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Du Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhang X, Wang T. Novel D-π-A hemicyanine dye as photoinitiators for in situ hydrogel formation and DLP printing. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38623769 DOI: 10.1111/php.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The field of biofabrication imposes stringent requirements on the polymerization activity and biosafety of photopolymeric hydrogel systems. In this investigation, we designed and synthesized four hemicyanine dyes with a D-π-A structure specifically tailored for biofabrication purposes. These novel dyes, incorporating carbazole (CZ), triphenylamine (TPA), anthracene (AN), and benzodithiophene (BDT) as electron donors, along with heterocyclic salt (IN) as electron acceptors, were prepared using a straightforward synthesis method. The absorption maxima of ANIN, CZIN, and TPAIN exceeded 500 nm, rendering them suitable co-initiators for the free radical photopolymerization of acrylates under green-red light exposure facilitated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the co-initiator iodonium salt (ION). Notably, CZIN and TPAIN, due to their robust dye absorption and efficient electron transfer to ION, functioned as high-performance photosensitizers. Meanwhile, BDTIN, with its strong and broad absorption range (400-600 nm), enhanced the accuracy of visible light photopolymerization. These dyes exhibit characteristics such as facile synthesis, heightened photo stability, and non-toxicity and also demonstrate the ability to discern the alkalinity of a solution to some extent. Furthermore, we explored the application of these hemicyanine dyes in 3D printing, showing potential to enhance printing resolution in DLP 3D printing (digital light process 3D printing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shitao Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Dumur F. Recent Advances in Monocomponent Visible Light Photoinitiating Systems Based on Sulfonium Salts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4202. [PMID: 37959882 PMCID: PMC10649563 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, multicomponent photoinitiating systems have been the focus of intense research efforts, especially for the design of visible light photoinitiating systems. Although highly reactive three-component and even four-component photoinitiating systems have been designed, the complexity to elaborate such mixtures has incited researchers to design monocomponent Type II photoinitiators. Using this approach, the photosensitizer and the radical/cation generator can be combined within a unique molecule, greatly simplifying the elaboration of the photocurable resins. In this field, sulfonium salts are remarkable photoinitiators but these structures lack absorption in the visible range. Over the years, various structural modifications have been carried out in order to redshift their absorptions in the visible region. In this work, an overview of the different sulfonium salts activable under visible light and reported to date is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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3
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Dumur F. Recent advances on water-soluble photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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4
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Pacheco K, Aldea-Nunzi G, Pawlicka A, Nunzi JM. The Formation of Volume Transmission Gratings in Acrylamide-Based Photopolymers Using Curcumin as a Long-Wavelength Photosensitizer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071782. [PMID: 37050396 PMCID: PMC10096970 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural dye found in the Curcuma longa rhizome, commonly called turmeric, is used as a photosensitizer in acrylamide-based photopolymers for holographic data storage. We studied the absorbance of photopolymer films that show two absorption bands due to curcumin, acrylamide monomer (AA), and the crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). Analysis of the real-time diffraction efficiency of these films shows a maximum of 16% for the sample with the highest curcumin concentration. Moreover, increasing the curcumin load enhanced the refractive index contrast from 7.8 × 10-4 for the photopolymer with the lowest curcumin load to 1.1 × 10-3 for the photopolymer with the largest load. The sensitivity and diffraction efficiency of the recorded gratings also increased from 7.0 to 9.8 cm·J-1 and from 7.9 to 16% with the increase in curcumin load, respectively. Finally, the influence of NaOH on the photopolymerization of the AA-curcumin-based sample shows a diffraction efficiency increase with the NaOH content, revealing that the curcumin enol form is more efficient as a photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Pawlicka
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Wang G, Ma C, Hu T, Wang T. Ceramic 3D Printing via Dye-Sensitized Photopolymerization Under Green LED. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:310-317. [PMID: 37123521 PMCID: PMC10133979 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymerization-based ceramic 3D printing shows unmatched superiority in fabricating high-performance ceramic parts compared with the conventional preparation technology. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve efficient 3D printing due to the light scattering in photosensitive ceramic slurries, increasing the width of solidification and reducing the curing depth during photocuring. Herein, we report an efficient ceramic 3D printing approach based on curcuminoid dye-sensitized photopolymerization under green light-emitting diode (LED). For deep penetration and minimal light scattering, ceramic bodies with good performance can be produced from a ceramic slurry with curcuminoid dye by using a green LED-digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer. Curcuminoid dye was found to provide the ability to transfer electrons to photoinitiator and play a role in improving the accuracy of the entire 3D printing process. The proposed approach here provides a viable solution toward efficient ceramic additive manufacturing by green LED-DLP-3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhe Ma
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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6
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Photoinitiating Systems Designed for Solar Photocrosslinking Polymerization Reactions. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Anthraquinone-based Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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Dumur F. Recent advances on benzylidene cyclopentanones as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Low ZX, Teo MYM, Nordin FJ, Dewi FRP, Palanirajan VK, In LLA. Biophysical Evaluation of Water-Soluble Curcumin Encapsulated in β-Cyclodextrins on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12866. [PMID: 36361655 PMCID: PMC9655158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a curcuminoid originating from turmeric root, possesses diverse pharmacological applications, including potent anticancer properties. However, the use of this efficacious agent in cancer therapy has been limited due to low water solubility and poor bioavailability. To overcome these problems, a drug delivery system was established as an excipient allowing improved dispersion in aqueous media coupled with enhanced in vitro anticancer effects. Different analyses such as UV-vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solubility and dissolution assays were determined to monitor the successful encapsulation of CUR within the inner cavity of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complex. The results indicated that water solubility was improved by 205.75-fold compared to pure CUR. Based on cytotoxicity data obtained from MTT assays, the inclusion complex exhibited a greater decrease in cancer cell viability compared to pure CUR. Moreover, cancer cell migration rates were decreased by 75.5% and 38.92%, invasion rates were decreased by 37.7% and 35.7%, while apoptosis rates were increased by 26.3% and 14.2%, and both caused caspase 3 activation toward colorectal cancer cells (SW480 and HCT116 cells). This efficacious formulation that enables improved aqueous dispersion is potentially useful and can be extended for various chemotherapeutic applications. Preliminary toxicity evaluation also indicated that its composition can be safely used in humans for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xuan Low
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Yee Mun Teo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fariza Juliana Nordin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Vijayaraj Kumar Palanirajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lionel Lian Aun In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Wang R, Liu Q, Gao A, Tang N, Zhang Q, Zhang A, Cui D. Recent developments of sonodynamic therapy in antibacterial application. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12999-13017. [PMID: 36052726 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of pathogenic bacteria poses a serious threat to global health. Notably, traditional antibiotic therapies suffer from the risk of strengthening bacterial drug resistance. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) combining sonosensitizers and low-intensity ultrasound (US) has broadened the way towards treating drug-resistant bacteria. The allure of this therapy emerges from the capacity to focus the US energy on bacterial infection sites buried deep in tissues, locally activating the sonosensitizers to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the ability to induce bacterial death. The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of antibacterial SDT owing to their excellent penetration, favorable biocompatibility and specific targeting ability. This review summarizes available sonosensitizers for antibacterial SDT, and digs into innovative biotechnologies to improve SDT efficiency, such as enhancing the targeting ability of sonosensitizers, image-guided assisted SDT, improvement of hypoxia and combination of SDT with other therapies. Finally, we conclude with the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of antibacterial SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Amin Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, 28 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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13
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14
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Liu Z, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Visible Light Coumarin-based Oxime Esters as Initiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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16
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Pierau L, Elian C, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Caillol S, Versace DL. Bio-sourced Monomers and Cationic Photopolymerization: The Green combination towards Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Comestible curcumin: From kitchen to polymer chemistry as a photocatalyst in metal-free ATRP of (meth)acrylates. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yan H, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Su R, Li P, Su W. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Curcumin Nanocomposites for Remarkable Antibacterial Activity with Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Abilities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6703-6718. [PMID: 35006973 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted more and more attention as an alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy. Nevertheless, the limitations of traditional photosensitizers seriously hinder their practical application, as a result, the methods to improve the antibacterial properties of traditional photosensitizers have become a hot topic in the field of photomedicine. Herein, a compound nano-PS system has been constructed with synergistic photodynamic and photothermal (PTT) antibacterial effects, triggered by a dual-wavelength illumination. Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized and employed as carriers for the delivery of curcumin (Cur) to obtain CDs/Cur. Upon combined near-infrared and 405 nm visible dual-wavelength irradiation, CDs/Cur could simultaneously generate ROS and a moderate temperature increase, triggering synergistic antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence confocal imaging showed that the combined effect of CDs/Cur with PDT and PTT caused more serious damage to the cell membrane. In addition, CDs/Cur exhibited low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic activity, showing great biocompatibility. Therefore, the construction of CDs/Cur by employing CDs as photosensitizer delivery carriers provides a strategy for the improvement of the antibacterial effect of the photosensitizer and the design of next-generation antibacterial agents in photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Baoqu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Rixiang Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
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Effect of Smear Layer on Penetration Depth of Methylene Blue and Curcumin into Root Dentinal Tubules. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jrdms.6.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Cusicanqui Méndez DA, Cardenas Cuéllar MR, Feliz Pedrinha V, Velásquez Espedilla EG, Bombarda de Andrade F, Rodrigues PDA, Cruvinel T. Effects of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy associated to different chelators against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102464. [PMID: 34320428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) action combined or not with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. METHODS Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown on dentin bovine discs in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium with 1% glucose, in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 7 days. Then, they were randomly distributed to one of experimental conditions, as follows: control, 75 J.cm-2 LED, 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin, 17% EDTA, 18% HEBP, 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 75 J.cm-2 LED, 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 17% EDTA, 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 18% HEBP, 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 17% EDTA and 75 J.cm-2 LED or 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 18% HEBP and 75 J.cm-2 LED. The viability of microorganisms and the vitality of biofilms were determined by colony forming unit counts and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The results showed that all combinations of aPDT with chelators significantly reduced the viability of microbial cells and the vitality of biofilms in comparison to control, even when considering deeper layers of biofilms. CONCLUSION The combination of curcumin with EDTA and HEBP similarly improved the effect of aPDT on E. faecalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maricel Rosario Cardenas Cuéllar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Feliz Pedrinha
- Laboratory of Dental Materials, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Dental Materials, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lawsone Derivatives as Efficient Photopolymerizable Initiators for Free-Radical, Cationic Photopolymerizations, and Thiol-Ene Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13122015. [PMID: 34203069 PMCID: PMC8234034 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new photopolymerizable vinyl (2-(allyloxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQA) and epoxy (2-(oxiran-2yl methoxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQE) photoinitiators derived from lawsone were designed in this paper. These new photoinitiators can be used as one-component photoinitiating systems for the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate bio-based monomer without the addition of any co-initiators. As highlighted by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping results, the formation of carbon-centered radicals from an intermolecular H abstraction reaction was evidenced and can act as initiating species. Interestingly, the introduction of iodonium salt (Iod) used as a co-initiator has led to (1) the cationic photopolymerization of epoxy monomer with high final conversions and (2) an increase of the rates of free-radical polymerization of the acrylate bio-based monomer; we also demonstrated the concomitant thiol–ene reaction and cationic photopolymerizations of a limonene 1,2 epoxide/thiol blend mixture with the HNQA/Iod photoinitiating system.
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Photodynamic sensitizers modulate cytoskeleton structural dynamics in neuronal cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:232-248. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Noirbent G, Dumur F. Photoinitiators of polymerization with reduced environmental impact: Nature as an unlimited and renewable source of dyes. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Sautrot-Ba P, Brezová V, Malval JP, Chiappone A, Breloy L, Abbad-Andaloussi S, Versace DL. Purpurin derivatives as visible-light photosensitizers for 3D printing and valuable biological applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of new visible-light absorbing purpurin derivatives as promising photosensitizers for 3D photoprinting and anti-adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Sautrot-Ba
- Systèmes Polymères Complexes
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE-UPEC, UMR CNRS 7182)
- 94320 Thiais
- France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- LRC CNRS 7228
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- Mulhouse
- France
| | | | - Louise Breloy
- Systèmes Polymères Complexes
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE-UPEC, UMR CNRS 7182)
- 94320 Thiais
- France
| | - Samir Abbad-Andaloussi
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)
- Laboratoire Eau
- Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU)
- 94010 Créteil Cedex
- France
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Systèmes Polymères Complexes
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE-UPEC, UMR CNRS 7182)
- 94320 Thiais
- France
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28
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Noè C, Hakkarainen M, Sangermano M. Cationic UV-Curing of Epoxidized Biobased Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E89. [PMID: 33379390 PMCID: PMC7795534 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are among the most important building blocks for fabrication of thermosets for many different applications thanks to their superior thermo-mechanical properties and chemical resistance. The recent concerns on the environmental problems and the progressive depletion of petroleum feedstocks have drawn the research interest in finding biobased alternatives. Many curing techniques can be used to obtain the final crosslinked thermoset networks. The UV-curing technology can be considered the most environmentally friendly because of the absence of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and mild curing conditions. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of bio-based cationic UV-curable epoxy resins. Particular focus has been given to the sources of the bio-based epoxy monomers and the applications of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Noè
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
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29
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Kayani Z, Dehdari Vais R, Soratijahromi E, Mohammadi S, Sattarahmady N. Curcumin-gold-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles as a nanosensitizer for photothermal and sonodynamic therapies: In vitro and animal model studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102139. [PMID: 33310015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal and ultrasound therapies are novel non-invasive strategies for tumor treatment which are equipped with a photosensitizer and sonosensitizer subsequent activation by laser irradiation and ultrasound exposure. In this study, curcumin-gold-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles (Cur-Au NPs-PEG) were synthesized, and the dual role in photothermal (PTT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapies of melanoma cancer was evaluated. The toxicity effect of Cur-Au NPs-PEG against a mouse malignant melanoma cell line C540 (B16/F10) was firstly inspected in vitro. Cur-Au NPs-PEG provided a hyperthermal microenvironment and generated reactive oxygen species upon PTT and STD, respectively, with representing synergism effects. Studies in vivo in a tumor-bearing animal also demonstrate the superiority of PTT and SDT in destroying melanoma tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kayani
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Dehdari Vais
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - E Soratijahromi
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Mohammadi
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Radiology Technology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - N Sattarahmady
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Chaves Lamarque GC, Méndez DAC, Matos AA, Dionísio TJ, Machado MAAM, Magalhães AC, Oliveira RC, Cruvinel T. In vitro effect of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on fibroblasts: viability and cell signaling for apoptosis. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:1169-1175. [PMID: 32996021 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although it was demonstrated that curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is effective for reducing the viability of microbial cells and the vitality of oral biofilms, the cytotoxicity of this therapeutic approach for host cells has not been yet elucidated. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of curcumin-mediated aPDT on mouse fibroblasts. Cells were treated with 0.6 or 6 μmol.L-1 curcumin combined with 0.075 or 7.5 J.cm-2 LED at 455 nm. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet (CV) assays, while quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of Bax, Bad, Bcl-2, VDAC-1, cytochrome C, and Fas-L genes for apoptosis. The differences between groups were detected by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn's tests for MTT and CV assays and by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test for qRT-PCR (P < 0.05). The effect of 0.6 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 0.075 J.cm-2 LED (minimum parameter) did not differ statistically from control group; however, the combination of 0.6 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 7.5 J.cm-2 LED reduced viable cells in 34%, while the combinations of 6 μmol.L-1 curcumin plus 0.075 and 7.5 J.cm-2 LED reduced viable cells in 47% and 99%, respectively. aPDT increased significantly the relative expression of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, VDAC-1, and Fas-L genes, without influence on the ratio Bad/Bcl-2. Therefore, curcumin-mediated aPDT activated Bcl-2 apoptosis signaling pathways in mouse fibroblasts regarding present conditions, reducing the viability of cells with the increase of curcumin concentrations and light energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Campos Chaves Lamarque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Adriana Arruda Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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31
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Malik MS, Schlögl S, Wolfahrt M, Sangermano M. Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092146. [PMID: 32962306 PMCID: PMC7570253 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Markus Wolfahrt
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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32
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Li C, Sheng L, Sun G, Wang L. The application of ultraviolet-induced photo-crosslinking in edible film preparation and its implication in food safety. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Quinoline Schiff-base ligands as long-wavelength photosensitizers for diphenyliodonium salt. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Ferreira SBDS, Slowik KM, Castro Hoshino LVD, Baesso ML, Murdoch C, Colley HE, Bruschi ML. Mucoadhesive emulgel systems containing curcumin for oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment: From pre-formulation to cytotoxicity in tissue-engineering oral mucosa. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105372. [PMID: 32450222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current oral squamous cell carcinoma chemotherapies demonstrate off-target toxicity, which could be reduced by local delivery. Curcumin acts via many cellular targets to give anti-cancer properties; however the bioavailability is hindered by its physicochemical characteristics. The incorporation of curcumin into emulgel systems could be a promising approach for its solubilization and delivery. The aim of this work was to develop emulgel systems containing curcumin for the treatment of oral cancer. The emulgels containing curcumin were prepared with poloxamer 407, acrylic acid derivatives, oil phase (sesame oil or isopropyl myristate). The more stable system was evaluated for mechanical and rheological properties, as well as, the in vitro drug release profile, permeation and cytotoxic potential to oral mucosa models. The flow-throw system evidenced that the formulations could keep 5 min over porcine oral mucosa. Emulgel showed pseudoplastic behavior and a gelation temperature of 33 °C, which ensure their higher consistency. In addition, 70% of the incorporated curcumin was released within 24 h in an in vitro drug release study and could permeate porcine oral mucosa. Monolayers cultures and tissue-engineered models showed the selectivity of the drug and systems for tumor cells. The physicochemical properties, subsequent release and permeation of curcumin to selectivity kill cancer cells could be improved by the incorporation into emulgel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 97020-900, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Klaudia M Slowik
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 97020-900, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Luciano Baesso
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 97020-900, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Helen Elizabeth Colley
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 97020-900, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 97020-900, Maringa, Brazil.
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35
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Tsuchimura T. Recent Progress in Photo-Acid Generators for Advanced Photopolymer Materials. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tsuchimura
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation
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36
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Shigemune T, Marumo T, Tsuchiya N, Nonaka T, Takahara S. Photo Amphoteric Compound Generators for Environmentally-friendly Materials. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shigemune
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Takuya Marumo
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Nanaho Tsuchiya
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Takafumi Nonaka
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Shigeru Takahara
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
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37
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Kabatc J, Iwińska K, Balcerak A, Kwiatkowska D, Skotnicka A, Czech Z, Bartkowiak M. Onium salts improve the kinetics of photopolymerization of acrylate activated with visible light. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24817-24829. [PMID: 35517455 PMCID: PMC9055187 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was study the influence of onium salts on the kinetics of photopolymerization in the visible light region. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate TMPTA was selected as a monomer, and activated by 1,3-bis(phenylamino)squaraine (SQ) used as a photosensitizer in addition to tetramethylammonium n-butyltriphenylborate (B2). The iodonium salt [A–I–B]+X− functioned as a second radical initiator, bearing a different substitution pattern for the cation. The ternary system was formulated with different concentrations of both borate and diphenyliodonium salts. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the polymerization reaction over the photoactivation time carried out at 300 nm < λ < 500 nm irradiation. When the squaraine dye/borate salt was used as photoinitiator, a slow polymerization reaction was observed and a lower monomer conversion. The addition of a third component (onium salt) increased the polymerization rate and conversion. Ternary photoinitiator systems showed improvement in the polymerization rate of triacrylate leading to high conversion in a short photoactivation time. The photoinitiating ability of bi- and tri-component photoinitiators acting in the UV-Vis region for initiation polymerization of triacrylate was compared with those of some commercially used photoinitiating systems. It was also found, that, the parallel electron transfer from an excited state of the sensitizer to [A–I–B]+X−, and an electron transfer from a ground state of R(Ph)3B−N(CH3)4+ to an excited state of the sensitizer results in two types of initiating radical. The chemical mechanisms were investigated by steady state photolysis and nanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments. A mechanism for initiating polymerization using both onium salts is proposed here.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kabatc
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Katarzyna Iwińska
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Alicja Balcerak
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Agnieszka Skotnicka
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology Pułaskiego 10 70-322 Szczecin Poland
| | - Marcin Bartkowiak
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology Pułaskiego 10 70-322 Szczecin Poland
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38
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Ghaffari SB, Sarrafzadeh MH, Salami M, Khorramizadeh MR. A pH-sensitive delivery system based on N-succinyl chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles for improving antibacterial and anticancer activities of curcumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:428-440. [PMID: 32068061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inherent selective cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and unique physicochemical properties of ZnO nanostructures and chitosan (CS) make them promising candidates for drug delivery. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles functionalized by N-succinyl chitosan as a pH-sensitive delivery system were synthesized to enhance the therapeutic potential of curcumin (CUR). CS coated-ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a co-precipitation method in the presence of CS. Chemical modification of CS-ZnO particles was performed by succinic anhydride for introducing -COOH functional groups which were then activated using 1,1'‑carbonyldiimidazole for CUR conjugation. The spherical-like CUR-conjugated system (CUR-CS-ZnO) with the average particle size of 40 nm presented significantly enhanced water dispersibility versus free CUR. The experimental study of CUR release from the system showed a pH-sensitive release profile, which enabled drug delivery to tumors and infection sites. MTT and Annexin-V FITC/PI assays revealed the superior anticancer activity of CUR-CS-ZnO compared to free CUR against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) by inducing the apoptotic response with no cytotoxic effects on HEK293 normal cells. Moreover, CUR conjugation to the system notably dropped the MIC (25 to 50-fold) and MBC values (10 to 40-fold) against S. aureus and E. coli. The features qualify the formulation for anticancer and antimicrobial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Behnam Ghaffari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Maryam Salami
- Transport Laboratory Phenomena (TPL), Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - M Reza Khorramizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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39
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Tsuchimura T. Molecular Design and Function of Photo-acid Generators Utilized for Advanced Industries. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tsuchimura
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation
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40
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Ferreira SBDS, Braga G, Oliveira ÉL, da Silva JB, Rosseto HC, de Castro Hoshino LV, Baesso ML, Caetano W, Murdoch C, Colley HE, Bruschi ML. Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2304-2328. [PMID: 31886108 PMCID: PMC6902884 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive nanostructured systems comprising poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 974P® have already demonstrated good mucoadhesion, as well as improved mechanical and rheological properties. Curcumin displays excellent biological activity, mainly in oral squamous cancer; however, its physicochemical characteristics hinder its application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop nanostructured formulations containing curcumin for oral cancer therapy. The photophysical interactions between curcumin and the formulations were elucidated by incorporation kinetics and location studies. They revealed that the drug was quickly incorporated and located in the hydrophobic portion of nanometer-sized polymeric micelles. Moreover, the systems displayed plastic behavior with rheopexy characteristics at 37 °C, viscoelastic properties and a gelation temperature of 36 °C, which ensures increased retention after application in the oral cavity. The mucoadhesion results confirmed the previous findings with the nanostructured systems showing a residence time of 20 min in porcine oral mucosa under flow system conditions. Curcumin was released after 8 h and could permeate through the porcine oral mucosa. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that the formulations were selective to cancer cells over healthy cells. Therefore, these systems could improve the physicochemical characteristics of curcumin by providing improved release and permeation, while selectivity targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Braga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Hélen Cássia Rosseto
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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41
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Ghaffari SB, Sarrafzadeh MH, Fakhroueian Z, Khorramizadeh M. Flower-like curcumin-loaded folic acid-conjugated ZnO-MPA- βcyclodextrin nanostructures enhanced anticancer activity and cellular uptake of curcumin in breast cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Curcumin Encapsulated Micellar Nanoplatform for Blue Light Emitting Diode Induced Apoptosis as a New Class of Cancer Therapy. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Zhu F, Song Y, Liu S, Nie J, He Y. Preparation of polymerizable thermal initiator and its application in photo-induced thermal frontal polymerization. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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44
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Thaiane da Silva T, Cesar GB, Francisco CP, Mossini GG, Castro Hoshino LV, Sato F, Radovanovic E, Silva Agostini DL, Caetano W, Hernandes L, Matioli G. Electrospun curcumin/polycaprolactone/copolymer F‐108 fibers as a new therapy for wound healing. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamara Thaiane da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Gabriel Batista Cesar
- Department of ChemistryState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Carolina Pereira Francisco
- Department of Chemical EngineeringState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Guilherme Galerani Mossini
- Department of MedicineState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | | | - Francielle Sato
- Department of PhysicsState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Eduardo Radovanovic
- Department of ChemistryState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Deuber Lincon Silva Agostini
- Department of PhysicsState University of São Paulo (UNESP), 305 Roberto Simonsen Street 19060‐900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of ChemistryState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Luzmarina Hernandes
- Department of PhysicsState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
- Department of Morphological SciencesState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
| | - Graciette Matioli
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
- Department of PharmacyState University of Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue Maringá 87020‐900 PR Brazil
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Cusicanqui Méndez DA, Gutierrez E, Campos Chaves Lamarque G, Lopes Rizzato V, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M, Andrade Moreira Machado MA, Cruvinel T. The effectiveness of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy depends on pre-irradiation and biofilm growth times. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:474-480. [PMID: 31310825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the influence of distinct pre-irradiation times (PIT) of curcumin on the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against intact dentin caries biofilms grown for 3 or 5 days. METHODS The microcosm biofilms grew on non-fluorescent glass blocks immersed in McBain medium with 1% sucrose, using microaerophilic conditions at 37 °C for 3 or 5 days. The biofilms were treated by the association of 600 μmol.L-1 curcumin using different pre-irradiation times (1, 2 or 5 min) combined with 0 or 75 J.cm-2 blue LED. Then, the vitality of biofilms was determined by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), after being stained with the mixture of ethidium bromide and fluorescein diacetate. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests, after arcsine transformation (P < 0,05). RESULTS In comparison to control, curcumin alone (PIT = 5 min) and all combinations of curcumin and LED reduced significantly the vitality of 3-day biofilms. Distinctly, only curcumin plus LED using PITs of 2 or 5 min were effective in reducing the vitality of 5-day biofilms. CONCLUSION Curcumin-mediated aPDT significantly decreased the vitality of intact dentin caries microcosms grown during 3 or 5 days, although successful treatments of 5-day biofilms required longer PITs in comparison to their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Eliezer Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Campos Chaves Lamarque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Lopes Rizzato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.
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Phillips O, Engler A, Schwartz JM, Jiang J, Tobin C, Guta YA, Kohl PA. Sunlight photodepolymerization of transient polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Phillips
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - A. Engler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - J. M. Schwartz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - J. Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - C. Tobin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - Y. A. Guta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - P. A. Kohl
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
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47
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Cusicanqui Méndez DA, Gutierres E, José Dionisio E, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M, Cardoso Oliveira R, Andrade Moreira Machado MA, Cruvinel T. Curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces the viability and vitality of infected dentin caries microcosms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:102-108. [PMID: 30240927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, there is a lack of evidence on the effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) by the application of curcumin against complex biofilms of dental caries lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the viability, vitality, and acid metabolism of infected dentin caries microcosms treated with curcumin-mediated aPDT. METHODS After microcosm biofilms growing anaerobically on bovine dentin disks immersed in McBain medium with 1% sucrose at 37 °C for 5 days, the biofilms were treated by the association of DMSO water solution or 600 μmol L-1 curcumin with 0, 37.5 or 75 J cm-2 blue LED (455 nm). Then, the colony-forming units (CFU) counts of total microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci, and total lactobacilli were determined by plating. The lactic acid concentration was analyzed by enzymatic spectrophotometry method, while the vitality of intact biofilms was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS Curcumin alone did not affect the viability of microorganisms and the vitality of intact biofilms. However, 75 J cm-2 LED alone decreased the total microorganisms and total lactobacilli counts. The combination of curcumin and LED reduced significantly the counts of all microorganism groups and the vitality of intact biofilms. Differences were not observed between the lactic acid concentrations of distinct groups. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, curcumin-mediated aPDT was effective in reducing the viability and the vitality of infected dentin caries microcosms, without interfering in their acidogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliézer Gutierres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro José Dionisio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sun X, Jin M, Wu X, Pan H, Wan D, Pu H. Bis-substituted thiophene-containing oxime sulfonates photoacid generators for cationic polymerization under UV-visible LED irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghaiz 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghaiz 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghaiz 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghaiz 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghaiz 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongting Pu
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road; Shanghaiz 201804 People's Republic of China
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Han W, Fu H, Xue T, Liu T, Wang Y, Wang T. Facilely prepared blue-green light sensitive curcuminoids with excellent bleaching properties as high performance photosensitizers in cationic and free radical photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four blue-green light sensitive curcuminoids have been prepared using a facile method. High performances were found as photosensitizers in cationic and free radical photopolymerzation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Han
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tanlong Xue
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
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Ghaffari SB, Sarrafzadeh MH, Fakhroueian Z, Shahriari S, Khorramizadeh MR. Functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropionic acid for aqueous curcumin delivery: Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer assessment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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