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Click Chemistry: A Promising Tool for Building Hierarchical Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194077. [PMID: 36236024 PMCID: PMC9570962 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical structures are utilized at different levels in nature. Moreover, a wide spectrum of nature’s properties (e.g., mechanical, physical and biological properties) has been attributed to this hierarchy. Different reviews have been published to cover the use of click chemistry in building hierarchical structures. However, each one of those reviews focused on a narrow area on this topic, i.e., specific chemical reaction, such as in thiol-ene chemistry, or a specific molecule or compound such as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, or a certain range of hierarchical structures between the nano to micro range, e.g., nanocrystals. In this review, a frame to connect the dots between the different published works has been demonstrated. This article will not attempt to give an exhaustive review of all the published work in the field, instead the potential of click chemistry to build hierarchical structures of different levels using building blocks of different length scales has been shown through two main approaches. The first is a one-step direct formation of 3D micro/macrometer dimensions structures from Pico dimensions structures (molecules, monomers, etc.). The second approach includes several steps Pico ➔ 0D nano ➔ 1D nano ➔ 2D nano ➔ 3D nano/micro/macro dimensions structures. Another purpose of this review article is to connect between (a) the atomic theory, which covers the atoms and molecules in the picometer dimensions (picoscopic chemistry set); (b) “nano-periodic system” model, which covers different nanobuilding blocks in the nanometers range such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, buckyball, etc. which was developed by Tomalia; and (c) the micro/macrometer dimensions level.
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2
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Yildirimkaraman O, Özenler S, Gunay US, Durmaz H, Yıldız ÜH. Electroactive Nanogel Formation by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyester and Branched Polyethylenimine via Aza-Michael Addition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10902-10913. [PMID: 34477388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We here demonstrate the utilization of reactive layer-by-layer (rLBL) assembly to form a nanogel coating made of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and alkyne containing polyester (PE) on a gold surface. The rLBL is generated by the rapid aza-Michael addition reaction of the alkyne group of PE and the -NH2 groups of BPEI by yielding a homogeneous gel coating on the gold substrate. The thickness profile of the nanogel revealed that a 400 nm thick coating is formed by six multilayers of rLBL, and it exhibits 50 nm roughness over 8 μm distance. The LBL characteristics were determined via depth profiling analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and it has been shown that a 70-100 nm periodic increase in gel thickness is a consequence of consecutive cycles of rLBL. A detailed XPS analysis was performed to determine the yield of the rLBL reaction: the average yield was deduced as 86.4% by the ratio of the binding energies at 286.26 eV, (C═CN-C bond) and 283.33 eV, (C≡C triple bond). The electrochemical characterization of the nanogels ascertains that up to the six-multilayered rLBL of BPEI-PE is electroactive, and the nanogel permeability had led to drive mass and charge transfer effectively. These results promise that nanogel formation by rLBL films may be a straightforward modification of electrodes approach, and it exhibits potential for the application of soft biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sezer Özenler
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Ümit Hakan Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
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3
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Kareem OO, Rahmani F, Hyman JA, Keller CB, Pasquinelli MA, Savin DA, Grayson SM. Solution size variation of linear and dendritic bis-MPA analogs using DOSY- 1H NMR. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The size and size variability of bis-MPA dendrimers is shown to be smaller by DOSY-1H NMR than their linear analog, PBBM. This was accomplished using five different solvents and for the first time confirms, experimentally, what has been theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzin Rahmani
- Department of Forest Biomaterials
- Biltmore Hall
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Jason A. Hyman
- Department of Chemistry
- Percival Stern Hall
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | | | | | - Daniel A. Savin
- Department of Chemistry
- Leigh Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry
- Percival Stern Hall
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
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4
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Fujita H, Michinobu T. Covalent layer-by-layer thin films with charge-transfer chromophores: side chain engineering for efficient Ag + ion recognition in aqueous solutions. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9055-9060. [PMID: 30393801 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films are fabricated by a highly efficient [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction of aniline-substituted alkyne and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) moieties. Polystyrene bearing aniline-substituted alkyne side chains and TCNQ polyester were prepared as precursor polymers, then sequentially deposited and fixed by covalent bonds on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The successful alternate growth of the films was demonstrated by many techniques including absorption spectroscopy, surface roughness, and redox activities. Interestingly, the water contact angles of the film surface were dependent on the side chains of the polystyrene derivatives. When hydrophilic triethylene glycol was employed, the surface hydrophilicity was similar to that of the TCNQ polyester. In contrast, the use of hydrophobic n-hexyl groups resulted in a significant difference in the water contact angles between the polystyrene and TCNQ polyester. A similar difference occurred when the Ag+ ion recognition was studied by soaking the LbL films in aqueous solutions. The LbL films constructed from the polystyrene with triethylene glycol chains displayed a more rapid and significant recognition of Ag+ ions than those constructed from the polystyrene with n-hexyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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5
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An Q, Huang T, Shi F. Covalent layer-by-layer films: chemistry, design, and multidisciplinary applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5061-5098. [PMID: 29767189 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a powerful method used to construct functional ultrathin films that enables nanoscopic structural precision, componential diversity, and flexible design. Compared with conventional LbL films built using multiple noncovalent interactions, LbL films prepared using covalent crosslinking offer the following distinctive characteristics: (i) enhanced film endurance or rigidity; (ii) improved componential diversity when uncharged species or small molecules are stably built into the films by forming covalent bonds; and (iii) increased structural diversity when covalent crosslinking is employed in componential, spacial, or temporal (labile bonds) selective manners. In this review, we document the chemical methods used to build covalent LbL films as well as the film properties and applications achievable using various film design strategies. We expect to translate the achievement in the discipline of chemistry (film-building methods) into readily available techniques for materials engineers and thus provide diverse functional material design protocols to address the energy, biomedical, and environmental challenges faced by the entire scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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6
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Fujita H, Michinobu T. Functional Covalent Layer-by-Layer Thin Films by [2 + 2] Cycloaddition-Retroelectrocyclization. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:716-719. [PMID: 35632953 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films with the well-defined charge-transfer (CT) chromophores were fabricated by the highly efficient [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction between the dialkylaniline-substituted alkynes and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) moieties. The resulting thin films showed potent redox activities and Ag+ ion sensing ability due to the formed CT chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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7
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Lewis JEM, Winn J, Cera L, Goldup SM. Iterative Synthesis of Oligo[n]rotaxanes in Excellent Yield. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16329-16336. [PMID: 27700073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present an operationally simple iterative coupling strategy for the synthesis of oligomeric homo- and hetero[n]rotaxanes with precise control over the position of each macrocycle. The exceptional yield of the AT-CuAAC reaction, combined with optimized conditions that allow the rapid synthesis of the target oligomers, opens the door to the study of precision-engineered oligomeric interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Joby Winn
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Luca Cera
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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8
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Münster N, Nikodemiak P, Koert U. Chemoselective Layer-by-Layer Approach Utilizing Click Reactions with Ethynylcyclooctynes and Diazides. Org Lett 2016; 18:4296-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Münster
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Nikodemiak
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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9
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García-Gallego S, Nyström AM, Malkoch M. Chemistry of multifunctional polymers based on bis-MPA and their cutting-edge applications. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of Miktoarm Star-Shaped Polymers with POSS Core via a Combination of CuAAC Click Chemistry, ATRP, and ROP Techniques. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Mongkhontreerat S, Andrén OCJ, Boujemaoui A, Malkoch M. Dendritic hydrogels: From exploring various crosslinking chemistries to introducing functions and naturally abundant resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surinthra Mongkhontreerat
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oliver C. J. Andrén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Assya Boujemaoui
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Döhler D, Peterlik H, Binder WH. A dual crosslinked self-healing system: Supramolecular and covalent network formation of four-arm star polymers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Tinmaz HB, Arslan I, Tasdelen MA. Star polymers by photoinduced copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Busra Tinmaz
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
| | - Irem Arslan
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
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14
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Vonhören B, Roling O, De Bruycker K, Calvo R, Du Prez FE, Ravoo BJ. Ultrafast Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Thin Organic Films Based on Triazolinedione Click Chemistry. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:331-334. [PMID: 35596340 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer deposition is a widely used method for surface functionalization. It is shown here that up to 58 covalently linked molecular layers could be assembled in 20 min at room temperature on a silicon wafer by the layer-by-layer click reaction of a divalent triazolinedione and a trivalent diene. The layer growth was found to be linear. The multilayers were analyzed by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vonhören
- Organic
Chemistry Institute, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School
of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Roling
- Organic
Chemistry Institute, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School
of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research
Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roxan Calvo
- Organic
Chemistry Institute, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School
of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research
Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic
Chemistry Institute, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School
of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Jo H, Theato P. Post-polymerization Modification of Surface-Bound Polymers. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Carlmark A, Malmström E, Malkoch M. Dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA: functional polymeric scaffolds for application-driven research. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:5858-79. [PMID: 23628841 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic polymers are highly branched, globular architectures with multiple representations of functional groups. These nanoscale organic frameworks continue to fascinate researchers worldwide and are today under intensive investigation in application-driven research. A large number of potential application areas have been suggested for dendritic polymers, including theranostics, biosensors, optics, adhesives and coatings. The transition from potential to real applications is strongly dictated by their commercial accessibility, scaffolding ability as well as biocompatibility. A dendritic family that fulfills these requirements is based on the 2,2-bismethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA) monomer. This critical review is the first of its kind to cover most of the research activities generated on aliphatic polyester dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA. It is apparent that these scaffolds will continue to be in the forefront of cutting-edge research as their structural variations are endless including dendrons, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, dendritic-linear hybrids and their hybridization with inorganic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carlmark
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Ariga K, Yamauchi Y, Rydzek G, Ji Q, Yonamine Y, Wu KCW, Hill JP. Layer-by-layer Nanoarchitectonics: Invention, Innovation, and Evolution. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Gaulthier Rydzek
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Qingmin Ji
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Yusuke Yonamine
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Kevin C.-W. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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18
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Wang Y, Lin HX, Chen L, Ding SY, Lei ZC, Liu DY, Cao XY, Liang HJ, Jiang YB, Tian ZQ. What molecular assembly can learn from catalytic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:399-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Dimitriou MD, Kramer EJ, Hawker CJ. Advanced Techniques for the Characterization of Surface Structure in Polymer Thin Films and Coatings. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-013-0916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Krogman KC, Cohen RE, Hammond PT, Rubner MF, Wang BN. Industrial-scale spray layer-by-layer assembly for production of biomimetic photonic systems. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2013; 8:045005. [PMID: 24263056 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer assembly is a powerful and flexible thin film process that has successfully reproduced biomimetic photonic systems such as structural colour. While most of the seminal work has been carried out using slow and ultimately unscalable immersion assembly, recent developments using spray layer-by-layer assembly provide a platform for addressing challenges to scale-up and manufacturability. A series of manufacturing systems has been developed to increase production throughput by orders of magnitude, making commercialized structural colour possible. Inspired by biomimetic photonic structures we developed and demonstrated a heat management system that relies on constructive reflection of near infrared radiation to bring about dramatic reductions in heat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Krogman
- Svaya Nanotechnologies, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
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21
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Pierna M, Santos M, Arias FJ, Alonso M, Rodríguez-Cabello JC. Efficient cell and cell-sheet harvesting based on smart surfaces coated with a multifunctional and self-organizing elastin-like recombinamer. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1893-903. [PMID: 23614455 DOI: 10.1021/bm400268v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of smart surfaces with novel properties relevant for biomedical applications have been developed recently. Herein we focus on thermoresponsive surfaces that switch between cell-adherent and nonadherent states and their applications for cell harvesting. These smart surfaces are obtained by covalently coupling a tailored elastin-like recombinamer onto glass surfaces by means of the well-known and widely applied Click Chemistry methodology. The resulting recombinamer-functionalized surfaces have been characterized by means of water contact angle measurements, XPS and TOF-SIMS. A cell-based analysis of these surfaces with human fibroblasts showed a high degree of adhesion to the surface in its adherent state (37 °C), thus, promoting cell viability and proliferation. A temperature decrease triggers reorganization of the recombinamer, thus, markedly increasing the number of nonadherent domains and masking the adherent ones. This process allows a specific and efficient temporal control of cell adhesion and cell detachment. After determination of the properties required for a suitable cell-harvesting system, optimization of the process allows single cells or cell sheets from at least two types of cells (HFF-1 and ADSCs) to be rapidly harvested.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pierna
- Bioforge Group, University of Valladolid , CIBER-BBN Paseo de Belén 11, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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22
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Andrén OCJ, Walter MV, Yang T, Hult A, Malkoch M. Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol): Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Dendritic–Linear–Dendritic Block Copolymer Hybrids. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4003984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. J. Andrén
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie V. Walter
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ting Yang
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hult
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- School of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen. 56-58,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Öberg K, Ropponen J, Kelly J, Löwenhielm P, Berglin M, Malkoch M. Templating gold surfaces with function: a self-assembled dendritic monolayer methodology based on monodisperse polyester scaffolds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:456-465. [PMID: 23214500 DOI: 10.1021/la3041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance developed among several pathogenic bacterial strains has spurred interest in understanding bacterial adhesion down to a molecular level. Consequently, analytical methods that rely on bioactive and multivalent sensor surfaces are sought to detect and suppress infections. To deliver functional sensor surfaces with an optimized degree of molecular packaging, we explore a library of compact and monodisperse dendritic scaffolds based on the nontoxic 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA). A self-assembled dendritic monolayer (SADM) methodology to gold surfaces capitalizes on the design of aqueous soluble dendritic structures that bear sulfur-containing core functionalities. The nature of sulfur (either disulfide or thiol), the size of the dendritic framework (generation 1-3), the distance between the sulfur and the dendritic wedge (4 or 14 Å), and the type of functional end group (hydroxyl or mannose) were key structural elements that were identified to affect the packaging densities assembled on the surfaces. Both surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and resonance-enhanced surface impedance (RESI) experiments revealed rapid formation of homogenously covered SADMs on gold surfaces. The array of dendritic structures enabled the fabrication of functional gold surfaces displaying molecular covering densities of 0.33-2.2 molecules·nm(-2) and functional availability of 0.95-5.5 groups·nm(-2). The cell scavenging ability of these sensor surfaces for Escherichia coli MS7fim+ bacteria revealed 2.5 times enhanced recognition for G3-mannosylated surfaces when compared to G3-hydroxylated SADM surfaces. This promising methodology delivers functional gold sensor surfaces and represents a facile route for probing surface interactions between multivalently presented motifs and cells in a controlled surface setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Öberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Such GK, Johnston AP, Liang K, Caruso F. Synthesis and functionalization of nanoengineered materials using click chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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June SM, Bissel P, Long TE. Segmented block copolyesters using click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Bechler SL, Lynn DM. Reactive polymer multilayers fabricated by covalent layer-by-layer assembly: 1,4-conjugate addition-based approaches to the design of functional biointerfaces. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1523-32. [PMID: 22468967 PMCID: PMC3351563 DOI: 10.1021/bm300234q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on conjugate addition-based approaches to the covalent layer-by-layer assembly of thin films and the post-fabrication functionalization of biointerfaces. Our approach is based on a recently reported approach to the "reactive" assembly of covalently cross-linked polymer multilayers driven by the 1,4-conjugate addition of amine functionality in poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) to the acrylate groups in a small-molecule pentacrylate species (5-Ac). This process results in films containing degradable β-amino ester cross-links and residual acrylate and amine functionality that can be used as reactive handles for the subsequent immobilization of new functionality. Layer-by-layer growth of films fabricated on silicon substrates occurred in a supra-linear manner to yield films ≈ 750 nm thick after the deposition of 80 PEI/5-Ac layers. Characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggested a mechanism of growth that involves the reactive deposition of nanometer-scale aggregates of PEI and 5-Ac during assembly. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies revealed covalent assembly to occur by 1,4-conjugate addition without formation of amide functionality. Additional experiments demonstrated that acrylate-containing films could be postfunctionalized via conjugate addition reactions with small-molecule amines that influence important biointerfacial properties, including water contact angles and the ability of film-coated surfaces to prevent or promote the attachment of cells in vitro. For example, whereas conjugation of the hydrophobic molecule decylamine resulted in films that supported cell adhesion and growth, films treated with the carbohydrate-based motif D-glucamine resisted cell attachment and growth almost completely for up to 7 days in serum-containing media. We demonstrate that this conjugate addition-based approach also provides a means of immobilizing functionality through labile ester linkages that can be used to promote the long-term, surface-mediated release of conjugated species and promote gradual changes in interfacial properties upon incubation in physiological media (e.g., over a period of at least 1 month). These covalently cross-linked films are relatively stable in biological media for prolonged periods, but they begin to physically disintegrate after ≈ 30 days, suggesting opportunities to use this covalent layer-by-layer approach to design functional biointerfaces that ultimately erode or degrade to facilitate elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L Bechler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Döhler D, Michael P, Binder WH. Autocatalysis in the Room Temperature Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne–Azide “Click” Cycloaddition of Multivalent Poly(acrylate)s and Poly(isobutylene)s. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300405v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Döhler
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Philipp Michael
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06120, Germany
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Sinirlioglu D, Muftuoglu AE. Synthesis of an Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Material Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Polystyrene via Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization and Click Reactions. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577211x557558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sinirlioglu
- a Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekrem Muftuoglu
- b Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34500, Turkey;,
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Langecker J, Ritter H, Fichini A, Rupper P, Faller M, Hanselmann B. Ultrathin, flexible, and transparent polymer multilayer composites for the protection of silver surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:619-627. [PMID: 22257227 DOI: 10.1021/am2015684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver coatings at the nanoscale became of high interest for the integration of electronic functionalities on all kinds of objects for daily use. In these thin coatings, corrosion is a big problem as it destroys these thin layers and leads to a loss of conductivity due to missing bulk material. For protection of thin silver coatings against H(2)S induced corrosion, we developed nanocoatings based on the covalent layer-by-layer technique. We prepared composites by subsequent deposition of polyamines like polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyallylamine (PAAm) and polyanhydrides like poly(maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether) (Gantrez) or poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA). For the tuning of the hydrophobicity, the layers were terminated by reaction with palmitoylic acid derivatives. Reflectivity measurements, contact angle measurements, and AFM measurements were made to investigate how the coatings affect the surface properties. All coatings show a lower reflectivity below 450 nm compared to pure silver, depending on the number of layers deposited. The addition of a palmitoylic derivative to the surface increases the hydrophobicity, but only in case of the Gantrez-PVAm-composite, this approach leads to real hydrophobicity, reaching contact angles above 90°. AFM measurements show a decrease of the roughness of the polymer coated surfaces compared to the pure metal surfaces. Corrosion tests in a H(2)S atmosphere show a good protective effect of the palmitoyl-terminated composites. Martindale abrasion tests on coated textiles reveal a good stability of the prepared polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Langecker
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St Gallen.
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31
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Yuan W, Zhang J, Zou H, Shen T, Ren J. Amphiphilic ethyl cellulose brush polymers with mono and dual side chains: Facile synthesis, self-assembly, and tunable temperature-pH responsivities. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Krawicz A, Palazzo J, Wang GC, Dinolfo PH. Layer-by-layer assembly of Zn(ii) and Ni(ii) 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)porphyrin multilayers on Au using copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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33
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Palomaki PKB, Dinolfo PH. Structural analysis of porphyrin multilayer films on ITO assembled using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition by ATR IR. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4703-4713. [PMID: 22029689 DOI: 10.1021/am201125p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of grazing-angle attenuated total reflectance (GATR) IR and polarized UV-vis to determine the molecular structure of porphyrin based molecular multilayer films grown in a layer-by-layer (LbL) fashion using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The molecular orientation and bonding motif present in multilayer films of this type could impact their photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as potential applications. Multilayer films of M(II) 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)porphyrin (1 M = Zn, 2 M = Cu) and azido based linkers 3-5 were used to fabricate the films on ITO substrates. Electrochemically determined coverage of films containing 2 match the trends observed in the absorbance. GATR-IR spectral analysis of the films indicate that CuAAC reactivity is leading to 1,4-triazole linked multilayers with increasing porphyrin and linker IR characteristic peaks. Films grown using all azido-linkers (3-5) display an oscillating trend in azide IR intensity suggesting that the surface bound azido group reacts with 1 and that further layering can occur through additional reaction with linkers, regenerating the azide surface. Films containing linker 5 in particular show an overall increase in azide content suggesting that only two of the three available groups react during multilayer fabrication, causing an overall buildup of azide content in the film. Films of 1 with linker 3 and 5 showed an average porphyrin plane angle of 46.4° with respect to the substrate as determined by GATR FT-IR. Polarized UV-vis absorbance measurements correlate well with the growth angle calculated by IR. The orientation of the porphyrin plane within the multilayer structures suggests that the CuAAC-LbL process results in a film with a trans bonding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K B Palomaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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34
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Buck ME, Lynn DM. Layer-by-Layer Fabrication of Covalently Crosslinked and Reactive Polymer Multilayers Using Azlactone-Functionalized Copolymers: A Platform for the Design of Functional Biointerfaces. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2011; 13:B343-B352. [PMID: 30034272 PMCID: PMC6052878 DOI: 10.1002/adem.201080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for modulating the physicochemical properties of surfaces that is based on the reactive layer-by-layer fabrication of covalently crosslinked thin films using azlactone-functionalized copolymers. We demonstrate that copolymers containing different molar ratios of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDMA) can be alternately deposited with poly(ethyleneimine) to assemble covalently crosslinked thin films. Characterization using ellipsometry demonstrates that, in general, film growth and thickness decrease as the content of reactive, azlactone functionality in the copolymer used to assemble the film decreases. Reflective infrared spectroscopy experiments demonstrate that films fabricated from MMA:VDMA copolymers contain residual azlactone functionality and that these reactive groups can be exploited to modify film-coated surfaces. Fabricating films from MMA:VDMA copolymers containing different compositions permitted modulation of the density of reactive groups within the films and, thus, the extent to which the films are functionalized by exposure to small molecule amines. For example, functionalization of MMA:VDMA copolymer films with the small molecule D-glucamine resulted in films with water contact angles that varied with the composition of the copolymer used to fabricate the film (e.g., as the azlactone content in the film increased, glucamine-modified films became more hydrophilic). We demonstrate further that treatment of copolymer-containing films with glucamine resulted in changes in the numbers of mammalian cells that grow on the surfaces of the films. Our results suggest the basis of methods that could be used to modulate or tune the density of chemical and biological functionality presented on surfaces of interest in a variety of fundamental and applied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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35
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Soto-Cantu E, Lokitz BS, Hinestrosa JP, Deodhar C, Messman JM, Ankner JF, Kilbey SM. Versatility of alkyne-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate) layers for click reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5986-5996. [PMID: 21506527 DOI: 10.1021/la2000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional soft interfaces are of interest for a variety of technologies. We describe three methods for preparing substrates with alkyne groups, which show versatility for "click" chemistry reactions. Two of the methods have the same root: formation of thin, covalently attached, reactive interfacial layers of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) via spin coating onto silicon wafers followed by reactive modification with either propargylamine or 5-hexynoic acid. The amine or the carboxylic acid moieties react with the epoxy groups of PGMA, creating interfacial polymer layers decorated with alkyne groups. The third method consists of using copolymers comprising glycidyl methacrylate and propargyl methacrylate (pGP). The pGP copolymers are spin coated and covalently attached on silicon wafers. For each method, we investigate the factors that control film thickness and content of alkyne groups using ellipsometry, and study the nanophase structure of the films using neutron reflectometry. Azide-terminated polymers of methacrylic acid and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were attached to the alkyne-modified substrates using "click" chemistry, and grafting densities in the range of 0.007-0.95 chains nm(-2) were attained. The maximum density of alkyne groups attained by functionalization of PGMA with propargylamine or 5-hexynoic acid was approximately 2 alkynes nm(-3). The alkyne content obtained by the three decorating approaches was sufficiently high that it was not the limiting factor for the click reaction of azide-capped polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Soto-Cantu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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36
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Palomaki PKB, Krawicz A, Dinolfo PH. Thickness, surface morphology, and optical properties of porphyrin multilayer thin films assembled on Si(100) using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4613-4622. [PMID: 21410232 DOI: 10.1021/la104499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the structure, optical properties and surface morphology of Si(100) supported molecular multilayers resulting from a layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication method utilizing copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), also known as "click" chemistry. Molecular based multilayer films comprised of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)porphyrinzinc(II) (1) and either 1,3,5-tris(azidomethyl)benzene (2) or 4,4'-diazido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt (3) as a linker layer, displayed linear growth properties up to 19 bilayers. With a high degree of linearity, specular X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements yield an average thickness of 1.87 nm/bilayer for multilayers of 1 and 2 and 2.41 nm/bilayer for multilayers of 1 and 3. Surface roughnesses as determined by XRR data fitting were found to increase with the number of layers and generally were around 12% of the film thickness. Tapping mode AFM measurements confirm the continuous nature of the thin films with roughness values slightly larger than those determined from XRR. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements utilizing a Cauchy model mirror the XRR data for multilayer growth but with a slightly higher thickness per bilayer. Modeling of the ellipsometric data over the full visible region using an oscillator model produces an absorption profile closely resembling that of a multilayer grown on silica glass. Comparing intramolecular distances from DFT modeling with experimental film thicknesses, the average molecular growth angles were estimated between 40° and 70° with respect to the substrate surface depending on the bonding configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K B Palomaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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37
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Garg SM, Xiong XB, Lu C, Lavasanifar A. Application of Click Chemistry in the Preparation of Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) with Hydrolyzable Cross-Links in the Micellar Core. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102548m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam M Garg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Faculty of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiao-Bing Xiong
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Faculty of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Changhai Lu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Faculty of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Faculty of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kinnane CR, Such GK, Caruso F. Tuning the Properties of Layer-by-Layer Assembled Poly(acrylic acid) Click Films and Capsules. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Kinnane
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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39
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Kellum MG, Harris CA, Mccormick CL, Morgan SE. Stimuli‐responsive micelles of amphiphilic AMPS‐
b
‐AAL copolymers in layer‐by‐layer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Kellum
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Christopher A. Harris
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles L. Mccormick
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Sarah E. Morgan
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
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Yeniad B, Naik H, Amir RJ, Koning CE, Hawker CJ, Heise A. Encoded dendrimers with defined chiral composition via‘click’ reaction of enantiopure building blocks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9870-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12434j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Buck ME, Lynn DM. Free-standing and reactive thin films fabricated by covalent layer-by-layer assembly and subsequent lift-off of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:16134-40. [PMID: 20857952 PMCID: PMC2958244 DOI: 10.1021/la103009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to the fabrication of free-standing and amine-reactive thin films that is based on the reactive layer-by-layer assembly and subsequent lift-off of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. We demonstrate that covalently cross-linked multilayers fabricated using the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) and a primary amine-containing polymer [poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)] can be delaminated from planar glass and silicon surfaces by immersion in mildly acidic aqueous environments to yield flexible freestanding membranes. These free-standing membranes are robust and can withstand exposure to strong acid, strong base, or incubation in high ionic strength solutions that typically lead to the disruption and erosion of polymer multilayers assembled by reversible weak interactions (e.g., "polyelectrolyte multilayers" assembled by electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding). We demonstrate further that these PEI/PVDMA assemblies contain residual reactive azlactone functionality that can be exploited to chemically modify the films (either directly after fabrication or after they have been lifted off of the substrates on which they were fabricated) using a variety of amine-functionalized small molecules. These free-standing membranes can also be transferred readily onto other objects (for example, onto the surfaces of planar substrates containing holes or pores) to fabricate suspended polymer membranes and other film-functionalized interfaces. In addition to planar, two-dimensional free-standing films, this approach can be used to fabricate and isolate three-dimensional free-standing membranes (e.g., curved films or tubes) by layer-by-layer assembly on, and subsequent lift-off from, the surfaces of topologically complex substrates (e.g., the curved ends of glass tubing, etc.). The results of this investigation, when combined, suggest the basis of methods for the fabrication of stable, chemically reactive, and flexible polymer thin films and membranes of potential utility in a variety of fundamental and applied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Yoon JA, Young T, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Thermocurable hyperbranched polystyrenes for ultrathin polymer dielectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:2475-2480. [PMID: 20707329 DOI: 10.1021/am100463z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermocurable hyperbranched polystyrenes were successfully synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization and exhibited superior ultrathin film formation capabilities in comparison with the linear analogues, as assessed by the minimal film thickness attainable by spin-coating without dewetting. They were suitable as ultrathin film organic dielectrics, with parallel plate specific capacitances as high as ∼680 nF/cm2. Similar to high performance inorganic dielectrics, capacitance measurements pointed to the presence of "dead" interfacial capacitance, which could be accounted for by considering the geometric effect of roughness "incommensurability" between metal electrode and polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ae Yoon
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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44
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Boye S, Komber H, Friedel P, Lederer A. Solution properties of selectively modified hyperbranched polyesters. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Gill R, Mazhar M, Félix O, Decher G. Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Solvent Memory of Multilayer Films from Homobifunctional Poly(dimethylsiloxane). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Gill R, Mazhar M, Félix O, Decher G. Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Solvent Memory of Multilayer Films from Homobifunctional Poly(dimethylsiloxane). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6116-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Gorur M, Yilmaz F, Kilic A, Demirci A, Ozdemir Y, Kosemen A, Eren San S. Synthesis, characterization, electrochromic properties, and electrochromic device application of a novel star polymer consisting of thiophene end-capped poly(ε-caprolactone) arms emanating from a hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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