in tetraploid cytotypes were also higher than the average triploid levels at multiple locations in five out of eight tested phytochemicals, indicating the influence of ploidy on expression levels of secondary metabolites in T. cordifolia. Additionally, at each of the three ploidy levels (2x, 3x and synthetic 4x), a significant sex specificity could be observed in the expression levels of active principles, with female sex outperforming the male in the content of some phytochemicals, while others getting overexpressed in the male sex. The manifestation of diverse ecogeographies on secondary metabolism was observed in the form of identification of high yielding accessions from the states of Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Himachal Pradesh and the Union territory of Jammu & Kashmir. Two triploid female accessions that contained approximately two- to eight fold higher amounts of five out of the eight analysed phytochemicals have been identified as superior elites from the wild from the states of Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. CONCLUSION The paper shows the first observations of ploidy specificity along with subtle sex and ecogeography influence on the expression levels of secondary metabolome in T. cordifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kr Thakur
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Botany Department, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S N Raina
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Sonkar
- Botany Department, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Joshi
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Paul C, Debnath A, Chakraborty K, Ghosh S, Bhattacharjee A, Debnath B. Sex-specific variations in phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentiality of Dioscorea. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The monocotyledonous herbaceous crop Dioscorea is native to tropical and temperate regions of the world. Dioscorea tubers are dioecious in nature, have colossal therapeutic potentiality, and are frequently used in traditional medical practices throughout the world. Most of the research works are aimed to determine the medicinal property, nutritions, antinutrients, and biological activities of Dioscorea spp. without specifying the sexes of Dioscorea which promoted us to carry out this present research work.
Results
Sex-specific variation of phytoconstituents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial efficiency in tubers was appraised. The results obtained from this study divulge existence of significant quantitative variation between the male and female tubers. The female tubers are superior in acquiring phytochemicals compared to male counterparts and acquired maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial potentiality.
Conclusion
This study will offer an apposite baseline for further sex-specific assessment which can be directed towards both qualitative and quantitative amelioration of medicinally important noble compounds by exploiting modern scientific strategies leading to their active participation in nutraceutical industries.
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Singh P, Gupta A, Qayoom I, Singh S, Kumar A. Orthobiologics with phytobioactive cues: A paradigm in bone regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110754. [PMID: 34321168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone injuries occur due to various traumatic and disease conditions. Healing of bone injury occurs via a multi-stage intricate process. Body has the potential to rectify most of the bone injuries but some severe traumatic cases with critical size defects may require interventions. Autografts are still considered the "gold standard" for fracture healing but due to limitations associated with it, new alternatives are warranted. The field of orthobiologics has provided novel approaches using scaffolds, bioactive molecules, stem cells for the treatment of bone defects. Phyto-bioactives have been widely used in alternative medicine and folklore practices for curing bone ailments. It is believed that different bioactive constituents in plants work synergistically to give the therapeutic efficacy. Bioactives in plants extracts act upon different signal transduction pathways aiding in bone healing. The present review focuses on the use, chemical composition, mode of delivery, mechanism of action, and possible future strategies of three medicinal plants popularly used in traditional medicine for bone healing: Cissus quadrangularis, Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants extracts seem to be a natural and non-toxic therapeutic alternative in treating bone injuries. Most of the studies on bone healing for these plants have reported oral administration of the extracts and presented them as a safe alternative without any side effects despite giving higher doses. Forthcoming studies could be directed towards the local delivery of extracts at the defect site. Unification of herbal extracts and orthobiologics could be an interesting direction in the field of bone healing in future. The present review intends to provide a bird's eye view of different strategies used in bone healing, mechanisms involved and future direction of advancements using phytobioactives and orthobiologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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Okon E, Luszczki JJ, Kukula-Koch W, Halasa M, Jarzab A, Khurelbat D, Stepulak A, Wawruszak A. Synergistic or Additive Pharmacological Interactions between Magnoflorine and Cisplatin in Human Cancer Cells of Different Histological Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082848. [PMID: 32325867 PMCID: PMC7215826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnoflorine is an aporphine alkaloid present in plant species belonging to the Berberidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Menispermaceae, or Papaveraceae botanical families. The interest of magnoflorine has increased recently due to its multiplicity of pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was the analysis of combined anti-proliferative effect of magnoflorine and cisplatin and the assessment of drug–drug pharmacological interaction between these agents using isobolographic method in MDA-MB-468 human breast, NCIH1299 lung, TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma, or T98G glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Magnoflorine in combination with cisplatin at a fixed ratio of 1:1 augmented their anticancer action and yielded synergistic or additive pharmacological interactions by means of isobolographic method, therefore combined therapy using these two active agents can be a promising chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of some types of breast, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastoma cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Jarogniew J. Luszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Daariimaa Khurelbat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig St., Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-63-50
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Parveen A, Wang YH, Fantoukh O, Alhusban M, Raman V, Ali Z, Khan IA. Development of a chemical fingerprint as a tool to distinguish closely related Tinospora species and quantitation of marker compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112894. [PMID: 31606561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tinospora species are morphologically similar. Several cases of human toxicity have been reported in association with T. crispa. A chemical fingerprint was developed to differentiate T. crispa from its closely related species and to quantitate its major furanoditerpenes namely as borapetosides B, C and F. The rapid, sensitive and repeatable method was established using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and single quadrupole electrospray mass spectrometry detectors using a flavonoid, two alkaloids, an amide and six diterpenoids. Qualitative and quantitative determination was performed by UHPLC-UV and confirmed by MS. The intra-day RSD for replicates was between 0.9 and 6.8% and inter-day RSD was between 1.2 and 9.1%. Recovery was 97-103 %. The method is useful to achieve decisiveness in not only identifying but also differentiating T. crispa from T. sinensis and other closely related Tinospora species. Seventeen Tinospora plant samples and seventeen dietary supplements claiming T. crispa, T. sinensis and T. cordifolia were analyzed. The newly developed and validated method successfully resulted in the conclusive identification of two dietary supplements to be mislabeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidah Parveen
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Omer Fantoukh
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alhusban
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Wang B, Zhang N. A review on analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1794-1815. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of Education and PLADepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
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Baskaran R, Priya LB, Sathish Kumar V, Padma VV. Tinospora cordifolia extract prevents cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:252-257. [PMID: 30316725 PMCID: PMC6314239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) pollution is of serious concern due to its toxic effects in both humans and animals. The study investigates the protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia stem methanolic extract (TCME) on Cd induced hepatotoxicity. Objective(s) The objective of the study was to explore the hepatoprotective effects of T. cordifolia extract. Materials and methods Rats were administered orally with Cd (5 mg/kg) and TCME (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum and liver tissues homogenates were subjected to biochemical analysis. Results Cd treated rats showed increased activities of the serum marker enzymes of liver damage such as AST and ALT along with increased levels of LPO and protein carbonyl content in liver tissues. Cd treatment also leads to decreased activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GST), membrane ATPases (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and Mg2+K+ATPase) and the tissue glycoprotein levels (hexose, fucose, hexosamine and sialic acid). Histological analysis revealed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes with focal necrosis upon Cd administration. TCME co-treatment restored the biochemical and histological alterations caused by Cd intoxication to near normal levels. Conclusion The results of the present investigation reveal the hepatoprotective nature of T.cordifolia against Cd induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Baskaran
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sathish Kumar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sharma A, Kaur G. Tinospora cordifolia as a potential neuroregenerative candidate against glutamate induced excitotoxicity: an in vitro perspective. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:268. [PMID: 30285727 PMCID: PMC6167833 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS acts as a neurotoxin at higher concentrations. Prolonged activation of glutamate receptors results in progressive neuronal damage by aggravating calcium influx, inducing mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Excitotoxic cell death is associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as trauma, brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of Tinospora cordifolia against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using primary cerebellar neuronal cultures as a model system. METHODS Monosodium salt of glutamate was used to induce neurotoxic injury in primary cerebellar neurons. Four extracts including Hexane extract, Chloroform extract, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol extract were obtained from fractionation of previously reported aqueous ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia and tested for neuroprotective activity. Out of the four fractions, Butanol extract of T. cordifolia (B-TCE) exhibited neuroprotective potential by preventing degeneration of neurons induced by glutamate. Expression of different neuronal, apoptotic, inflammatory, cell cycle regulatory and plasticity markers was studied by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurite outgrowth and migration were also studied using primary explant cultures, wound scratch and gelatin zymogram assay. RESULTS At molecular level, B-TCE pretreatment of glutamate-treated cultures normalized the stress-induced downregulation in the expression of neuronal markers (MAP-2, GAP-43, NF200) and anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-xL). Further, cells exposed to glutamate showed enhanced expression of inflammatory (NF-κB, AP-1) and senescence markers (HSP70, Mortalin) as well as the extent of mitochondrial damage. However, B-TCE pretreatment prevented this increase and inhibited glutamate-induced onset of inflammation, stress and mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, B-TCE was observed to promote regeneration, migration and plasticity of cerebellar neurons, which was otherwise significantly inhibited by glutamate treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that B-TCE may have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential against catastrophic consequences of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Seethapathy GS, Ravikumar K, Paulsen BS, de Boer HJ, Wangensteen H. Ethnobotany of dioecious species: Traditional knowledge on dioecious plants in India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:56-64. [PMID: 29635015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE More than 15,000 angiosperm species are dioecious, i.e., having distinct male and female individual plants. The allocation of resources between male and female plants is different, and also variation in secondary metabolites and sex-biased herbivory is reported among dioecious plants. However, little is known about the ethnobotany of dioecious species and whether preferences exist for a specific gender, e.g., in food, medicine or timber. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was: 1) to study whether Indian folk healers have preference for plant genders, and to document their knowledge and use of dioecious species; 2) to understand the concept of plant gender in Indian systems of medicine and folk medicine, and whether Ayurvedic literature includes any references to gender preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lists of dioecious plants used in Indian systems of medicine and folk medicine were compiled. Ethnobotanical data was collected on perceptions and awareness of dioecious plants, and preferences of use for specific genders of dioecious species using semi-structured interviews with folk healers in Tamil Nadu, India. In addition, twenty Ayurvedic doctors were interviewed to gain insight into the concept of plant gender in Ayurveda. RESULTS Indian systems of medicine contain 5-7% dioecious species, and this estimate is congruent with the number of dioecious species in flowering plants in general. Informants recognized the phenomenon of dioecy in 31 out of 40 species, and reported gender preferences for 13 species with respect to uses as timber, food and medicine. Among informants different plant traits such as plant size, fruit size, and visibility of fruits determines the perception of a plant being a male or female. Ayurvedic classical literature provides no straightforward evidence on gender preferences in preparation of medicines or treatment of illness, however it contains details about reproductive morphology and sexual differentiation of plants. CONCLUSIONS A knowledge gap exists in ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological literature on traditional knowledge of dioecious plants. From this explorative study it is evident that people have traditional knowledge on plant gender and preferential usages towards one gender. Based on this, we propose that researchers conducting ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies should consider documenting traditional knowledge on sexual systems of plants, and test the existence of gender specific usages in their conceptual framework and hypothesis testing. Incorporating such concepts could provide new dimensions of scientific knowledge with potential implications to conservation biology, chemical ecology, ethnoecology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Saroja Seethapathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, 0318 Oslo, Norway; The Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), 74/2 Jarakabande Kaval, Post Attur via Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Kaliamoorthy Ravikumar
- The Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), 74/2 Jarakabande Kaval, Post Attur via Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Mouhoub F, Ouafi S, Chabane D. Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of Gender of
Ahaggar’s Aerva javanica in Animal Models. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.640.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dos Santos Freitas D, Alcantara GB. Metabolic Study of Dioecy in Mauritia flexuosa: NMR-based and Chemometric Approaches. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:316-324. [PMID: 29356155 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mauritia flexuosa is a dioecious species native to the Amazon, and the gender identification can currently be determined through the differentiation between female and male flowers in the first flowering. OBJECTIVES To identify variations in the metabolome profiles of pooled and individual samples of leaves from female and male plants of M. flexuosa in reproductive phase, and the plant in its vegetative phase, using two extraction systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extractions of leaves were separately conducted using deuterated water and methanol. The extracts were evaluated by NMR spectroscopy and chemometric methods. RESULTS Different NMR spectroscopic profiles were observed for females, males, and plants in the vegetative phase. Significant variations were found in the carbohydrate and fatty acid contents for the aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. Although principal component analysis (PCA) has not been efficient to distinguish the genders, orthogonal signal correction/partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was able to successfully differentiate male and female plants in the reproductive phase, independently on the sampling approach. For plants in the vegetative phase, OPLS-DA method from aqueous extracts of M. flexuosa leaves also distinguished female samples from the others and showed a small overlap between male and young plants, while the classification model was not able to be used for prediction. CONCLUSIONS NMR spectroscopy and chemometric-based approach was demonstrated to be useful in the metabolic study of dioecy in M. flexuosa. The extracts of the leaves allowed for differentiation between male and female plants; however, for plants in the vegetative phase, the identification of the gender was not effective. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisy Dos Santos Freitas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Braz Alcantara
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Jiao QS, Xu LL, Zhang JY, Wang ZJ, Jiang YY, Liu B. Rapid Characterization and Identification of Non-Diterpenoid Constituents in Tinospora sinensis by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS n. Molecules 2018; 23:E274. [PMID: 29382158 PMCID: PMC6017642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinospora sinensis, a kind of Chinese folk medicine, has functions of harmonizing qi and blood, dredging the channels and collaterals, calming and soothing the nerves. In the present study, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) was developed for the systematical characterization of the non-diterpenoid constituents which possessed remarkable biological activities in T. sinensis, like anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic activity and immunomodulatory activity. Based on the accurate mass measurement (<5 ppm), retention times and MS fragmentation ions, 60 non-diterpenoid constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from T. sinensis extract, including 27 alkaloids, 23 phenylpropanoids, seven sesquiterpenoids and three other constituents. Among them, 13 compounds were tentatively identified as new compounds. Finally, three of the non-diterpenoid constituents were purified and identified, which further confirmed the validity of the results. This study demonstrated that the HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn platform was a useful and efficient analytical tool to screen and identify constituents in natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shu Jiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Jiang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Wiesneth S, Aas G, Heilmann J, Jürgenliemk G. Investigation of the flavan-3-ol patterns in willow species during one growing-season. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 145:26-39. [PMID: 29059537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (PAs) and salicylic alcohol derivatives are the main groups of ingredients in Salix needed as defensive tools and signal molecules, but have also pharmaceutical importance. The present study investigated total PA content, complete PA pattern, the oligomeric/total PAs quotient and the contents of catechin and epicatechin during one growing-season for the leaves and this year's sprouts in ten willows (Salix pentandra L. ♂, S. alba L. ♂, S. fragilis L. ♀, S. caprea L. ♂ & ♀, S. cinerea L. ♂, S. caprea x cinerea ♂, S. daphnoidesVill. ♂ & ♀ and S. purpurea L. ♀; all Salicaceae). Comparison of the different species revealed distinct seasonal fluctuations of the oligomeric and polymeric PA fractions, but the contents of both groups always developed in the same direction. All willows prefer the synthesis of PAs with DP-2 - DP-4 within the oligomeric fraction (DP-2 - DP-10) and species with rather low PA contents like S. purpurea (0.1-2.6 mg/g) as well as species with rather high PA contents like S. alba (3.8-14.7 mg/g) were found. Only slight gender specific differences could be observed for both sexes of S. daphnoides and S. caprea. The PA pattern of the hybrid S. caprea x cinerea seems to be influenced by both parents. Thus, the accumulation of the oligomeric PAs accorded to S. caprea and the polymeric PAs matched S. cinerea resulting in an overall depression of PAs in the sprouts and a varying seasonal trend in the leaves. In contrast, the content of catechin remained high and seemed to be not influenced in the hybrid. Although only one individual of each Salix species could be considered in this screening study, the present results demonstrate the variability of the flavan-3-ol pattern within the genus Salix but also some preliminary correlations could be observed. Future studies with more Salix species will provide more insights into chemotaxonomic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiesneth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Aas
- Ecological-Botanical Gardens, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Ability of higenamine and related compounds to enhance glucose uptake in L6 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6412-6416. [PMID: 29066136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are employed as bronchodilators to treat pulmonary disorders, but are attracting attention for their modulation of glucose handling and energy expenditure. Higenamine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline present in several plant species and has β2AR agonist activity, but the involvement of each functional groups in β2AR agonist activity and its effectiveness compared with endogenous catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) has rarely been studied. Glucose uptake of muscle cells are known to be induced through β2AR activation. Here, the ability to enhance glucose uptake of higenamine was compared with that of several methylated derivatives of higenamine or endogenous catecholamines. We found that: (i) the functional groups of higenamine except for the 4'-hydroxy group are required to enhance glucose uptake; (ii) higenamine shows a comparable ability to enhance glucose uptake with that of epinephrine and norepinephrine; (iii) the S-isomer shows a greater ability to enhance glucose uptake compared with that of the R-isomer.
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27
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Jia S, Du Z, Song C, Jin S, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Xiong C, Jiang H. Identification and characterization of curcuminoids in turmeric using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:110-122. [PMID: 28951052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A three-step strategy was developed for systematic characterization of curcuminoids in turmeric. Based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 89 curcuminoids including 16 novel ones were identified in the turmeric samples using this approach. During the identification process, false positive results were excluded by combining the positive and negative ESI-MS/MS analyses. Moreover, the characterization of the keto and enol forms of type A, B and C curcuminoids was first discussed and they were clearly distinguished using negative ESI-MS/MS method with UV spectra analyses. The structures of detected curcuminoids were identified and rationalized in both ion modes. Additionally, the fragmentation behaviors of the 15 types of curcuminoids were clearly illustrated in this work, which will be helpful for detection and identification of corresponding trace curcuminoids in complex turmeric samples using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Jia
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaomei Xiong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Synthesis and Detailed Examination of Spectral Properties of (S) and (R)-Higenamine 4'-O-β-d-Glucoside and HPLC Analytical Conditions to Distinguish the Diastereomers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091450. [PMID: 28858255 PMCID: PMC6151503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Higenamine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline present in several plants that has β-adrenergic receptor agonist activity. Study of the biosynthesis of higenamine has shown the participation of norcoclaurine synthase, which controls the stereochemistry to construct the (S)-isomer. However, when isolated from nature, higenamine is found as the racemate, or even the (R)-isomer. We recently reported the isolation of higenamine 4'-O-β-d-glucoside. Herein, its (R)- and (S)-isomers were synthesized and compared to precisely determine the stereochemistry of the isolate. Owing to their similar spectral properties, determination of the stereochemistry based on NMR data was considered inappropriate. Therefore, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was established to separate the isomers, and natural higenamine 4'-O-β-d-glucoside was determined to be a mixture of isomers.
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Bajpai V, Kumar S, Singh A, Singh J, Negi MPS, Bag SK, Kumar N, Konwar R, Kumar B. Chemometric Based Identification and Validation of Specific Chemical Markers for Geographical, Seasonal and Gender Variations in Tinospora cordifolia Stem using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:277-288. [PMID: 28111813 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tinospora cordifolia is a widely distributed medicinal plant used in various traditional and commercial Ayurvedic formulations. Due to the wide use of this plant it is important to know the extent of variability in the metabolite profile resulting from geographical location, season and gender. OBJECTIVE To develop a statistical approach based on phytochemical markers for confident prediction of variations in metabolic profile and cytotoxicity due to geographical, seasonal and gender difference in T. cordifolia stem. METHODS A HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method was used for the metabolite profiling of T. cordifolia stem. The data were analysed using chemometric methods including Student's t-test, ANOVA, FA/PCA and ROC curve analysis and validated for the identification of chemical variations. The bioactivity of selected samples was also tested using a cell cytotoxicity assay to assess the functional aspect of the phytochemical variability. RESULTS The chemometric approach applied here identified marker ions for geographical locations (m/z 294.1139 and 445.2136), seasons (m/z 344.1482, 359.1501, and 373.1305) and gender (m/z 257.1380) with 100% statistical sensitivity and specificity. An in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that male T. cordifolia stem was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of cancerous cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The developed and validated chemometric approach identified the analytical markers for phytochemical variations in unknown T. cordifolia stem samples from male or female plants and samples collected from different geographical locations and seasons. The results are supported by comparative cytotoxic activity data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, -110001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
| | - Awantika Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, -110001, India
| | - Jyotsana Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, -110001, India
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226031, India
| | - M P S Negi
- Biometry and Statistics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Bag
- Betel Vine Biotechnology Lab, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Betel Vine Biotechnology Lab, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
- B2/M91, SBI Colony, Sector B, Jankipuram, Lucknow, -226031, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226031, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, -226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, -110001, India
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Analysis of isoquinoline alkaloids from Mahonia leschenaultia and Mahonia napaulensis roots using UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS n and UHPLC-QqQ LIT-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2016; 7:77-86. [PMID: 29404021 PMCID: PMC5686872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahonia leschenaultia (ML) and Mahonia napaulensis (MN) are less known and unexplored medicinal plants of the family Berberidaceae. They are used by the Todas of Nilgiris in their religious and medical practices but chemically less identified. Hence, we decided to do extensive phytochemical analysis to explore the potential of these plant extracts. An ultrahigh performance electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method was successfully developed for qualitative analysis of the bioactive components in Mahonia species using Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer. Sixteen compounds were identified by comparison of their retention times and mass spectra (MS) with authentic standards and reported literature. Multi-stage mass spectra (MS2–8) for the identification of protoberberine and aporphine alkaloids showed the sequential expulsion of all the substituents attached with their basic skeleton followed by CO loss. Eight of the identified compounds (berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, magnoflorine, isocorydine, glaucine, tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberberine) were simultaneously determined by another UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS method under the multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode quantitatively using triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The analytical method was validated for 8 bioactive compounds with overall recovery in the range 98.5%–103.6% (RSD≤2.2%), precise (RSD≤2.07%) and linear (r≥0.9995) over the concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL and successfully applied in ML and MN roots, which suggests the suitability of the proposed approach for the routine analysis of Mahonia species and their quality control.
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