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Bulashev A, Eskendirova S. Brucellosis detection and the role of Brucella spp. cell wall proteins. Vet World 2023; 16:1390-1399. [PMID: 37621538 PMCID: PMC10446727 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1390-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains an endemic zoonotic disease in many developing countries, causing great harm to public health and devastating losses to livestock. One of the main reasons for the low effectiveness of anti-brucellosis measures is the lack of reliable methods for diagnosing infected animals throughout their lifespan. Classical serological tests, such as the tube agglutination test, rose Bengal plate test, and complement fixation test, as well as commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, are based on the detection of antibodies to the cell wall polysaccharide antigens of Brucella spp. smooth strains. As a result, they do not exclude cross-reactions with related bacteria and fail to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals. Over the past decades, many attempts have been made to identify immunoreactive and pathogen-specific protein antigens. To date, several studies have investigated Brucella spp. recombinant proteins, including cell wall proteins, as the best antigens for diagnosing brucellosis in animals and humans. However, the available results on the specificity and sensitivity of serological tests based on cell wall proteins are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the diagnostic value of outer membrane and/or periplasmic proteins of Brucella spp. The goal is to identify future developments that may lead to reliable antigens for serological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitbay Bulashev
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Eskendirova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Husain AA, Pinto SM, Agarwal N, Behera SK, Khulkhule PR, Bhartiya NM, Subbannayya Y, Prasad TSK, Singh LR, Daginawala HF, Kashyap RS. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Brucella melitensis ATCC23457 Strain Reveals Metabolic Adaptations in Response to Nutrient Stress. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:20. [PMID: 36460801 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) strain ATCC23457 was carried out to investigate proteome alterations in response to in vitro-induced nutrient stress. Our analysis resulted in the identification of 2440 proteins, including 365 hypothetical proteins and 850 potentially secretory proteins representing ~77.8% of the B. melitensis proteome. Utilizing a proteogenomics approach, we provide translational evidence for eight novel putative protein-coding genes and confirmed the coding potential of 31 putatively annotated pseudogenes, thus refining the existing genome annotation. Further, using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach, new insights into the cellular processes governed by nutrient stress, including enrichment of amino acid metabolism (E), transcription (K), energy production and conversion (C), and biogenesis (J) processes were obtained. Pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of survival and homeostasis maintenance pathways, including type IV secretion system, nitrogen metabolism, and urease pathways in response to nutrient limitation. To conclude, our analysis demonstrates the utility of in-depth proteomic analysis in enabling improved annotation of the B. melitensis genome. Further, our results indicate that B. melitensis undergoes metabolic adaptations during nutrient stress similar to other Brucella. sp, and adapts itself for long-term persistence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas A Husain
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, 440 010, India
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Nupur Agarwal
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Santosh K Behera
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Payal R Khulkhule
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, 440 010, India
| | - Nidhi M Bhartiya
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, 440 010, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Lokendra R Singh
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, 440 010, India
| | - Hatim F Daginawala
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, 440 010, India
| | - Rajpal S Kashyap
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, 440 010, India.
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He CY, Yang JH, Ye YB, Zhao HL, Liu MZ, Yang QL, Liu BS, He S, Chen ZL. Proteomic and Antibody Profiles Reveal Antigenic Composition and Signatures of Bacterial Ghost Vaccine of Brucella abortus A19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874871. [PMID: 35529865 PMCID: PMC9074784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease that causes great economic losses. Vaccine immunisation is the main strategy for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Although live attenuated vaccines play important roles in the prevention of this disease, they also have several limitations, such as residual virulence and difficulty in the differentiation of immunisation and infection. We developed and evaluated a new bacterial ghost vaccine of Brucella abortus A19 by a new double inactivation method. The results showed that the bacterial ghost vaccine of Brucella represents a more safe and efficient vaccine for brucellosis. We further characterised the antigenic components and signatures of the vaccine candidate A19BG. Here, we utilised a mass spectrometry-based label-free relative quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the global proteomics changes in A19BGs compared to its parental A19. The proteomic analysis identified 2014 proteins, 1116 of which were differentially expressed compared with those in A19. The common immunological proteins of OMPs (Bcsp31, Omp25, Omp10, Omp19, Omp28, and Omp2a), HSPs (DnaK, GroS, and GroL), and SodC were enriched in the proteome of A19BG. By protein micro array-based antibody profiling, significant differences were observed between A19BG and A19 immune response, and a number of signature immunogenic proteins were identified. Two of these proteins, the BMEII0032 and BMEI0892 proteins were significantly different (P < 0.01) in distinguishing between A19 and A19BG immune sera and were identified as differential diagnostic antigens for the A19BG vaccine candidate. In conclusion, using comparative proteomics and antibody profiling, protein components and signature antigens were identified for the ghost vaccine candidate A19BG, which are valuable for further developing the vaccine and its monitoring assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin-Bo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhao
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Meng-Zhi Liu
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Qi-Lin Yang
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Bao-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun He
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Ze-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ozma MA, Khodadadi E, Rezaee MA, Asgharzadeh M, Aghazadeh M, Zeinalzadeh E, Ganbarov K, Kafil H. Bacterial proteomics and its application for pathogenesis studies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1245-1256. [PMID: 34503411 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210908153234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria build their structures by implementing several macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, phospholipids, and nucleic acids, which leads to preserve their lives and play an essential role in their pathogenesis. There are two genomic and proteomic methods to study various macromolecules of bacteria, which are complementary methods and provide comprehensive information. Proteomic approaches are used to identify proteins and their cell applications. Furthermore, to study bacterial proteins, macromolecules are involved in the bacteria's structures and functions. These protein-based methods provide comprehensive information about the cells, such as the external structures, internal compositions, post-translational modifications, and mechanisms of particular actions such as biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and adaptation to the environment, which are helpful in promoting bacterial pathogenesis. These methods use various devices such as MALDI-TOF MS, LC-MS, and two-dimensional electrophoresis, which are valuable tools for studying different structural and functional proteins of the bacteria and their mechanisms of pathogenesis that causes rapid, easy, and accurate diagnosis of the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh
- Microbiome and Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Elham Zeinalzadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | | | - Hossein Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711. Iran
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Applied Proteomics in 'One Health'. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9030031. [PMID: 34208880 PMCID: PMC8293331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectroscopy Applications in Clinical Microbiology. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:9928238. [PMID: 34041492 PMCID: PMC8121603 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9928238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a range of proteomics methods to spot and analyze bacterial protein contents such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which give comprehensive information about the microorganisms that may be helpful within the diagnosis and coverings of infections. Microorganism identification by mass spectrometry is predicted on identifying a characteristic spectrum of every species so matched with an outsized database within the instrument. MALDI-TOF MS is one of the diagnostic methods, which is a straightforward, quick, and precise technique, and is employed in microbial diagnostic laboratories these days and may replace other diagnostic methods. This method identifies various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, which supply comprehensive information. One of the MALDI-TOF MS's crucial applications is bacteriology, which helps identify bacterial species, identify toxins, and study bacterial antibiotic resistance. By knowing these cases, we will act more effectively against bacterial infections.
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Bhartiya NM, Husain AA, Daginawala HF, Singh L, Kashyap RS. Development of an Immunodiagnostic Test for Screening Human Brucellosis Cases Using the Whole-Cell Antigens of Brucella abortus. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 27:15-26. [PMID: 33447131 PMCID: PMC7785268 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of public health and often remains neglected owing to lack of sensitive and efficient diagnostic methods. This study evaluates diagnostic utility of in-house designed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole-cell antigens of Brucella abortus (B. abortus) S19 against the commercially available kits. Methods A prospective cohort study involving different populations within the Vidarbha regions of Maharashtra, India was conducted through camps organised from May 2009 to October 2015. A total of 568 serum samples were collected from high-risk people recruited as study cohorts based on inclusion criteria, additional risk factors and clinical symptoms. Samples were evaluated by indirect ELISA using the whole-cell antigens of B. abortus. The results were compared with the commercially available IgG detection ELISA kit to ascertain the specificity and sensitivity of the developed test. Results Fever, body ache, joint pain, lower back pain, loss of appetite and weight loss were major symptoms associated with the disease. With the cut-off of > 0.8, the positivity of brucellosis infection was at 12.32% (70/568) compared to 9.33% (53/568) as detected by the commercial kit. The in-house developed ELISA method yielded a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 99.18% as compared to the commercial kits (sensitivity −80.30% and specificity −99.6%). Discussion The B. abortus S19-derived whole-cell protein-based ELISA is rapid and cost-effective and can be used for screening brucellosis infection in lieu of the commercially available ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi M Bhartiya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Aliabbas A Husain
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Hatim F Daginawala
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Lokendra Singh
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Rajpal S Kashyap
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
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Zhu J, Dong Q, Dong C, Zhang X, Zhang H, Chen Z. Global Lysine Crotonylation Alterations of Host Cell Proteins Caused by Brucella Effector BspF. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:603457. [PMID: 33489935 PMCID: PMC7821425 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.603457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brucella spp., the type IV secretion system (T4SS) is essential for bacterial intracellular survival and inhibition of the host innate immune response. The Brucella T4SS secretes 15 different effectors to escape host immunity and promote intracellular replication. Among them, BspF has a GNAT-family acetyltransferase domain, implying its acetyltransferase activity. We confirmed that BspF has acetyltransferase activity (data not shown) and de-crotonyltransferase activity. However, BspF overexpressed in HEK-293T cells can also enhance octamer crotonylation in vitro. Then we enriched crotonylated proteins and conducted LC-MS to study the crotonylation changes of proteins in HEK-293T cells caused by BspF overexpression. A total of 5,559 crotonylation sites were identified on 1,525 different proteins, of which 331 sites on 265 proteins were significantly changed. We found that Rab9A and RAP1B in proteomics data have a great impact on Brucella survival, so we speculate that BspF may influence the function of host proteins by altering crotonylation, thereby promoting the intracellular propagation of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changpeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Clearance of Brucella with formulation rCagA, TN-OMPs & LPS in mice. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marcus K, Lelong C, Rabilloud T. What Room for Two-Dimensional Gel-Based Proteomics in a Shotgun Proteomics World? Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8030017. [PMID: 32781532 PMCID: PMC7563651 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was instrumental in the birth of proteomics in the late 1980s. However, it is now often considered as an outdated technique for proteomics—a thing of the past. Although this opinion may be true for some biological questions, e.g., when analysis depth is of critical importance, for many others, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics still has a lot to offer. This is because of its robustness, its ability to separate proteoforms, and its easy interface with many powerful biochemistry techniques (including western blotting). This paper reviews where and why two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics can still be profitably used. It emerges that, rather than being a thing of the past, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics is still highly valuable for many studies. Thus, its use cannot be dismissed on simple fashion arguments and, as usual, in science, the tree is to be judged by the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty & Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI) Ruhr-University Bochum Gesundheitscampus, 4 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Cécile Lelong
- CBM UMR CNRS5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38054 Grenoble, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-438-783-212
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Sánchez-Jiménez MM, de la Cuesta Zuluaga JJ, Garcia-Montoya GM, Dabral N, Alzate JF, Vemulapalli R, Olivera-Angel M. Diagnosis of human and canine Brucella canis infection: development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant Brucella proteins. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04393. [PMID: 32685723 PMCID: PMC7358725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella canis, a Gram-negative coccobacilli belonging to the genus Brucellae, is a pathogenic bacterium that can produce infections in dogs and humans. Multiple studies have been carried out to develop diagnostic techniques to detect all zoonotic Brucellae. Diagnosis of Brucella canis infection is challenging due to the lack of highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. This work was divided in two phases: in the first one, were identified antigenic proteins in B. canis that could potentially be used for serological diagnosis of brucellosis. Human sera positive for canine brucellosis infection was used to recognize immunoreactive proteins that were then identified by performing 2D-GEL and immunoblot assays. These spots were analyzed using MALDI TOF MS and predicted proteins were identified. Of the 35 protein spots analyzed, 14 proteins were identified and subsequently characterized using bioinformatics, two of this were selected for the next phase. In the second phase, we developed and validated an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using those recombinant proteins: inosine 5' phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PdhB) and elongation factor Tu (Tuf). These genes were PCR-amplified from genomic DNA of B. canis strain Oliveri, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant proteins were purified by metal affinity chromatography, and used as antigens in indirect ELISA. Serum samples from healthy and B. canis-infected humans and dogs were used to evaluate the performance of indirect ELISAs. Our results suggest that PdhB and Tuf proteins could be used as antigens for serologic detection of B. canis infection in humans, but not in dogs. The use of recombinant antigens in iELISA assays to detect B. canis-specific antibodies in human serum could be a valuable tool to improve diagnosis of human brucellosis caused by B. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryan Margot Sánchez-Jiménez
- Vericel-Biogénesis Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, ICMT - CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Jacobo de la Cuesta Zuluaga
- Vericel-Biogénesis Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gisela María Garcia-Montoya
- National Center for Genomic Sequencing -CNSG, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Parasitology Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Neha Dabral
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Juan Fernando Alzate
- National Center for Genomic Sequencing -CNSG, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Parasitology Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ramesh Vemulapalli
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Martha Olivera-Angel
- Vericel-Biogénesis Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Immunoproteomics of Brucella abortus reveals potential of recombinant antigens for discriminating vaccinated from naturally infected cattle. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104345. [PMID: 32544523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis serodiagnosis is still a challenge and vaccination is the main measure used to control bovine brucellosis, being S19 and RB51 the most currently used vaccines. So, in order to contribute to brucellosis control, a bidimensional (2D) immunoblot-based approach was used to find immunogenic proteins to be used in serodiagnosis, particularly with ability to be employed in DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy. Immunoproteomic profile of Brucella abortus 2308 was analyzed in 2D western blotting using pooled sera from S19 vaccinated animals, RB51 vaccinated animals, B. abortus naturally infected animals and non-vaccinated seronegative animals. Evaluation of the antigens differentially immunoreactive against the groups of sera showed three proteins of particular importance: MDH (malate dehydrogenase) immunoreactive for S19-vaccinated animals, SOD (superoxide dismutase) reactive for infected animals and ABC transporter (multispecies sugar ABC transporter) reactive against sera from vaccinated animals (S19 and RB51). These three proteins were produced in E. coli and tested in an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA). For MDH, comparison between the vaccinated animals (independent of the vaccine used) and the seropositive and seronegative animals in I-ELISA showed significant differences. Data on the I-ELISA using SOD showed that sera from non-vaccinated naturally infected animals exhibited significant difference in comparison with all other groups. Otherwise, sera from vaccinated animals (S19 and RB51) and from non-vaccinated naturally infected animals did not show significant difference in OD values, but they were all significant different from non-vaccinated seronegative animals using ABC transporter as antigen in I-ELISA. In conclusion, together the 2D western blot analysis and the preliminary I-ELISA results suggest that the combined use of MDH and SOD could be successful employed in a LPS-free protein based serodiagnosis approach to detect bovine brucellosis and to discriminate vaccinated from naturally infected animals, in early post-vaccination stages.
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Pan-Proteomic Analysis and Elucidation of Protein Abundance among the Closely Related Brucella Species, Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060836. [PMID: 32486122 PMCID: PMC7355635 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The species, B. abortus and B. melitensis, major causative agents of human brucellosis, share remarkably similar genomes, but they differ in their natural hosts, phenotype, antigenic, immunogenic, proteomic and metabolomic properties. In the present study, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to investigate protein expression level differences. Type strains and field strains were each cultured six times, cells were harvested at a midlogarithmic growth phase and proteins were extracted. Following trypsin digestion, the peptides were desalted, separated by reverse-phase nanoLC, ionized using electrospray ionization and transferred into an linear trap quadrapole (LTQ) Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer to record full scan MS spectra (m/z 300–1700) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of the 20 most intense ions. Database matching with the reference proteomes resulted in the identification of 826 proteins. The Cluster of Gene Ontologies of the identified proteins revealed differences in bimolecular transport and protein synthesis mechanisms between these two strains. Among several other proteins, antifreeze proteins, Omp10, superoxide dismutase and 30S ribosomal protein S14 were predicted as potential virulence factors among the proteins differentially expressed. All mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006348.
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Wareth G, Pletz MW, Neubauer H, Murugaiyan J. Proteomics of Brucella: Technologies and Their Applications for Basic Research and Medical Microbiology. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050766. [PMID: 32443785 PMCID: PMC7285364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global zoonosis caused by Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.). Proteomics has been used to investigate a few B. melitensis and B. abortus strains, but data for other species and biovars are limited. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of proteomes will significantly contribute to understanding the enigmatic biology of brucellae. For direct identification and typing of Brucella, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI - TOF MS) has become a reliable tool for routine diagnosis due to its ease of handling, price and sensitivity highlighting the potential of proteome-based techniques. Proteome analysis will also help to overcome the historic but still notorious Brucella obstacles of infection medicine, the lack of safe and protective vaccines and sensitive serologic diagnostic tools by identifying the most efficient protein antigens. This perspective summarizes past and recent developments in Brucella proteomics with a focus on species identification and serodiagnosis. Future applications of proteomics in these fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1804-2296
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University AP, Neerukonda, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
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Abstract
Brucella spp. are Gram negative intracellular bacteria responsible for brucellosis, a worldwide distributed zoonosis. A prominent aspect of the Brucella life cycle is its ability to invade, survive and multiply within host cells. Comprehensive approaches, such as proteomics, have aided in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying Brucella pathogenesis. Technological and methodological advancements such as increased instrument performance and multiplexed quantification have broadened the range of proteome studies, enabling new and improved analyses, providing deeper and more accurate proteome coverage. Indeed, proteomics has demonstrated its contribution to key research questions in Brucella biology, i.e., immunodominant proteins, host-cell interaction, stress response, antibiotic targets and resistance, protein secretion. Here, we review the proteomics of Brucella with a focus on more recent works and novel findings, ranging from reconfiguration of the intracellular bacterial proteome and studies on proteomic profiles of Brucella infected tissues, to the identification of Brucella extracellular proteins with putative roles in cell signaling and pathogenesis. In conclusion, proteomics has yielded copious new candidates and hypotheses that require future verification. It is expected that proteomics will continue to be an invaluable tool for Brucella and applications will further extend to the currently ill-explored aspects including, among others, protein processing and post-translational modification.
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Tian M, Song M, Yin Y, Lian Z, Li Z, Hu H, Guan X, Cai Y, Ding C, Wang S, Li T, Qi J, Yu S. Characterization of the main immunogenic proteins in Brucella infection for their application in diagnosis of brucellosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101462. [PMID: 32143107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic bacterial disease widespread in the world. The key step of control this disease is accurate diagnosis and elimination of diseased animals. The classic diagnostic methods, such as tube agglutination test, are inaccurate and nonspecific, because of cross-reaction with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9. Previously, several proteins were reported as Brucella main immunogens. In this study, we used animal infection model to evaluate antibody production against OMP16, BP26, BLS, BCSP31, VirB12, SodC and GroEL proteins and investigated their application in diagnosis of brucellosis. The results showed that the BP26 and BLS are two best immunogenic proteins. In further study, we detected 44 clinical bovine sera using western blot, showing that the BP26 and BLS reacted with 30 Brucella-positive sera, but false-positive results were also shown in 14 Brucella-free sera. In an indirect ELISA assay, compared to lipopolysaccharide-based ELISA, the conformance of the BP26-based ELISA was 92.68 % in Brucella-positive sera, but only 52.94 % in Brucella-free sera. The BLS-based ELISA can hardly differentiate positive sera from negative sera. Besides, truncated fragments of the BP26 protein cannot exclude false-positive results in detection of Brucella-free sera. Altogether, although Brucella main immunogenic proteins have good reaction with Brucella-positive sera, false-positive reaction with Brucella-free sera may lead to misdiagnosis of brucellosis, suggesting that it should be more careful to use these immunogenic proteins as antigen targets to diagnosis of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengmin Lian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zichen Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiang Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Brucella Periplasmic Protein EipB Is a Molecular Determinant of Cell Envelope Integrity and Virulence. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00134-19. [PMID: 30936371 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00134-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative cell envelope is a remarkable structure with core components that include an inner membrane, an outer membrane, and a peptidoglycan layer in the periplasmic space between. Multiple molecular systems function to maintain integrity of this essential barrier between the interior of the cell and its surrounding environment. We show that a conserved DUF1849 family protein, EipB, is secreted to the periplasmic space of Brucella species, a monophyletic group of intracellular pathogens. In the periplasm, EipB folds into an unusual 14-stranded β-spiral structure that resembles the LolA and LolB lipoprotein delivery system, though the overall fold of EipB is distinct from LolA/LolB. Deletion of eipB results in defects in Brucella cell envelope integrity in vitro and in maintenance of spleen colonization in a mouse model of Brucella abortus infection. Transposon disruption of ttpA, which encodes a periplasmic protein containing tetratricopeptide repeats, is synthetically lethal with eipB deletion. ttpA is a reported virulence determinant in Brucella, and our studies of ttpA deletion and overexpression strains provide evidence that this gene also contributes to cell envelope function. We conclude that eipB and ttpA function in the Brucella periplasmic space to maintain cell envelope integrity, which facilitates survival in a mammalian host.IMPORTANCE Brucella species cause brucellosis, a global zoonosis. A gene encoding a conserved DUF1849-family protein, which we have named EipB, is present in all sequenced Brucella and several other genera in the class Alphaproteobacteria The manuscript provides the first functional and structural characterization of a DUF1849 protein. We show that EipB is secreted to the periplasm where it forms a spiral-shaped antiparallel β protein that is a determinant of cell envelope integrity in vitro and virulence in an animal model of disease. eipB genetically interacts with ttpA, which also encodes a periplasmic protein. We propose that EipB and TtpA function as part of a system required for cell envelope homeostasis in select Alphaproteobacteria.
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Zeng X, Pan Q, Guo Y, Wu Z, Sun Y, Dang Y, Cao J, He J, Pan D. Potential mechanism of nitrite degradation by Lactobacillus fermentum RC4 based on proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2019; 194:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Falcão M, Santana V, Corrêa F, Tenório JB, Mota R. Development and standardization of a western blotting test for detection of antibodies against B. abortus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella spp. with diagnosis based on use of serological techniques. The present study aimed to develop and standardize a western blotting (WB) test for detection of antibodies against B. abortus. Samples from two groups of cattle were analyzed: group I: 60 serum samples from true positive and true negative vaccinated animals (30 positive samples from infected animals according to rose bengal test (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol, serum agglutination test (SAT) and complement fixation test (CFT) and 30 RBT negatives samples); group II: 383 field samples (90 positive and 293 CFT negative sera). The most reactive band in the western blotting, which properly identified and separated infected from non - infected had a molecular weight of ≤ 20kDa. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the WB compared to RBT was 93%, 99%, 98%, respectively and k= 0.938. When compared to CFT, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the WB was 97%, 98% and 97%, respectively and k= 0.929. The WB developed and standardized in the present study is a serological test with potential use as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V.L.A. Santana
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | - F.N. Corrêa
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | | | - R.A. Mota
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Paul S, Peddayelachagiri BV, Nagaraj S, Kingston JJ, Batra HV. Recombinant outer membrane protein 25c from Brucella abortus induces Th1 and Th2 mediated protection against Brucella abortus infection in mouse model. Mol Immunol 2018; 99:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Tuju J, Kamuyu G, Murungi LM, Osier FHA. Vaccine candidate discovery for the next generation of malaria vaccines. Immunology 2017; 152:195-206. [PMID: 28646586 PMCID: PMC5588761 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological observations, IgG passive transfer studies and experimental infections in humans all support the feasibility of developing highly effective malaria vaccines, the precise antigens that induce protective immunity remain uncertain. Here, we review the methodologies applied to vaccine candidate discovery for Plasmodium falciparum malaria from the pre- to post-genomic era. Probing of genomic and cDNA libraries with antibodies of defined specificities or functional activity predominated the former, whereas reverse vaccinology encompassing high throughput in silico analyses of genomic, transcriptomic or proteomic parasite data sets is the mainstay of the latter. Antibody-guided vaccine design spanned both eras but currently benefits from technological advances facilitating high-throughput screening and downstream applications. We make the case that although we have exponentially increased our ability to identify numerous potential vaccine candidates in a relatively short space of time, a significant bottleneck remains in their validation and prioritization for evaluation in clinical trials. Longitudinal cohort studies provide supportive evidence but results are often conflicting between studies. Demonstration of antigen-specific antibody function is valuable but the relative importance of one mechanism over another with regards to protection remains undetermined. Animal models offer useful insights but may not accurately reflect human disease. Challenge studies in humans are preferable but prohibitively expensive. In the absence of reliable correlates of protection, suitable animal models or a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying protective immunity in humans, vaccine candidate discovery per se may not be sufficient to provide the paradigm shift necessary to develop the next generation of highly effective subunit malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Tuju
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine CoastKilifiKenya
- Department of BiochemistryPwani UniversityKilifiKenya
| | - Gathoni Kamuyu
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine CoastKilifiKenya
| | - Linda M. Murungi
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine CoastKilifiKenya
| | - Faith H. A. Osier
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine CoastKilifiKenya
- Centre for Infectious DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Biomedical SciencesPwani UniversityKilifiKenya
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Rossetti CA, Drake KL, Lawhon SD, Nunes JS, Gull T, Khare S, Adams LG. Systems Biology Analysis of Temporal In vivo Brucella melitensis and Bovine Transcriptomes Predicts host:Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1275. [PMID: 28798726 PMCID: PMC5529337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, fewer than 200 gene-products have been identified as Brucella virulence factors, and most were characterized individually without considering how they are temporally and coordinately expressed or secreted during the infection process. Here, we describe and analyze the in vivo temporal transcriptional profile of Brucella melitensis during the initial 4 h interaction with cattle. Pathway analysis revealed an activation of the "Two component system" providing evidence that the in vivo Brucella sense and actively regulate their metabolism through the transition to an intracellular lifestyle. Contrarily, other Brucella pathways involved in virulence such as "ABC transporters" and "T4SS system" were repressed suggesting a silencing strategy to avoid stimulation of the host innate immune response very early in the infection process. Also, three flagellum-encoded loci (BMEII0150-0168, BMEII1080-1089, and BMEII1105-1114), the "flagellar assembly" pathway and the cell components "bacterial-type flagellum hook" and "bacterial-type flagellum" were repressed in the tissue-associated B. melitensis, while RopE1 sigma factor, a flagellar repressor, was activated throughout the experiment. These results support the idea that Brucella employ a stealthy strategy at the onset of the infection of susceptible hosts. Further, through systems-level in silico host:pathogen protein-protein interactions simulation and correlation of pathogen gene expression with the host gene perturbations, we identified unanticipated interactions such as VirB11::MAPK8IP1; BtaE::NFKBIA, and 22 kDa OMP precursor::BAD and MAP2K3. These findings are suggestive of new virulence factors and mechanisms responsible for Brucella evasion of the host's protective immune response and the capability to maintain a dormant state. The predicted protein-protein interactions and the points of disruption provide novel insights that will stimulate advanced hypothesis-driven approaches toward revealing a clearer understanding of new virulence factors and mechanisms influencing the pathogenesis of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rossetti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Jairo S Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Tamara Gull
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Leslie G Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
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Th2-related immune responses by the Brucella abortus cellular antigens, malate dehydrogenase, elongation factor, and arginase. Microb Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28629726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species. The disease is difficult to control due to the intracellular survival of the bacterium and the lack of precise understanding of pathogenesis. Despite of continuous researches on the pathogenesis of Brucella spp. infection, there is still question on the pathogenesis, especially earlier immune response in the bacterial infection. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), elongation factor (Tsf), and arginase (RocF), which showed serological reactivity, were purified after gene cloning, and their immune modulating activities were then analyzed in a murine model. Cytokine production profiles were investigated by stimulating RAW 264.7 cells and naïve splenocytes with the three recombinant proteins. Also, immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and an ELIspot assay after immunizing mice with the three proteins. Only TNF-α was produced in stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, whereas Th1-related cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-2, were induced in naïve splenocytes. In contrast, Th2-type immune response was more strongly induced in antigen-secreting cells in the splenocytes obtained 28 days after immunizing mice with the three proteins, as were IgM and IgG. The induction of Th2-related antibody, IgG1, was higher than the Th1-related antibody, IgG2a, in immunized mice. These results suggest that the three proteins strongly induce Th2-type immune response in vivo, even though Th1-related cytokines were produced in vitro.
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Tang L, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Chen C. Evaluation of a hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprints assay for identification of and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:495-499. [PMID: 28345992 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.4.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprints (HOOF-Prints) assay for identification of and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis. SAMPLE Brucella melitensis vaccine strain M5 and wild-type strain M43. PROCEDURES 8 pairs of primers (alterable, octameric nucleotides) were designed on the basis of a biological analysis of 8 flanking sequences in the DNA of B melitensis. The HOOF-Prints technique was used to identify wild-type and vaccine strains of B melitensis. Phylogenetic analysis of short, polymorphic fragments of DNA from B melitensis strains M5 and M43 was performed. RESULTS Variable-number tandem repeat DNA segments of B melitensis vaccine strain M5 and wild-type strain M43 were successfully amplified by means of PCR assay. All target gene fragments ranged in size from 100 to 300 bp. Separate phylogenetic analysis of each Brucella strain revealed considerable differences between the vaccine and wild-type strains. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study suggested the HOOF-Prints assay may be useful for discriminating vaccine strains of B melitensis from wild-type strains. This ability could allow discrimination between animals that are seropositive because of vaccination against B melitensis and those that are seropositive because of B melitensis infection and could decrease the likelihood of importing Brucella-infected animals.
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Structure-based mutational studies of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase reveal the reason for the loss of cysteine synthase complex formation in Brucella abortus. Biochem J 2017; 474:1221-1239. [PMID: 28126739 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine biosynthesis takes place via a two-step pathway in bacteria, fungi, plants and protozoan parasites, but not in humans, and hence, the machinery of cysteine biosynthesis is an opportune target for therapeutics. The decameric cysteine synthase complex (CSC) is formed when the C-terminal tail of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) binds in the active site of O-acetylserine sulfydrylase (OASS), playing a role in the regulation of this pathway. Here, we show that OASS from Brucella abortus (BaOASS) does not interact with its cognate SAT C-terminal tail. Crystal structures of native BaOASS showed that residues Gln96 and Tyr125 occupy the active-site pocket and interfere with the entry of the SAT C-terminal tail. The BaOASS (Q96A-Y125A) mutant showed relatively strong binding (Kd = 32.4 μM) to BaSAT C-terminal peptides in comparison with native BaOASS. The mutant structure looks similar except that the active-site pocket has enough space to bind the SAT C-terminal end. Surface plasmon resonance results showed a relatively strong (7.3 μM Kd) interaction between BaSAT and the BaOASS (Q96A-Y125A), but no interaction with native BaOASS. Taken together, our observations suggest that the CSC does not form in B. abortus.
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Brucella abortus: Current Research and Future Trends. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gómez LA, Alvarez FI, Fernández PA, Flores MR, Molina RE, Coloma RF, Oñate AA. Immunogenicity and Protective Response Induced by Recombinant Plasmids Based on the BAB1_0267 and BAB1_0270 Open Reading Frames of Brucella abortus 2308 in BALB/c Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:117. [PMID: 27747197 PMCID: PMC5041321 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity induced by recombinant plasmids based on the BAB1_0267 and BAB1_0270 open reading frames (ORFs) of Brucella abortus 2308 was evaluated. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that the BAB1_0267 and BAB1_0270 ORFs encode a protein with a SH3 domain and a Zn-dependent metalloproteinase, respectively. Both ORFs have important effects on intracellular survival and replication of B. abortus 2308, mediated via professional and non-professional phagocytic cells. Our results show that immunization with the recombinant plasmid based on the BAB1_0267 ORF significantly increases the production of IgG1, levels of IFN-γ and the lymphoproliferative response of splenocytes. However, BAB1_0267 did not provide significant levels of protection. The plasmid based on the BAB1_0270 significantly increased IgG2a production, levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and the lymphoproliferative response of splenocytes. These results demonstrate that immunization with the BAB1_0270 derived recombinant plasmid induce a Th1-type immune response, correlated with a heightened resistance to B. abortus 2308 infection in mice. It is concluded that the Th1-type immune response against bacterial Zn-dependent metalloproteinase induces a protective response in mice, and that pV270 recombinant plasmid is an effective candidate microbicide against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco I Alvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo A Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Manuel R Flores
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl E Molina
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto F Coloma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Angel A Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
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Secretome, surfome and immunome: emerging approaches for the discovery of new vaccine candidates against bacterial infections. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:155. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Comprehensive Identification of Immunodominant Proteins of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Using Antibodies in the Sera from Naturally Infected Hosts. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050659. [PMID: 27144565 PMCID: PMC4881485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a debilitating zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals. The diagnosis of brucellosis is challenging, as accurate species level identification is not possible with any of the currently available serology-based diagnostic methods. The present study aimed at identifying Brucella (B.) species-specific proteins from the closely related species B. abortus and B. melitensis using sera collected from naturally infected host species. Unlike earlier reported investigations with either laboratory-grown species or vaccine strains, in the present study, field strains were utilized for analysis. The label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the naturally isolated strains of these two closely related species revealed 402 differentially expressed proteins, among which 63 and 103 proteins were found exclusively in the whole cell extracts of B. abortus and B. melitensis field strains, respectively. The sera from four different naturally infected host species, i.e., cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat were applied to identify the immune-binding protein spots present in the whole protein extracts from the isolated B. abortus and B. melitensis field strains and resolved on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Comprehensive analysis revealed that 25 proteins of B. abortus and 20 proteins of B. melitensis were distinctly immunoreactive. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate/malate dehydrogenase from B. abortus, amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein from B. melitensis and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase from both species were reactive with the sera of all the tested naturally infected host species. The identified proteins could be used for the design of serological assays capable of detecting pan-Brucella, B. abortus- and B. melitensis-specific antibodies.
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Tadepalli G, Singh AK, Balakrishna K, Murali HS, Batra HV. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Brucella abortus recombinant protein cocktail (rOmp19 + rP39) against B. abortus 544 and B. melitensis 16M infection in murine model. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ducrotoy MJ, Conde-Álvarez R, Blasco JM, Moriyón I. A review of the basis of the immunological diagnosis of ruminant brucellosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 171:81-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Galassie AC, Link AJ. Proteomic contributions to our understanding of vaccine and immune responses. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:972-89. [PMID: 26172619 PMCID: PMC4713355 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest public health successes; yet, due to the empirical nature of vaccine design, we have an incomplete understanding of how the genes and proteins induced by vaccines contribute to the development of both protective innate and adaptive immune responses. While the advent of genomics has enabled new vaccine development and facilitated understanding of the immune response, proteomics identifies potentially new vaccine antigens with increasing speed and sensitivity. In addition, as proteomics is complementary to transcriptomic approaches, a combination of both approaches provides a more comprehensive view of the immune response after vaccination via systems vaccinology. This review details the advances that proteomic strategies have made in vaccine development and reviews how proteomics contributes to the development of a more complete understanding of human vaccines and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Afley P, Dohre SK, Prasad GBKS, Kumar S. Prediction of T cell epitopes of Brucella abortus and evaluation of their protective role in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7625-37. [PMID: 26150246 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellae are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that cause an important zoonotic disease called brucellosis. The animal vaccines are available but have disadvantage of causing abortions in a proportion of pregnant animals. The animal vaccines are also pathogenic to humans. Recent trend in vaccine design has shifted to epitope-based vaccines that are safe and specific. In this study, efforts were made to identify MHC-I- and MHC-II-restricted T cell epitopes of Brucella abortus and evaluate their vaccine potential in mice. The peptides were designed using online available immunoinformatics tools, and five MHC-I- and one MHC-II-restricted T cell peptides were selected on the basis of their ability to produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in in vivo studies. The selected peptides were co-administered with poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microparticles and evaluated for immunogenicity and protection in BALB/c mice. Mice immunized with peptides either entrapped in PLG microparticles (EPLG-Pep) or adsorbed on PLG particles (APLG-Pep) showed significantly higher splenocyte proliferation and IFN-γ generation to all selected peptides than the mice immunized with corresponding irrelevant peptides formulated PLG microparticles or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A significant protection compared to PBS control was also observed in EPLG-Pep and APLG-Pep groups. A plasmid DNA vaccine construct (pVaxPep) for peptides encoding DNA sequences was generated and injected to mice by in vivo electroporation. Significant protection was observed (1.66 protection units) when compared with PBS and empty vector control group animals. Overall, the MHC-I and MHC-II peptides identified in this study are immunogenic and protective in mouse model and support the feasibility of peptide-based vaccine for brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachiti Afley
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474002, India
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Simborio HLT, Lee JJ, Bernardo Reyes AW, Hop HT, Arayan LT, Min W, Lee HJ, Yoo HS, Kim S. Evaluation of the combined use of the recombinant Brucella abortus Omp10, Omp19 and Omp28 proteins for the clinical diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Microb Pathog 2015; 83-84:41-6. [PMID: 25988974 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are several serodiagnostic tools available for brucellosis, however, it is difficult to differentiate an active infection from vaccination. Hence, there is a great need to develop alternative means that can distinguish between these two conditions without utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study was an attempt to determine the efficacy of combined recombinant Brucella (B.) abortus outer membrane proteins (rOmps) and individual rOmps in the serodiagnosis of brucellosis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), utilizing both that standard tube agglutination test (TAT)-positive and -negative serum samples from Korean native cattle. The results are very interesting and promising because the combined rOmp antigens used in the study were highly reactive with the TAT-positive serum samples. The combined rOmps sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 215/232 (92.67%), 294/298 (98.66%) and 509/530 (96.04%), respectively. While these results are preliminary, the tests performed have very high potential in the serodiagnosis of brucellosis and likewise, the combined rOmps can be used for future vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Leah Tadeja Simborio
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Huynh Tan Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JJ, Simborio HL, Reyes AWB, Kim DG, Hop HT, Min W, Her M, Jung SC, Yoo HS, Kim S. Immunoproteomic identification of immunodominant antigens independent of the time of infection in Brucella abortus 2308-challenged cattle. Vet Res 2015; 46:17. [PMID: 25885057 PMCID: PMC4345015 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a vital zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which infects a wide range of animals and humans. Accurate diagnosis and reliable vaccination can control brucellosis in domestic animals. This study examined novel immunogenic proteins that can be used to detect Brucella abortus infection or as an effective subcellular vaccine. In an immunoproteomic assay, 55 immunodominant proteins from B. abortus 544 were observed using two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and immunoblot profiles with antisera from B. abortus-infected cattle at the early (week 3), middle (week 7), and late (week 10) periods, after excluding protein spots reacting with antisera from Yersinia enterocolitica O:9-infected and non-infected cattle. Twenty-three selected immunodominant proteins whose spots were observed at all three infection periods were identified using MALDI-MS/MS. Most of these proteins identified by immunoblot and mass spectrometry were determined by their subcellular localization and predicted function. We suggest that the detection of prominent immunogenic proteins during the infection period can support the development of advanced diagnostic methods with high specificity and accuracy; subsidiarily, these proteins can provide supporting data to aid in developing novel vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hannah Leah Simborio
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Geun Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huynh Tan Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Her
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Chan Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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36
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França S, Mol J, Costa E, Silva A, Xavier M, Tsolis R, Reis J, Paixão T, Santos R. Indirect ELISA for diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in rams. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella ovis is a major cause of epididymitis in sexually mature rams, resulting in subfertility, infertility, and economic losses for the sheep industry worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop an indirect ELISA (iELISA) using recombinant proteins, namely rBoP59 and rBP26, as antigens for serological diagnosis of B. ovisinfection. The BoP59 and BP26 recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Antigenicity was tested by Western blot and iELISA. Standardization of iELISA was performed with 500ng and 1µg BoP59 and rBP26 per well, testing serum from uninfected and experimentally infected rams. rBP26 was effective in distinguishing positive from negative rams. The rBP26 iELISA developed in this study is the first to use a completely purified rBP26 as antigen resulting in high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90.2%), and an overall accuracy equal to 1.0.
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Wareth G, Melzer F, Weise C, Neubauer H, Roesler U, Murugaiyan J. Proteomics-based identification of immunodominant proteins of Brucellae using sera from infected hosts points towards enhanced pathogen survival during the infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:202-6. [PMID: 25446124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brucella (B.) species lack classical virulence factors, but escape effectively the immune response of the host. The species Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis infect predominantly cattle and small ruminants such as sheep or goats, respectively, but account also for most human cases. These two species share remarkably similar genomes but different proteomes have been demonstrated. This might be one of the reasons for their host specificity. A comprehensive identification of immunodominant proteins of these two species using antibodies present in the serum of naturally infected ruminants might provide insight on the mechanism of their infection in different hosts. In the present study, whole-cell protein extracts of B. abortus and B. melitensis were separated using SDS-PAGE and western blotting was performed using field sera from cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats. Protein bands that matched with western blot signals were excised, digested with trypsin and subjected to protein identification using MALDI-TOF MS. Identified proteins included heat shock proteins, enzymes, binding proteins and hypothetical proteins. Antibodies against the same set of antigen were found for all species investigated, except for superoxide dismutase of B. melitensis for which antibodies were demonstrated only in sheep serum. Brucellae appear to express these proteins mainly for their survival in the host system during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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Immunoproteomics of Brucella abortus RB51 as candidate antigens in serological diagnosis of brucellosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lee JJ, Simborio HL, Reyes AWB, Kim DG, Hop HT, Min W, Her M, Jung SC, Yoo HS, Kim S. Proteomic analyses of the time course responses of mice infected with Brucella abortus 544 reveal immunogenic antigens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 357:164-74. [PMID: 24975114 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by pathogens of the genus Brucella. The eradication of brucellosis in domestic animals, associated with the prevention of human infection, can be attained through accurate diagnosis. However, the conventional serological diagnosis of brucellosis has limitations, particularly in detecting the infection period. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine reliable immunogenic proteins to detect Brucella abortus infection according to time course responses to aid in the appropriate management of this disease. Proteomic identification through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), followed by immunoblotting, revealed 13, 24, and 55 immunodominant B. abortus 544 proteins that were reactive to sera from experimentally infected mice at early (10 days), middle (30 days), and late (60 days) infection periods, respectively. After excluding several spots reactive to sera from Yersinia enterocolitica O:9-infected and noninfected mice, 17 of the 67 immunodominant proteins were identified through MALDI-TOF MS. Consequently, the identified proteins showed time course-dependent immunogenicity against Brucella infection. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the production of immunogenic proteins during infection periods improves the diagnosis and discovery of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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40
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Ceciliani F, Restelli L, Lecchi C. Proteomics in farm animals models of human diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:677-88. [PMID: 24595991 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The need to provide in vivo complex environments to understand human diseases strongly relies on the use of animal models, which traditionally include small rodents and rabbits. It is becoming increasingly evident that the few species utilised to date cannot be regarded as universal. There is a great need for new animal species that are naturally endowed with specific features relevant to human diseases. Farm animals, including pigs, cows, sheep and horses, represent a valid alternative to commonly utilised rodent models. There is an ample scope for the application of proteomic techniques in farm animals, and the establishment of several proteomic maps of plasma and tissue has clearly demonstrated that farm animals provide a disease environment that closely resembles that of human diseases. The present review offers a snapshot of how proteomic techniques have been applied to farm animals to improve their use as biomedical models. Focus will be on specific topics of biomedical research in which farm animal models have been characterised through the application of proteomic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Mammary Gland, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Wu Y, Jin Y, Pan W, Ye C, Sun X, Sun Y, Hu B, Zhou J. Comparative proteomics analysis of host cells infected with Brucella abortus A19. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1130-43. [PMID: 24519676 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a proteomic analysis of THP-1-derived macrophages with and without Brucella abortus A19 (B. abortus A19) infection in order to study the cellular responses to B. abortus A19. The proteins were analyzed at different time points after infection with 2DE followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. Comparative analysis of multiple 2DE gels revealed that the majority of changes in protein abundance appeared between 48 and 96 h after infection. MS identified 44 altered proteins, including 20 proteins increased in abundance and 24 proteins decreased in abundance, which were found to be involved in cytoskeleton, signal transduction, energy metabolism, host macromolecular biosynthesis, and stress response. Moreover, 22 genes corresponding to the altered proteins were quantified by real-time RT-PCR to examine the transcriptional profiles between infected and uninfected THP-1-derived macrophages. Finally, we mapped the altered pathways and networks using ingenuity pathway analysis, which suggested that the altered protein species were heavily favored germ cell-Sertoli cell junction signaling as the primary pathway. Furthermore, mechanisms of viral exit from host cell and macrophage stimulating protein-recepteur d'origine nantais signaling appeared to be major pathways modulated in infected cells. This study effectively provides useful dynamic protein-related information concerning B. abortus infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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42
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Han X, Tong Y, Tian M, Sun X, Wang S, Ding C, Yu S. Characterization of the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of malate dehydrogenase in Brucella abortus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2063-70. [PMID: 24609497 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes brucellosis, a chronic zoonotic disease resulting in abortion in pregnant cattle and undulant fever in humans. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays important metabolic roles in aerobic energy producing pathways and in malate shuttle. In this study, the MDH-encoding gene for malate dehydrogenase mdh of B. abortus S2308 was cloned, sequenced and expressed. Western blot analysis demonstrated that MDH is an immunogenic membrane-associated protein. In addition, recombinant MDH showed sero-reactivity with 30 individual bovine B. abortus-positive sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicates that MDH may be used as a candidate marker for sero-diagnosis of brucellosis. Furthermore, MDH exhibits fibronectin and plasminogen-binding ability in immunoblotting assay. Inhibition assays on HeLa cells demonstrated that rabbit anti-serum against MDH significantly reduced both bacterial adherence and invasion abilities (p < 0.05), suggesting that MDH play a role in B. abortus colonization. Our results indicated that MDH is not only an immunogenic protein, but is also related to bacterial pathogenesis and may act as a new virulent factor, which will benefit for further understanding the MDH's roles in B. abortus metabolism, pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
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Amperometric immunosensor of Brucella abortus CE-protein antigen shows post-zone phenomena. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Al Dahouk S, Jubier-Maurin V, Neubauer H, Köhler S. Quantitative analysis of the Brucella suis proteome reveals metabolic adaptation to long-term nutrient starvation. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:199. [PMID: 24007556 PMCID: PMC3844638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the infection process, bacteria are confronted with various stress factors including nutrient starvation. In an in vitro model, adaptation strategies of nutrient-starved brucellae, which are facultative intracellular pathogens capable of long-term persistence, were determined. RESULTS Long-term nutrient starvation in a medium devoid of carbon and nitrogen sources resulted in a rapid decline in viability of Brucella suis during the first three weeks, followed by stabilization of the number of viable bacteria for a period of at least three weeks thereafter. A 2D-Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) approach allowed the characterization of the bacterial proteome under these conditions. A total of 30 proteins showing altered concentrations in comparison with bacteria grown to early stationary phase in rich medium were identified. More than half of the 27 significantly regulated proteins were involved in bacterial metabolism with a marked reduction of the concentrations of enzymes participating in amino acid and nucleic acid biosynthesis. A total of 70% of the significantly regulated proteins showed an increased expression, including proteins involved in the adaptation to harsh conditions, in regulation, and in transport. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive response of Brucella suis most likely contributes to the long-term survival of the pathogen under starvation conditions, and may play a key role in persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Al Dahouk
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D-12277, Berlin Germany.
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45
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Jain S, Kumar S, Dohre S, Afley P, Sengupta N, Alam SI. Identification of a protective protein from stationary-phase exoproteome of Brucella abortus. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:75-83. [PMID: 23913725 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. No Brucella vaccine is available for use in humans, and existing animal vaccines have limitations. To search the putative vaccine candidates, we studied the exoproteome of Brucella abortus NCTC 10093 using 2-DE-MS approach. Twenty-six proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Outer membrane protein 25, d-galactose periplasmic-binding protein, oligopeptide ABC transporter protein and isopropylmalate synthase were found to be the most abundant proteins. Most proteins (6, 23%) were predicted to be involved in amino acid transport and metabolism followed by carbohydrate transport and metabolism (4, 15%). Outer membrane protein 25, Omp2b porin and one hypothetical protein were predicted as outer membrane proteins. In addition, Omp28, Omp31 and one ribosomal protein (L9) were also identified. The ribosomal protein L9 was produced as a recombinant protein and was studied in mouse model for vaccine potential. It was found to be immunogenic in terms of generating serum antibody response and release of IFN-γ from mice spleen cells. Recombinant L9-immunized mice were protected against challenge with virulent B. abortus strain 544, suggesting usefulness of ribosomal protein L9 as a good vaccine candidate against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Tiwari S, Kumar A, Thavaselvam D, Mangalgi S, Rathod V, Prakash A, Barua A, Arora S, Sathyaseelan K. Development and comparative evaluation of a plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant outer membrane antigens Omp28 and Omp31 for diagnosis of human brucellosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1217-22. [PMID: 23761658 PMCID: PMC3754501 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00111-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease of humans and livestock with worldwide distribution and is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The diagnosis of brucellosis always requires laboratory confirmation by either isolation of pathogens or detection of specific antibodies. The conventional serological tests available for the diagnosis of brucellosis are less specific and show cross-reactivity with other closely related organisms. These tests also necessitate the handling of Brucella species for antigen preparation. Therefore, there is a need to develop reliable, rapid, and user-friendly systems for disease diagnosis and alternatives to vaccine approaches. Keeping in mind the importance of brucellosis as an emerging infection and the prevalence in India, we carried out the present study to compare the recombinant antigens with the native antigens (cell envelope and sonicated antigen) of Brucella for diagnosis of human brucellosis by an indirect plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant outer membrane protein 28 (rOmp28) and rOmp31 antigens were cloned, expressed, and purified in the bacterial expression system, and the purified proteins were used as antigens. Indirect plate ELISAs were then performed and standardized for comparison of the reactivities of recombinant and native antigens against the 433 clinical samples submitted for brucellosis testing, 15 culture-positive samples, and 20 healthy donor samples. The samples were separated into four groups based on their positivity to rose bengal plate agglutination tests (RBPTs), standard tube agglutination tests (STATs), and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) tests. The sensitivities and specificities of all the antigens were calculated, and the rOmp28 antigen was found to be more suitable for the clinical diagnosis of brucellosis than the rOmp31 antigen and native antigens. The rOmp28-based ELISA showed a very high degree of agreement with the conventional agglutination tests and promising results for further use in clinical screening and serodiagnosis of human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Tiwari
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Ashu Kumar
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | | | - Smita Mangalgi
- Department of Microbiology, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Vedika Rathod
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Archana Prakash
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Anita Barua
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Sonia Arora
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Kannusamy Sathyaseelan
- Division of Microbiology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Smirnova EA, Vasin AV, Sandybaev NT, Klotchenko SA, Plotnikova MA, Chervyakova OV, Sansyzbay AR, Kiselev OI. Current Methods of Human and Animal Brucellosis Diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aid.2013.33026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics, has led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel based, array based, mass spectrometry, DNA based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Immunological responses to recombinant cysteine synthase A of Brucella abortus in BALB/c mice. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:907-13. [PMID: 23269507 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. No Brucella vaccine is available for use in humans, and existing animal vaccines have limitations. There is a need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against human and animal brucellosis. In the present study, we generated recombinant cysteine synthase A (rCysK) of Brucella abortus in Escherichia coli and purified it up to homogeneity by metal affinity chromatography. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of purified rCysK were evaluated in BALB/c mice with Freund's adjuvant, aluminium hydroxide gel or without any adjuvant. High titres of anti-rCysK IgG antibody predominated by IgG1 were observed in all immunized mice. After stimulation with rCysK, the spleen lymphocytes of mice immunized with CysK formulated with aluminium hydroxide gel produced significant levels of IFN-γ. Protection against challenge with virulent B. abortus strain 544 was determined in BALB/c mice, and significant protection was observed in all CysK immunized groups when compared with PBS control. Among all the CysK vaccine groups, comparatively better protection was observed in mice immunized with aluminium hydroxide gel (1.064 units of protection). Overall, the results of the study suggest that rCysK induces primarily Th2 type of immune response and provides partial protection against B. abortus challenge.
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Sustained and differential antibody responses to virulence proteins of Brucella melitensis during acute and chronic infections in human brucellosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 32:437-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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