1
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Tunstall-García H, Lawson T, Benincasa KA, Prentice AW, Saravanamuttu K, Evans RC. Interplay of Luminophores and Photoinitiators during Synthesis of Bulk and Patterned Luminescent Photopolymer Blends. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:6314-6322. [PMID: 38903400 PMCID: PMC11186006 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Four-dimensional printing with embedded photoluminescence is emerging as an exciting area in additive manufacturing. Slim polymer films patterned with three-dimensional lattices of multimode cylindrical waveguides (waveguide-encoded lattices, WELs) with enhanced fields of view can be fabricated by localizing light as self-trapped beams within a photopolymerizable formulation. Luminescent WELs have potential applications as solar cell coatings and smart planar optical components. However, as luminophore-photoinitiator interactions are expected to change the photopolymerization kinetics, the design of robust luminescent photopolymer sols is nontrivial. Here, we use model photopolymer systems based on methacrylate-siloxane and epoxide homopolymers and their blends to investigate the influence of the luminophore Lumogen Violet (LV) on the photolysis kinetics of the Omnirad 784 photoinitiator through UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy. Initial rate analysis with different bulk polymers reveals differences in the pseudo-first-order rate constants in the absence and presence of LV, with a notable increase (∼40%) in the photolysis rate for the 1:1 blend. Fluorescence quenching studies, coupled with density functional theory calculations, establish that these differences arise due to electron transfer from the photoexcited LV to the ground-state photoinitiator molecules. We also demonstrate an in situ UV-vis absorbance technique that enables real-time monitoring of both waveguide formation and photoinitiator consumption during the fabrication of WELs. The in situ photolysis kinetics confirm that LV-photoinitiator interactions also influence the photopolymerization process during WEL formation. Our findings show that luminophores play a noninnocent role in photopolymerization and highlight the necessity for both careful consideration of the photopolymer formulation and a real-time monitoring approach to enable the fabrication of high-quality micropatterned luminescent polymeric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tunstall-García
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Takashi Lawson
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Kathryn A. Benincasa
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Andrew W. Prentice
- School
of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | | | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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2
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Photoinitiating Systems Designed for Solar Photocrosslinking Polymerization Reactions. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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3
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Förster C, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Recent developments in visible light induced polymerization towards its application to nanopores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1554-1568. [PMID: 36655782 PMCID: PMC9904278 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Visible light induced polymerizations are a strongly emerging field in recent years. Besides the often mild reaction conditions, visible light offers advantages of spatial and temporal control over chain growth, which makes visible light ideal for functionalization of surfaces and more specifically of nanoscale pores. Current challenges in nanopore functionalization include, in particular, local and highly controlled polymer functionalizations. Using spatially limited light sources such as lasers or near field modes for light-induced polymer functionalization is envisioned to allow local functionalization of nanopores and thereby improve nanoporous material performance. These light sources are usually providing visible light while classical photopolymerizations are mostly based on UV-irradiation. In this review, we highlight developments in visible light induced polymerizations and especially in visible light induced controlled polymerizations as well as their potential for nanopore functionalization. Existing examples of visible light induced polymerizations in nanopores are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Förster
- Macromolecular Chemistry – Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermanyannette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry – Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermanyannette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
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4
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High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for LED-Induced Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020342. [PMID: 36679223 PMCID: PMC9860695 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, increasing attention has been focused on light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-induced photopolymerization. The common LEDs (e.g., LED at 365 nm and LED at 405 nm) possess narrow emission bands. Due to their light absorption properties, most commercial photoinitiators are sensitive to UV light and cannot be optimally activated under visible LED irradiation. Although many photoinitiators have been designed for LED-induced free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization, there is still the issue of the mating between photoinitiators and LEDs. Therefore, the development of novel photoinitiators, which could be applied under LED irradiation, is significant. Many photoinitiating systems have been reported in the past decade. In this review, some recently developed photoinitiators used in LED-induced photopolymerization, mainly in the past 5 years, are summarized and categorized as Type Ⅰ photoinitiators, Type Ⅱ photoinitiators, and dye-based photoinitiating systems. In addition, their light absorption properties and photoinitiation efficiencies are discussed.
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5
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Pierau L, Elian C, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Caillol S, Versace DL. Bio-sourced Monomers and Cationic Photopolymerization: The Green combination towards Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Yee DW, Greer JR. Three‐dimensional
chemical reactors:
in situ
materials synthesis to advance vat photopolymerization. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl W. Yee
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
| | - Julia R. Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
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7
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Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Jung K, Boyer C. Gesteuerte Reaktionsorthogonalität in der Polymer‐ und Materialwissenschaft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa 16310 Turkey
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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8
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Malik MS, Schlögl S, Wolfahrt M, Sangermano M. Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092146. [PMID: 32962306 PMCID: PMC7570253 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Markus Wolfahrt
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Corrigan N, Ciftci M, Jung K, Boyer C. Mediating Reaction Orthogonality in Polymer and Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1748-1781. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Bursa Technical University Bursa 16310 Turkey
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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10
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New bio-sourced hydrogen donors as high performance coinitiators and additives for CQ-based systems: Toward aromatic amine-free photoinitiating systems. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Liu R, Xu Y, Jia J, Chen P, Zhang F, Zhang L, Chen Y. Improvement on curing performance and morphology of E5I/TPGDA mixture in a free radical-cationic hybrid photopolymerization system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Wang C, Meng X, Li Z, Li M, Jin M, Liu R, Yagci Y. Chemiluminescence Induced Cationic Photopolymerization Using Sulfonium Salt. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:471-475. [PMID: 35648504 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A visible light cationic photoinitiating system under chemiluminescence irradiation using sulfonium salt is reported. The visible light emitted from the chemiluminescence reactions, absorbed by the sulfonium salt, essentially leads to the formation of protonic acids capable of initiating cationic polymerization of oxirane and vinyl monomers. The process is suitable for the formation of linear polymer chains as well as cross-linked functional networks with aggregation-induced emission property. Notably, high "post polymerization" efficiency in dark (∼20%) was observed, which can compensate the limited chemiluminescence fluorescence efficiency and favors to increase the conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Zhang J, Wang S, Lalevée J, Morlet‐Savary F, Lam ES, Graff B, Liu J, Xing F, Xiao P. 1,2‐Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free‐radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Elizabeth S.‐H. Lam
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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14
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Tasdelen MA, Lalevée J, Yagci Y. Photoinduced free radical promoted cationic polymerization 40 years after its discovery. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01903k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization has been described with its historical background, main principles and usage in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Membre Honoraire de l'Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) (promotion 2011) Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Istanbul
- Turkey
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15
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Chaambi A, Kurtay G, Abderrahim R, Robert F, Landais Y. Aryl Radical‐Mediated Alkenylation of Alkyl Halides. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Chaambi
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
- 05/UR/13-01, LPMLNMHCarthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte 7021 Jarzouna Tunisia
| | - Gülbin Kurtay
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Raoudha Abderrahim
- 05/UR/13-01, LPMLNMHCarthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte 7021 Jarzouna Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
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16
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Sangermano M, Antonazzo I, Sisca L, Carello M. Photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy–carbon fibre composites. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Ippazio Antonazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sisca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e AerospazialePolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Massimiliana Carello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e AerospazialePolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
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17
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Wang X, Cui K, Xuan Q, Zhu C, Zhao N, Xu J. Blue Laser Projection Printing of Conductive Complex 2D and 3D Metallic Structures from Photosensitive Precursors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21668-21674. [PMID: 31117433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitive precursors are developed for the printing of 2D and 3D conductive structures via blue laser projection printing. With the assistance of a photosensitizer, metal nanoparticles can be efficiently photosynthesized under laser irradiation of low light intensity (45-290 mW cm-2). By projecting well-defined laser patterns on the precursor, corresponding 2D metal structures with the finest line of about 50 μm can be formed on various substrates including flexible polymer thin films, curved substrates, and ground glass. Moreover, complex 3D objects with nanoparticles embedded in the polymeric matrix are constructed via 3D printing combining photoreduction of the metal precursor and photopolymerization of resin. The as-prepared structures exhibit promising conductivities after sintering (in the order of magnitude of 106 S m-1). A possible mechanism of photochemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles upon exposure to blue laser is proposed. The high efficiency and low cost of the technique, the complexity of the structures prepared, and the applicability to various substrates and metals (including silver, gold, and palladium) promise practical applications of this approach in the printed electronics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qin Xuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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18
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New Horizons in Cationic Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020136. [PMID: 30966172 PMCID: PMC6414887 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we report some recent advances and new horizons in UV-induced cationic photopolymerization. In particular, after a brief introduction on the discovery and affirmation of the cationic photopolymerization process, new efforts in the synthesis of cationic photoinitiators are reported. Subsequently, an interesting and absolutely new application is reported, related to the combination of Radical-Induced Cationic Photopolymerization with Frontal Polymerization, achieving the cross-linking of epoxy composites.
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19
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Sangermano M, Razza N, Graham G, Barandiaran I, Kortaberria G. Electrically insulating polymeric nanocomposites with enhanced thermal conductivity by visible-light curing of epoxy-boron nitride nanotube formulations. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Nicolò Razza
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Gabriele Graham
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Irati Barandiaran
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department; Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa; Donostia Spain
| | - Galder Kortaberria
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department; Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa; Donostia Spain
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20
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Chen FH, Pathreeker S, Biria S, Hosein ID. Synthesis of Micropillar Arrays via Photopolymerization: An in Situ Study of Light-Induced Formation, Growth Kinetics, and the Influence of Oxygen Inhibition. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hao Chen
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Shreyas Pathreeker
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Saeid Biria
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ian D. Hosein
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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21
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Shi S, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X. Photoinitiating systems for cationic photopolymerization: Ongoing push toward long wavelengths and low light intensities. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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A novel photoinitiating system producing germyl radicals for the polymerization of representative methacrylate resins: Camphorquinone/R3GeH/iodonium salt. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1226-1234. [PMID: 27567540 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study is to find an amine free photoinitiating system (PIS) for the polymerization of representative dental methacrylate resins. A photoinitiating system (PIS) based on camphorquinone (CQ)/triphenylgermanium hydride/diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate is proposed and compared to the conventional CQ/amine couple. The polymerization monitoring of thin (∼20μm) and thick (1.4mm) samples of a bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) blend (70%/30% w/w) and of a urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) upon exposure to a commercial blue LED centered at 477nm under air or in laminate is described. Finally, the impact of the photoinitiating system composition on the final polymer color is evaluated in detail. METHODS FTIR and DSC experiments are used to record the photopolymerization profiles. ESR spectrometry and steady state photolysis are used to detect the produced radicals. Color measurements are carried out to determine the key parameters in the bleaching of the different dental formulations. RESULTS The efficiency of the newly proposed PISs for the photopolymerization of BisGMA/TEGDMA and UDMA for thin (20μm) or for thick (1.4mm) samples upon exposure to a dental blue LED under air is excellent. It is noticeably higher than that of the CQ/amine reference couple. Excellent bleaching properties are also observed under irradiation in presence of the new PISs. A good correlation is found between the sample bleaching and the amount of Ph3GeH in the formulation. The excited state processes could be established. The overall chemical mechanisms for the initiation step were also clarified.
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Zhang J, Xiao P, Dietlin C, Campolo D, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Morlet-Savary F, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Cationic Photoinitiators for Near UV and Visible LEDs: A Particular Insight into One-Component Systems. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design; School of Chemistry; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Celine Dietlin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Damien Campolo
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR - UMR CNRS 7273; Aix-Marseille Université équipe CROPS; case 542, avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Frederic Dumur
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR - UMR CNRS 7273; Aix-Marseille Université équipe CROPS; case 542, avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR - UMR CNRS 7273; Aix-Marseille Université équipe CROPS; case 542, avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
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24
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Dadashi-Silab S, Doran S, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions for Macromolecular Syntheses. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10212-75. [PMID: 26745441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions, particularly those involving photoinduced electron transfer processes, establish a substantial contribution to the modern synthetic chemistry, and the polymer community has been increasingly interested in exploiting and developing novel photochemical strategies. These reactions are efficiently utilized in almost every aspect of macromolecular architecture synthesis, involving initiation, control of the reaction kinetics and molecular structures, functionalization, and decoration, etc. Merging with polymerization techniques, photochemistry has opened up new intriguing and powerful avenues for macromolecular synthesis. Construction of various polymers with incredibly complex structures and specific control over the chain topology, as well as providing the opportunity to manipulate the reaction course through spatiotemporal control, are one of the unique abilities of such photochemical reactions. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of photoinduced electron transfer reactions in polymer synthesis. Besides traditional photopolymerization methods, namely free radical and cationic polymerizations, step-growth polymerizations involving electron transfer processes are included. In addition, controlled radical polymerization and "Click Chemistry" methods have significantly evolved over the last few decades allowing access to narrow molecular weight distributions, efficient regulation of the molecular weight and the monomer sequence and incredibly complex architectures, and polymer modifications and surface patterning are covered. Potential applications including synthesis of block and graft copolymers, polymer-metal nanocomposites, various hybrid materials and bioconjugates, and sequence defined polymers through photoinduced electron transfer reactions are also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sean Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Zhang J, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. New role of aminothiazonaphthalimide derivatives: outstanding photoinitiators for cationic and radical photopolymerizations under visible LEDs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09422h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminothiazonaphthalimide derivatives can act as photoinitiators (when combined with additives) to start the cationic polymerization or the radical polymerization upon exposure to visible LEDs or a polychromatic visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
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26
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dell'Erba IE, Arenas GF, Schroeder WF. Visible-light photopolymerization of DGEBA promoted by silsesquioxanes functionalized with cycloaliphatic epoxy groups. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Karasu F, Rocco C, Zhang Y, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X, van der Ven LGJ, van Benthem RATM, Esteves ACC, de With G. LED-cured self-replenishing hydrophobic coatings based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
LED-cured IPN-based coatings bearing hydrophobic functional groups have been developed in order to obtain hydrophobic self-replenishing surfaces with improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Karasu
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI)
| | - C. Rocco
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI)
| | - Y. Zhang
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI)
- 5600 AX Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
| | - C. Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - X. Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - L. G. J. van der Ven
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612AJ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - R. A. T. M. van Benthem
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612AJ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - A. C. C. Esteves
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612AJ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - G. de With
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612AJ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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28
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Mokbel H, Poriel C, Rault-Berthelot J, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Cordella D, Detrembleur C, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. A glance at violet LED sensitive photoinitiators based on the spiroxanthene scaffold. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifaa Mokbel
- Institut De Science Des Matériaux De Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361 - UHA; 15, Rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
- Laboratoire De Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement Et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise; Campus Hariri Hadath Liban Beyrouth
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Université De Rennes 1-UMR CNRS 6226 “Sciences Chimiques De Rennes”-MaCSE Group; Bat 10C Campus De Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Rault-Berthelot
- Université De Rennes 1-UMR CNRS 6226 “Sciences Chimiques De Rennes”-MaCSE Group; Bat 10C Campus De Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut De Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273; Marseille F-13397 France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut De Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273; Marseille F-13397 France
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratoire De Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement Et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise; Campus Hariri Hadath Liban Beyrouth
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Laboratoire De Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement Et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise; Campus Hariri Hadath Liban Beyrouth
| | - Daniela Cordella
- Chemistry Department; University of Liege (ULg), Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM); Sart-Tilman B6A Liège 4000 Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Chemistry Department; University of Liege (ULg), Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM); Sart-Tilman B6A Liège 4000 Belgium
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut De Science Des Matériaux De Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361 - UHA; 15, Rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut De Science Des Matériaux De Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361 - UHA; 15, Rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
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29
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Morlet-Savary F, Klee JE, Pfefferkorn F, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. The Camphorquinone/Amine and Camphorquinone/Amine/Phosphine Oxide Derivative Photoinitiating Systems: Overview, Mechanistic Approach, and Role of the Excitation Light Source. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | | | | | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
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30
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Aguirre-Soto A, Hwang AT, Glugla D, Wydra JW, McLeod RR, Bowman CN, Stansbury JW. Coupled UV–Vis/FT–NIR Spectroscopy for Kinetic Analysis of Multiple Reaction Steps in Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Aguirre-Soto
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Albert T. Hwang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - David Glugla
- Department
of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 425 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - James W. Wydra
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Robert R. McLeod
- Department
of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 425 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department
of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, 12800 East 19th Ave., Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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31
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Mokbel H, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Dumur F, Campolo D, Gigmes D, Pierre Fouassier J, Ortyl J, Lalevée J. Specific cationic photoinitiators for near UV and visible LEDs: Iodonium versus ferrocenium structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifaa Mokbel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri; Hadath, Beyrouth Liban
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri; Hadath, Beyrouth Liban
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri; Hadath, Beyrouth Liban
| | - Frederic Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; UMR 7273 F-13397 Marseille France
| | - Damien Campolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; UMR 7273 F-13397 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; UMR 7273 F-13397 Marseille France
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; Warszawska 24 Cracow 31-155 Poland, and Photo HiTech Ltd. bobrzynskiego 14, Cracow 30-348, Poland
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
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32
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N-Vinylcarbazole: As an Additive for Thermal Polymerization at Room Temperature with in situ Formation of Ag(0) Nanoparticules. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/app5030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Zhang J, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Naphthalimide Derivatives: Substituent Effects on the Photoinitiating Ability in Polymerizations under Near UV, Purple, White and Blue LEDs (385, 395, 405, 455, or 470 nm). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; ENSCMu-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR UMR 7273; F-13397 Marseille France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; ENSCMu-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; ENSCMu-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR UMR 7273; F-13397 Marseille France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; ENSCMu-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; ENSCMu-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
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34
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Lalevée J, Mokbel H, Fouassier JP. Recent Developments of Versatile Photoinitiating Systems for Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization Operating at Any Wavelengths and under Low Light Intensity Sources. Molecules 2015; 20:7201-21. [PMID: 25903368 PMCID: PMC6272644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinitiators (PI) or photoinitiating systems (PIS) usable in light induced cationic polymerization (CP) and free radical promoted cationic polymerization (FRPCP) reactions (more specifically for cationic ring opening polymerization (ROP)) together with the involved mechanisms are briefly reviewed. The recent developments of novel two- and three-component PISs for CP and FRPCP upon exposure to low intensity blue to red lights is emphasized in details. Examples of such reactions under various experimental conditions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Haifaa Mokbel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
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35
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Zhang J, Dumur F, Xiao P, Graff B, Bardelang D, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Structure Design of Naphthalimide Derivatives: Toward Versatile Photoinitiators for Near-UV/Visible LEDs, 3D Printing, and Water-Soluble Photoinitiating Systems. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille
Université CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - David Bardelang
- Aix-Marseille
Université CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille
Université CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
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36
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Ge X, Ye Q, Song L, Misra A, Spencer P. Visible-Light Initiated Free-Radical/Cationic Ring-Opening Hybrid Photopolymerization of Methacrylate/Epoxy: Polymerization Kinetics, Crosslinking Structure, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015; 216:856-872. [PMID: 28713208 PMCID: PMC5507371 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of polymerization kinetics and chemical miscibility on the crosslinking structure and mechanical properties of polymers cured by visible-light initiated free-radical/cationic ring-opening hybrid photopolymerization are determined. A three-component initiator system is used and the monomer system contains methacrylates and epoxides. The photopolymerization kinetics is monitored in situ by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance. The crosslinking structure is studied by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. X-ray microcomputed tomography is used to evaluate microphase separation. The mechanical properties of polymers formed by hybrid formed by free-radical polymerization. These investigations mark the first time that the benefits of the chain transfer reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl groups of methacrylate, on the crosslinking network and microphase separation during hybrid visible-light initiated photopolymerization, have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ge
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Linyong Song
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
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37
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Zhang J, Dumur F, Bouzrati M, Xiao P, Dietlin C, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Novel panchromatic photopolymerizable matrices:N,N'-dibutylquinacridone as an efficient and versatile photoinitiator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Mariem Bouzrati
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
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38
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Ciftci M, Kork S, Xu G, Buchmeiser MR, Yagci Y. Polyethylene-g-poly(cyclohexene oxide) by Mechanistic Transformation from ROMP to Visible Light-Induced Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ciftci
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Kork
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guangjuan Xu
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwladring 55, D-70550 Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwladring 55, D-70550 Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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39
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Visible light sensitive photoinitiating systems: Recent progress in cationic and radical photopolymerization reactions under soft conditions. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Cook WD, Chen F. Enhanced visible radiation photopolymerization of dimethacrylates with the three component thioxanthone (CPTXO)–amine–iodonium salt system. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The three component thioxanthone/iodonium/amine visible light photoinitiator system is four times more efficient due to irreversible oxidation of the ketyl and the amine radicals by the iodonium salt and the regeneration of the thioxanthone and produce twice as many active radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne D. Cook
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Wellington Road
- Monash University
- Victoria 3800
- Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Wellington Road
- Monash University
- Victoria 3800
- Australia
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41
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Chen Y, Jia X, Wang M, Wang T. A synergistic effect of a ferrocenium salt on the diaryliodonium salt-induced visible-light curing of bisphenol-A epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16077k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaryliodonium and ferrocenium salts undergo photo-electron transfer (PET) to initiate photopolymerizations under a halogen lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineer and Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology 144#
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineer and Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology 144#
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineer and Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology 144#
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineer and Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology 144#
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
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42
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Zhang J, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Amino and nitro substituted 2-amino-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-diones: as versatile photoinitiators of polymerization from violet-blue LED absorption to a panchromatic behavior. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The well-designed 2-amino-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-(2H)-dione derivatives exhibit an excellent photopolymerization ability upon LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
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43
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Zhang J, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Naphthalimide-phthalimide derivative based photoinitiating systems for polymerization reactions under blue lights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu-UHA 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR7273; 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu-UHA 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu-UHA 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR7273; 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu-UHA 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
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44
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Shao J, Huang Y, Fan Q. Visible light initiating systems for photopolymerization: status, development and challenges. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A review of recent advances in visible light initiating systems using free radical, cationic and hybrid photoinitiators is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qinguo Fan
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Bioengineering
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45
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Claudino M, Mathevet JM, Jonsson M, Johansson M. Bringingd-limonene to the scene of bio-based thermoset coatings via free-radical thiol–ene chemistry: macromonomer synthesis, UV-curing and thermo-mechanical characterization. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Chatani S, Kloxin CJ, Bowman CN. The power of light in polymer science: photochemical processes to manipulate polymer formation, structure, and properties. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01334k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Bui TT, Goubard F, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Lalevée J. Panchromatic Photopolymerizable Cationic Films Using Indoline and Squaraine Dye Based Photoinitiating Systems. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:736-740. [PMID: 35606960 DOI: 10.1021/mz400316y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The photoinitiating abilities of indoline and squaraine dyes (D102 and SQ02) incorporated in multicomponent systems for the cationic polymerization of an epoxide or a vinyl ether have been investigated. The polymerizable films exhibit a panchromatic character as revealed by their photosensitivity to a halogen lamp (370-800 nm); household LED bulbs centered at 462 nm (blue), 514 nm (green), 591 nm (yellow), and 630 nm (red); and laser diodes at 457, 473, 532, and 635 nm. SQ02 is particularly efficient in the 520-700 nm range, while D102 exhibits a good efficiency in the 400-580 nm region. The radical photopolymerization of an acrylate can also be observed particularly at 635 nm or upon a halogen lamp. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady state photolysis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance spin trapping, and laser flash photolysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Thanh Tuan Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI, EA 2528, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI, EA 2528, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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48
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Red-light-induced cationic photopolymerization: perylene derivatives as efficient photoinitiators. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1452-8. [PMID: 23922314 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nine different perylene derivatives are prepared and their ability to initiate, when combined with an iodonium salt (and optionally N-vinylcarbazole), a ring-opening cationic photopolymerization of epoxides under very soft halogen lamp irradiation is investigated. One of them is particularly efficient under a red laser diode exposure at 635 nm and belongs now to the very few systems available at this wavelength. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady-state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, CNRS, UMR 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse Cedex, 68057, France
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49
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Vilà N, Graff B, Mayer CR, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Lalevée J. A multicolor photoinitiator for cationic polymerization and interpenetrated polymer network synthesis: 2,7-di-tert-butyldimethyldihydropyrene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1104-9. [PMID: 23733612 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For polymer synthesis upon visible light, actual photoinitiator operates in a restricted part of the spectrum. As a consequence, several photoinitiators are necessary to harvest all of the emitted visible photons. Herein, 2,7-di-tert-butyldimethyldihydropyrene is used for the first time as a multicolor photoinitiator for the cationic polymerization of epoxides. Upon addition of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and optionally N-vinylcarbazole, the originality of this approach is to allow efficient monomer conversions under various excitation light sources in the 360-650 nm wavelength range: halogen lamps, and light-emitting and laser diodes. The synthesis of an interpenetrated polymer network from an epoxide/acrylate blend using a red light at 635 nm is also feasible. The formed polymer material exhibits a photochromic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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50
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Telitel S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Graff B, Fouassier J, Lalevée J. New functionalized aromatic ketones as photoinitiating systems for near visible and visible light induced polymerizations. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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