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De los Santos-Jiménez J, Campos-Sandoval JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J, Matés JM. GLS and GLS2 Glutaminase Isoenzymes in the Antioxidant System of Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:745. [PMID: 38929183 PMCID: PMC11200642 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A pathway frequently altered in cancer is glutaminolysis, whereby glutaminase (GA) catalyzes the main step as follows: the deamidation of glutamine to form glutamate and ammonium. There are two types of GA isozymes, named GLS and GLS2, which differ considerably in their expression patterns and can even perform opposing roles in cancer. GLS correlates with tumor growth and proliferation, while GLS2 can function as a context-dependent tumor suppressor. However, both isoenzymes have been described as essential molecules handling oxidant stress because of their involvement in glutathione production. We reviewed the literature to highlight the critical roles of GLS and GLS2 in restraining ROS and regulating both cellular signaling and metabolic stress due to their function as indirect antioxidant enzymes, as well as by modulating both reductive carboxylation and ferroptosis. Blocking GA activity appears to be a potential strategy in the dual activation of ferroptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth in a ROS-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan De los Santos-Jiménez
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José A. Campos-Sandoval
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Alonso
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José M. Matés
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
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2
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Fan TWM, Winnike J, Al-Attar A, Belshoff AC, Lorkiewicz PK, Tan JL, Wu M, Higashi RM, Lane AN. Differential Inhibition of Anaplerotic Pyruvate Carboxylation and Glutaminolysis-Fueled Anabolism Underlies Distinct Toxicity of Selenium Agents in Human Lung Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:774. [PMID: 37512481 PMCID: PMC10383978 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Past chemopreventive human trials on dietary selenium supplements produced controversial outcomes. They largely employed selenomethionine (SeM)-based diets. SeM was less toxic than selenite or methylseleninic acid (MSeA) to lung cancer cells. We thus investigated the toxic action of these Se agents in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and ex vivo organotypic cultures (OTC) of NSCLC patient lung tissues. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) using 13C6-glucose and 13C5,15N2-glutamine tracers with gene knockdowns were employed to examine metabolic dysregulations associated with cell type- and treatment-dependent phenotypic changes. Inhibition of key anaplerotic processes, pyruvate carboxylation (PyC) and glutaminolysis were elicited by exposure to MSeA and selenite but not by SeM. They were accompanied by distinct anabolic dysregulation and reflected cell type-dependent changes in proliferation/death/cell cycle arrest. NSCLC OTC showed similar responses of PyC and/or glutaminolysis to the three agents, which correlated with tissue damages. Altogether, we found differential perturbations in anaplerosis-fueled anabolic pathways to underlie the distinct anti-cancer actions of the three Se agents, which could also explain the failure of SeM-based chemoprevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W.-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| | - Jason Winnike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.W.); (A.C.B.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| | - Alexander C. Belshoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.W.); (A.C.B.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Pawel K. Lorkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.W.); (A.C.B.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Jin Lian Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Min Wu
- Seahorse Bioscience, Billerica, MA 01862, USA
| | - Richard M. Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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Garbo S, Di Giacomo S, Łażewska D, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Di Sotto A, Fioravanti R, Zwergel C, Battistelli C. Selenium-Containing Agents Acting on Cancer-A New Hope? Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010104. [PMID: 36678733 PMCID: PMC9860877 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-containing agents are more and more considered as an innovative potential treatment option for cancer. Light is shed not only on the considerable advancements made in understanding the complex biology and chemistry related to selenium-containing small molecules but also on Se-nanoparticles. Numerous Se-containing agents have been widely investigated in recent years in cancer therapy in relation to tumour development and dissemination, drug delivery, multidrug resistance (MDR) and immune system-related (anti)cancer effects. Despite numerous efforts, Se-agents apart from selenocysteine and selenomethionine have not yet reached clinical trials for cancer therapy. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise critical overview of the current state of the art in the development of highly potent target-specific Se-containing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Garbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.B.)
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Fan TWM, Sun Q, Higashi RM. Ultrahigh resolution MS 1/MS 2-based reconstruction of metabolic networks in mammalian cells reveals changes for selenite and arsenite action. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102586. [PMID: 36223837 PMCID: PMC9667311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic networks are complex, intersecting, and composed of numerous enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions that transfer various molecular moieties among metabolites. Thus, robust reconstruction of metabolic networks requires metabolite moieties to be tracked, which cannot be readily achieved with mass spectrometry (MS) alone. We previously developed an Ion Chromatography-ultrahigh resolution-MS1/data independent-MS2 method to track the simultaneous incorporation of the heavy isotopes 13C and 15N into the moieties of purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in mammalian cells. Ultrahigh resolution-MS1 resolves and counts multiple tracer atoms in intact metabolites, while data independent-tandem MS (MS2) determines isotopic enrichment in their moieties without concern for the numerous mass isotopologue source ions to be fragmented. Together, they enabled rigorous MS-based reconstruction of metabolic networks at specific enzyme levels. We have expanded this approach to trace the labeled atom fate of [13C6]-glucose in 3D A549 spheroids in response to the anticancer agent selenite and that of [13C5,15N2]-glutamine in 2D BEAS-2B cells in response to arsenite transformation. We deduced altered activities of specific enzymes in the Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, and UDP-GlcNAc synthesis pathways elicited by the stressors. These metabolic details help elucidate the resistance mechanism of 3D versus 2D A549 cultures to selenite and metabolic reprogramming that can mediate the transformation of BEAS-2B cells by arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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ATM/IKK alpha axis regulates the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in selenite-treated Jurkat cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110178. [PMID: 36113632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element. High dosage of selenite exhibits a great potential in treating leukemia. Previous study discovered selenite could promote leukemia cells apoptosis through inducing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, while the switch mechanisms of these events and autophagy were still unclear. Current study discovered selenite promoted autophagy and apoptosis of leukemia Jurkat cells. In this process, DNA damage related ATM/IKK alpha axis was activated. This axis could stabilize pro-apoptotic P73, and promote autophagy through regulating NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Moreover, survivin-2B was also confirmed to be necessary for the ATM-induced nuclear location of IKK alpha, and therefore stood at the node position of apoptosis and autophagy cascades inside Jurkat cells. Finally, our in vivo experiments proved that selenite exhibited some anti-tumor effects on Jurkat cells-bearing mice. Moreover, alterations of ATM and IKK alpha expression observed in vivo were similar to that identified in vitro. Therefore, our findings had fully confirmed survivin-2B dependent activation of ATM/IKK alpha axis might be another crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis of selenite-treated leukemia cells.
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Tang E, Liu S, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Huang D, Gao T, Zhang T, Xu G. Therapeutic Potential of Glutamine Pathway in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:835141. [PMID: 35223460 PMCID: PMC8873175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.835141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells tend to obtain the substances needed for their development depending on altering metabolic characteristics. Among the reorganized metabolic pathways, Glutamine pathway, reprogrammed to be involved in the physiological process including energy supply, biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, occupies an irreplaceable role in tumor cells and has become a hot topic in recent years. Lung cancer currently maintains a high morbidity and mortality rate among all types of tumors and has been a health challenge that researchers have longed to overcome. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the essential role of glutamine pathway played in the metabolism of lung cancer and its potential therapeutic value in the interventions of lung cancer.
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Li CH, Liao CC. The Metabolism Reprogramming of microRNA Let-7-Mediated Glycolysis Contributes to Autophagy and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:113. [PMID: 35008539 PMCID: PMC8745176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is usually a result of abnormal glucose uptake and imbalanced nutrient metabolization. The dysregulation of glucose metabolism, which controls the processes of glycolysis, gives rise to various physiological defects. Autophagy is one of the metabolic-related cellular functions and involves not only energy regeneration but also tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy impacts on the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis and leads to a variety of disorders. In particular, the microRNA (miRNA) Let-7 has been identified as related to glycolysis procedures such as tissue repair, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and tumoral metastasis. In many cancers, the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes is correlated with Let-7, in which multiple enzymes are related to the regulation of the autophagy process. However, much recent research has not comprehensively investigated how Let-7 participates in glycolytic reprogramming or its links to autophagic regulations, mainly in tumor progression. Through an integrated literature review and omics-related profiling correlation, this review provides the possible linkage of the Let-7 network between glycolysis and autophagy, and its role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Chun Liao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Social Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Yakubov E, Eibl T, Hammer A, Holtmannspötter M, Savaskan N, Steiner HH. Therapeutic Potential of Selenium in Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666679. [PMID: 34121995 PMCID: PMC8194316 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little progress has been made in the long-term management of malignant brain tumors, leaving patients with glioblastoma, unfortunately, with a fatal prognosis. Glioblastoma remains the most aggressive primary brain cancer in adults. Similar to other cancers, glioblastoma undergoes a cellular metabolic reprogramming to form an oxidative tumor microenvironment, thereby fostering proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor cell survival. Latest investigations revealed that micronutrients, such as selenium, may have positive effects in glioblastoma treatment, providing promising chances regarding the current limitations in surgical treatment and radiochemotherapy outcomes. Selenium is an essential micronutrient with anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties. There is additional evidence of Se deficiency in patients suffering from brain malignancies, which increases its importance as a therapeutic option for glioblastoma therapy. It is well known that selenium, through selenoproteins, modulates metabolic pathways and regulates redox homeostasis. Therefore, selenium impacts on the interaction in the tumor microenvironment between tumor cells, tumor-associated cells and immune cells. In this review we take a closer look at the current knowledge about the potential of selenium on glioblastoma, by focusing on brain edema, glioma-related angiogenesis, and cells in tumor microenvironment such as glioma-associated microglia/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Yakubov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eibl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hammer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolai Savaskan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical School Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (UKER), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,BiMECON Ent., Berlin, Germany
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Kiesel VA, Sheeley MP, Coleman MF, Cotul EK, Donkin SS, Hursting SD, Wendt MK, Teegarden D. Pyruvate carboxylase and cancer progression. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:20. [PMID: 33931119 PMCID: PMC8088034 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA), serving to replenish the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In nonmalignant tissue, PC plays an essential role in controlling whole-body energetics through regulation of gluconeogenesis in the liver, synthesis of fatty acids in adipocytes, and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. In breast cancer, PC activity is linked to pulmonary metastasis, potentially by providing the ability to utilize glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine metabolism as needed under varying conditions as cells metastasize. PC enzymatic activity appears to be of particular importance in cancer cells that are unable to utilize glutamine for anaplerosis. Moreover, PC activity also plays a role in lipid metabolism and protection from oxidative stress in cancer cells. Thus, PC activity may be essential to link energy substrate utilization with cancer progression and to enable the metabolic flexibility necessary for cell resilience to changing and adverse conditions during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet A Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Madeline P Sheeley
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu Cotul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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11
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Liang ZZ, Zhu RM, Li YL, Jiang HM, Li RB, Wang Q, Tang LY, Ren ZF. Differential epigenetic profiles induced by sodium selenite in breast cancer cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126677. [PMID: 33246299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selenium (Se) was a potential anticancer micronutrient with proposed epigenetic effect. However, the Se-induced epigenome in breast cancer cells was yet to be studied. METHODS The profiles of DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and message RNA (mRNA) in breast cancer cells treated with sodium selenite were examined by microarrays. We verified the epigenetic modifications by integrating their predicted target genes and differentially expressed mRNAs. The epigenetically regulated genes were further validated in a breast cancer cohort by associating with tumor progression. We conducted a series of bioinformatics analyses to assess the biological function of these validated genes and identified the critical genes. RESULTS The Se-induced epigenome regulated the expression of 959 genes, and 349 of them were further validated in the breast cancer cohort. Biological function analyses suggested that these validated genes were enriched in several cancer-related pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and metabolic pathways. Based on the degrees of expression change, hazard ratio difference, and connectivity, NEDD4L and FMO5 were identified as the critical genes. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed the epigenetic effects of sodium selenite and revealed the epigenetic profiles in breast cancer cells, which would help understand the mechanisms of Se against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zhi Liang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui-Mei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yue-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hong-Mei Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruo-Bi Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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12
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Manda K, Kriesen S, Hildebrandt G. The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues. Med Oncol 2020; 37:115. [PMID: 33205219 PMCID: PMC7671986 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium selenite is often given to moderate the side effects of cancer therapy to enhance the cellular defence of non-cancerous cells. To determine whether sodium selenite during radiotherapy protects not only normal cells but also cancer cells, which would imply a reduction of the desired effect of irradiation on tumour during radiotherapy, the effect of the combined treatment of irradiation and sodium selenite was investigated. Human bronchial cells from carcinoma (A549) and normal tissue (BEAS-2B) were treated with sodium selenite and effects on growth and in combination with radiation on metabolic activity and cell cycle distribution were studied. The influence on radiosensitivity was determined via colony forming assays using different solvents of sodium selenite and treatment schedules. It was shown that sodium selenite inhibits growth and influences cell cycle distribution of both normal and tumour cells. Metabolic activity of normal cells decreased more rapidly compared to that of cancer cells. The influence of sodium selenite on radiation response depended on the different treatment schedules and was strongly affected by the solvent of the agent. It could be shown that the effect of sodium selenite on radiation response is strongly dependent on the respective experimental in vitro conditions and ranges from lead to an initially suspected but ultimately no real radioprotection to radiosensitizing up to no effect in one and the same cell line. This might be a reason for controversially described cell responses to radiation under the influence of sodium selenite in studies so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Kriesen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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13
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Matés JM, Campos-Sandoval JA, de Los Santos-Jiménez J, Márquez J. Glutaminases regulate glutathione and oxidative stress in cancer. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2603-2623. [PMID: 32681190 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies against cancer have improved both survival and quality of life of patients. However, metabolic rewiring evokes cellular mechanisms that reduce therapeutic mightiness. Resistant cells generate more glutathione, elicit nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation, and overexpress many anti-oxidative genes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and thioredoxin reductase, providing stronger antioxidant capacity to survive in a more oxidative environment due to the sharp rise in oxidative metabolism and reactive oxygen species generation. These changes dramatically alter tumour microenvironment and cellular metabolism itself. A rational design of therapeutic combination strategies is needed to flatten cellular homeostasis and accomplish a drop in cancer development. Context-dependent glutaminase isoenzymes show oncogenic and tumour suppressor properties, being mainly associated to MYC and p53, respectively. Glutaminases catalyze glutaminolysis in mitochondria, regulating oxidative phosphorylation, redox status and cell metabolism for tumour growth. In addition, the substrate and product of glutaminase reaction, glutamine and glutamate, respectively, can work as signalling molecules moderating redox and bioenergetic pathways in cancer. Novel synergistic approaches combining glutaminase inhibition and redox-dependent modulation are described in this review. Pharmacological or genetic glutaminase regulation along with oxidative chemotherapy can help to improve the design of combination strategies that escalate the rate of therapeutic success in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan de Los Santos-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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14
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Ye X, Ling B, Xu H, Li G, Zhao X, Xu J, Liu J, Liu L. Clinical significance of high expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in non-small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19755. [PMID: 32311975 PMCID: PMC7220128 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an important role in tumor proliferation and its expression level is closely related to the biological activity of tumor cells, PCNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been seldom reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of PCNA expression in NSCLC tissues. PCNA expression in NSCLC and adjacent tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Single factor analysis was used to study the relationship between the expression of PCNA and clinicopathological features of NSCLC. Multi-factor Cox survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of PCNA and overall survival of postoperative NSCLC patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics were calculated to evaluate the value of PCNA expression level in predicting the 3-year survival of NSCLC patients. IHC analysis showed that the positive expression rates of PCNA protein in NSCLC and adjacent tissues were 91.79% (257/280) and 25.83% (31/120), respectively. Western blotting confirmed that PCNA protein level was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P < .05). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the positive rate of PCNA mRNA in NSCLC was 88.93% (249/280), which was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues 29.17% (35/120) (P < .05). Both PCNA mRNA and protein levels were correlated with tumor differentiation, size, metastasis, and stage in NSCLC. Patients exhibiting higher PCNA protein expression had a significantly shorter disease-specific survival rate than the other patients. PCNA protein level and tumor pathological type, metastasis, differentiation degree, and stage were independent factors affecting the overall survival of postoperative patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics of PCNA mRNA for predicting the 3-year survival of NSCLC patients was 0.89 (0.79-0.98), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. In conclusion, high PCNA protein and mRNA levels may be associated with the occurrence, development, and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou
| | - Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu
| | - Hanrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu
| | - Gongqi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Traditional Hospital, Linyi, Shandong
| | - Xinguo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi
| | - Liangeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China
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Serpa J. Metabolic Remodeling as a Way of Adapting to Tumor Microenvironment (TME), a Job of Several Holders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:1-34. [PMID: 32130691 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment depends and generates dependence on all the cells and structures that share the same niche, the biotope. The contemporaneous view of the tumor microenvironment (TME) agrees with this idea. The cells that make up the tumor, whether malignant or not, behave similarly to classes of elements within a living community. These elements inhabit, modify and benefit from all the facilities the microenvironment has to offer and that will contribute to the survival and growth of the tumor and the progression of the disease.The metabolic adaptation to microenvironment is a crucial process conducting to an established tumor able to grow locally, invade and metastasized. The metastatic cancer cells are reasonable more plastic than non-metastatic cancer cells, because the previous ones must survive in the microenvironment where the primary tumor develops and in addition, they must prosper in the microenvironment in the metastasized organ.The metabolic remodeling requires not only the adjustment of metabolic pathways per se but also the readjustment of signaling pathways that will receive and obey to the extracellular instructions, commanding the metabolic adaptation. Many diverse players are pivotal in cancer metabolic fitness from the initial signaling stimuli, going through the activation or repression of genes, until the phenotype display. The new phenotype will permit the import and consumption of organic compounds, useful for energy and biomass production, and the export of metabolic products that are useless or must be secreted for a further recycling or controlled uptake. In the metabolic network, three subsets of players are pivotal: (1) the organic compounds; (2) the transmembrane transporters, and (3) the enzymes.This chapter will present the "Pharaonic" intent of diagraming the interplay between these three elements in an attempt of simplifying and, at the same time, of showing the complex sight of cancer metabolism, addressing the orchestrating role of microenvironment and highlighting the influence of non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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16
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Bonifácio VDB. Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Moving Forward in Early Detection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:355-363. [PMID: 32130708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent cancer which rate survival mainly relays in early stage detection. The discovery of reliable ovarian cancer biomarkers plays a crucial role in the disease management and strongly impact in patient's prognosis and survival. Although having many limitations CA125 is a classical ovarian cancer biomarker, but current research using proteomic or metabolomic methodologies struggles to find alternative biomarkers, using non-invasive our relatively non-invasive sources such as urine, serum, plasma, tissue, ascites or exosomes. Metabolism and metabolites are key players in cancer biology and its importance in biomarkers discovery cannot be neglected. In this chapter we overview the state of art and the challenges facing the use and discovery of biomarkers and focus on ovarian cancer early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco D B Bonifácio
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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