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Ophélie B, Christelle R, Maxime R, Romuald R, Joëlle D. Chemerin abundance in egg white and its expression with receptors in extra-embryonic annexes of Pekin ducks: implications for embryo development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103997. [PMID: 39002372 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic mortality is a significant problem in the commercial duck industry worldwide. Therefore, identification of new biomarkers for duck embryo development is necessary. In the chicken (order Galliformes), we previously showed that chemerin is a hormone locally produced by the reproductive tract in hens, particularly in the magnum area, leading to its accumulation in the egg white and within the embryo annexes during embryonic development. We therefore hypothesized that the chemerin concentration in egg white could be a biomarker of egg performance and reproductive parameters in Pekin ducks (order Anseriformes). Thus, we collected eggs from Pekin ducks over a 5-d period at three stages of the laying period (before the laying peak, after the laying peak, and at the end of the laying period) to measure the chemerin concentrations in egg white by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The chemerin concentration in egg white decreased during the laying period and was not associated with reproductive parameters. We found negative correlations between the chemerin level in egg white and the albumen weight. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that chemerin and its three receptors CMKLR1, GPR1, and CCRL2 were expressed in the reproductive tract and within allantoic and amniotic annexes during embryo development. Chemerin concentrations strongly increased in amniotic fluid on embryonic day 16 (ED16) when the egg white was transferred into the amniotic sac. Finally, chemerin inhibition in egg white by in ovo injections of anti-chemerin antibodies (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg) increased the embryo mortality rate. These data demonstrate the important role of the chemerin system during egg formation and embryo development in Pekin ducks, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for determining the quality of poultry eggs and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardi Ophélie
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, Nouzilly F-37380, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Ramé Christelle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Reverchon Maxime
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Rouger Romuald
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Dupont Joëlle
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, Nouzilly F-37380, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly F-37380, France.
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Gast RK, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Salmonella in eggs and egg-laying chickens: pathways to effective control. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:39-63. [PMID: 36583653 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eggs contaminated with Salmonella have been internationally significant sources of human illness for several decades. Most egg-associated illness has been attributed to Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, but a few other serovars (notably S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium) are also sometimes implicated. The edible interior contents of eggs typically become contaminated with S. Enteritidis because the pathogen's unique virulence attributes enable it to colonize reproductive tissues in systemically infected laying hens. Other serovars are more commonly associated with surface contamination of eggshells. Both research and field experience have demonstrated that the most effective overall Salmonella control strategy in commercial laying flocks is the application of multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle. At the preharvest (egg production) level, intervention options of demonstrated efficacy include vaccination and gastrointestinal colonization control via treatments such as prebiotics, probiotics, and bacteriophages, Effective environmental management of housing systems used for commercial laying flocks is also essential for minimizing opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of Salmonella in laying flocks. At the postharvest (egg processing and handling) level, careful regulation of egg storage temperatures is critical for limiting Salmonella multiplication inside the interior contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Bernardi O, Ramé C, Reverchon M, Dupont J. Expression of chemerin and its receptors in extra-embryonic annexes and role of chemerin and its GPR1 receptor in embryo development in layer and broiler hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103339. [PMID: 38118220 PMCID: PMC10753086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive genetic selection of broiler breeders and layer hens resulted in differences in the mechanisms of growth and also in cell metabolism during embryogenesis. Previous research has shown that an adipokine named chemerin and one of these receptors, CMKLR1 were potentially involved in broiler embryo development. Here, our objectives were 1) to compare the expression of chemerin and its receptors CMKLR1, GPR1, and CCRL2 and chemerin concentration in extra-embryonic annexes (allantoic and amniotic membranes and fluids and plasma) in broiler and layer fertile eggs during the development (embryonic day (ED) 7, 14, and 18) by RT-qPCR and specific chicken ELISA and 2) to investigate the role of chemerin and one of its receptors GPR1 in embryo development after in ovo injections of neutralizing antibodies against chicken chemerin and GPR1. We found that chemerin expression in amniotic membranes was higher in layer than broiler eggs at ED7 and ED14 whereas the expression of the 3 receptors was higher in layer than broiler in the allantoic membranes at ED14 and ED18. Chemerin concentration was more important in layer than broiler at ED14 and ED18 in amniotic liquid and at all the studied stages in blood plasma. We also showed positive correlation between amniotic chemerin concentration and chemerin amniotic membrane expression, chemerin plasma concentration and embryo body weight in both breeds. Finally, in ovo injection of chicken chemerin and GPR1 neutralizing antibodies increased embryo mortality in both layer and broiler eggs. Taken together, even if chemerin concentration and chemerin system expression in embryonic membranes are mainly higher expressed in layer than in broiler, chemerin potentially through GPR1 could promote embryo development in both breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bernardi
- French Poultry and Aquaculture Breeders Technical Center, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors, UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors, UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- French Poultry and Aquaculture Breeders Technical Center, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors, UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Těšický M, Schmiedová L, Krajzingrová T, Samblas MG, Bauerová P, Kreisinger J, Vinkler M. Nearly (?) sterile avian egg in a passerine bird. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiad164. [PMID: 38115624 PMCID: PMC10791042 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During early ontogeny, microbiome affects development of the gastrointestinal tract, immunity, and survival in vertebrates. Bird eggs are thought to be (1) initially sterile (sterile egg hypothesis) and (2) colonized after oviposition through horizontal trans-shell migration, or (3) initially seeded with bacteria by vertical transfer from mother oviduct. To date, however, little empirical data illuminate the contribution of these mechanisms to gut microbiota formation in avian embryos. We investigated microbiome of the egg content (day 0; E0-egg), embryonic gut at day 13 (E13) and female faeces in a free-living passerine, the great tit (Parus major), using a methodologically advanced procedure combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbe-specific qPCR assays. Our metabarcoding revealed that the avian egg is (nearly) sterile, but acquires a slightly richer microbiome during the embryonic development. Of the three potentially pathogenic bacteria targeted by qPCR, only Dietzia was found in E0-egg (yet also in negative controls), E13 gut and female samples, which might indicate possible vertical transfer. Unlike in poultry, we have shown that major bacterial colonization of the gut in passerines does not occur before hatching. We emphasize that protocols that carefully check for environmental contamination are critical in studies with low-bacterial biomass samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Těšický
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
- Institute of Paleonatomy, Domestification Research and History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maxmilian University of Munich, Kaulbachstr. 37 III, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucie Schmiedová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Krajzingrová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Gomez Samblas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Profesor Adolfo Rancano, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Petra Bauerová
- Division of Air Quality, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
, Tušimice Observatory, Tušimice 6, 432 01 Kadaň, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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Bernardi O, Bourdon G, Estienne A, Brossaud A, Ramé C, Reverchon M, Dupont J. Adipokines expression in reproductive tract, egg white and embryonic annexes in hen. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102908. [PMID: 37478623 PMCID: PMC10387612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, molecules mainly secreted by white adipose tissue named adipokines are also synthetized locally in the reproductive tract and are able to influence reproductive functions. In avian species, previous studies indicated that the adipokine chemerin is highly abundant in the albumen, compared to the yolk and this was associated to high chemerin expression in the magnum. In addition, the authors observed that chemerin and its receptors are expressed by allantoic and amniotic membranes and chemerin is present in fluids during the embryo development. Here, we studied other adipokines, including adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, and adipolin in egg white and their known receptors in the active (egg-laying hen) and regressed (hen not laying) oviduct and embryonic annexes during embryo development. By using Western blot, RT-qPCR analysis and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated the expression of different adipokines in the egg albumen (visfatin) and the reproductive tract (adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, adipolin, and their cognate receptors) according the position of egg in the oviduct. We showed that the expression of adipokines and adipokines receptors was strongly reduced in the regressed oviducts (arrested laying hen). Results indicated that visfatin and adiponectin appeared at ED11 to 14 and increased until ED18 in amniotic fluid whereas it was found from ED7 and was unchanged during embryo development in allantoic fluid. Taken together, adipokines and their receptors are expressed in the egg white, the reproductive tract and the embryonic annexes. Data obtained suggest important functions of theses metabolic hormones during the chicken embryo development. Thus, adipokines could be potential biomarkers to improve the embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bernardi
- SYSAAF French Poultry and Aquaculture Breeders Technical Center, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute Val de Loire Center, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior Unit, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Guillaume Bourdon
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior Unit, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior Unit, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Adeline Brossaud
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior Unit, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior Unit, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF French Poultry and Aquaculture Breeders Technical Center, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute Val de Loire Center, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Horse and Riding Institute, Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment Institute, Tours University, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior Unit, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Chen R, Jin H, Pan J, Zeng Q, Lv X, Xia J, Ma J, Shi M, Jin Y. Underlying mechanisms of egg white thinning in hot spring eggs during storage: Weak gel properties and quantitative proteome analysis. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113157. [PMID: 37689846 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
As a weakly gelling protein, hot spring egg white underwent thinning during storage. This study explored the mechanism of thinning in hot spring egg white from the perspective of "gel structure and protein composition" using quantitative proteomics, SEM, SDS-PAGE, and other techniques. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that there were 81 (44 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated) key proteins related to thinning of hot spring egg white. The changes in the relative abundance of proteins such as ovalbumin-related Y, mucin-6, lysozyme, ovomucoid, and ovotransferrin might be important reasons for thinning in hot spring egg white. SEM results indicated that the gel network gradually became regular and uniform, with large pores appearing on the cross-section and being pierced. Along with the decrease in intermolecular electrostatic repulsion, protein molecules gradually aggregated. The particle size gradually increased from 139.1 nm to 422.5 nm. Meanwhile, the surface hydrophobicity, and disulfide bond content gradually increased. These changes might be the reasons for thinning in hot spring egg white during storage. It can provide a new perspective for studying the thinning mechanism of weakly gelling egg whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haobo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiajing Pan
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiyu Xia
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Manqi Shi
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sarantidi E, Ainatzoglou A, Papadimitriou C, Stamoula E, Maghiorou K, Miflidi A, Trichopoulou A, Mountzouris KC, Anagnostopoulos AK. Egg White and Yolk Protein Atlas: New Protein Insights of a Global Landmark Food. Foods 2023; 12:3470. [PMID: 37761179 PMCID: PMC10528800 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The chicken egg is an animal product of great agronomic interest. The egg white and yolk constitute high-quality protein sources for humans with high digestibility and well-balanced amino acid profiles. Despite the egg white and yolk protein's undisputed value, research to unravel their full proteome content and its properties is still ongoing. We aimed to exhaustively analyze the proteome of egg white and yolk by applying intrinsic proteomics and bioinformatics approaches in order to unravel the full protein potential of this landmark food. (2) Methods: A total of 45 freshly laid, unfertilized, chicken eggs were subjected to nanoLC-MS/MS Orbitrap analysis following a peptide pre-fractionation step. A comprehensive bioinformatics processing step was undertaken towards elucidating potential activities and roles of identified molecules. In parallel, the literature was mined concerning all reported egg white and yolk protein identifications. (3) Results: Our analysis revealed 371 and 428 new proteins, reported for the first time to be present in the egg white and yolk, respectively. From the bioactivity standpoint, egg white and yolk proteins showed high enrichment for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory processes, while exerting high relevance for the apoptosis and focal adhesion pathways. (4) Conclusions: Egg white and yolk proteins exert diverse and multifaceted properties. A total of 799 proteins were reported for the first time as being part of the egg and yolk. Our novel protein data enriched those already published in the literature and the first ever chicken egg white and yolk Protein Atlas, comprising 1392 protein entries, was generated. This dataset will provide a cornerstone reference for future studies involving egg proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Sarantidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ainatzoglou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Papadimitriou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Maghiorou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Miflidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Gong H, Wang T, Wu M, Chu Q, Lan H, Lang W, Zhu L, Song Y, Zhou Y, Wen Q, Yu J, Wang B, Zheng X. Maternal effects drive intestinal development beginning in the embryonic period on the basis of maternal immune and microbial transfer in chickens. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 36869365 PMCID: PMC9983169 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition drives immunity and health in animals, and maternal immunity benefits offspring. In our previous study, a nutritional intervention strategy was found to promote the immunity of hens, which subsequently improved immunity and growth in offspring chicks. Maternal effects clearly exist, but how are mothers' immune advantages transferred to their offspring, and how do they benefit them? RESULTS Here, we traced the beneficial effects back to the process of egg formation in the reproductive system, and we focused on the embryonic intestinal transcriptome and development, as well as on maternal microbial transfer in offspring. We found that maternal nutritional intervention benefits maternal immunity, egg hatching, and offspring growth. The results of protein and gene quantitative assays showed that the transfer of immune factors into egg whites and yolks depends on maternal levels. Histological observations indicated that the promotion of offspring intestinal development begins in the embryonic period. Microbiota analyses suggested that maternal microbes transfer to the embryonic gut from the magnum to the egg white. Transcriptome analyses revealed that offspring embryonic intestinal transcriptome shifts are related to development and immunity. Moreover, correlation analyses showed that the embryonic gut microbiota is correlated with the intestinal transcriptome and development. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that maternal immunity positively influences offspring intestinal immunity establishment and intestinal development beginning in the embryonic period. Adaptive maternal effects might be accomplished via the transfer of relatively large amounts of maternal immune factors and by shaping of the reproductive system microbiota by strong maternal immunity. Moreover, reproductive system microbes may be useful resources for the promotion of animal health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security (Jilin Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Taiping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Qianran Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Wuying Lang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Lingyu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Qiongyi Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Baolin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security (Jilin Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118 China
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9
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Wolfer JD, Minkoff BB, Sussman MR. Mass spectrometric based analysis of whole eggs dissolved in formic acid. Food Chem 2022; 405:134846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Meng Y, Qiu N, Guyonnet V, Mine Y. Unveiling and application of the chicken egg proteome: An overview on a two-decade achievement. Food Chem 2022; 393:133403. [PMID: 35689922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Egg proteins are not only the most complete and ideal form of protein for human or embryo nutrition but also play the vital role in the food industry. Egg proteins are subjected to many potential changes under various conditions, which may further alter the nutritional value, physicochemical-properties, and bioactivities of proteins. Recent advances in our understanding of the proteome of raw egg matrix from different species and dynamic changes occurring during storage and incubation are developing rapidly. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the main characteristics of chicken egg proteome, covering all its components and applications under various conditions, such as markers detection, egg quality evaluation, genetic and biological unknown identification, and embryonic nutritional supplementation, which not only contributes to our in-depth understanding of each constituent functionality of proteome, but also provides information to increase the value to egg industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Vincent Guyonnet
- FFI Consulting Ltd, 2488 Lyn Road, Brockville, ON K6V 5T3, Canada
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Mahdipour E, Mequanint K. Films, Gels and Electrospun Fibers from Serum Albumin Globular Protein for Medical Device Coating, Biomolecule Delivery and Regenerative Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2306. [PMID: 36365125 PMCID: PMC9698923 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is a natural biomaterial that is abundantly available in blood and body fluids. It is clinically used as a plasma expander, thereby increasing the plasma thiol concentration due to its cysteine residues. Albumin is a regulator of intervascular oncotic pressure, serves as an anti-inflammatory modulator, and it has a buffering role due to its histidine imidazole residues. Because of its unique biological and physical properties, albumin has also emerged as a suitable biomaterial for coating implantable devices, for cell and drug delivery, and as a scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As a biomaterial, albumin can be used as surface-modifying film or processed either as cross-linked protein gels or as electrospun fibers. Herein we have discussed how albumin protein can be utilized in regenerative medicine as a hydrogel and as a fibrous mat for a diverse role in successfully delivering drugs, genes, and cells to targeted tissues and organs. The review of prior studies indicated that albumin is a tunable biomaterial from which different types of scaffolds with mechanical properties adjustable for various biomedical applications can be fabricated. Based on the progress made to date, we concluded that albumin-based device coatings, delivery of drugs, genes, and cells are promising strategies in regenerative and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mahdipour
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, University Ave., Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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12
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Quantitative proteomics provides a new perspective on the mechanism of network structure depolymerization during egg white thinning. Food Chem 2022; 392:133320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Bernardi O, Reverchon M, Estienne A, Baumard Y, Ramé C, Brossaud A, Combarnous Y, Froment P, Dupont J. Chicken white egg chemerin as a tool for genetic selection for egg weight and hen fertility. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012212. [PMID: 36176771 PMCID: PMC9513417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo mortality rate, which can reach up to 40% in avian species, is a major issue for breeding. It is therefore important to identify new embryo development biomarkers for genetic selection to improve reproductive performances. We have recently shown that chemerin is expressed in the oviductal hen magnum, accumulates in egg white, is correlated with embryo survival and could thus be used as a molecular marker of embryo development. Eggs from seven hen breeds (n = 70) were collected during five successive days at the end of the laying period. After weighing eggs, yolk and albumen, an egg white sample from each egg was collected and a blood sample was taken from each hen. Chemerin concentrations in albumen and blood samples were measured by a specific home made ELISA assay. Hen's plasma and egg's albumen chemerin levels were found to be correlated with reproductive parameters such as fecundity, fertility, embryo mortality, hatchability and laying rates. The inter-hen chemerin level variability in albumen was higher than intra-hen except for one breed (R+). We observed significantly different levels of chemerin in egg white between breeds. However, chemerin concentrations in egg white were not significantly associated to variations of hen plasma chemerin levels. Interestingly, we observed negative correlations between albumen chemerin concentrations and egg weight (r = -0.43, p = 0.001), between albumen weight (r = -0.40, p = 0.002), and between yolk weight (r = -0.28, p = 0.03). We also showed negative correlations between egg white chemerin concentrations and fecundity (r = -0.32, p = 0.011) and fertility (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) whereas no significant correlation was observed with the laying rate. Taken together, these results suggest that egg white chemerin concentration might be a good biomarker for genetic selection for egg weight and fertility in hens, provided these data are confirmed on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bernardi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Baumard
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale Pôle D’expérimentation Avicole de Tours, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Brossaud
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
| | - Yves Combarnous
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Paris, France
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14
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Supplementation of Boswellia serrata and Salix alba Extracts during the Early Laying Phase: Effects on Serum and Albumen Proteins, Trace Elements, and Yolk Cholesterol. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162014. [PMID: 36009605 PMCID: PMC9404453 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Boswellia serrata (Bs) and Salix alba (Sa) are used as supplements in poultry feed. The aims of this research were to study the possible effects of dietary supplementation with Bs and Sa extracts on serum and albumen proteins, zinc and iron, and yolk cholesterol content in Leghorn hens during the critical phase of the onset of laying. A total of 120 pullets, 17 weeks of age, were assigned to two groups (control (C) and treated (T), n = 60 each). The T group received a supplement containing Bs (5%) and Sa (5%) for 12 weeks. The study lasted 19 weeks. Serum proteins were fractionated using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Trace elements were determined in serum using atomic absorption spectrometry, and yolk cholesterol was determined using a colorimetric test. No significant differences were observed between control and supplemented hens for the analyzed biochemical indices. Moreover, the supplementation with phytoextracts did not negatively affect the physiological variations in serum proteins; therefore, it can be safely used as a treatment to prevent inflammatory states at onset and during the early laying phase.
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Moreau T, Gautron J, Hincke MT, Monget P, Réhault-Godbert S, Guyot N. Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides in Avian Eggshell: Structural Diversity and Potential Roles in Biomineralization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946428. [PMID: 35967448 PMCID: PMC9363672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcitic avian eggshell provides physical protection for the embryo during its development, but also regulates water and gaseous exchange, and is a calcium source for bone mineralization. The calcified eggshell has been extensively investigated in the chicken. It is characterized by an inventory of more than 900 matrix proteins. In addition to proteins involved in shell mineralization and regulation of its microstructure, the shell also contains numerous antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPPs) including lectin-like proteins, Bacterial Permeability Increasing/Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein/PLUNC family proteins, defensins, antiproteases, and chelators, which contribute to the innate immune protection of the egg. In parallel, some of these proteins are thought to be crucial determinants of the eggshell texture and its resulting mechanical properties. During the progressive solubilization of the inner mineralized eggshell during embryonic development (to provide calcium to the embryo), some antimicrobials may be released simultaneously to reinforce egg defense and protect the egg from contamination by external pathogens, through a weakened eggshell. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diversity of avian eggshell AMPPs, their three-dimensional structures and their mechanism of antimicrobial activity. The published chicken eggshell proteome databases are integrated for a comprehensive inventory of its AMPPs. Their biochemical features, potential dual function as antimicrobials and as regulators of eggshell biomineralization, and their phylogenetic evolution will be described and discussed with regard to their three-dimensional structural characteristics. Finally, the repertoire of chicken eggshell AMPPs are compared to orthologs identified in other avian and non-avian eggshells. This approach sheds light on the similarities and differences exhibited by AMPPs, depending on bird species, and leads to a better understanding of their sequential or dual role in biomineralization and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Moreau
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Guyot, ; Thierry Moreau,
| | - Joël Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Monget
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Nicolas Guyot
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Guyot, ; Thierry Moreau,
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16
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The Two Domains of the Avian Double-β-Defensin AvBD11 Have Different Ancestors, Common with Potential Monodomain Crocodile and Turtle Defensins. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050690. [PMID: 35625418 PMCID: PMC9138766 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Vertebrate defensins are a multigene family of antimicrobial peptides that evolved following a series of gene duplication and divergence events during the expansion of vertebrates. In birds, the repertoire of avian defensins contains an atypical defensin, namely AvBD11 (avian beta-defensin 11), which consists of two repeated but divergent defensin units (or domains) while most vertebrate defensins only possess one unit. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary scenario leading to the formation of this double defensin in birds by comparing each defensin unit of AvBD11 with other defensins from birds and closely related reptiles (crocodile, turtles) predicted to have a single defensin unit. Our most outstanding results suggest that the double defensin AvBD11 probably appeared following a fusion of two ancestral genes or from an ancestral double defensin, but not from a recent internal duplication as it can be observed in other types of proteins with domain repeats. Abstract Beta-defensins are an essential group of cysteine-rich host-defence peptides involved in vertebrate innate immunity and are generally monodomain. Among bird defensins, the avian β-defensin 11 (AvBD11) is unique because of its peculiar structure composed of two β-defensin domains. The reasons for the appearance of such ‘polydefensins’ during the evolution of several, but not all branches of vertebrates, still remain an open question. In this study, we aimed at exploring the origin and evolution of the bird AvBD11 using a phylogenetic approach. Although they are homologous, the N- and C-terminal domains of AvBD11 share low protein sequence similarity and possess different cysteine spacing patterns. Interestingly, strong variations in charge properties can be observed on the C-terminal domain depending on bird species but, despite this feature, no positive selection was detected on the AvBD11 gene (neither on site nor on branches). The comparison of AvBD11 protein sequences in different bird species, however, suggests that some amino acid residues may have undergone convergent evolution. The phylogenetic tree of avian defensins revealed that each domain of AvBD11 is distant from ovodefensins (OvoDs) and may have arisen from different ancestral defensins. Strikingly, our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that each domain of AvBD11 has common ancestors with different putative monodomain β-defensins from crocodiles and turtles and are even more closely related with these reptilian defensins than with their avian paralogs. Our findings support that AvBD11′s domains, which differ in their cysteine spacing and charge distribution, do not result from a recent internal duplication but most likely originate from a fusion of two different ancestral genes or from an ancestral double-defensin arisen before the Testudines-Archosauria split.
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Wadood AA, Pu L, Shahzad Q, Waqas M, Yu L, Liao Y, Rehman SU, Chen D, Huang Z, Lu Y. Proteomic analysis identifies potential markers in small white and small yellow follicle development in chickens. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:516-525. [PMID: 35296374 DOI: 10.1071/rd21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive knowledge of follicular development is imperative for improving egg production in chickens. The functional role of follicles to produce oocytes (eggs) is well recognised; however, specific markers associated with follicle development have been poorly explored. Therefore, a tandem mass tag based proteomic technique was used to identify the status of the proteome of small white follicles (1-4mm) and small yellow follicles (6-8mm). Analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEP, Fold Change>1.2, P -value<0.05) demonstrated a total of 92 proteins (n =92), of which 35 (n =35) were upregulated and 57 were downregulated. DEP were further used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The GO analysis found that DEP were mainly associated with the RNA metabolic process, cellular component organisation, peptide biosynthetic process and protein folding, thereby suggesting a key role in the follicle development process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathway analysis of the DEP substantiated the findings of GO analysis and described that DEP are involved in regulation of the cytoskeleton, carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. The validation of proteomic data through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction suggested HSPA8, HSPA2, SOD1 and FKPB3 as potential markers of small white and small yellow follicle development. This study demonstrates an understanding of proteome dynamics and represents the most comprehensive information on the entire Guangxi Ma chicken follicular proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armughan Ahmed Wadood
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qaisar Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lintian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Pires E, Carvalho LDC, Shimada I, McCullagh J. Human Blood and Bird Egg Proteins Identified in Red Paint Covering a 1000-Year-Old Gold Mask from Peru. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5212-5217. [PMID: 34582218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed a red paint sample from the surface of a gold mask excavated from a Middle Sicán elite tomb in Peru. The mask covered the face of the principal male and dates from ca. 1000 AD, a period when many painted precious metal objects were produced. The paint's inorganic pigment was identified more than 30 years ago as cinnabar (a mercuric sulfide scarlet-red to brown-red mineral), but the identity of the effective organic binder remained a mystery. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the sample indicated a proteinaceous composition, and no lipids were recovered from an N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatized extract of the sample analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Proteomics analysis by nanoLC-MS/MS identified unique peptides in the sample, which were matched to human blood and bird egg proteins via Uniprot database searches. These included immunoglobulin heavy chain, immunoglobulin G, serum albumin, and ovomucoid. Cinnabar-based paints were typically used in the context of social elites and ritually important items. The presence of human blood would support previous ideas that red cinnabar paint may represent "life force" intended to support "rebirth". As the red paint sample came from the first scientifically excavated Sicán gold mask, the results suggest a method to authenticate similar unprovenanced masks now in private and museum collections. Proteomics data set identifier https://doi.org/10.5287/bodleian:1ajYbBgQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Pires
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - Izumi Shimada
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6899, United States
| | - James McCullagh
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Effect of Laying Hen Genotype, Age and Some Interior Egg Quality Traits on Lysozyme Content. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of eggs laid by native breed hens of different ages (33 and 53 weeks of age), with particular consideration of the lysozyme parameters. Eggs were collected from 6 breeds/strains of laying hens under the genetic resources conservation in Poland, i.e. Greenleg Partridge (Z-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33), Rhode Island Red (R-11), Rhode Island White (A-33), Sussex (S-66) and Leghorn (H-22). The yolks of eggs from older hens had a more favourable, intense colour, but the freshness parameters (albumen height and Haugh units) of these eggs were lower. The albumen of eggs from older hens showed greater content and higher enzymatic activity of lysozyme in both thin and thick albumen. Among the six strains of hens, lysozyme content and enzymatic activity were highest in the egg albumen of strains Ż-33, Z-11 and R-11, and lowest in that of strain H-22. The analysed eggs showed statistically significant correlations between some interior egg quality traits (albumen weight, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk colour) and the discussed enzyme parameters. These traits are influenced by genotype and age of the hens.
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Le Roy N, Stapane L, Gautron J, Hincke MT. Evolution of the Avian Eggshell Biomineralization Protein Toolkit - New Insights From Multi-Omics. Front Genet 2021; 12:672433. [PMID: 34046059 PMCID: PMC8144736 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.672433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian eggshell is a remarkable biomineral, which is essential for avian reproduction; its properties permit embryonic development in the desiccating terrestrial environment, and moreover, are critically important to preserve unfertilized egg quality for human consumption. This calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bioceramic is made of 95% calcite and 3.5% organic matrix; it protects the egg contents against microbial penetration and mechanical damage, allows gaseous exchange, and provides calcium for development of the embryonic skeleton. In vertebrates, eggshell occurs in the Sauropsida and in a lesser extent in Mammalia taxa; avian eggshell calcification is one of the fastest known CaCO3 biomineralization processes, and results in a material with excellent mechanical properties. Thus, its study has triggered a strong interest from the researcher community. The investigation of eggshell biomineralization in birds over the past decades has led to detailed characterization of its protein and mineral constituents. Recently, our understanding of this process has been significantly improved using high-throughput technologies (i.e., proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and bioinformatics). Presently, more or less complete eggshell proteomes are available for nine birds, and therefore, key proteins that comprise the eggshell biomineralization toolkit are beginning to be identified. In this article, we review current knowledge on organic matrix components from calcified eggshell. We use these data to analyze the evolution of selected matrix proteins and underline their role in the biological toolkit required for eggshell calcification in avian species. Amongst the panel of eggshell-associated proteins, key functional domains are present such as calcium-binding, vesicle-binding and protein-binding. These technical advances, combined with progress in mineral ultrastructure analyses, have opened the way for new hypotheses of mineral nucleation and crystal growth in formation of the avian eggshell, including transfer of amorphous CaCO3 in vesicles from uterine cells to the eggshell mineralization site. The enrichment of multi-omics datasets for bird species is critical to understand the evolutionary context for development of CaCO3 biomineralization in metazoans, leading to the acquisition of the robust eggshell in birds (and formerly dinosaurs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maxwell T Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sah N, Kuehu DL, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Jha R, Wasti S, Mishra B. RNA sequencing-based analysis of the magnum tissues revealed the novel genes and biological pathways involved in the egg-white formation in the laying hen. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:318. [PMID: 33932994 PMCID: PMC8088581 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens is tightly controlled; each segment of the oviduct contributes a unique component of the egg. Several genes/proteins are involved in the synthesis of a completely healthy egg. This implies a time- and tissue-specific expression of genes and proteins in the different oviductal segments. We used hens at different physiological stages and time points to understand the transcriptional regulation of egg-white (albumen) synthesis and secretion onto the eggs in the magnum of laying hens. This study used Next-Generation Sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect the novel genes and the cognate biological pathways that regulate the major events during the albumen formation. Results Magnum tissues collected from laying (n = 5 each at 3 h post-ovulation, p.o. and 15–20 h p.o.), non-laying (n = 4), and molting (n = 5) hens were used for differential gene expression analyses. A total of 540 genes (152 upregulated and 388 down-regulated) were differentially expressed at 3 h p.o. in the magnum of laying hens. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis of the 152 upregulated genes revealed that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism was the most-enriched biological pathway. Furthermore, the top two most enriched keywords for the upregulated genes were amino-acid biosynthesis and proteases. Nine candidate genes associated with albumen formation were validated with qPCR to have differential expression in laying, non-laying, and molting hens. Proteases such as TMPRSS9, CAPN2, MMP1, and MMP9 (protein maturation, ECM degradation, and angiogenesis); enzymes such as PSPH, PHGDH, and PSAT1 (amino-acid biosynthesis); RLN3, ACE, and REN (albumen synthesis, secretion and egg transport); and AVD, AvBD11, and GPX3 (antimicrobial and antioxidants) were recognized as essential molecules linked to albumen deposition in the magnum. Conclusions This study revealed some novel genes that participate in the signaling pathways for egg-white synthesis and secretion along with some well-known functional genes. These findings help to understand the mechanisms involved in albumen biosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07634-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvay Sah
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, 96822, Honolulu, USA
| | - Donna Lee Kuehu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Vedbar Singh Khadka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, 96822, Honolulu, USA
| | - Sanjeev Wasti
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, 96822, Honolulu, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, 96822, Honolulu, USA.
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Legros J, Jan S, Bonnassie S, Gautier M, Croguennec T, Pezennec S, Cochet MF, Nau F, Andrews SC, Baron F. The Role of Ovotransferrin in Egg-White Antimicrobial Activity: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:823. [PMID: 33920211 PMCID: PMC8070150 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a whole food which affordably support human nutritional requirements worldwide. Eggs strongly resist bacterial infection due to an arsenal of defensive systems, many of which reside in the egg white. However, despite improved control of egg production and distribution, eggs remain a vehicle for foodborne transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, which continues to represent a major public health challenge. It is generally accepted that iron deficiency, mediated by the iron-chelating properties of the egg-white protein ovotransferrin, has a key role in inhibiting infection of eggs by Salmonella. Ovotransferrin has an additional antibacterial activity beyond iron-chelation, which appears to depend on direct interaction with the bacterial cell surface, resulting in membrane perturbation. Current understanding of the antibacterial role of ovotransferrin is limited by a failure to fully consider its activity within the natural context of the egg white, where a series relevant environmental factors (such as alkalinity, high viscosity, ionic composition, and egg white protein interactions) may exert significant influence on ovotransferrin activity. This review provides an overview of what is known and what remains to be determined regarding the antimicrobial activity of ovotransferrin in egg white, and thus enhances understanding of egg safety through improved insight of this key antimicrobial component of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Legros
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK;
| | - Sophie Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- UFR Sciences de la vie et de L’environnement, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Michel Gautier
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Thomas Croguennec
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Stéphane Pezennec
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Marie-Françoise Cochet
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Françoise Nau
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Simon C. Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK;
| | - Florence Baron
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
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23
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Zhen Y, Chen L, Ma X, Ding G, Zhang D, Chen Q. β-Amyloid Peptide 1-42-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Isolation and Purification of Glycoproteins in Egg White. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14028-14036. [PMID: 33730480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aβ1-42-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles, Aβ1-42@MNP, were prepared by covalently coupling Aβ1-42 to hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified magnetic nanoparticles via N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Aβ1-42's high binding capacity to glycosyl groups facilitates Aβ1-42@MNP composite to be a promising selective adsorbent for glycoproteins in egg whites. In our study, under conditions of pH 4.0, the adsorption efficiency of Aβ1-42@MNP composite for ovalbumin (100 μg mL-1) was 98.4% and its maximum adsorption capacity was 344.8 mg g -1; under the condition of pH 4.0 and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl, its adsorption efficiencies for ovalbumin and ovotransferrin were 96.9% and 60.0%, respectively. According to these primary data, in practice, ovalbumin was removed from egg white by Aβ1-42@MNP composite at pH 4.0 (step I), and then after adding NaCl until the final salt concentration reached 200 mmol L-1 (pretreated egg white), we utilized the same adsorbent to further isolate/purify glycoproteins (step II). SDS-PAGE results showed that Aβ1-42@MNP composite could largely remove ovalbumin in step I and could isolate/purify the remaining ovalbumin and ovotransferrin in step II. LC-MS/MS analysis results showed that the removal of ovalbumin reduced its percentage in egg white samples from 32.93% to 11.05% in step I and the remaining ovalbumin and ovotransferrin were enriched in step II, where the final percentage reached 11.6% and 12.6%, respectively. In summary, 81 protein species were identified after two-step extraction with Aβ1-42@MNP on egg white, while only 46 protein species were identified directly from raw egg white without any pretreatment. This work well illustrates the excellent adsorption performance of Aβ1-42@MNP composite to glycoproteins and its potential in the application of proteomic studies on low-abundance proteins in egg white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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24
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Renzone G, Novi G, Scaloni A, Arena S. Monitoring aging of hen egg by integrated quantitative peptidomic procedures. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110010. [PMID: 33648242 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions and timing of egg storage highly affect raw material quality. Aging and endogenous processing of constituent proteins can determine important changes in specific functions and technological properties of inner egg compartments. We here used integrated peptidomic procedures to identify peptide markers of egg freshness. At first, peptides extracted from egg white and yolk plasma taken from eggs stored for different times were subjected to a label-free untargeted quantitation procedure based on nanoLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, which identified 836 and 1974 unique variable molecules, respectively. By applying stringent criteria for filtering data, 30 and 66 putative egg aging markers were selected for egg white and yolk plasma, respectively. Proposed molecules were then validated through a targeted label-free parallel reaction monitoring procedure based on nanoLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, confirming quantitative trends for 19 and 25 peptides in egg white and yolk plasma, respectively, and generating a robust panel of egg storage markers. Quantitative results reflected physico-chemical phenomena occurring in egg compartments during storage and offered essential information for the development of novel control procedures to assess quality features of fresh/stored raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples 80147, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Novi
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples 80147, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples 80147, Italy.
| | - Simona Arena
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples 80147, Italy.
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25
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Cochet MF, Baron F, Bonnassie S, Jan S, Leconte N, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Gautier M, Andrews SC, Guérin-Dubiard C, Nau F. Identification of New Antimicrobial Peptides that Contribute to the Bactericidal Activity of Egg White against Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis at 45 °C. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2118-2128. [PMID: 33561347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A recent work revealed that egg white (EW) at 45 °C exhibits powerful bactericidal activity against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, which is surprisingly little affected by removal of the >10 kDa EW proteins. Here, we sought to identify the major EW factors responsible for this bactericidal activity by fractionating EW using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration and by characterizing the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the resulting fractions. In particular, 22 peptides were identified by nano-LC/MS-MS and the bactericidal activities of representative peptides (with predicted antimicrobial activity) were further assessed. Two peptides (FVPPVQR and GDPSAWSWGAEAHS) were found to be bactericidal against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis at 45 °C when provided in an EW environment. Nevertheless, these peptides contribute only part of this bactericidal activity, suggesting other, yet to be determined, antimicrobial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- UFR Sciences de la Vie et de l'Environnement, Rennes 35700, France
| | - Sophie Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon C Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, Knight Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, U.K
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26
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Zheng J, Bu T, Liu L, He G, Li S, Wu J. Naturally occurring low molecular peptides identified in egg white show antioxidant activity. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Dong X, Zhang YQ. An insight on egg white: From most common functional food to biomaterial application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1045-1058. [PMID: 33252178 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural egg white tis widely used as an ingredient in nutritional foods and for food processing. Due to its characteristic foaming, emulsification, adhesion, and gelation, and its heat setting, biocompatibility, and low cost, research into the application and development of egg white in biomaterials, especially medical biomaterials, have been receiving attention. The composition and characteristics of egg white protein, and the physical mixing and chemically cross-linking of egg white with other materials used to make degradable packaging films, bioceramics, bioplastics, biomimetic films, hydrogels, 3D scaffolds, bone regeneration, biopatterning, biosensors, and so forth, are reviewed in detail in this report. The novel egg white-based biomaterials in various forms and applications could be constructed mostly through physical treatments such as ultrasonic wave, ultraviolet, laser and other radiation or high-temperature calcination. Furthermore, the application and prospects for the use of egg white in biomaterials is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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28
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Lewko L, Krawczyk J, Calik J. Effect of genotype and some shell quality traits on lysozyme content and activity in the albumen of eggs from hens under the biodiversity conservation program. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100863. [PMID: 33516470 PMCID: PMC7936162 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine shell quality of eggs laid by some strains of native breed hens of different ages, with special consideration of their effect on lysozyme concentration and enzymatic activity. Evaluation was made of the eggshells from 6 breeds/strains of laying hens covered by the gene pool protection program in Poland: Greenleg Partridge (Z-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33), Rhode Island Red (R-11), Rhode Island White (A-33), Sussex (S-66), and Leghorn (H-22). Significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences were established for all the shell quality characteristics between hen strains. As the birds aged, shell weight and porosity increased, and shell compression strength decreased in all the experimental groups. Lysozyme content was lowest in white-shelled eggs (H-22) and highest in cream-colored and light brown eggs (Z-11, Ż-33, and R-11). Furthermore, age of hens had a greater effect on lysozyme concentration and activity in the eggs than on shell quality traits. Regardless of the layer genotype, eggs from older hens showed higher lysozyme concentration and enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lewko
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Experimental Station Kołuda Wielka, Waterfowl Genetic Resources Station in Dworzyska, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - J Krawczyk
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Poultry Breeding, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - J Calik
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Poultry Breeding, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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29
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Baron F, Cochet MF, Alabdeh M, Guérin-Dubiard C, Gautier M, Nau F, Andrews SC, Bonnassie S, Jan S. Egg-White Proteins Have a Minor Impact on the Bactericidal Action of Egg White Toward Salmonella Enteritidis at 45°C. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584986. [PMID: 33133053 PMCID: PMC7578404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is noted for its ability to survive the harsh antibacterial activity of egg white which is presumed to explain its occurrence as the major food-borne pathogen associated with the consumption of eggs and egg products. Liquid egg white is a major ingredient for the food industry but, because of its thermal fragility, pasteurization is performed at the modest temperature of 57°C (for 2–6 min). Unfortunately, such treatment does not lead to sufficient reduction in S. Enteritidis contamination, which is a clear health concern when the product is consumed without cooking. However, egg white is able to limit S. Enteritidis growth due to its alkaline pH, iron deficiency and multiple antimicrobial proteins. This anti-Salmonella activity of egg white is temperature dependent and becomes bactericidal once the incubation temperature exceeds 42°C. This property is exploited in the highly promising pasteurization treatment (42–45°C for 1–5 days) which achieves complete killing of S. Enteritidis. However, the precise mechanism and the role of the egg-white proteins are not fully understood. Here, the impact of exposure of S. Enteritidis to egg white-based media, with or without egg-white proteins (>10 kDa), under bactericidal conditions (45°C) was explored by measuring survival and global expression. Surprisingly, the bactericidal activity of egg white at 45°C was only slightly affected by egg-white proteins indicating that they play a minor role in the bactericidal activity observed. Moreover, egg-white proteins had minimal impact on the global-gene-expression response to egg white such that very similar, major regulatory responses (20% genes affected) were observed both with and without egg-white proteins following incubation for 45 min at 45°C. Egg-white proteins caused a significant change in expression for just 64 genes, including the psp and lysozyme-inhibitor responses genes which is suggestive of an early membrane perturbation effect. Such damage was supported by disruption of the proton motive force by egg-white proteins. In summary, the results suggest that low-mass components of egg white are largely responsible for the bactericidal activity of egg white at 45°C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon C Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France.,UFR Sciences de la Vie et de l'Environnement, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France
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30
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Arshad R, Meng Y, Qiu N, Sun H, Keast R, Rehman A. Phosphoproteomic analysis of duck egg white and insight into the biological functions of identified phosphoproteins. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13367. [PMID: 32729115 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins is one of the most important and pleiotropic modifications. It plays a vital role in controlling protein functions. However, the phosphoproteome of duck egg white (DEW) has not been studied yet. To investigate the role of phosphorylation on DEW proteins, a detailed phosphoproteome analysis of DEW was performed using an immobilized metal affinity chromatography enrichment strategy. A total of 92 phosphosites representing 36 phosphoproteins were identified. [S-x-E] and [T-x-E] were found to be the most overrepresented motifs in DEW. The identified phosphoproteins in DEW were mainly involved in the binding, transport activity, biological regulation, and metabolic processes. Gene ontology analysis was used to elucidate the biological functions of DEW phosphoproteins and compare them with those of chicken egg white (CEW), which showed the differences mostly involved molecular functions and biological processes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: These findings provide fundamental insight into the biological functions of identified phosphoproteins of DEW to better understand the roles of phosphorylated DEW proteins for food industries and human health. Phosphoproteomic study of DEW would be valuable for the food and nutrition industry to exploit the potential of this avian proteins in the processing of health benefit products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Arshad
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
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31
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Cavallero GJ, Landoni M, Couto AS. In depth N-glycoproteomics shows glyco-features of chicken egg white. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Julien LA, Fau C, Baron F, Bonnassie S, Guérin-Dubiard C, Nau F, Gautier M, Karatzas KA, Jan S, Andrews SC. The Three Lipocalins of Egg-White: Only Ex-FABP Inhibits Siderophore-Dependent Iron Sequestration by Salmonella Enteritidis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:913. [PMID: 32477312 PMCID: PMC7242566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is the most prevalent food-borne pathogen associated with egg-related outbreaks in the European Union. During egg colonization, S. Enteritidis must resist the powerful anti-bacterial activities of egg white (EW) and overcome ovotransferrin-imposed iron-restriction (the most important anti-bacterial mechanism of EW). Many pathogens respond to iron restriction by secreting iron-chelating chemicals called siderophores but EW contains a siderophore-sequestering "lipocalin" protein (Ex-FABP) that is predicted to limit the usefulness of siderophores in EW. S. Enteritidis produces two siderophores: enterobactin, which is strongly bound by Ex-FABP; and the di-glucosylated enterobactin-derivative, salmochelin (a so-called "stealth" siderophore), which is not recognized by Ex-FABP. Thus, production of salmochelin may allow S. Enteritidis to escape Ex-FABP-mediated growth inhibition under iron restriction although it is unclear whether its EW concentration is sufficient to inhibit pathogens. Further, two other lipocalins (Cal-γ and α-1-ovoglycoprotein) are found in EW but their siderophore sequestration potential remains unexplored. In addition, the effect of EW lipocalins on the major EW pathogen, S. Enteritidis, has yet to be reported. We overexpressed and purified the three lipocalins of EW and investigated their ability to interact with the siderophores of S. Enteritidis, as well as their EW concentrations. The results show that Ex-FABP is present in EW at concentrations (5.1 μM) sufficient to inhibit growth of a salmochelin-deficient S. Enteritidis mutant under iron restriction but has little impact on the salmochelin-producing wildtype. Neither Cal-γ nor α-1-ovoglycoprotein bind salmochelin or enterobactin, nor do they inhibit iron-restricted growth of S. Enteritidis. However, both are present in EW at significant concentrations (5.6 and 233 μM, respectively) indicating that α-1-ovoglycoprotein is the 4th most abundant protein in EW, with Cal-γ and Ex-FABP at 11th and 12th most abundant. Further, we confirm the preference (16-fold) of Ex-FABP for the ferrated form (K d of 5.3 nM) of enterobactin over the iron-free form (K d of 86.2 nM), and its lack of affinity for salmochelin. In conclusion, our findings show that salmochelin production by S. Enteritidis enables this key egg-associated pathogen to overcome the enterobactin-sequestration activity of Ex-FABP when this lipocalin is provided at levels found in EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Alex Julien
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France
| | - Clémence Fau
- Inserm 1107, Neuro-Dol, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France
- UFR Sciences de la Vie et de l’Environnement, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Colin Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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33
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Liu Y, Qiu N, Geng F, Sun H, Wang H, Meng Y. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of fertilized egg derived from Tibetan and lowland chickens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:522-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Wang H, Qiu N, Mine Y, Sun H, Meng Y, Bin L, Keast R. Quantitative Comparative Integrated Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Chicken Egg Yolk Proteins under Diverse Storage Temperatures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1157-1167. [PMID: 31917922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the alterations of egg yolk protein abundances and their phosphorylation status at different storage temperatures, a comparative quantitative study of unfertilized chicken egg yolk after 15 days of storage at 4 and 37 °C was performed. Altogether, 445 proteins were identified in our study, of which the abundances of 154 proteins were significantly changed when comparing high-temperature storage with low-temperature storage, including 42 up-regulated and 112 down-regulated proteins. In the phosphoproteome, we identified a total of 137 phosphorylated sites on 326 peptides corresponding to 51 proteins. The results showed that the degree of phosphorylation for most egg yolk proteins was enhanced during high-temperature storage. Furthermore, GO analysis indicated that these phosphoproteins of egg yolk may be closely related to the binding, catalysis, and transport functions. The results provide further insights into the effect of storage temperature on egg proteome changes and their phosphorylation level. Moreover, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of egg quality during storage by phosphorylation modification in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Haohao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Li Bin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Deakin University , Burwood , Victoria 3125 , Australia
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35
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A multi-approach peptidomic analysis of hen egg white reveals novel putative bioactive molecules. J Proteomics 2020; 215:103646. [PMID: 31927067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chicken egg white is a raw material broadly used as additive for the preparation of food and cosmetoceutical products. To describe its molecular properties, various proteomic investigations were performed in the last decade characterizing highly abundant components. No peptidomic counterparts were accomplished so far; scientific literature only reports on the characterization of specific bioactive peptides or preparations from egg white and its hydrolysates, which was performed through dedicated functional assays. In this study, a broad description of the egg white peptidome at 24, 336 and 672 h after laying was achieved using three peptide extraction procedures, which were combined with MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS and nanoLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS analyses. In the whole, 506 peptides were characterized; they mostly resulted from the physiological degradation of intact proteins following the activity of endoprotease ArgC-, trypsin- and plasmin-like enzymes. Eventual detection of peptide post-translational modifications also provided structural information on parental proteins. When analyzed by bioinformatics and/or compared with literature data, identified peptides allowed recognizing a number of protein fragments associated with different hypothetical biological activities. These results confirmed previous observations regarding functional characteristics of egg white unfractionated preparations or purified molecules, emphasizing the useful application of this raw material in human nutrition and cosmetics. Finally, a comparative label-free peptidomic evaluation of samples stored for different times under refrigeration identified 31 peptides showing significant quantitative changes during storage. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provided the largest inventory of peptides described in chicken egg while so far. In addition, it identified a number of protein fragments associated with hypothetical antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antibiofilm, calcium-binding, antidiabetic, antithrombotic, adipogenic differentiating, stimulating/immunostimulating, hormonal, lipid-binding and cell adhesion-affecting activities. These results confirmed previous observations regarding functional characteristics of egg white unfractionated preparations or purified molecules, emphasizing the useful application of this raw material in human nutrition and cosmetics.
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Yin Z, Lian L, Zhu F, Zhang ZH, Hincke M, Yang N, Hou ZC. The transcriptome landscapes of ovary and three oviduct segments during chicken (Gallus gallus) egg formation. Genomics 2020; 112:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Based on data from the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization, about 120 million metric tons of poultry meat were produced globally in 2016. In addition, about 82 million metric tons of eggs were produced. One of the bases for this production is the reproductive efficiency of today's poultry. This, in turn, is due to their inherent reproductive physiology, intensive genetic selection and advances in husbandry/management. The system of reproduction in males in largely similar to that in mammals except that there is no descent of testes. In females, there are marked differences with there being a single ovary and oviduct; the latter being the name of the differentiated entire Müllerian duct. Moreover, females produce eggs with a yolky oocyte surrounded by albumen, membranes and shell. Among the most successful reproductive management techniques are optimizing photoperiod, light intensity and nutrition. Widespread employment of these has allowed maximizing production. Laying hens can be re-cycled toward the end egg production. Other aspects of reproductive management in poultry include the following: artificial insemination (almost exclusively employed in turkeys) and approaches to reduce broodiness together with cage free (colony), conventional, enriched and free-range systems.
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Structure, function, and evolution of Gga-AvBD11, the archetype of the structural avian-double-β-defensin family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:337-345. [PMID: 31871151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912941117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of the 14 avian β-defensins identified in the Gallus gallus genome, only 3 are present in the chicken egg, including the egg-specific avian β-defensin 11 (Gga-AvBD11). Given its specific localization and its established antibacterial activity, Gga-AvBD11 appears to play a protective role in embryonic development. Gga-AvBD11 is an atypical double-sized defensin, predicted to possess 2 motifs related to β-defensins and 6 disulfide bridges. The 3-dimensional NMR structure of the purified Gga-AvBD11 is a compact fold composed of 2 packed β-defensin domains. This fold is the archetype of a structural family, dubbed herein as avian-double-β-defensins (Av-DBD). We speculate that AvBD11 emanated from a monodomain gene ancestor and that similar events might have occurred in arthropods, leading to another structural family of less compact DBDs. We show that Gga-AvBD11 displays antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens, the avian protozoan Eimeria tenella, and avian influenza virus. Gga-AvBD11 also shows cytotoxic and antiinvasive activities, suggesting that it may not only be involved in innate protection of the chicken embryo, but also in the (re)modeling of embryonic tissues. Finally, the contribution of either of the 2 Gga-AvBD11 domains to these biological activities was assessed, using chemically synthesized peptides. Our results point to a critical importance of the cationic N-terminal domain in mediating antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antiinvasive activities, with the C-terminal domain potentiating the 2 latter activities. Strikingly, antiviral activity in infected chicken cells, accompanied by marked cytotoxicity, requires the full-length protein.
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Bai X, Wang J, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Xuan Y, Su Z, Zhang K. Proteomic alteration of albumen by dietary vanadium in commercial egg-type layers. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1705-1716. [PMID: 32115038 PMCID: PMC7587766 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an ultratrace metal with the insulin-tropic properties and is often researched as the diabetes drug. However, in animals, V has been reported to have toxic effects on the development, immunity, oxidation-reduction equilibrium, gastrointestinal function, and so forth. Especially in poultry, supplementation of more than 10 mg of V/kg in the layer diets has been shown to adversely affect the egg production and egg quality. In this study, we supplemented 0 mg of V/kg, 5 mg of V/kg, and 10 mg of V/kg in the layer diets for 35 D and examined the quantitative proteomics of albumen for finding the possible target signaling pathway and mechanism of V action and made the preliminary verification. In contrast to the control group, V resulted in a significant drop in the albumen height, and in oviduct ampulla, the activity of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase significantly decreased (P = 0.01, P = 0.02), the content of malonic dialdehyde significantly increased (P = 0.01), and the apoptosis rate significantly increased in the 5-mg V/kg and 10-mg V/kg treatment groups (P < 0.01). V affected 36 differentially accumulated proteins in albumen, with 23 proteins upregulated and 13 proteins downregulated. The expressions of innate protein albumen lysozyme (Q6LEL2), vitellogenin-2 (P02845), and the F1NWD0 protein in albumen belonged to the P53 family were significantly reduced, in contrast to the control (P < 0.05), and the expression of riboflavin-binding protein (P02752) was significantly improved (P < 0.05). The Hippo signaling pathway-fly, which is suitable for the key protein P53 as the most significantly affected network, might be important for discriminating V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhuowei Su
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Wang X, Xu G, Yang N, Yan Y, Wu G, Sun C. Differential proteomic analysis revealed crucial egg white proteins for hatchability of chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:7076-7089. [PMID: 31424521 PMCID: PMC8913984 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For healthy development, an avian embryo needs the nutritional and functional molecules maternally deposited in avian eggs. Egg white not only provides nutritional components but also exhibits functional properties, such as defenses against microbial invasion. However, the roles of the more detailed messages in embryo development remain unclear. In this study, a tandem mass tag labeling quantitation approach was used to innovatively identify the differential proteins in the egg whites of fresh eggs produced by hens with divergent high/low hatchability and in the egg whites of embryonated eggs with healthy and dead embryos. A total of 378 proteins were quantified in egg white, which is the most complete proteome identified for egg white to date, and up to 102 differential proteins were identified. GO enrichment, pathway, and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed some of the differential proteins that are the main participants in several biological processes, including blood coagulation, intermediate filament, antibacterial activity, and neurodevelopment. A list of 11 putative protein biomarkers, such as keratin (KRT19, KRT12, KRT15, and KRT6A), which is involved in cell architecture, and fibrinogen (fibrinogen alpha chain, fibrinogen beta chain, and fibrinogen gamma chain), which is related to blood coagulation, were ultimately screened. The current study screened egg white proteins that can predict low hatchability and embryonic death and deciphered the role of these proteins in embryonic development, which is meaningful for the comprehensive understanding of embryonic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiyuan Yan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Guiqin Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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41
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Importance of albumen during embryonic development in avian species, with emphasis on domestic chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Identification of new chicken egg proteins by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933907001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Developments in understanding and assessment of egg and egg product quality over the last century. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yin L, Yu L, Zhang L, Ran J, Li J, Yang C, Jiang X, Du H, Hu X, Liu Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and pathways for oviduct development and defense in prelaying and laying hens. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13159. [PMID: 31206849 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The oviduct plays an indispensable role in the formation of eggs, especially the magnum and uterus. The identification of oviduct development in different stages will help to target candidate genes and pathways in regulation of albumen and eggshell formation, as well as defense mechanism in oviduct and egg. METHODS To identify the function differences and the molecular defense mechanism of the oviduct and egg, we performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of the magnum and uterus in 120-d-old and 300-d-old Lohmann layers, three birds in each group. RESULTS With fold changes (log2 ratio) ≥ 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, RNA-Seq revealed 1,040 genes expressed differentially in the magnum and 595 genes in the uterus. By combining GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, it served to show that gene activities of the magnum and uterus in prelaying chickens were more likely to concentrate on growth and development, and after egg-laying, they were mainly inclined to enhance the substances transmembrane transport and secretion activities. We further characterized 1579 new genes, while only 803 of them were functionally annotated. A complex mixture of proteins related to defense was measured in this study. A subset of avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and ovodefensins (OvoDs), that is, AvBD12, AvBD11, AvBD10, OvoDA1, OvoDB1, OvoDA2, OvoDA3, and OvoDBβ, was detected to express in the magnum of laying hens at high levels. CONCLUSION Collectively, the identification and functional analysis of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as specific expression of avian defensins, may contribute to understand the development and defense mechanisms of oviduct and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lintian Yu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jinshan Ran
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Huarui Du
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wu X, Liu L, Li J, Chi F. Proteome analysis using iTRAQ reveals the differentiation between Tibetan and ordinary ovalbumin peptides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:722-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gautron J, Guyot N, Brionne A, Réhault-Godbert S. Bioactive Minor Egg Components. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last 15 years, the development of functional genomics has increased the number of egg proteins identified from 50 to about 1300. These proteins are initially present in eggs to support a harmonious embryonic development. Consequently, this closed embryonic chamber contains molecules exhibiting diverse functions, including defense, nutrition and many predicted biological activities, which have been investigated using both bioinformatics and experimental investigations. In this chapter, we focus on some very interesting activities of high potential reported for minor egg proteins (excluding ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme). The shell matrix proteins are involved in the calcification process to define and control the final texture of the shell and thereby its mechanical properties. Antimicrobial proteins are part of innate immunity and are mainly present in the white and vitelline membranes. They encompass several protein families, including protease inhibitors, vitamin-binding proteins, defensins, LBP-PLUNC family proteins and heparin-binding proteins. The egg also possesses additional bioactive proteins with direct anti-cancerous and antioxidant activities or whose biochemical properties are currently used to develop diagnostic tools and strategies for targeted therapy. Finally, this chapter also reports some emerging functions in tissue remodeling/wound healing and proposes some relevant bioactive candidates and research fields that would be interesting to investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gautron
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - N. Guyot
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - A. Brionne
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
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Nolasco E, Guha S, Majumder K. Bioactive Egg Proteins. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional excellence of chicken egg is derived from its task as a life-giving medium, supplying the necessary nutrients to the hen's embryo while protecting it from external threats. Additionally, egg proteins possess unique biological activities above and beyond their known functional and nutritional roles. In the last few decades, extensive research has been done to evaluate the various biological activities of egg proteins and protein-derived peptides. Egg proteins and protein-derived peptides have been attributed to diverse biological activities, the most well-known being their antimicrobial properties. However, egg proteins and peptides have been shown to have other biological activities, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and protease inhibitory activity. Egg-derived bioactive proteins have had a relevant scientific impact and exhibit promising applicability as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, it is critical to understand the effects of these proteins in signaling pathways to delineate their molecular mechanisms of action. Further studies are required to fill the current knowledge gaps. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to illustrate the present knowledge of the bioactivity of different egg proteins and their physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Nolasco
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Snigdha Guha
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
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Liu L, Yi J, Ray WK, Vu LT, Helm RF, Siegel PB, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Fasting differentially alters the hypothalamic proteome of chickens from lines with the propensity to be anorexic or obese. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:13. [PMID: 30931934 PMCID: PMC6443654 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamus is the ultimate modulator of appetite and energy balance and therefore sensitive to changes in nutritional state. Chicks from lines selected for low (LWS) and high (HWS) body weight are hypophagic and compulsive eaters, respectively, and differ in their propensity to become obese and in their hypothalamic mRNA response to fasting. METHODS As fasting-induced changes in hypothalamic proteins are unknown, we investigated the hypothalamic proteomes of 5-day old LWS and HWS chicks in the fed and fasted states using a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. RESULTS A total of 744 proteins were identified in the chicken hypothalamus, and 268 differentially abundant proteins were identified among four pairwise comparisons. Ninety-five proteins were associated with the response to fasting in HWS chicks, and 23 proteins were associated with the response to fasting in LWS chicks. Fasting-responsive proteins in HWS chicks were significantly enriched in ATP metabolic processes, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism, and ribosome function. There was no enrichment for any pathways in LWS chicks in response to fasting. In the fasted and fed states, 159 and 119 proteins differed between HWS and LWS, respectively. Oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, and carbon metabolism were the main pathways associated with differences between the two lines of chicks. Enzymes associated with metabolic pathways differed between HWS and LWS in both nutritional states, including fumarase, aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, chondrogenesis associated lipocalin, sialic acid synthase, arylamine N-acetyltransferase, pineal gland isozyme NAT-3, and succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial. CONCLUSIONS These results provide insights into the hypothalamic metabolic pathways that are affected by nutritional status and the regulation of appetite and eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Yi
- Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - W Keith Ray
- Virginia Tech, Department of Biochemistry, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lucas T Vu
- Virginia Tech, Department of Chemical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Virginia Tech, Department of Biochemistry, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Réhault-Godbert S, Guyot N, Nys Y. The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E684. [PMID: 30909449 PMCID: PMC6470839 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg is an encapsulated source of macro and micronutrients that meet all requirements to support embryonic development until hatching. The perfect balance and diversity in its nutrients along with its high digestibility and its affordable price has put the egg in the spotlight as a basic food for humans. However, egg still has to face many years of nutritionist recommendations aiming at restricting egg consumption to limit cardiovascular diseases incidence. Most experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic studies concluded that there was no evidence of a correlation between dietary cholesterol brought by eggs and an increase in plasma total-cholesterol. Egg remains a food product of high nutritional quality for adults including elderly people and children and is extensively consumed worldwide. In parallel, there is compelling evidence that egg also contains many and still-unexplored bioactive compounds, which may be of high interest in preventing/curing diseases. This review will give an overview of (1) the main nutritional characteristics of chicken egg, (2) emerging data related to egg bioactive compounds, and (3) some factors affecting egg composition including a comparison of nutritional value between eggs from various domestic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Guyot
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Yves Nys
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Da Silva M, Dombre C, Brionne A, Monget P, Chessé M, De Pauw M, Mills M, Combes-Soia L, Labas V, Guyot N, Nys Y, Réhault-Godbert S. The Unique Features of Proteins Depicting the Chicken Amniotic Fluid. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:S174-S190. [PMID: 29444982 PMCID: PMC6427230 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In many amniotes, the amniotic fluid is depicted as a dynamic milieu that participates in the protection of the embryo (cushioning, hydration, and immunity). However, in birds, the protein profile of the amniotic fluid remains unexplored, even though its proteomic signature is predicted to differ compared with that of humans. In fact, unlike humans, chicken amniotic fluid does not collect excretory products and its protein composition strikingly changes at mid-development because of the massive inflow of egg white proteins, which are thereafter swallowed by the embryo to support its growth. Using GeLC-MS/MS and shotgun strategies, we identified 91 nonredundant proteins delineating the chicken amniotic fluid proteome at day 11 of development, before egg white transfer. These proteins were essentially associated with the metabolism of nutrients, immune response and developmental processes. Forty-eight proteins were common to both chicken and human amniotic fluids, including serum albumin, apolipoprotein A1 and alpha-fetoprotein. We further investigated the effective role of chicken amniotic fluid in innate defense and revealed that it exhibits significant antibacterial activity at day 11 of development. This antibacterial potential is drastically enhanced after egg white transfer, presumably due to lysozyme, avian beta-defensin 11, vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1, and beta-microseminoprotein-like as the most likely antibacterial candidates. Interestingly, several proteins recovered in the chicken amniotic fluid prior and after egg white transfer are uniquely found in birds (ovalbumin and related proteins X and Y, avian beta-defensin 11) or oviparous species (vitellogenins 1 and 2, riboflavin-binding protein). This study provides an integrative overview of the chicken amniotic fluid proteome and opens stimulating perspectives in deciphering the role of avian egg-specific proteins in embryonic development, including innate immunity. These proteins may constitute valuable biomarkers for poultry production to detect hazardous situations (stress, infection, etc.), that may negatively affect the development of the chicken embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Dombre
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | | | - Philippe Monget
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Magali Chessé
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Maryse Mills
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France;; INRA, Plate-forme de Chirurgie et Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France;; INRA, Plate-forme de Chirurgie et Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Nicolas Guyot
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Nys
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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