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Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Mustieles V, Salamanca-Fernández E, Olivas-Martínez A, Suárez B, Bajard L, Baken K, Blaha L, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Couderq S, D'Cruz SC, Fini JB, Govarts E, Gundacker C, Hernández AF, Lacasaña M, Laguzzi F, Linderman B, Long M, Louro H, Neophytou C, Oberemn A, Remy S, Rosenmai AK, Saber AT, Schoeters G, Silva MJ, Smagulova F, Uhl M, Vinggaard AM, Vogel U, Wielsøe M, Olea N, Fernández MF. Implementation of effect biomarkers in human biomonitoring studies: A systematic approach synergizing toxicological and epidemiological knowledge. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114140. [PMID: 36841007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have highlighted widespread daily exposure to environmental chemicals. Some of these are suspected to contribute to adverse health outcomes such as reproductive, neurological, and metabolic disorders, among other developmental and chronic impairments. One of the objectives of the H2020 European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) was the development of informative effect biomarkers for application in a more systematic and harmonized way in large-scale European HBM studies. The inclusion of effect biomarkers would complement exposure data with mechanistically-based information on early and late adverse effects. For this purpose, a stepwise strategy was developed to identify and implement a panel of validated effect biomarkers in European HBM studies. This work offers an overview of the complete procedure followed, from comprehensive literature search strategies, selection of criteria for effect biomarkers and their classification and prioritization, based on toxicological data and adverse outcomes, to pilot studies for their analytical, physiological, and epidemiological validation. We present the example of one study that demonstrated the mediating role of the effect biomarker status of brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF in the longitudinal association between infant bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and behavioral function in adolescence. A panel of effect biomarkers has been implemented in the HBM4EU Aligned Studies as main outcomes, including traditional oxidative stress, reproductive, and thyroid hormone biomarkers. Novel biomarkers of effect, such as DNA methylation status of BDNF and kisspeptin (KISS) genes were also evaluated as molecular markers of neurological and reproductive health, respectively. A panel of effect biomarkers has also been applied in HBM4EU occupational studies, such as micronucleus analysis in lymphocytes and reticulocytes, whole blood comet assay, and malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and untargeted metabolomic profile in urine, to investigate, for example, biological changes in response to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) exposure. The use of effect biomarkers in HBM4EU has demonstrated their ability to detect early biological effects of chemical exposure and to identify subgroups that are at higher risk. The roadmap developed in HBM4EU confirms the utility of effect biomarkers, and support one of the main objectives of HBM research, which is to link exposure biomarkers to mechanistically validated effect and susceptibility biomarkers in order to better understand the public health implications of human exposure to environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Elena Salamanca-Fernández
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alicia Olivas-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Lola Bajard
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsten Baken
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Stephan Couderq
- Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Département "Adaptation du Vivant", UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Département "Adaptation du Vivant", UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitte Linderman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Human Genetics Department, Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School/FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Axel Oberemn
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Joao Silva
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Human Genetics Department, Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School/FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
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Subba P, Prasad TSK. Plant Phosphoproteomics: Known Knowns, Known Unknowns, and Unknown Unknowns of an Emerging Systems Science Frontier. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:750-769. [PMID: 34882020 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant systems science research depends on the dynamic functional maps of the biological substrates of plant phenotypes and host/environment interactions in diverse ecologies. In this context, high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms offer comprehensive insights into the molecular pathways regulated by protein phosphorylation. Reversible protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous reaction in signal transduction mechanisms in biological systems. In contrast to human and animal biology research, a plethora of experimental options for functional mapping and regulation of plant biology are, however, not currently available. Plant phosphoproteomics is an emerging field of research that aims at addressing this gap in systems science and plant omics, and thus has a large scope to empower fundamental discoveries. To date, large-scale data-intensive identification of phosphorylation events in plants remained technically challenging. In this expert review, we present a critical analysis and overview of phosphoproteomic studies performed in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We discuss the technical strategies used for the enrichment of phosphopeptides and methods used for their quantitative assessment. Various types of mass spectrometry data acquisition and fragmentation methods are also discussed. The insights gathered here can allow plant biology and systems science researchers to design high-throughput function-oriented experimental workflows that elucidate the regulatory signaling mechanisms impacting plant physiology and plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratigya Subba
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Chuong NN, Hoang XLT, Nghia DHT, Nguyen NC, Thao DTT, Tran TB, Ngoc TTM, Thu NBA, Nguyen QT, Thao NP. Ectopic expression of GmHP08 enhances resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis toward drought stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:819-834. [PMID: 33725150 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of Glycine max two-component system member GmHP08 in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic plants, possibly via ABA-dependent pathways. Phosphorelay by two-component system (TCS) is a signal transduction mechanism which has been evolutionarily conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Previous studies have provided lines of evidence on the involvement of TCS genes in plant perception and responses to environmental stimuli. In this research, drought-associated functions of GmHP08, a TCS member from soybean (Glycine max L.), were investigated via its ectopic expression in Arabidopsis system. Results from the drought survival assay showed that GmHP08-transgenic plants exhibited higher survival rates compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts, indicating better drought resistance of the former group. Analyses revealed that the transgenic plants outperformed the WT in various regards, i.e. capability of water retention, prevention of hydrogen peroxide accumulation and enhancement of antioxidant enzymatic activities under water-deficit conditions. Additionally, the expression of stress-marker genes, especially antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes, in the transgenic plants were found greater than that of the WT plants. In contrary, the expression of SAG13 gene, one of the senescence-associated genes, and of several abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes was repressed. Data from this study also revealed that the ectopic expression lines at germination and early seedling development stages were hypersensitive to exogenous ABA treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GmHP08 could play an important role in mediating plant response to drought, possibly via an ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nguyen Chuong
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Lan Thi Hoang
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Hoang Trong Nghia
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cao Nguyen
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dau Thi Thanh Thao
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tram Bao Tran
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi My Ngoc
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Binh Anh Thu
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Thien Nguyen
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Thao
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam.
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Ramírez-Tejero JA, Jiménez-Ruiz J, Serrano A, Belaj A, León L, de la Rosa R, Mercado-Blanco J, Luque F. Verticillium wilt resistant and susceptible olive cultivars express a very different basal set of genes in roots. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:229. [PMID: 33794765 PMCID: PMC8017696 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive orchards are threatened by a wide range of pathogens. Of these, Verticillium dahliae has been in the spotlight for its high incidence, the difficulty to control it and the few cultivars that has increased tolerance to the pathogen. Disease resistance not only depends on detection of pathogen invasion and induction of responses by the plant, but also on barriers to avoid the invasion and active resistance mechanisms constitutively expressed in the absence of the pathogen. In a previous work we found that two healthy non-infected plants from cultivars that differ in V. dahliae resistance such as 'Frantoio' (resistant) and 'Picual' (susceptible) had a different root morphology and gene expression pattern. In this work, we have addressed the issue of basal differences in the roots between Resistant and Susceptible cultivars. RESULTS The gene expression pattern of roots from 29 olive cultivars with different degree of resistance/susceptibility to V. dahliae was analyzed by RNA-Seq. However, only the Highly Resistant and Extremely Susceptible cultivars showed significant differences in gene expression among various groups of cultivars. A set of 421 genes showing an inverse differential expression level between the Highly Resistant to Extremely Susceptible cultivars was found and analyzed. The main differences involved higher expression of a series of transcription factors and genes involved in processes of molecules importation to nucleus, plant defense genes and lower expression of root growth and development genes in Highly Resistant cultivars, while a reverse pattern in Moderately Susceptible and more pronounced in Extremely Susceptible cultivars were observed. CONCLUSION According to the different gene expression patterns, it seems that the roots of the Extremely Susceptible cultivars focus more on growth and development, while some other functions, such as defense against pathogens, have a higher expression level in roots of Highly Resistant cultivars. Therefore, it seems that there are constitutive differences in the roots between Resistant and Susceptible cultivars, and that susceptible roots seem to provide a more suitable environment for the pathogen than the resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Ramírez-Tejero
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Ruiz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Alicia Serrano
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lorenzo León
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl de la Rosa
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Luque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Xi L, Zhang Z, Herold S, Kassem S, Wu XN, Schulze WX. Phosphorylation Site Motifs in Plant Protein Kinases and Their Substrates. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2358:1-16. [PMID: 34270043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1625-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important cellular regulatory mechanism affecting the activity, localization, conformation, and interaction of proteins. Protein phosphorylation is catalyzed by kinases, and thus kinases are the enzymes regulating cellular signaling cascades. In the model plant Arabidopsis, 940 genes encode for kinases. The substrate proteins of kinases are phosphorylated at defined sites, which consist of common patterns around the phosphorylation site, known as phosphorylation motifs. The discovery of kinase specificity with a preference of phosphorylation of certain motifs and application of such motifs in deducing signaling cascades helped to reveal underlying regulation mechanisms, and facilitated the prediction of kinase-target pairs. In this mini-review, we took advantage of retrieved data as examples to present the functions of kinase families along with their commonly found phosphorylation motifs from their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandra Herold
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Kassem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xu Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone and the first of this hormone class to be discovered. It is the simplest olefin gas and is biosynthesized by plants to regulate plant development, growth, and stress responses via a well-studied signaling pathway. One of the earliest reported responses to ethylene is the triple response. This response is common in eudicot seedlings grown in the dark and is characterized by reduced growth of the root and hypocotyl, an exaggerated apical hook, and a thickening of the hypocotyl. This proved a useful assay for genetic screens and enabled the identification of many components of the ethylene-signaling pathway. These components include a family of ethylene receptors in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); a protein kinase, called constitutive triple response 1 (CTR1); an ER-localized transmembrane protein of unknown biochemical activity, called ethylene-insensitive 2 (EIN2); and transcription factors such as EIN3, EIN3-like (EIL), and ethylene response factors (ERFs). These studies led to a linear model, according to which in the absence of ethylene, its cognate receptors signal to CTR1, which inhibits EIN2 and prevents downstream signaling. Ethylene acts as an inverse agonist by inhibiting its receptors, resulting in lower CTR1 activity, which releases EIN2 inhibition. EIN2 alters transcription and translation, leading to most ethylene responses. Although this canonical pathway is the predominant signaling cascade, alternative pathways also affect ethylene responses. This review summarizes our current understanding of ethylene signaling, including these alternative pathways, and discusses how ethylene signaling has been manipulated for agricultural and horticultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Zdarska M, Cuyacot AR, Tarr PT, Yamoune A, Szmitkowska A, Hrdinová V, Gelová Z, Meyerowitz EM, Hejátko J. ETR1 Integrates Response to Ethylene and Cytokinins into a Single Multistep Phosphorelay Pathway to Control Root Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1338-1352. [PMID: 31176773 PMCID: PMC8040967 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins and ethylene control plant development via sensors from the histidine kinase (HK) family. However, downstream signaling pathways for the key phytohormones are distinct. Here we report that not only cytokinin but also ethylene is able to control root apical meristem (RAM) size through activation of the multistep phosphorelay (MSP) pathway. We found that both cytokinin and ethylene-dependent RAM shortening requires ethylene binding to ETR1 and the HK activity of ETR1. The receiver domain of ETR1 interacts with MSP signaling intermediates acting downstream of cytokinin receptors, further substantiating the role of ETR1 in MSP signaling. We revealed that both cytokinin and ethylene induce the MSP in similar and distinct cell types with ETR1-mediated ethylene signaling controlling MSP output specifically in the root transition zone. We identified members of the MSP pathway specific and common to both hormones and showed that ETR1-regulated ARR3 controls RAM size. ETR1-mediated MSP spatially differs from canonical CTR1/EIN2/EIN3 ethylene signaling and is independent of EIN2, indicating that both pathways can be spatially and functionally separated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that canonical ethylene signaling controls MSP responsiveness to cytokinin specifically in the root transition zone, presumably via regulation of ARR10, one of the positive regulators of MSP signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Szmitkowska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Piya S, Binder BM, Hewezi T. Canonical and noncanonical ethylene signaling pathways that regulate Arabidopsis susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:946-959. [PMID: 30136723 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes successfully exploit various phytohormone signaling pathways to establish a new hormonal equilibrium that facilitates nematode parasitism. Although it is largely accepted that ethylene regulates plant responses to nematode infection, a mechanistic understanding of how ethylene shapes plant-nematode interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the involvement of various components regulating ethylene perception and signaling in establishing Arabidopsis susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii using a large set of well-characterized single and higher order mutants. Our analyses revealed the existence of two pathways that separately engage ethylene with salicylic acid (SA) and cytokinin signaling during plant response to nematode infection. One pathway involves the canonical ethylene signaling pathway in which activation of ethylene signaling results in suppression of SA-based immunity. The second pathway involves the ethylene receptor ETR1, which signals independently of SA acid to affect immunity, instead altering cytokinin-mediated regulation of downstream components. Our results reveal important mechanisms through which cyst nematodes exploit components of ethylene perception and signaling to affect the balance of hormonal signaling through ethylene interaction with SA and cytokinin networks. This hormonal interaction overcomes plant defense and provokes a susceptible response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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