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Berzonsky MD, Papini DR. Cross-lagged associations between cognitive dispositions, identity processing styles, and identity commitments. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.2013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis R. Papini
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Springfield, IL, USA
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Berzonsky MD, Kuk L. Identity Styles and College Adaptation: The Mediational Roles of Commitment, Self-Agency and Self-Regulation. IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2021.1979552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Berzonsky
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, New York, United States
| | - Linda Kuk
- School of Education, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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Ng DX, Lin PKF, Marsh NV, Chan KQ, Ramsay JE. Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707652. [PMID: 34650474 PMCID: PMC8506218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality factor of openness to experience, which encompasses curiosity, imagination, and a desire for new experiences, has been associated negatively with prejudice and positively with the closely related value of tolerance. While these relationships have been reviewed at the factor level, there has been no review of research at the lower facet level. This review aims to uncover the relationships between the facets of openness and the constructs of prejudice and tolerance. We conducted a preregistered scoping review with meta-analysis following the recommended guidelines from Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 2,349 articles were reviewed, with 16 primary research articles (or 17 studies) meeting the criteria for inclusion. Aggregated effect sizes via random-effect meta-analysis revealed that all revised neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and international personality item pool (IPIP)-based facets of openness significantly predicted prejudice and tolerance. Out of the three measures [i.e., NEO-PI-R, IPIP-NEO, and honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience personality inventory (HEXACO-PI), and the facets of openness examined], the NEO-PI-R facet of value was most strongly associated with prejudice. In contrast, the NEO-PI-R facet of aesthetics was the facet most strongly associated with tolerance. However, these results should be treated as preliminary in light of the small number of meta-analyzed studies and more primary research studies are needed to confirm the trends found in this review. This review represents the first step in the systematic investigation of the link between the facets of openness and components of prejudice and tolerance and contributes toward explaining prejudice and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. X. Ng
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
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Süssenbach P, Carvacho H. Authoritarians and social dominators view career women markedly different (but only if they fail). JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Süssenbach
- Department for Human Resources/Health/Social Sciences Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (University of Applied Sciences) Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - Héctor Carvacho
- Escuela de Psicología Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
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Vukčević Marković M, Nicović A, Živanović M. Contextual and Psychological Predictors of Militant Extremist Mindset in Youth. Front Psychol 2021; 12:622571. [PMID: 33643150 PMCID: PMC7902909 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to identify contextual and psychological factors of proneness to radicalization and violent extremism (RVE) operationalized through the Militant Extremist Mindset scale (MEM) consisting of three distinct aspects: Proviolence (PV), Vile World beliefs (VW), and trust in Divine Power (DP). A community sample of 271 high school students (72% females) from Belgrade and Sandžak regions in Serbia completed: (1) a 24-item MEM scale; (2) contextual measures including a 6-item scale of family dysfunction (FDys) and a 4-item composite measure capturing exposure to a harsh school environment and peer abuse (HSE); (3) psychological measures including the 9-item Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale (RWA), the 5-item Social Dominance Orientation scale (SDO), and the 20-item UCLA Loneliness scale (LON). A path analysis was conducted with contextual factors on the first and psychological factors on the second level of the model predicting the three factors of MEM. LON was positively predicted by FDys and HSE, SDO by HSE only, while RWA was positively predicted by FDys only. Contextual and psychological factors accounted for 27% of the variance in PV (LON, SDO), 15% of the variance in VW (FDys, SDO), and 31% of the variance in DP (RWA). Obtained findings reveal a complex interplay of contextual and psychological drivers in the prediction of different aspects of RVE and build upon existing knowledge on risk factors associated with RVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Vukčević Marković
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Laboratory for the Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- PIN—Psychosocial Innovation Network, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marko Živanović
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Laboratory for the Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- PIN—Psychosocial Innovation Network, Belgrade, Serbia
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Meeus J, Duriez B, Vanbeselaere N, Phalet K, Kuppens P. Examining dispositional and situational effects on outgroup attitudes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two research lines have dominated the quest for the antecedents of outgroup attitudes. Whereas the first has viewed outgroup attitudes as a result of individual differences, the second stressed the importance of the intergroup situation. In order to investigate the interplay of individual differences and situational characteristics, key predictors of the individual differences perspective (i.e. right‐wing authoritarianism or RWA, and social dominance orientation or SDO) and the intergroup relations perspective (i.e. ingroup identification and ingroup threat) were simultaneously tested. Two studies revealed additive but no interaction effects of RWA and SDO, ingroup identification and threat. Additionally, Study 1 showed that threat effects remain limited to the outgroup that is portrayed as threatening and do not generalize to other outgroups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Dallago F, Roccato M. Right‐wing authoritarianism, Big Five and perceived threat to safety. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using structural equations modelling, we performed a secondary analysis of the data collected by the Italian Observatory of the North West (Italian national sample, N = 976) to investigate the direct, mediated and moderated relations connecting the Big Five personality factors and perceived personal and societal threat to safety with right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA). Openness, Conscientiousness and perceived societal threat to safety exerted additive effects on RWA; the relation between Openness and RWA was partially mediated by societal threat to safety and that between societal threat to safety and RWA was moderated by Openness. Limitations and possible developments of this research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Roccato
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Duckitt J, Sibley CG. Right–Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation Differentially Moderate Intergroup Effects on Prejudice. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that two individual difference dimensions, Right–Wing authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), consistently predict prejudice. Traditionally it has been assumed that RWA and SDO both index generalized dispositions to dislike outgroups and those who differ, and therefore predict prejudice similarly. An alternative approach suggests that RWA and SDO express different motivational bases for prejudice that differentially interact with intergroup conditions to predict prejudice. This was tested by investigating students’ reactions to varying descriptions of a bogus immigrant group. As hypothesized, the degree to which RWA and SDO predicted opposition to the immigrants was differentially contingent on the degree to which the immigrants were described as economically competitive, socially threatening (deviant) and socio–economically disadvantaged. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Duckitt
- Psychology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris G. Sibley
- Psychology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Van Hiel A, Cornelis I, Roets A. The intervening role of social worldviews in the relationship between the five‐factor model of personality and social attitudes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present research investigates in a student (N = 183) and a voter sample (N = 276) whether the relationships between the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) personality dimensions and social attitudes (i.e. Right‐Wing Authoritarianism [RWA] and Social Dominance Orientation [SDO]) are mediated by social worldviews (i.e. dangerous and jungle worldviews). Two important results were obtained. First, the perception of the world as inherently dangerous and chaotic partially mediated the relationships of the personality dimensions Openness and Neuroticism and the social attitude RWA. Second, the jungle worldview completely mediated the relationships between Agreeableness and SDO, but considerable item overlap between the jungle worldview and SDO was also noted. It was further revealed that acquiescence response set and item overlap had an impact on social worldviews and attitudes, but that their relationships were hardly affected by these biases. The discussion focuses on the status of social worldviews to explain social attitudes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I. Cornelis
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A. Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Onraet E, Van Hiel A, Roets A, Cornelis I. The closed mind: ‘Experience’ and ‘cognition’ aspects of openness to experience and need for closure as psychological bases for right–wing attitudes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Openness to Experience and Need for Closure (NFC) are dispositional variables related to social–cultural right–wing attitudes. The present study investigated their joint effects. Factor analysis revealed an ‘experiential’ dimension with high loading openness items, and a ‘cognition’ dimension with high loadings for most NFC items and about a quarter of the openness item set. The experiential openness items were weakly related to right–wing attitudes, demonstrating little predictive value. Conversely, the cognitive openness and NFC items were powerful predictors of right–wing attitudes, and also played an important role in integrative models, both as a predictor of authoritarianism–based racism and as a mediator of age related increments in right–wing attitudes. It is concluded that right–wing attitudes should be primarily understood in terms of (motivated) cognition, and to a smaller extent in terms of experiential openness. The distinction between ‘experiential’ and ‘cognitive’ openness is critically assessed, and it is asserted that because cognition is a multifaceted construct openness contains more than one cognitive dimension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Onraet
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ilse Cornelis
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Predicting explicit and implicit attitudes towards gay men using the dual process model of prejudice and the dark tetrad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zurcher JD, Holmgren HG, Coyne SM, Barlett CP, Yang C. Parenting and Cyberbullying Across Adolescence. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 21:294-303. [PMID: 29762067 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyberbullying perpetration continues to be a prevalent and harmful phenomenon. Despite the recent wealth of studies that examine cyberbullying frequency, further research is needed to investigate protective factors or variables that decrease the likelihood of engaging in cyberbullying perpetration. Past work has identified certain types of parenting as a potential protective factor against adolescent cyberbullying perpetration; however, there is a paucity of research testing these relations over time. This study explores parenting during early adolescence as predicting attitudes and behaviors associated with cyberbullying in late adolescence. Data were derived from the Flourishing Families Project (FFP) at Wave 2 (M age = 12) and Wave 9 (M age = 19). Results suggest that the authoritative parenting style-specifically the warmth and support dimension-was associated with less supportive attitudes toward cyberbullying and lower levels of cyberbullying in emerging adulthood. Moreover, particularly for boys, authoritarian parenting behaviors served as a risk factor for cyberbullying engagement. Suggestions are offered to advocate for greater positive parenting education during early adolescence as a potential protective factor against cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hailey G Holmgren
- 2 Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah M Coyne
- 3 School of Family Life, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | | | - Chongming Yang
- 5 Family Home and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
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A Culturally Sensitive Approach to the Relationships between Identity Formation and Religious Beliefs in Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 48:668-679. [PMID: 30187258 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Youth encounter issues of religion in the process of identity formation. However, most prior studies have focused on Christian youth in Western counties. This study examined the relationship between identity formation and religious beliefs in the Eastern national context where Buddhism and non-institutional folk religions are prevalent. Participants were 969 Japanese youth (51.3% female; Mage = 20.1). Both literal and symbolic religious beliefs were included and both a variable- and person-oriented approach were used based on the three-factor identity model. The results from the variable-oriented approach (i.e., identity processes) demonstrated that identity commitment was positively associated with literal religious beliefs, whereas reconsideration of commitment was positively associated with both literal and symbolic religious beliefs. Findings from the person-oriented approach (i.e., identity statuses) confirmed these results. Overall, this study highlights the importance of religious beliefs in the process of identity formation among youth in an Eastern national context.
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Skhirtladze N, Javakhishvili N, Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K. Identity styles in the Georgian context and associations with parenting dimensions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2017.1334549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Skhirtladze
- Uznadze Institute of Psychology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Javakhishvili
- Uznadze Institute of Psychology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Koen Luyckx
- Uznadze Institute of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bowing and kicking: Rediscovering the fundamental link between generalized authoritarianism and generalized prejudice. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bratt C, Sidanius J, Sheehy-Skeffington J. Shaping the Development of Prejudice. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 42:1617-1634. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167216666267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social dominance orientation (SDO) has been theorized as a stable, early-emerging trait influencing outgroup evaluations, a view supported by evidence from cross-sectional and two-wave longitudinal research. Yet, the limitations of identifying causal paths with cross-sectional and two-wave designs are increasingly being acknowledged. This article presents the first use of multi-wave data to test the over-time relationship between SDO and outgroup affect among young people. We use cross-lagged and latent growth modeling (LGM) of a three-wave data set employing Norwegian adolescents (over 2 years, N = 453) and a five-wave data set with American university students (over 4 years, N = 748). Overall, SDO exhibits high temporal rank-order stability and predicts changes in outgroup affect. This research represents the strongest test to date of SDO’s role as a stable trait that influences the development of prejudice, while highlighting LGM as a valuable tool for social and political psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bratt
- University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway
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Nicol AA, De France K. The Big Five's relation with the facets of Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Szabo A, Ward C, Fletcher GJO. Identity Processing Styles During Cultural Transition. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022116631825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from previous work on identity styles by Berzonsky, the current article introduces a new version of the Identity Style Inventory assessing social-cognitive information processing strategies during cultural transition (ISI-CT). The ISI-CT incorporates five distinct identity styles (analytical informational, exploratory informational, normative to the country of origin, normative to the host society, and diffuse-avoidant) and a measure of immigrant identity commitment. The article reports the construction of the ISI-CT and examines its factorial structure (Studies 1 and 2), convergent and discriminant validity (Study 1), and longitudinal relationships among subscales (Study 3). Relationships between demographic variables, including age, gender, length of stay, language proficiency, and cultural background, and the ISI-CT subscales are also investigated. Findings support reliability and validity of the ISI-CT as an assessment of the identity processes underlying identity development of people in cultural transition. The potential of this new measurement and construct to contribute to the understanding of the immigrant experience and the wider field of acculturation research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Szabo
- Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Berzonsky MD, Papini DR. Identity Processing Styles and Value Orientations: The Mediational Role of Self-Regulation and Identity Commitment. IDENTITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2013.858228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Šerek J, Petrovičová Z, Macek P. Adolescents' perspectives on traditional, non-traditional, and direct political activities: The role of identity-processing styles and political beliefs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1174/021347412804932848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ryeng MS, Kroger J, Martinussen M. Identity Status and Authoritarianism: A Meta-Analysis. IDENTITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2013.799434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Verstuyf J, Van Petegem S, Vansteenkiste M, Soenens B, Boone L. The body perfect ideal and eating regulation goals: investigating the role of adolescents' identity styles. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 43:284-97. [PMID: 23584860 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-9949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are exposed to images depicting the thin or muscular ideal almost on a daily basis. When the body perfect ideal is adopted, adolescents are at increased risk for developing unhealthy and disordered eating behaviors. The aim of the current 3-wave longitudinal study among adolescents (N = 418; 54% girls) was to investigate whether different styles of identity exploration (i.e., information-oriented, normative, and diffuse-avoidant) are associated differentially with changes in adoption of the body perfect ideal, which, in turn, would relate to changes in appearance-focused and health-focused eating regulation. Results indicated that the information-oriented style predicted decreases and the normative style predicted increases in adoption of the body perfect ideal. In turn, adoption of the body perfect ideal predicted significant increases in appearance-focused eating regulation but not in health-focused eating regulation. A diffuse-avoidant style was unrelated to changes in adoption of the body perfect, yet directly predicted decreases in health-focused eating regulation. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Verstuyf
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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Sidanius J, Kteily N, Sheehy-Skeffington J, Ho AK, Sibley C, Duriez B. You're inferior and not worth our concern: the interface between empathy and social dominance orientation. J Pers 2013; 81:313-23. [PMID: 23072294 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project was directed at examination of the potential reciprocal relationship between empathy and social dominance orientation (SDO), with the purpose of testing the predictions from Duckitt's highly influential dual process model of prejudice, and further examining the validity of the mere effect view of social dominance orientation. METHOD To examine this relationship, the authors employed cross-lagged structural equation modeling with manifest variables across two studies using large samples from different parts of the world. Study 1 consisted of data from two waves of 389 (83% female) Belgian university students, with each wave separated by 6 months. Study 2 consisted of two waves of data from a national probability sample of 4,466 New Zealand adults (63% female), with each wave separated by a 1-year interval. RESULTS Results supported our expectation of a reciprocal longitudinal relationship between empathy and SDO. Moreover, the results also revealed that SDO's effect on empathy over time tended to be stronger than empathy's effect on SDO over time, countering the predictions derived from the dual process model. CONCLUSIONS These results represent the first time the possible reciprocal effects of empathy and SDO on one another have been examined using panel data rather than less appropriate cross-sectional analysis. They suggest the need to reexamine some key assumptions of the dual process model and further question the mere effect view of SDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Sidanius
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Duriez B, Klimstra TA, Luyckx K, Beyers W, Soenens B. Right–Wing Authoritarianism: Protective Factor against Or Risk Factor for Depression? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/per.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Because the authoritarian personality was introduced to explain the rise of fascism during World War II, research focused on its ability to predict prejudice, leaving its associations with well–being largely unexplored. Studies that did examine these associations yielded inconsistent results, and some authors even argued that authoritarianism buffers against the negative effects of psychological vulnerability factors (i.e. D–type personality) and negative life events on well–being, especially among people in an authoritarian environment. Using a cross–sectional community sample (N = 1010), Study 1 failed to support the idea that authoritarianism relates to depressive symptoms and buffers against the negative effects of D–type personality on depressive symptoms. Using a longitudinal college student sample (N = 499), Study 2 showed that authoritarianism did not moderate the effects of life events either and even predicted over–time increases in depressive symptoms. Using a longitudinal high school sample (N = 590), Study 3 showed that this effect emerged regardless of degree of fit with the social environment (i.e. with family and friends). Taken together, results suggest that authoritarianism constitutes a risk factor for rather than a protective factor against depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Duriez
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theo A. Klimstra
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Beyers
- Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Duriez B, Luyckx K, Soenens B, Berzonsky M. A process-content approach to adolescent identity formation: examining longitudinal associations between identity styles and goal pursuits. J Pers 2012; 80:135-61. [PMID: 21299563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on identity focuses on the processes involved (e.g., identity style) or its content (e.g., goals and values), but limited research has addressed both issues simultaneously. The present study investigates cross-lagged relations between identity styles (i.e., informational, normative, and diffuse-avoidant) and goals (i.e., intrinsic vs. extrinsic and openness to change vs. conservation) in a 3-wave adolescent sample (N = 806). Results support a reciprocal model, with process and content influencing each other. As for process effects, the informational and diffuse-avoidant style predicted decreases in conservation goals, and the normative style predicted increases in conservation and extrinsic goals. As for content effects, conservation goals increased the normative style, and extrinsic goals decreased the informational and increased the diffuse-avoidant style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Duriez
- Department of Psychology, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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A meta-analytic review of Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory (ISI). J Adolesc 2012; 35:333-43. [PMID: 22100144 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Perry R, Sibley CG. Big-Five personality prospectively predicts Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Miller AK, Wagner MM, Hunt AN. Parsimony in personality: predicting sexual prejudice. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2012; 59:201-214. [PMID: 22335418 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2012.638550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extant research has established numerous demographic, personal-history, attitudinal, and ideological correlates of sexual prejudice, also known as homophobia. The present study investigated whether Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality domains, particularly Openness, and FFM facets, particularly Openness to Values, contribute independent and incremental variance to the prediction of sexual prejudice beyond these established correlates. Participants were 117 college students who completed a comprehensive FFM measure, measures of sexual prejudice, and a demographics, personal-history, and attitudes-and-ideologies questionnaire. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that, whereas Openness domain score predicted only marginal incremental variance in sexual prejudice, Openness facet scores (particularly Openness to Values) predicted independent and substantial incremental variance beyond numerous other zero-order correlates of sexual prejudice. The importance of integrating FFM personality variables, especially facet-level variables, into conceptualizations of sexual prejudice is highlighted. Study strengths and weaknesses are discussed as are potential implications for prejudice-reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey K Miller
- Department of Psychology and Philsophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA.
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Peterson BE, Kim R, McCarthy JM, Park CJ, Plamondon LT. Authoritarianism and arranged marriage in Bangladesh and Korea. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Soenens B, Berzonsky MD, Dunkel CS, Papini DR. The Role of Perceived Parental Dimensions and Identification in Late Adolescents' Identity Processing Styles. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2011.594781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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The how and what of identity formation: Associations between identity styles and value orientations. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Akrami N, Ekehammar B, Yang-Wallentin F. Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by social-psychological (group membership and group identification) variables – or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Akrami
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Bo Ekehammar
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Abstract
The political correlates of the authoritarian personality have been well established by researchers, but important linkages to other major constructs in psychology need fuller elaboration. We present new data and review old data from our laboratories that show the myriad ways in which authoritarianism is implicated in the important domain of gender roles. We show that women and men high in authoritarianism live in rigidly gendered worlds where male and female roles are narrowly defined, attractiveness is based on traditional conceptions of masculinity and femininity, and conventional sexual mores are prescribed. As a construct, authoritarianism is not just relevant for understanding people's politics, but it also affects the most personal of domains--romantic partnerships, lifestyle goals, and basic attitudes about male and female relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill E Peterson
- Smith College, Department of Psychology, Northampton, MA 01063,
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35
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Sibley CG, Duckitt J. The Personality Bases of Ideology: A One-Year Longitudinal Study. The Journal of Social Psychology 2010; 150:540-59. [DOI: 10.1080/00224540903365364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Associations of Parental and Peer Characteristics with Adolescents’ Social Dominance Orientation. J Youth Adolesc 2010; 40:694-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-010-9585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gormley B, Lopez FG. Authoritarian and homophobic attitudes: gender and adult attachment style differences. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2010; 57:525-538. [PMID: 20391009 DOI: 10.1080/00918361003608715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the relations of gender and adult attachment styles to college students' scores on several measures of authoritarian attitudes (e.g., right-wing authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, homophobia, and religious fundamentalism). A multivariate analysis of authoritarian attitudes yielded significant main and interaction effects involving students' gender and their (categorical) attachment style scores. Relative to women, men reported higher levels of homophobia, ethnocentrism, and right-wing authoritarianism. Gender differences in homophobia were additionally conditioned by participants' adult attachment styles: Men with dismissing styles evidenced the highest levels of homophobia, whereas women with dismissing styles demonstrated the lowest levels; that is, a fear of intimacy seemed to contribute to homophobic attitudes found among heterosexual men. This was the first U.S. study of the relationship between adult attachment styles and right-wing authoritarianism, and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gormley
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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39
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Podsiadlowski A, Ward C. Global Mobility and Bias in the Workplace. INTERNATIONAL AND CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6208-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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40
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Peterson BE, Plamondon LT. Third culture kids and the consequences of international sojourns on authoritarianism, acculturative balance, and positive affect. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Sibley CG, Duckitt J. Big-Five Personality, Social Worldviews, and Ideological Attitudes: Further Tests of a Dual Process Cognitive-Motivational Model. The Journal of Social Psychology 2009; 149:545-61. [DOI: 10.1080/00224540903232308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Crowson HM. Nationalism, Internationalism, and Perceived UN Irrelevance: Mediators of Relationships Between Authoritarianism and Support for Military Aggression as Part of the War on Terror. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Berzonsky MD, Ferrari JR. A Diffuse-Avoidant Identity Processing Style: Strategic Avoidance or Self-Confusion? IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15283480802683607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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von Collani G, Grumm M. On the Dimensional Structure of Personality, Ideological Beliefs, Social Attitudes, and Personal Values. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.30.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the common dimensional-structure of measures of Big Five personality, social attitudes, personal values, conservatism, and ideological beliefs (right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation) was investigated in two convenience samples of adults (Study 1, paper-and-pencil, N = 302; Study 2, Internet, N = 154). A principal components analysis resulted in a three-factor solution in both samples. In particular, a strong ideology factor emerged that can be interpreted as representing an ideological belief system. It is characterized by a right-wing, conservative orientation, social prejudice, ideological beliefs, the value orientations of self-enhancement, low self-transcendence, and the personality trait of low Openness to Experience. The other two factors comprised socially desirable personality traits and values, and a blend of personality and personal-value orientations characterized by energy, activity, openness, and curiosity, respectively. The results are interpreted in relation to recent structural and process models of personality, ideological beliefs, and social attitudes.
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Sibley CG, Duckitt J. Personality and prejudice: a meta-analysis and theoretical review. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2008; 12:248-79. [PMID: 18641385 DOI: 10.1177/1088868308319226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite a substantial literature examining personality, prejudice, and related constructs such as Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), there have been no systematic reviews in this area. The authors reviewed and meta-analyzed 71 studies (N = 22,068 participants) investigating relationships between Big Five dimensions of personality, RWA, SDO, and prejudice. RWA was predicted by low Openness to Experience but also Conscientiousness, whereas SDO was predicted by low Agreeableness and also weakly by low Openness to Experience. Consistent with a dual-process motivational model of ideology and prejudice, the effects of Agreeableness on prejudice were fully mediated by SDO, and those of Openness to Experience were largely mediated by RWA. Finally, the effects of Agreeableness and Openness to Experience were robust and consistent across samples, although subtle moderating factors were identified, including differences in personality inventory (NEO Personality Inventory-Revised vs. Big Five Inventory), differences across prejudice domain, and cross-cultural differences in Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. Implications for the study of personality and prejudice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Sibley
- University of Auckland, Department of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Chen SH, Lee KP. The Role of Personality Traits and Perceived Values in Persuasion: an Elaboration Likelihood Model Perspective on Online Shopping. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2008.36.10.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study of online shopping the influences of consumers' beliefs and perceived values on attitude, trust, and approach behavior were examined. The moderating effects of personality traits were taken into account. Twenty cosmetics and 20 hotel websites were selected for participants
to randomly link to and read, and the students were then asked to fill in a 48item questionnaire via the internet. It was found that when consumers have higher levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, central route website contents would be more favorable for eliciting utilitarian shopping
value; whereas when consumers have higher levels of emotional stability, openness, and extraversion, peripheral route website contents would be more critical in facilitating experiential and hedonic shopping value.
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Duriez B, Soenens B, Vansteenkiste M. The intergenerational transmission of authoritarianism: The mediating role of parental goal promotion. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Extending our previous research on personality and prejudice, we tested the predictive power of Big Five facet compared with factor scores in three studies. Study 1 (N=170) examined the predictive power of factors and facets when explaining generalized prejudice, a composite of four prejudice types. Study 2 (N=158) focused on sexism and Study 3 (N=80) examined the impact of personality and experimentally manipulated social norm against expressing sexism. Multiple regression analyses showed the strongest facets (Tender-Mindedness and Values) to outperform the strongest factors (Agreeableness and Openness to Experience) in predicting prejudice in all three studies. We discuss the outcome against the background of previous empirical findings and the two major approaches - the personality and the social psychological - to explaining individual differences in prejudice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ekehammar
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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49
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Duriez B, Vansteenkiste M, Soenens B, De Witte H. The Social Costs of Extrinsic Relative to Intrinsic Goal Pursuits: Their Relation With Social Dominance and Racial and Ethnic Prejudice. J Pers 2007; 75:757-82. [PMID: 17576358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-determination theory's distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic goal pursuits offers a possible explanation for ethnic and racial prejudice. Because extrinsic relative to intrinsic goal pursuits (E/I) stimulate interpersonal competition, they were expected to predict social dominance orientation (SDO), which, in turn, would predict racial and ethnic prejudice. Results of a first cross-sectional study showed that E/I goal pursuits are positively associated with prejudice and that SDO partially mediates this association. In a second longitudinal study, we replicated these results. In addition, however, we found evidence for a reciprocal relationship between E/I goal pursuit and SDO. Moreover, both E/I goal pursuit and SDO had an independent effect on increases in prejudice. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Duriez
- Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Akrami N, Ekehammar B. Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.27.3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extending previous research on the relation of Big-Five personality with right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, we examined the relationships of Big-Five facet scores rather than factor scores. The results (N = 332) of stepwise regression analyses showed that Openness to Experience was the only significant predictor of right-wing authoritarianism at the factor level, whereas Values and Ideas were significant predictors at the facet level. A similar analysis of social dominance orientation showed that Agreeableness and Openness to Experience contributed significantly to the prediction at the factor level, whereas Tender-Mindedness and Values were the best significant predictors at the facet level. The prediction based on facet scores was more accurate than the prediction based on factor scores. A random split of the sample confirmed the robustness of the findings. The results are discussed against the background of the personality and the social psychology approaches to explaining individual differences in prejudice.
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