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Waddell J, McKenna MC, Kristian T. Brain ethanol metabolism and mitochondria. CURRENT TOPICS IN BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022; 23:1-13. [PMID: 36873619 PMCID: PMC9980429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and dependence in humans causes an extreme shift in metabolism for which the human brain is not evolutionarily prepared. Oxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde are not regulated, making ethanol a dominating metabolic substrate that prevents the activity of enzymes from oxidizing their usual endogenous substrates. The enzymes required to oxidize ethanol across the variety of affected tissues all produce acetaldehyde which is then converted to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). ALDHs are NAD+-dependent enzymes, and mitochondrial ALDH2 is likely the primary contributor to ethanol-derived acetaldehyde clearance in cells. Metabolism of alcohol has several adverse effects on mitochondria including increased free radical levels, hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins, and excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. This review discusses the role of astrocytic and neuronal mitochondria in ethanol metabolism that contributes to the acute and chronic changes in mitochondrial function and morphology, that might promote tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. We also propose potential modes of therapeutic intervention to reduce the toxicity of chronic alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary C McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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2
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Hou R, Liu X, Wu X, Zheng M, Fu J. Therapeutic effect of natural melanin from edible fungus Auricularia auricula on alcohol-induced liver damage in vitro and in vivo. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Lafarga V, Sirozh O, Díaz-López I, Galarreta A, Hisaoka M, Zarzuela E, Boskovic J, Jovanovic B, Fernandez-Leiro R, Muñoz J, Stoecklin G, Ventoso I, Fernandez-Capetillo O. Widespread displacement of DNA- and RNA-binding factors underlies toxicity of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides. EMBO J 2021; 40:e103311. [PMID: 33978236 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their capability to transport chemicals or proteins into target cells, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are being developed as therapy delivery tools. However, and despite their interesting properties, arginine-rich CPPs often show toxicity for reasons that remain poorly understood. Using a (PR)n dipeptide repeat that has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a model of an arginine-rich CPP, we here show that the presence of (PR)n leads to a generalized displacement of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins from chromatin and mRNA. Accordingly, any reaction involving nucleic acids, such as RNA transcription, translation, splicing and degradation, or DNA replication and repair, is impaired by the presence of the CPPs. Interestingly, the effects of (PR)n are fully mimicked by protamine, a small arginine-rich protein that displaces histones from chromatin during spermatogenesis. We propose that widespread coating of nucleic acids and consequent displacement of RNA- and DNA-binding factors from chromatin and mRNA accounts for the toxicity of arginine-rich CPPs, including those that have been recently associated with the onset of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Lafarga
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oleksandra Sirozh
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-López
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Galarreta
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Misaru Hisaoka
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Zarzuela
- ProteoRed-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jasminka Boskovic
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bogdan Jovanovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Leiro
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Muñoz
- ProteoRed-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iván Ventoso
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030384. [PMID: 33806556 PMCID: PMC8000766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.
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5
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AZT oxidative damage in the liver. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Kayode OT, Rotimi DE, Olaolu TD, Adeyemi OS. Ketogenic diet improves and restores redox status and biochemical indices in monosodium glutamate-induced rat testicular toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Anderson AP, Luo X, Russell W, Yin YW. Oxidative damage diminishes mitochondrial DNA polymerase replication fidelity. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:817-829. [PMID: 31799610 PMCID: PMC6954441 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) resides in a high ROS environment and suffers more mutations than its nuclear counterpart. Increasing evidence suggests that mtDNA mutations are not the results of direct oxidative damage, rather are caused, at least in part, by DNA replication errors. To understand how the mtDNA replicase, Pol γ, can give rise to elevated mutations, we studied the effect of oxidation of Pol γ on replication errors. Pol γ is a high fidelity polymerase with polymerase (pol) and proofreading exonuclease (exo) activities. We show that Pol γ exo domain is far more sensitive to oxidation than pol; under oxidative conditions, exonuclease activity therefore declines more rapidly than polymerase. The oxidized Pol γ becomes editing-deficient, displaying a 20-fold elevated mutations than the unoxidized enzyme. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that Pol γ exo domain is a hotspot for oxidation. The oxidized exo residues increase the net negative charge around the active site that should reduce the affinity to mismatched primer/template DNA. Our results suggest that the oxidative stress induced high mutation frequency on mtDNA can be indirectly caused by oxidation of the mitochondrial replicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Anderson
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - William Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Y Whitney Yin
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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8
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Fathy AH, Bashandy MA, Bashandy SA, Mansour AM. The beneficial effect of natural antioxidants from olive oil with fig and date palm fruit extracts on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats during diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. Facets (Ott) 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a well-known carcinogen. The aim of our study was to determine the role of olive oil (7 g/kg) with fig (1 g/kg) (OF) and (or) date palm (1 g/kg) (D) fruit extracts during DEN treatment of male Wistar rats. The OF–DEN and (or) D–DEN groups were given oral antioxidants daily for two weeks before and during DEN treatment (21 weeks).The DEN-treated group showed dramatic results for all investigated parameters as compared with the control rats. All OF–DEN and D–DEN groups showed significant improvement in hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide concentration in the liver tissue, in addition to improvement in serum vascular endothelial growth factor level, alpha-fetoprotein, lipid profile, lipid risk ratios, and the hematological parameters as compared with the DEN-treated group.In conclusion, the administration of OF and (or) D fruit extracts to DEN-treated rats resulted in a considerable improvement in the investigated biochemical and hematological parameters. In addition, the combined OFD treatments showed greater improvements revealing the synergistic effect of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah H. Fathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Experiments and Advanced Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Bashandy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Samir A. Bashandy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
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Song X, Shen Q, Liu M, Zhang C, Zhang L, Ren Z, Wang W, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Jia L. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of intracellular mycelium polysaccharides from Pleurotus geesteranus against alcoholic liver diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:979-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Lu D, Wang W, Liu J, Qi L, Zhuang R, Zhuo J, Zhang X, Xu X, Zheng S. Peroxiredoxins in inflammatory liver diseases and ischemic/reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:83-89. [PMID: 29360557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) belong to the superfamily of thiol-dependent peroxidases, and remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidative stress products. The expression and activity of Prxs can be substantially affected by stimuli from the microenvironment, and in turn regulate cytokine secretion in the context of inflammation in both peroxidase-dependent and -independent pathways. Prxs translocate to mitochondria and are hyperoxidized during acute liver damage, and attenuate intracellular ROS accumulation through their peroxidase activity. In particularly, Prx1 modulates the microenvironment in liver injuries by reducing adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells and inhibiting the inflammatory response and adhesion of macrophages. Prxs have potent prosurvival effects against ROS in ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but Prxs released from necrotic cells increase secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages through TLR2 and 4 activation, which promotes cell death. Prxs can be used as biomarkers to evaluate I/R injury and predict graft survival in liver transplantation. Prxs are modulated in various types of chronic hepatitis and hepatosteatosis, and mediate disease progression. Alcohol administration increases oxidization and inactivation of Prxs in mice because of oxidative stress. In conclusion, Prxs are essential mediators and biomarkers in inflammatory liver diseases and I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Runzhou Zhuang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Karadayian AG, Malanga G, Czerniczyniec A, Lombardi P, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Free radical production and antioxidant status in brain cortex non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes at alcohol hangover onset. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:692-703. [PMID: 28450149 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol hangover (AH) is the pathophysiological state after a binge-like drinking. We have previously demonstrated that AH induced bioenergetics impairments in a total fresh mitochondrial fraction in brain cortex and cerebellum. The aim of this work was to determine free radical production and antioxidant systems in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes in control and hangover animals. Superoxide production was not modified in non-synaptic mitochondria while a 17.5% increase was observed in synaptosomes. A similar response was observed for cardiolipin content as no changes were evidenced in non-synaptic mitochondria while a 55% decrease in cardiolipin content was found in synaptosomes. Hydrogen peroxide production was 3-fold increased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 4-fold increased in synaptosomes. In the presence of deprenyl, synaptosomal H2O2 production was 67% decreased in the AH condition. Hydrogen peroxide generation was not affected by deprenyl addition in non-synaptic mitochondria from AH mice. MAO activity was 57% increased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 3-fold increased in synaptosomes. Catalase activity was 40% and 50% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes, respectively. Superoxide dismutase was 60% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 80% increased in synaptosomal fractions. On the other hand, GSH (glutathione) content was 43% and 17% decreased in synaptosomes and cytosol. GSH-related enzymes were mostly affected in synaptosomes fractions by AH condition. Acetylcholinesterase activity in synaptosomes was 11% increased due to AH. The present work reveals that AH provokes an imbalance in the cellular redox homeostasis mainly affecting mitochondria present in synaptic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía G Karadayian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Czerniczyniec
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Lombardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hu CF, Sun LP, Yang QH, Lu DX, Luo S. Ginsenosides from stems and leaves of ginseng prevent ethanol-induced lipid accumulation in human L02 hepatocytes. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:438-444. [PMID: 27614967 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ginsenosides from stems and leaves of ginseng on ethanol-induced lipid deposition in human L02 hepatocytes. METHODS L02 cells were exposed to ethanol for 36 h and treated with or without ginsenosides. The viability of L02 cells was evaluated by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and the triglyceride (TG) content was detected. Lipid droplets were determined by oil red O staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the mitochondrial membrane potential were tested by flow cytometry. The ATP level was measured by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The expression of cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Ethanol exposure resulted in the increase of TG level, lipid accumulation and ROS generation, and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in the cells. However, ginsenosides significantly reduced TG content (9.69±0.22 μg/mg protein vs. 4.93±0.49 μg/mg protein, P<0.01), and ROS formation (7254.8±385.7 vs. 5825.2±375.9, P<0.01). Meanwhile, improvements in mitochondrial membrane potential (10655.33±331.34 vs. 11129.52±262.35, P<0.05) and ATP level (1.20±0.18 nmol/mg protein vs. 2.53±0.25 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01) were observed by treatment with ginsenosides. Furthermore, ginsenosides could down-regulate CYP2E1 expression (P<0.01) and upregulate PPARα expression (P<0.01) in ethanol-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenosides could prevent ethanol-induced hepatocyte steatosis in vitro related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the improvement of mitochondrial function. In addition, the modulation of CYP2E1 and PPARα expression may also play an important role in the protective effect of ginsenosides against lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518020, China
| | - Qin-He Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Da-Xiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Sen Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Groebner JL, Tuma PL. The Altered Hepatic Tubulin Code in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2140-59. [PMID: 26393662 PMCID: PMC4598792 DOI: 10.3390/biom5032140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that lead to the progression of alcoholic liver disease have been actively examined for decades. Because the hepatic microtubule cytoskeleton supports innumerable cellular processes, it has been the focus of many such mechanistic studies. It has long been appreciated that α-tubulin is a major target for modification by highly reactive ethanol metabolites and reactive oxygen species. It is also now apparent that alcohol exposure induces post-translational modifications that are part of the natural repertoire, mainly acetylation. In this review, the modifications of the "tubulin code" are described as well as those adducts by ethanol metabolites. The potential cellular consequences of microtubule modification are described with a focus on alcohol-induced defects in protein trafficking and enhanced steatosis. Possible mechanisms that can explain hepatic dysfunction are described and how this relates to the onset of liver injury is discussed. Finally, we propose that agents that alter the cellular acetylation state may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Groebner
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Pamela L Tuma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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Song BJ, Akbar M, Abdelmegeed MA, Byun K, Lee B, Yoon SK, Hardwick JP. Mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury by alcohol, high fat, nonalcoholic substances and pathological conditions through post-translational protein modifications. Redox Biol 2015; 3:109-23. [PMID: 25465468 PMCID: PMC4297931 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critically important in providing cellular energy ATP as well as their involvement in anti-oxidant defense, fat oxidation, intermediary metabolism and cell death processes. It is well-established that mitochondrial functions are suppressed when living cells or organisms are exposed to potentially toxic agents including alcohol, high fat diets, smoking and certain drugs or in many pathophysiological states through increased levels of oxidative/nitrative stress. Under elevated nitroxidative stress, cellular macromolecules proteins, DNA, and lipids can undergo different oxidative modifications, leading to disruption of their normal, sometimes critical, physiological functions. Recent reports also indicated that many mitochondrial proteins are modified via various post-translation modifications (PTMs) and primarily inactivated. Because of the recently-emerging information, in this review, we specifically focus on the mechanisms and roles of five major PTMs (namely oxidation, nitration, phosphorylation, acetylation, and adduct formation with lipid-peroxides, reactive metabolites, or advanced glycation end products) in experimental models of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as acute hepatic injury caused by toxic compounds. We also highlight the role of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) in some of these PTM changes. Finally, we discuss translational research opportunities with natural and/or synthetic anti-oxidants, which can prevent or delay the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction, fat accumulation and tissue injury. Hepatotoxic agents including alcohol and high fat elevate nitroxidative stress. Increased nitroxidative stress promotes post-translational protein modifications. Post-translational protein modifications of many proteins lead to their inactivation. Inactivation of mitochondrial proteins contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to necrotic or apoptotic tissue injury.
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Song BJ, Akbar M, Jo I, Hardwick JP, Abdelmegeed MA. Translational Implications of the Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes, Including Cytochrome P450-2E1, in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 74:303-72. [PMID: 26233911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinogenesis. Many clinically used drugs or some alternative medicine compounds are also known to cause drug-induced liver injury, which can further lead to fulminant liver failure and acute deaths in extreme cases. During liver disease process, certain cytochromes P450 such as the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) and CYP4A isozymes can be induced and/or activated by alcohol and/or high-fat diets and pathophysiological conditions such as fasting, obesity, and diabetes. Activation of these P450 isozymes, involved in the metabolism of ethanol, fatty acids, and various drugs, can produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species directly and/or indirectly, contributing to oxidative modifications of DNA/RNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, aldehyde dehydrogenases including the mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde and lipid aldehydes, can be inactivated by various hepatotoxic agents. These highly reactive acetaldehyde and lipid peroxides, accumulated due to ALDH2 suppression, can interact with cellular macromolecules DNA/RNA, lipids, and proteins, leading to suppression of their normal function, contributing to DNA mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, and cell death. In this chapter, we specifically review the roles of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes including the alcohol dehydrogenase, ALDH2, CYP2E1, and other enzymes in promoting liver disease. We also discuss translational research opportunities with natural and/or synthetic antioxidants, which can prevent or delay the onset of inflammation and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology in Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Yun JW, Son MJ, Abdelmegeed MA, Banerjee A, Morgan TR, Yoo SH, Song BJ. Binge alcohol promotes hypoxic liver injury through a CYP2E1-HIF-1α-dependent apoptosis pathway in mice and humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:183-94. [PMID: 25236742 PMCID: PMC4304203 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking, a common pattern of alcohol ingestion, is known to potentiate liver injury caused by chronic alcohol abuse. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of acute binge alcohol on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-mediated liver injury and the roles of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol-induced hypoxia and hepatotoxicity. Mice and human specimens assigned to binge or nonbinge groups were analyzed for blood alcohol concentration (BAC), alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, HIF-1α-related protein nitration, and apoptosis. Binge alcohol promoted acute liver injury in mice with elevated levels of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and hypoxia, both of which were colocalized in the centrilobular areas. We observed positive correlations among elevated BAC, CYP2E1, and HIF-1α in mice and humans exposed to binge alcohol. The CYP2E1 protein levels (r = 0.629, p = 0.001) and activity (r = 0.641, p = 0.001) showed a significantly positive correlation with BAC in human livers. HIF-1α levels were also positively correlated with BAC (r = 0.745, p < 0.001) or CYP2E1 activity (r = 0.792, p < 0.001) in humans. Binge alcohol promoted protein nitration and apoptosis with significant correlations observed between inducible nitric oxide synthase and BAC, CYP2E1, or HIF-1α in human specimens. Binge-alcohol-induced HIF-1α activation and subsequent protein nitration or apoptosis seen in wild type were significantly alleviated in the corresponding Cyp2e1-null mice, whereas pretreatment with an HIF-1α inhibitor, PX-478, prevented HIF-1α elevation with a trend of decreased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and apoptosis, supporting the roles of CYP2E1 and HIF-1α in binge-alcohol-mediated protein nitration and hepatotoxicity. Thus binge alcohol promotes acute liver injury in mice and humans at least partly through a CYP2E1-HIF-1α-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Yun
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Son
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Atrayee Banerjee
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Timothy R Morgan
- Gastroenterology Service, Veterans Administration Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA.
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Functional roles of protein nitration in acute and chronic liver diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:149627. [PMID: 24876909 PMCID: PMC4021747 DOI: 10.1155/2014/149627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide, when combined with superoxide, produces peroxynitrite, which is known to be an important mediator for a number of diseases including various liver diseases. Peroxynitrite can modify tyrosine residue(s) of many proteins resulting in protein nitration, which may alter structure and function of each target protein. Various proteomics and immunological methods including mass spectrometry combined with both high pressure liquid chromatography and 2D PAGE have been employed to identify and characterize nitrated proteins from pathological tissue samples to determine their roles. However, these methods contain a few technical problems such as low efficiencies with the detection of a limited number of nitrated proteins and labor intensiveness. Therefore, a systematic approach to efficiently identify nitrated proteins and characterize their functional roles is likely to shed new insights into understanding of the mechanisms of hepatic disease pathophysiology and subsequent development of new therapeutics. The aims of this review are to briefly describe the mechanisms of hepatic diseases. In addition, we specifically describe a systematic approach to efficiently identify nitrated proteins to study their causal roles or functional consequences in promoting acute and chronic liver diseases including alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. We finally discuss translational research applications by analyzing nitrated proteins in evaluating the efficacies of potentially beneficial agents to prevent or treat various diseases in the liver and other tissues.
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Wang XY, Luo JP, Chen R, Zha XQ, Wang H. The effects of daily supplementation of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide on ethanol-induced subacute liver injury in mice by proteomic analysis. Food Funct 2014; 5:2020-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Banerjee A, Abdelmegeed MA, Jang S, Song BJ. Zidovudine (AZT) and hepatic lipid accumulation: implication of inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediators. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76850. [PMID: 24146933 PMCID: PMC3795627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of Zidovudine (AZT) is constrained due to its side-effects including hepatic steatosis and toxicity. However, the mechanism(s) of hepatic lipid accumulation in AZT-treated individuals is unknown. We hypothesized that AZT-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in the AZT-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. AZT treatment of C57BL/6J female mice (400 mg/day/kg body weight, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days significantly increased hepatic triglyceride levels and inflammation. Markers of oxidative stress such as protein oxidation, nitration, glycation and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the AZT-treated mice compared to vehicle controls. Further, the levels of ER stress marker proteins like GRP78, p-PERK, and p-eIF2α were significantly elevated in AZT-treated mice. The level of nuclear SREBP-1c, a transcription factor involved in fat synthesis, was increased while significantly decreased protein levels of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase, phospho-AMP kinase and PPARα as well as inactivation of 3-keto-acyl-CoA thiolase in the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway were observed in AZT-exposed mice compared to those in control animals. Collectively, these data suggest that elevated oxidative and ER stress plays a key role, at least partially, in lipid accumulation, inflammation and hepatotoxicity in AZT-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Banerjee
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Increased nitroxidative stress promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:781050. [PMID: 23691267 PMCID: PMC3649774 DOI: 10.1155/2013/781050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased nitroxidative stress causes mitochondrial dysfunctions through oxidative modifications of mitochondrial DNA, lipids, and proteins. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction sensitizes the target cells/organs to other pathological risk factors and thus ultimately contributes to the development of more severe disease states in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The incidences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease continuously increase due to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome including hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Many mitochondrial proteins including the enzymes involved in fat oxidation and energy supply could be oxidatively modified (including S-nitrosylation/nitration) under increased nitroxidative stress and thus inactivated, leading to increased fat accumulation and ATP depletion. To demonstrate the underlying mechanism(s) of mitochondrial dysfunction, we employed a redox proteomics approach using biotin-N-maleimide (biotin-NM) as a sensitive biotin-switch probe to identify oxidized Cys residues of mitochondrial proteins in the experimental models of alcoholic and acute liver disease. The aims of this paper are to briefly describe the mechanisms, functional consequences, and detection methods of mitochondrial dysfunction. We also describe advantages and limitations of the Cys-targeted redox proteomics method with alternative approaches. Finally, we discuss various applications of this method in studying oxidatively modified mitochondrial proteins in extrahepatic tissues or different subcellular organelles and translational research.
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Dey A. Cytochrome P450 2E1: its clinical aspects and a brief perspective on the current research scenario. Subcell Biochem 2013; 67:1-104. [PMID: 23400917 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research on Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism has been very well documented in literature. Besides the involvement of CYP2E1 in alcohol metabolism as illustrated through the studies discussed in the chapter, recent studies have thrown light on several other aspects of CYP2E1 i.e. its extrahepatic expression, its involvement in several diseases and pathophysiological conditions; and CYP2E1 mediated carcinogenesis and modulation of drug efficacy. Studies involving these interesting facets of CYP2E1 have been discussed in the chapter focusing on the recent observations or ongoing studies illustrating the crucial role of CYP2E1 in disease development and drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Dey
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India,
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Li X, Li H, Lu N, Feng Y, Huang Y, Gao Z. Iron increases liver injury through oxidative/nitrative stress in diabetic rats: Involvement of nitrotyrosination of glucokinase. Biochimie 2012; 94:2620-7. [PMID: 22884880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive tissue iron levels are associated with the increase of oxidative/nitrative stress which contributes to tissue damage that may elevate the risk of diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of iron on diabetes-associated liver injury and whether iron-related tyrosine nitration participated in this process. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, iron overload (300 mg/kg iron dextran, i.p.), diabetic (35 mg/kg of streptozotocin i.p. after administration of a high-fat diet) and diabetic simultaneously treated with iron. Iron supplement markedly increased diabetes-mediated liver damage and hepatic dysfunction by increasing liver/body weight ratio, serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and histological examination, which were correlated with elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and tyrosine nitration, oxidative metabolism of nitric oxide, and reduced antioxidant capacity. Consequently, the extent of oxidized/nitrated glucokinase was markedly increased in the iron-treated diabetic rats that contribute to a decrease in its expression and activity. Further studies revealed a significant contribution of iron-induced specific glucokinase nitration sites to its inactivation. In conclusion, iron facilitates diabetes-mediated elevation of oxidative/nitrative stress, simultaneously impairs liver GK, and can be a link between enzymatic changes and hepatic dysfunction. These findings may provide new insight on the role of iron in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Pitts A, Dailey K, Newington JT, Chien A, Arseneault R, Cann T, Thompson LM, Cumming RC. Dithiol-based compounds maintain expression of antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 1 that counteracts toxicity of mutant huntingtin. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22717-29. [PMID: 22577145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.334565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated reactive oxygen species are strongly implicated in both aging and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington disease (HD). Because reactive oxygen species can promote the selective oxidation of protein cysteine sulfhydryl groups to disulfide bonds we examined the spectrum of disulfide-bonded proteins that were specifically altered in a HD context. Protein extracts from PC12 cells overexpressing the amino-terminal fragment of the Huntingtin (Htt) protein with either a nonpathogenic or pathogenic polyglutamine repeat (Htt-103Q) were resolved by redox two-dimensional PAGE followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Several antioxidant proteins were identified that exhibited changes in disulfide bonding unique to Htt-103Q expressing cells. In particular, the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) exhibited both decreased expression and hyperoxidation in response to mutant Htt expressed in either PC12 cells or immortalized striatal cells exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid. Ectopic expression of Prx1 in PC12 cells attenuated mutant Htt-induced toxicity. In contrast, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Prx1 potentiated mHtt toxicity. Furthermore, treatment with the dithiol-based compounds dimercaptopropanol and dimercaptosuccinic acid suppressed toxicity in both HD cell models, whereas monothiol compounds were relatively ineffective. Dimercaptopropanol treatment also prevented mutant Htt-induced loss of Prx1 expression in both cell models. Our studies reveal for the first time that pathogenic Htt can affect the expression and redox state of antioxidant proteins; an event countered by specific dithiol-based compounds. These findings should provide a catalyst to explore the use of dithiol-based drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitts
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Singh K, Ahluwalia P. Effect of monosodium glutamate on lipid peroxidation and certain antioxidant enzymes in cardiac tissue of alcoholic adult male mice. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2012; 3:12-8. [PMID: 22346139 PMCID: PMC3271674 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.91595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of glutamic acid is commonly used as flavor enhancer in Chinese, Japanese and ready to serve foods all over the World, is the inducer of oxidative stress. In the present era, MSG and alcohol is becoming a part of daily food. Concomitantly, there is a tremendous increase in the incidences of cardiovascular diseases. So, the present study was designed to elucidate the effect of MSG by evaluating the changes in oxidative stress markers in cardiac tissue of normal and alcoholic adult male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into six groups of six mice each and MSG at dose levels of 0, 4, and 8 mg/g body weight was given orally for seven consecutive days (that is from 31st day to 37(th) day of alcohol ingestion) to chronic alcoholic (30% ethanol/100 g body weight) adult male mice. After the dose period (38(th) day), animals were fasted overnight, sacrificed by decapitation and hearts were removed for the estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), xanthine oxidase (XOD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) and its metabolizing enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). RESULTS A significant (P < 0.001) increase was observed in LPO and XOD levels while a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GR was found in cardiac tissue of normal and alcoholic animals. CONCLUSION These observations suggested that oral ingestion of MSG at dose levels of 4 mg/g body weight and above with and without alcohol increased the oxidative stress and thereby, could act as an additional factor for the initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldip Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College – Amritsar, India
| | - Pushpa Ahluwalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Bax M, Chambon C, Marty-Gasset N, Remignon H, Fernandez X, Molette C. Proteomic profile evolution during steatosis development in ducks. Poult Sci 2012; 91:112-20. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Singh K, Kaur J, Ahluwalia P, Sharma J. Effect of monosodium glutamate on various lipid fractions and certain antioxidant enzymes in arterial tissue of chronic alcoholic adult male mice. Toxicol Int 2012; 19:9-14. [PMID: 22736896 PMCID: PMC3339252 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.94507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral ingestion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to chronic alcoholic adult male mice at dose levels of 4 and 8 mg/g body weight for seven consecutive days caused a significant increase in lipid fractions, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, whereas the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and its metabolizing enzymes like glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased in the arterial tissue. These observations suggested that ingestion of MSG to chronic alcoholic animals had no beneficial effect and thereby, could act as an additional factor for the initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldip Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar -143001, India
| | - Jaspinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar -143001, India
| | - P. Ahluwalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160014, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160014, India
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Song BJ, Abdelmegeed MA, Yoo SH, Kim BJ, Jo SA, Jo I, Moon KH. Post-translational modifications of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and biomedical implications. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2691-702. [PMID: 21609791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) represent large family members of NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases responsible for the irreversible metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding acids. Among 19 ALDH isozymes, mitochondrial ALDH2 is a low Km enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde and lipid peroxides such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, both of which are highly reactive and toxic. Consequently, inhibition of ALDH2 would lead to elevated levels of acetaldehyde and other reactive lipid peroxides following ethanol intake and/or exposure to toxic chemicals. In addition, many East Asian people with a dominant negative mutation in ALDH2 gene possess a decreased ALDH2 activity with increased risks for various types of cancer, myocardial infarct, alcoholic liver disease, and other pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to briefly describe the multiple post-translational modifications of mitochondrial ALDH2, as an example, after exposure to toxic chemicals or under different disease states and their pathophysiological roles in promoting alcohol/drug-mediated tissue damage. We also briefly mention exciting preclinical translational research opportunities to identify small molecule activators of ALDH2 and its isozymes as potentially therapeutic/preventive agents against various disease states where the expression or activity of ALDH enzymes is altered or inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA.
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Abdelmegeed MA, Yoo SH, Henderson LE, Gonzalez FJ, Woodcroft KJ, Song BJ. PPARalpha expression protects male mice from high fat-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. J Nutr 2011; 141:603-10. [PMID: 21346097 PMCID: PMC3056578 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.135210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the lack of PPARα enhances hepatic steatosis and inflammation in Ppara-null mice when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether Ppara-null mice are more susceptible to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than their wild-type (WT) counterparts following short-term feeding with a HFD. Age-matched male WT and Ppara-null mice were randomly assigned to consume ad libitum a standard Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet (STD) (35% energy from fat) or a HFD (71% energy from fat) for 3 wk. Liver histology, plasma transaminase levels, and indicators of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in all groups. Levels of lobular inflammation and the NASH activity score were greater in HFD-exposed Ppara-null mice than in the other 3 groups. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated levels of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 and TNFα accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde as well as oxidized and nitrated proteins in Ppara-null mice. Elevated oxidative stress and inflammation were associated with activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase, resulting in increased hepatocyte apoptosis in Ppara-null mice fed a HFD. These results, with increased steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation observed in Ppara-null mice fed a HFD, demonstrate that inhibition of PPARα functions may increase susceptibility to high fat-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
| | - Lauren E. Henderson
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Bae SH, Sung SH, Cho EJ, Lee SK, Lee HE, Woo HA, Yu DY, Kil IS, Rhee SG. Concerted action of sulfiredoxin and peroxiredoxin I protects against alcohol-induced oxidative injury in mouse liver. Hepatology 2011; 53:945-53. [PMID: 21319188 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are peroxidases that catalyze the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The active site cysteine residue of members of the 2-Cys Prx subgroup (Prx I to IV) of Prxs is hyperoxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid (Cys-SO(2) ) during catalysis with concomitant loss of peroxidase activity. Reactivation of the hyperoxidized Prx is catalyzed by sulfiredoxin (Srx). Ethanol consumption induces the accumulation of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a major contributor to ethanol-induced ROS production in the liver. We now show that chronic ethanol feeding markedly increased the expression of Srx in the liver of mice in a largely Nrf2-dependent manner. Among Prx I to IV, only Prx I was found to be hyperoxidized in the liver of ethanol-fed wildtype mice, and the level of Prx I-SO(2) increased to ≈30% to 50% of total Prx I in the liver of ethanol-fed Srx(-/-) mice. This result suggests that Prx I is the most active 2-Cys Prx in elimination of ROS from the liver of ethanol-fed mice and that, despite the up-regulation of Srx expression by ethanol, the capacity of Srx is not sufficient to counteract the hyperoxidation of Prx I that occurs during ROS reduction. A protease protection assay revealed that a large fraction of Prx I is located together with CYP2E1 at the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The selective role of Prx I in ROS removal is thus likely attributable to the proximity of Prx I and CYP2E1. CONCLUSION The pivotal functions of Srx and Prx I in protection of the liver in ethanol-fed mice was evident from the severe oxidative damage observed in mice lacking either Srx or Prx I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Han Bae
- Department of Life Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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Song BJ, Moon KH, Upreti VV, Eddington ND, Lee IJ. Mechanisms of MDMA (ecstasy)-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and organ damage. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2010; 11:434-43. [PMID: 20420575 DOI: 10.2174/138920110791591436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports about the acute and sub-chronic toxicities caused by MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy), the underlying mechanism of organ damage is poorly understood. The aim of this review is to present an update of the mechanistic studies on MDMA-mediated organ damage partly caused by increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Because of the extensive reviews on MDMA-mediated oxidative stress and tissue damage, we specifically focus on the mechanisms and consequences of oxidative-modifications of mitochondrial proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. We briefly describe a method to systematically identify oxidatively-modified mitochondrial proteins in control and MDMA-exposed rats by using biotin-N-maleimide (biotin-NM) as a sensitive probe for oxidized proteins. We also describe various applications and advantages of this Cys-targeted proteomics method and alternative approaches to overcome potential limitations of this method in studying oxidized proteins from MDMA-exposed tissues. Finally we discuss the mechanism of synergistic drug-interaction between MDMA and other abused substances including alcohol (ethanol) as well as application of this redox-based proteomics method in translational studies for developing effective preventive and therapeutic agents against MDMA-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Upreti VV, Moon KH, Yu LR, Lee IJ, Eddington ND, Ye X, Veenstra TD, Song BJ. Increased oxidative-modifications of cytosolic proteins in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy)-exposed rat liver. Proteomics 2010; 11:202-11. [PMID: 21204248 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) causes acute liver damage in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize oxidative modification and inactivation of cytosolic proteins in MDMA-exposed rats. Markedly increased levels of oxidized and nitrated cytosolic proteins were detected 12 h after the second administration of two consecutive MDMA doses (10 mg/kg each). Comparative 2-DE analysis showed markedly increased levels of biotin-N-methylimide-labeled oxidized cytosolic proteins in MDMA-exposed rats compared to vehicle-treated rats. Proteins in the 22 gel spots of strong intensities were identified using MS/MS. The oxidatively modified proteins identified include anti-oxidant defensive enzymes, a calcium-binding protein, and proteins involved in metabolism of lipids, nitrogen, and carbohydrates (glycolysis). Cytosolic superoxide dismutase was oxidized and its activity significantly inhibited following MDMA exposure. Consistent with the oxidative inactivation of peroxiredoxin, MDMA activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and p38 kinase. Since these protein kinases phosphorylate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, their activation may promote apoptosis in MDMA-exposed tissues. Our results show for the first time that MDMA induces oxidative-modification of many cytosolic proteins accompanied with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, contributing to hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay V Upreti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lu Y, Liu J, Lin C, Wang H, Jiang Y, Wang J, Yang P, He F. Peroxiredoxin 2: a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus related liver fibrosis identified by proteomic analysis of the plasma. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:115. [PMID: 20939925 PMCID: PMC2959091 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a middle stage in the course of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which will develop into cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if not treated at the early stage. Considering the limitations and patients' reluctance to undergo liver biopsy, a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic system to predict and assess treatment and prognosis of liver fibrosis is needed. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis of HBV related liver fibrosis. Method Plasma samples from 7 healthy volunteers and 27 HBV infected patients with different stages of fibrosis were selected for 2-DIGE proteomic screening. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to assess differences in protein expression among all groups. The alteration was further confirmed by western blotting. Plasma levels of 25 serological variables in 42 healthy volunteers and 68 patients were measured to establish a decision tree for the detection of various stages fibrosis. Result The up-regulated proteins along with fibrosis progress included fibrinogen, collagen, macroglobulin, hemopexin, antitrypsin, prealbumin and thioredoxin peroxidase. The down-regulated proteins included haptoglobin, serotransferrin, CD5 antigen like protein, clusterin, apolipoprotein and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein. For the discrimination of milder stage fibrosis, the area under curve for Prx II was the highest. Four variables (PT, Pre, HA and Prx II) were selected from the 25 variables to construct the decision tree. In a training group, the correct prediction percentage for normal control, milder fibrosis, significant fibrosis and early cirrhosis was 100%, 88.9%, 95.2% and 100%, respectively, with an overall correct percent of 95.9%. Conclusion This study showed that 2-D DIGE-based proteomic analysis of the plasma was helpful in screening for new plasma biomarkers for liver disease. The significant up-expression of Prx II could be used in the early diagnosis of HBV related liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kim JY, Song EH, Lee HJ, Oh YK, Park YS, Park JW, Kim BJ, Kim DJ, Lee I, Song J, Kim WH. Chronic ethanol consumption-induced pancreatic {beta}-cell dysfunction and apoptosis through glucokinase nitration and its down-regulation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37251-62. [PMID: 20855893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption is known as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance; however, there is a great deal of controversy concerning the relationships between alcohol consumption and the development of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and whether generated peroxynitrite participates in the impaired glucose homeostasis. Here we show that chronic ethanol feeding decreases the ability of pancreatic β-cells to mediate insulin secretion and ATP production in coordination with the decrease of glucokinase, Glut2, and insulin expression. Specific blockade of ATF3 using siRNA or C-terminally deleted ATF3(ΔC) attenuated ethanol-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis or dysfunction and restored the down-regulation of glucokinase (GCK), insulin, and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 induced by ethanol. GCK inactivation and down-regulation were predominantly mediated by ethanol metabolism-generated peroxynitrite, which were suppressed by the peroxynitrite scavengers N(γ)-monomethyl-L-arginine, uric acid, and deferoxamine but not by the S-nitrosylation inhibitor DTT, indicating that tyrosine nitration is the predominant modification associated with GCK down-regulation and inactivation rather than S-nitrosylation of cysteine. Tyrosine nitration of GCK prevented its association with pBad, and GCK translocation into the mitochondria results in subsequent proteasomal degradation of GCK following ubiquitination. This study identified a novel and efficient pathway by which chronic ethanol consumption may induce GCK down-regulation and inactivation by inducing tyrosine nitration of GCK, resulting in pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Peroxynitrite-induced ATF3 may also serve as a potent upstream regulator of GCK down-regulation and β-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- Divisions of Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, Korea
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Mathew SS, Bryant PW, Burch AD. Accumulation of oxidized proteins in Herpesvirus infected cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:383-91. [PMID: 20441790 PMCID: PMC3206308 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress gives rise to an environment that can be highly damaging to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Previous studies indicate that Herpesvirus infections cause oxidative stress in cells and in tissues. The biological consequences of virus-induced oxidative stress have not been characterized. Studies from many groups indicate that proteins which have been damaged through oxidative imbalances are either degraded by the 20S proteasome in a ubiquitin-independent fashion or form aggregates that are resistant to proteolysis. We have previously shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication was significantly enhanced in the presence of the cellular antioxidant chaperone Hsp27, indicating a possible role for this protein in managing virus-induced oxidative stress. Here we show that oxidized proteins accumulate during infections with two distantly related herpesviruses, HSV-1 and Rhesus Rhadinovirus (RRV), a close relative of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The presence of oxidized proteins was not entirely unexpected as oxidative stress during herpesvirus infection has been previously documented. Unexpectedly, some oxidized proteins are removed in a proteasome-dependent fashion throughout infection and others resist degradation. Oxidized proteins that resist proteolysis become sequestered in foci within the nucleus and are not associated with virus-induced chaperone enriched domains (VICE), active centers of protein quality control, but rather coincide with Hsp27-enriched foci that were previously described by our laboratory. Experiments also indicate that the accumulation of oxidized proteins is more pronounced in cells depleted for Hsp27. We propose that Hsp27 may facilitate oxidized protein turnover at VICE domains in the nucleus during infection. Hsp27 may also buffer toxic effects of highly-carbonylated, defective proteins that resist proteolysis by promoting their aggregation in the nucleus. These roles of Hsp27 during virus infection are most likely not mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomita S. Mathew
- The David Axelrod Institute Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health 120 New Scotland Avenue
| | - Patrick W. Bryant
- The David Axelrod Institute Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health 120 New Scotland Avenue
| | - April D. Burch
- The David Axelrod Institute Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health 120 New Scotland Avenue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Public Health University at Albany Albany, NY 12208, Phone: 518.402.2233 Fax: 518.474.9997
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Abstract
The hepatocyte cytoskeleton consists of three filamentous networks: microtubules, actin microfilaments and keratin intermediate filaments. Because of the abundance of the proteins that comprise each system and the central role each network plays in a variety of cellular processes, the three filament systems have been the focus of a host of studies aimed at understanding the progression of alcohol-induced liver injury. In this review, we will briefly discuss the hepatic organization of each cytoskeletal network and highlight some components of each system. We will also describe what is known about ethanol-induced changes in the dynamics and distributions of each cytoskeletal system and discuss what is known about changes in protein expression levels and post-translational modifications. Finally, we will describe the possible consequences of these cytoskeletal alterations on hepatocyte function and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease.
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An JH, Kim DS, Lee YH, Ho JN, Kim HK, Kang OJ, Shin IS, Cho HY. Proteomic analysis of the protective effects of Platycodi Radix in liver of chronically alcoholic rats. J Med Food 2010; 12:1190-8. [PMID: 20041771 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of Platycodi Radix (PR) supplementation in chronically alcoholic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group (no alcohol), alcohol group (36.8% of total calories), and 0.3% PR group. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased by alcohol treatment, and PR supplementation normalized the AST level. Moreover, alcohol-induced cytochrome P450 2E1 was decreased by PR treatment. Proteomic analysis of liver tissues of alcohol-exposed rats and PR-supplemented rats revealed that 50 different proteins functionally characterized as involved with cytoskeleton regulation, signal transduction, cytokine, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism showed significant quantitative changes. The expression levels of glutathione S-transferase mu, Bcl-2-like protein, and peroxiredoxin IV were decreased in the alcoholic group, whereas the levels of these proteins were increased more than threefold in the PR group. However, the expression levels of smooth muscle actin, cytochrome P450 2D, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8, and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were increased in the alcohol group and were decreased in the PR group. These data suggest that the antioxidant enzymes may play a protective role against alcohol-induced damage via oxidative stress defense mechanisms induced by PR supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Hee An
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song BJ, Suh SK, Moon KH. A simple method to systematically study oxidatively modified proteins in biological samples and its applications. Methods Enzymol 2010; 473:251-64. [PMID: 20513482 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)73013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress with elevated levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many disease states. Increased ROS/RNS can modulate the cellular macromolecules of DNA, lipids, and proteins, negatively affecting their normal functions. Numerous reports have described the properties and implications of oxidized DNA and lipids. However, oxidative modifications of proteins were not fully studied partially due to the requirement for specific reagents, the lack of methods to detect, purify, and identify oxidatively modified proteins, and the relatively late development of highly sensitive analytical instruments. This chapter describes the detailed procedure for systematically identifying oxidative-modified proteins in biological samples. Applications and other suggestions to this method are also described to understand the functional roles of oxidatively modified proteins in promoting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which ultimately contribute to organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abdelmegeed MA, Moon KH, Chen C, Gonzalez FJ, Song BJ. Role of cytochrome P450 2E1 in protein nitration and ubiquitin-mediated degradation during acetaminophen toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 79:57-66. [PMID: 19660437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that following a toxic dose of acetaminophen (APAP), nitrotyrosine protein adducts (3-NT), a hallmark of peroxynitrite production, were colocalized with necrotic hepatic centrilobular regions where cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is highly expressed, suggesting that 3-NT formation may be essential in APAP-mediated toxicity. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between CYP2E1 and nitration (3-NT formation) followed by ubiquitin-mediated degradation of proteins in wild-type and Cyp2e1-null mice exposed to APAP (200 and 400mg/kg) for 4 and 24h. Markedly increased centrilobular liver necrosis and 3-NT formation were only observed in APAP-exposed wild-type mice in a dose- and time-dependent manner, confirming an important role for CYP2E1 in APAP biotransformation and toxicity. However, the pattern of 3-NT protein adducts, not accompanied by concurrent activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), was similar to that of protein ubiquitination. Immunoblot analysis further revealed that immunoprecipitated nitrated proteins were ubiquitinated in APAP-exposed wild-type mice, confirming the fact that nitrated proteins are more susceptible than the native proteins for ubiquitin-dependent degradation, resulting in shorter half-lives. For instance, cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) levels were clearly decreased and immunoprecipitated SOD1 was nitrated and ubiquitinated, likely leading to its accelerated degradation in APAP-exposed wild-type mice. These data suggest that CYP2E1 appears to play a key role in 3-NT formation, protein degradation, and liver damage, which is independent of NOS, and that decreased levels of many proteins in the wild-type mice (compared with Cyp2e1-null mice) likely contribute to APAP-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Song IS, Kim SU, Oh NS, Kim J, Yu DY, Huang SM, Kim JM, Lee DS, Kim NS. Peroxiredoxin I contributes to TRAIL resistance through suppression of redox-sensitive caspase activation in human hepatoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1106-14. [PMID: 19406930 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance of many cancers. We evaluated the role of peroxiredoxin (Prx) I in TRAIL resistance governed by coupling of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)-derived ROS signaling with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/caspase-signaling cascade in liver cancer cells. Upregulated Prx I expression was found in neoplastic regions of human patient liver, and Prx I knockdown resulted in accelerated TRAIL-induced cell death in SK-Hep-1 human hepatoma cells. The TRAIL cytotoxicity by Prx I knockdown was dependent on activation of caspase-8/3 cascades, which was ablated by addition of inhibitors for p38 MAPK, ROS or Nox, suggesting the association with Nox-driven redox signaling. Furthermore, we found that Nox4 was constitutively expressed in both SK-Hep-1 cells and tumor regions of patient livers, knockdown of Nox4 expression could alleviate ROS generation and TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. In accordance with previous findings, increased activation of both p38 MAPK and caspase cascades by Prx I knockdown was inhibited by either Nox4 knockdown or SB203580 addition. Collectively, these data suggest that Prx I functions to block propagation of Nox-derived ROS signaling to the p38 MAPK/caspase/cell death cascade during TRAIL treatment and also provides a molecular mechanism by which Prx I contributes to TRAIL resistance in liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Scaloni A, Codarin E, Di Maso V, Arena S, Renzone G, Tiribelli C, Quadrifoglio F, Tell G. Modern strategies to identify new molecular targets for the treatment of liver diseases: The promising role of Proteomics and Redox Proteomics investigations. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:242-62. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Banerjee A, Russell WK, Jayaraman A, Ramaiah SK. Identification of proteins to predict the molecular basis for the observed gender susceptibility in a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis by 2-D gel proteomics. Proteomics 2009; 8:4327-37. [PMID: 18924223 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Females are reported to be highly susceptible to alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) compared to the males. Although a variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain this higher sensitivity of females, the precise mechanism is not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify changes in global protein expression in liver tissues of male and female rats with pathologically evident ASH by 2-DE (dimensional electrophoresis). ASH was induced in the SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats by feeding ethanol (EtOH) containing Lieber-DeCarli diet for 6 wk followed by a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Higher liver injury in females in the ASH group as compared to the males was confirmed by HE stained liver sections. As identified by 2-DE, 22 protein-spots were differentially expressed in the females in the ASH group as compared to the males. Following identification of these proteins by MALDI-MS, they were mainly categorized into metabolism and oxidative stress-related proteins. The expression pattern of a few of these oxidative stress-related proteins like Ferritin Heavy chain (Ferritin-H chain), ER stress protein 60 (ER 60) and Heat-shock protein-60 (HSP 60) were verified by Western blotting. To conclude, the current study has identified a set of proteins that highlights potential novel mechanisms associated with higher liver injury noted in the female rat ASH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Banerjee
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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Taurine Normalizes Blood Levels and Urinary Loss of Selenium, Chromium, and Manganese in Rats Chronically Consuming Alcohol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Moon KH, Upreti VV, Yu LR, Lee IJ, Ye X, Eddington ND, Veenstra TD, Song BJ. Mechanism of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver. Proteomics 2008; 8:3906-18. [PMID: 18780394 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports citing the acute hepatotoxicity caused by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (ecstasy), the underlying mechanism of organ damage is poorly understood. We hypothesized that key mitochondrial proteins are oxidatively modified and inactivated in MDMA-exposed tissues. The aim of this study was to identify and investigate the mechanism of inactivation of oxidatively modified mitochondrial proteins, prior to the extensive mitochondrial dysfunction and liver damage following MDMA exposure. MDMA-treated rats showed abnormal liver histology with significant elevation in plasma transaminases, nitric oxide synthase, and the level of hydrogen peroxide. Oxidatively modified mitochondrial proteins in control and MDMA-exposed rats were labeled with biotin-N-maleimide (biotin-NM) as a sensitive probe for oxidized proteins, purified with streptavidin-agarose, and resolved using 2-DE. Comparative 2-DE analysis of biotin-NM-labeled proteins revealed markedly increased levels of oxidatively modified proteins following MDMA exposure. Mass spectrometric analysis identified oxidatively modified mitochondrial proteins involved in energy supply, fat metabolism, antioxidant defense, and chaperone activities. Among these, the activities of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolases, and ATP synthase were significantly inhibited following MDMA exposure. Our data show for the first time that MDMA causes the oxidative inactivation of key mitochondrial enzymes which most likely contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent liver damage in MDMA-exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Hoon Moon
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
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Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis if alcohol consumption is continued. Alcohol exposure may induce fatty liver by increasing NADH/NAD(+) ratio, increasing sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) activity, decreasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) activity, and increasing complement C3 hepatic levels. Alcohol may increase SREBP-1 activity by decreasing the activities of AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced in response to alcohol exposure may cause fatty liver by up-regulating SREBP-1 activity, whereas betaine and pioglitazone may attenuate fatty liver by down-regulating SREBP-1 activity. PPAR-alpha agonists have potentials to attenuate alcoholic fatty liver. Adiponectin and interleukin-6 may attenuate alcoholic fatty liver by up-regulating PPAR-alpha and insulin signaling pathways while down-regulating SREBP-1 activity and suppressing TNF-alpha production. Recent studies show that paracrine activation of hepatic cannabinoid receptor 1 by hepatic stellate cell-derived endocannabinoids also contributes to the development of alcoholic fatty liver. Furthermore, oxidative modifications and inactivation of the enzymes involved in the mitochondrial and/or peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids could contribute to fat accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnudutt Purohit
- Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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MOON KWANHOON, HOOD BRIANL, MUKHOPADHYAY PARTHA, MOHANRAJ RAJESH, ABDELMEGEED MOHAMEDA, KWON YONGIL, CONRADS THOMASP, VEENSTRA TIMOTHYD, SONG BYOUNGJOON, PACHER PAL. Oxidative inactivation of key mitochondrial proteins leads to dysfunction and injury in hepatic ischemia reperfusion. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:1344-57. [PMID: 18778711 PMCID: PMC2597302 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major mechanism of liver injury following hepatic surgery or transplantation. Despite numerous reports on the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatic I/R injury, the proteins that are oxidatively modified during I/R damage are poorly characterized. This study was aimed at investigating the oxidatively modified proteins underlying the mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatic I/R injury. We also studied the effects of a superoxide dismutase mimetic/peroxynitrite scavenger metalloporphyrin (MnTMPyP) on oxidatively modified proteins and their functions. METHODS The oxidized and/or S-nitrosylated mitochondrial proteins from I/R-injured mouse livers with or without MnTMPyP pretreatment were labeled with biotin-N-maleimide, purified with streptavidin-agarose, and resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The identities of the oxidatively modified proteins were determined using mass spectrometric analysis. Liver histopathology, serum transaminase levels, nitrosative stress markers, and activities of oxidatively modified mitochondrial proteins were measured. RESULTS Comparative 2-dimensional gel analysis revealed markedly increased numbers of oxidized and S-nitrosylated mitochondrial proteins following hepatic I/R injury. Many key mitochondrial enzymes involved in cellular defense, fat metabolism, energy supply, and chaperones were identified as being oxidatively modified proteins. Pretreatment with MnTMPyP attenuated the I/R-induced increased serum transaminase levels, histologic damage, increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and S-nitrosylation and/or nitration of various key mitochondrial proteins. MnTMPyP pretreatment also restored I/R-induced suppressed activities of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolases, and adenosine triphosphate synthase. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increased nitrosative stress is critically important in promoting S-nitrosylation and nitration of various mitochondrial proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased energy supply and increased hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- KWAN-HOON MOON
- Laboratories of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
| | - BRIAN L. HOOD
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702.
| | - PARTHA MUKHOPADHYAY
- Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
| | - RAJESH MOHANRAJ
- Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
| | - MOHAMED A. ABDELMEGEED
- Laboratories of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
| | - YONG-IL KWON
- Laboratories of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
| | - THOMAS P. CONRADS
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702.
| | - TIMOTHY D. VEENSTRA
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702.
| | - BYOUNG-JOON SONG
- Laboratories of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
| | - PAL PACHER
- Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410
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Fu C, Hu J, Liu T, Ago T, Sadoshima J, Li H. Quantitative analysis of redox-sensitive proteome with DIGE and ICAT. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3789-802. [PMID: 18707151 DOI: 10.1021/pr800233r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of protein thiols are important mechanisms for regulating protein functions. The present study aimed to compare the relative effectiveness of two thiol-specific quantitative proteomic techniques, difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and isotope coded affinity tag (ICAT), for the discovery of redox-sensitive proteins in heart tissues. We found that these two methods were largely complementary; each could be used to reveal a set of unique redox-sensitive proteins. Some of these proteins are low-abundant signaling proteins and membrane proteins. From DIGE analysis, we found that both NF-kappaB-repressing protein and epoxide hydrolase were sensitive to H 2O 2 oxidation. In ICAT analysis, we found that specific cysteines within sacroplasmic endoplamic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 were sensitive to H 2O 2 oxidation. From these analyses, we conclude that both methods should be employed for proteome-wide studies, to maximize the possibility of identifying proteins containing redox-sensitive cysteinyl thiols in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cexiong Fu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Zhang L, Perdomo G, Kim DH, Qu S, Ringquist S, Trucco M, Dong HH. Proteomic analysis of fructose-induced fatty liver in hamsters. Metabolism 2008; 57:1115-24. [PMID: 18640390 PMCID: PMC2553352 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High fructose consumption is associated with the development of fatty liver and dyslipidemia with poorly understood mechanisms. We used a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-based proteomics approach to define the molecular events that link high fructose consumption to fatty liver in hamsters. Hamsters fed high-fructose diet for 8 weeks, as opposed to regular-chow-fed controls, developed hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. High-fructose-fed hamsters exhibited fat accumulation in liver. Hamsters were killed, and liver tissues were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-based proteomics. This approach identified a number of proteins whose expression levels were altered by >2-fold in response to high fructose feeding. These proteins fall into 5 different categories including (1) functions in fatty acid metabolism such as fatty acid binding protein and carbamoyl-phosphate synthase; (2) proteins in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism such as apolipoprotein A-1 and protein disulfide isomerase; (3) molecular chaperones such as GroEL, peroxiredoxin 2, and heat shock protein 70, whose functions are important for protein folding and antioxidation; (4) enzymes in fructose catabolism such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycerol kinase; and (5) proteins with housekeeping functions such as albumin. These data provide insight into the molecular basis linking fructose-induced metabolic shift to the development of metabolic syndrome characterized by hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H. Henry Dong
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Dong, Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3460 5th Avenue, Rm 5140, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Tel: +1 (412) 692-6324, Fax: +1 (412) 692-5809,
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48
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Song BJ, Moon KH, Olsson NU, Salem N. Prevention of alcoholic fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Hepatol 2008; 49:262-73. [PMID: 18571270 PMCID: PMC2532851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We reported that reduced dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as arachidonic (AA,20:4n6,omega-6) and docosahexaenoic (DHA,22:6n3,omega-3) acids led to alcohol-induced fatty liver and fibrosis. This study was aimed at studying the mechanisms by which a DHA/AA-supplemented diet prevents alcohol-induced fatty liver. METHODS Male Long-Evans rats were fed an ethanol or control liquid-diet with or without DHA/AA for 9 weeks. Plasma transaminase levels, liver histology, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, and activities of oxidatively-modified mitochondrial proteins were evaluated. RESULTS Chronic alcohol administration increased the degree of fatty liver but fatty liver decreased significantly in rats fed the alcohol-DHA/AA-supplemented diet. Alcohol exposure increased oxidative/nitrosative stress with elevated levels of ethanol-inducible CYP2E1, nitric oxide synthase, nitrite and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. However, these increments were normalized in rats fed the alcohol-DHA/AA-supplemented diet. The number of oxidatively-modified mitochondrial proteins was markedly increased following alcohol exposure but significantly reduced in rats fed the alcohol-DHA/AA-supplemented diet. The suppressed activities of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, ATP synthase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase in ethanol-exposed rats were also recovered in animals fed the ethanol-DHA/AA-supplemented diet. CONCLUSIONS Addition of DHA/AA prevents alcohol-induced fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in an animal model by protecting various mitochondrial enzymes most likely through reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. B.J. Song or Dr. Norman Salem Jr., 5625 Fishers lane, Rm 2S-30, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA. (E-mail) or ; Phone +1-301-496-3985; FAX +1-301-594-0035 E-mail addresses of other authors are: Kwan-Hoon Moon: ; Nils Olsson:
| | | | | | - Norman Salem
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. B.J. Song or Dr. Norman Salem Jr., 5625 Fishers lane, Rm 2S-30, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA. (E-mail) or ; Phone +1-301-496-3985; FAX +1-301-594-0035 E-mail addresses of other authors are: Kwan-Hoon Moon: ; Nils Olsson:
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Tsaytler PA, C. O’Flaherty M, Sakharov DV, Krijgsveld J, Egmond MR. Immediate Protein Targets of Photodynamic Treatment in Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3868-78. [PMID: 18652502 DOI: 10.1021/pr800189q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Tsaytler
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands, and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Martina C. O’Flaherty
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands, and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Sakharov
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands, and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands, and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Egmond
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands, and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands
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Merrick BA. Toxicoproteomics: Correlating Tissue and Serum Proteomics in Liver Injury. Clin Proteomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527622153.ch24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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