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Mena-Hernando S, Eaton M, Fernández-Blázquez JP, López-Moreno A, Pedersen H, Pérez EM. Mechanical Interlocking to Unlock the Reinforcing Potential of Carbon Nanotubes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301490. [PMID: 37452643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) present extraordinary mechanical properties, with Youngs' modulus>1 TPa and tensile strength>50 GPa; this makes them ideal candidates as fillers for the reinforcement of polymers. However, the performance of SWNTs in this field has fallen behind expectations. This is due to a combination of imperfect individualization of the SWNTs and poor load transfer from the polymer to the SWNTs. Here, we study the reinforcement of polymers of different chemical nature using mechanically interlocked derivatives of single-walled carbon nanotubes (MINTs). We compare the mechanical properties of fibers made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polysulfone (PSU) and their composites made with pristine SWNTs, MINTs, and the corresponding supramolecular models. With very low loading of MINTs (0.01 % w/w), improvements of more than 100 % on Youngs Modulus and the tensile strength are observed for both the nonpolar aliphatic PMMA and the very polar aromatic PSU polymers, while pristine carbon nanotubes and the supramolecular nanofillers showed smaller reinforcement. These data, together with our previous report on the reinforcement of polystyrene (nonpolar and aromatic), indicate that derivatization of SWNTs as MINTs is a valid general strategy to optimize the interaction between SWNT fillers and the polymer matrix.
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Covalent and Non-covalent Functionalized Nanomaterials for Environmental Restoration. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:44. [PMID: 35951126 PMCID: PMC9372017 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as an extraordinary and rapidly developing discipline of science. It has remolded the fate of the whole world by providing diverse horizons in different fields. Nanomaterials are appealing because of their incredibly small size and large surface area. Apart from the naturally occurring nanomaterials, synthetic nanomaterials are being prepared on large scales with different sizes and properties. Such nanomaterials are being utilized as an innovative and green approach in multiple fields. To expand the applications and enhance the properties of the nanomaterials, their functionalization and engineering are being performed on a massive scale. The functionalization helps to add to the existing useful properties of the nanomaterials, hence broadening the scope of their utilization. A large class of covalent and non-covalent functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) including carbons, metal oxides, quantum dots, and composites of these materials with other organic or inorganic materials are being synthesized and used for environmental remediation applications including wastewater treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of FNMs in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater. Future prospects are also examined, along with suggestions for attaining massive benefits in the areas of FNMs.
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Shi X, Luo S, Du X, Li Q, Cheng S. Improvement the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153091. [PMID: 35956608 PMCID: PMC9370361 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface chemical modification of carbon nanotubes can enhance the compatibility with polymers and improve flame retardancy performances. In this work, the double bond active sites were constructed on the surface of carbon nanotubes modified by the γ-methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH570). Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was further grafted onto the surface of carbon nanotubes via free radical polymerization. Finally, the flame retardant melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was bonded to the surface of carbon nanotubes by the ring-opening reaction. This modification process was proved to be achieved by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric test. The carbon nanotubes modified by flame retardant were added into the epoxy matrix and cured to prepare flame retardant and thermal conductive composites. The flame retardancy of composites were studied by cone calorimetry, UL94 vertical combustion test and limiting oxygen index. The thermal conductivity of composites was characterized by laser thermal conductivity instrument. The results showed that when the addition amount of flame retardant MPP-modified carbon nanotubes in composites was 10 wt%, the flame retardant level of UL94 reached to V2, the limiting oxygen index increased from 25.1 of pure epoxy resin to 28.3, the PHRR of pure epoxy resin was reduced from 800 kW/m2 to 645 kW/m2 of composites and thermal conductivity of composites was enhanced from 0.21 W/m·K−1 of pure epoxy resin to 0.42 W/m·K−1 of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Shiying Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiangxiang Du
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Qingbin Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shiping Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (S.C.)
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Evaluation of Structural and Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide-Polyvinyl Alcohol Thin Film and Its Potential for Pesticide Detection Using an Optical Method. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, graphene oxide (GO)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites thin film has been successfully synthesized and prepared by spin coating techniques. Then, the properties and morphology of the samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experimental FTIR results for GO–PVA thin film demonstrated the existence of important functional groups such as -CH2 stretching, C=O stretching, and O–H stretching. Furthermore, UV-Vis analysis indicated that the GO–PVA thin film had the highest absorbance that can be observed at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 500 nm with a band gap of 4.082 eV. The surface morphology of the GO–PVA thin film indicated the thickness increased when in contact with carbaryl. The incorporation of the GO–PVA thin film with an optical method based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon demonstrated a positive response for the detection of carbaryl pesticide as low as 0.02 ppb. This study has successfully proposed that the GO–PVA thin film has high potential as a polymer nanomaterial-based SPR sensor for pesticide detection.
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Omran B, Baek KH. Graphene-derived antibacterial nanocomposites for water disinfection: Current and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118836. [PMID: 35032599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial nanomaterials provide numerous opportunities for the synthesis of next-generation sustainable water disinfectants. Using the keywords graphene and water disinfection and graphene antibacterial activity, a detailed search of the Scopus database yielded 198 and 1433 studies on using graphene for water disinfection applications and graphene antibacterial activity in the last ten years, respectively. Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) have emerged as effective antibacterial agents. The current innovations in graphene-, graphene oxide (GO)-, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-, and graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanocomposites for water disinfection, including their functionalization with semiconductor photocatalysts and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been thoroughly discussed in this review. Furthermore, their novel application in the fabrication of 3D porous hydrogels, thin films, and membranes has been emphasized. The physicochemical and structural properties affecting their antibacterial efficiency, such as sheet size, layer number, shape, edges, smoothness/roughness, arrangement mode, aggregation, dispersibility, and surface functionalization have been highlighted. The various mechanisms involved in GFN antibacterial action have been reviewed, including the mechanisms of membrane stress, ROS-dependent and -independent oxidative stress, cell wrapping/trapping, charge transfer, and interaction with cellular components. For safe applications, the potential biosafety and biocompatibility of GFNs in aquatic environments are emphasized. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives are discussed. This review may provide ideas for developing efficient and practical solutions using graphene-, GO-, rGO-, and GQD-based nanocomposites in water disinfection by rationally employing their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo PO, 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Tang Z, Chulanova E, Küllmer M, Winter A, Picker J, Neumann C, Schreyer K, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Arnlind A, Dietzek B, Schubert US, Turchanin A. Photoactive ultrathin molecular nanosheets with reversible lanthanide binding terpyridine centers. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20583-20591. [PMID: 34874038 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, functional molecular nanosheets have attracted much attention in the fields of sensors and energy storage. Here, we present an approach for the synthesis of photoactive metal-organic nanosheets with ultimate molecular thickness. To this end, we apply low-energy electron irradiation induced cross-linking of 4'-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol self-assembled monolayers on gold to convert them into functional ∼1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes possessing the ability to reversibly complex lanthanide ions (Ln-CNMs). The obtained Ln-CNMs can be prepared on a large-scale (>10 cm2) and inherit the photoactivity of the pristine terpyridine lanthanide complex (Ln(III)-tpy). Moreover, they possess mechanical stability as free-standing sheets over micrometer sized openings. The presented methodology paves a simple and robust way for the preparation of ultrathin nanosheets with tailored photoactive properties for application in photocatalytic and energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Tang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Chulanova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Küllmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Picker
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schreyer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Arnlind
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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7
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Synthesis of a Poly(3-dodecylthiophene) Bearing Aniline Groups for the Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions2040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of carbon nanotubes by polymers necessitates two steps, first their modification by oxidizing them or by covalently attaching small compounds to them, then the growth of the polymer chains from these anchors or their grafting onto them. In order to better control the process and the rate of functionalization, we develop polymers able to covalently react with the carbon nanotubes by their side chains in one step. We describe the synthesis of a copolymer of dodecylthiophene and its analogue bearing an aniline group at the end of the dodecyl side chain. This copolymer can functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) non-covalently and disperse more SWNTs than its hexyl analogues. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies show that in these non-covalent hybrids, the polymer forms p-stacked aggregates on the SWNTs. The non-covalent hybrids can be transformed into covalent ones by diazonium coupling. In these covalent hybrids the polymer is no longer p-stacked. According to Raman spectroscopy, the conformation of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) backbone is more ordered in the non-covalent hybrids than in the covalent ones.
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Lim JV, Bee ST, Tin Sin L, Ratnam CT, Abdul Hamid ZA. A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, and Utilities of Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles for Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203547. [PMID: 34685309 PMCID: PMC8538275 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon can form different allotropes due to its tetravalency. Different forms of carbon such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, graphene, fullerenes, and carbon black can be used as nanofillers in order to enhance the properties of polymer nanocomposites. These carbon nanomaterials are of interest in nanocomposites research and other applications due to their excellent properties, such as high Young’s Modulus, tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and specific surface area. However, there are some flaws that can be found in the carbon nanoparticles such as tendency to agglomerate, insoluble in aqueous or organic solvents or being unreactive with the polymer surface. In this study, the aim is to study functionalization in order to rectify some of these shortcomings by attaching different functional groups or particles to the surface of these carbon nanoparticles; this also enables the synthesis of high-performance polymer nanocomposites. The main findings include the effects of functionalization on carbon nanoparticles and the applications of polymer nanocomposites with carbon nanoparticles as nanofillers in the industry. Additionally, the different methods used to produce polymer composites such as in situ polymerization, solution mixing and melt blending are studied, as these methods involve the dispersion of carbon nanofillers within the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ven Lim
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Soo-Tueen Bee
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or (S.-T.B.); or (L.T.S.)
| | - Lee Tin Sin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (S.-T.B.); or (L.T.S.)
| | - Chantara Thevy Ratnam
- Radiation Processing Technology Division Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
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9
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Díez-Pascual AM. Development of Graphene-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites: A Brief Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2978. [PMID: 34503017 PMCID: PMC8433988 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene (G) and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), have outstanding electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties, owed to their 2D structure and large specific surface area. Further, their combination with polymers leads to novel nanocomposites with enhanced structural and functional properties due to synergistic effects. Such nanocomposites are becoming increasingly useful in a wide variety of fields ranging from biomedicine to the electronics and energy storage applications. In this review, a brief introduction on the aforementioned G derivatives is presented, and different strategies to develop polymeric nanocomposites are described. Several functionalization methods including covalent and non-covalent approaches to increase their interaction with polymers are summarized, and selected examples are provided. Further, applications of this type of nanocomposites in the field of energy are discussed, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, transparent conductive electrodes, counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, and active layers of organic solar cells. Finally, the challenges and future outlook for G-based polymeric nanocomposites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Surface Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Polymer Brushes for Improving Thermal Properties of the Polymer Matrix. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5591420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) with controlled structures would be grafted on graphene material. The hybrid materials were prepared by coating graphene oxide (GO) with polydopamine (PDA) as a reactive underlayer and reducing agent, subsequently, surface-initiated polymerization of monomers (methyl methacrylate, styrene) based on the activators regenerated electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) technique. The polymer brush-modified graphene materials were then incorporated into the PMMA or PS matrix to get polymer nanocomposites with better thermal properties. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that PMMA and PS chains were successfully anchored on the surfaces of functionalized GO sheets. The influence of the grafted polymer brush-modified GO on thermal stability of PMMA and PS was investigated by a simultaneous thermal analyzer. Thermal conductivity of the polymer nanocomposite was determined by a conductive calorimeter. The results showed that thermal stability, glass transition temperature (
), and thermal conductivity of the polymer nanocomposites were obviously improved compared with pure PMMA or PS.
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11
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Luceño-Sánchez JA, Charas A, Díez-Pascual AM. Effect of HDI-Modified GO on the Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1503. [PMID: 34067010 PMCID: PMC8124150 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite films based on conducting polymers and carbon nanomaterials have attracted much attention for applications in various devices, such as chemical sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), among others. Graphene oxide (GO) is an ideal filler for polymeric matrices due to its unique properties. However, GO needs to be functionalized to improve its solubility in common solvents and enable the processing by low-cost solution deposition methods. In this work, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-modified GO and its nanocomposites with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were developed, and their morphology, thermal, electrical, thermoelectrical and mechanical performance were characterized. The influence of the HDI functionalization degree and concentration on the nanocomposite properties were assessed. The HDI-GO increased the crystallinity, lamella stacking and interchain coupling of PEDOT:PSS chains. A strong improvement in electrical conductivity, thermal stability, Young's modulus and tensile strength was found, showing an optimum combination at 2 wt% loading. Drop and spin casting techniques were applied onto different substrates, and the results from deposition tests were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. A number of parameters influencing the depositions process, namely solvent nature, sonication conditions and ozone plasma treatment, have been explored. This study paves the way for further research on conducting polymer/modified GO nanocomposites to optimize their composition and properties (i.e., transparency) for use in devices such as OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Luceño-Sánchez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain);
| | - Ana Charas
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain);
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12
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Liu X, Huang L, Qian K. Nanomaterial‐Based Electrochemical Sensors: Mechanism, Preparation, and Application in Biomedicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Division of Cardiology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Division of Cardiology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Road Shanghai 200127 P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China
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13
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Yuan C, Tony A, Yin R, Wang K, Zhang W. Tactile and Thermal Sensors Built from Carbon-Polymer Nanocomposites-A Critical Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041234. [PMID: 33572485 PMCID: PMC7916377 DOI: 10.3390/s21041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a critical review of tactile and thermal sensors which are built from carbon nanomaterial-filled polymer composites (CNPCs). To make the review more comprehensive and systematic, the sensors are viewed as a system, and a general knowledge architecture for a system called function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS) is employed to classify information as well as knowledge related to CNPC sensors. FCBPSS contains six basic concepts, namely, F: function, C: context, B: behavior, P: principle, and SS: state and structure. As such, the principle that explains why such composites can work as temperature and pressure sensors, various structures of the CNPC sensor, which realize the principle, and the behavior and performance of CNPC sensors are discussed in this review. This review also discusses the fabrication of the CNPC sensor. Based on the critical review and analysis, the future directions of research on the CNPC sensor are discussed; in particular, the need to have a network of CNPC sensors that can be installed on curved bodies such as those of robots is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (C.Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Anthony Tony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (C.Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Ruixue Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Kemin Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (C.Y.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-3069665478
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14
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Carbonaceous Nanomaterials Employed in the Development of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Screen-Printing Technique—A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to revise research on carbonaceous nanomaterials used in developing sensors. In general, nanomaterials are known to be useful in developing high-performance sensors due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, descriptions were made for various structural features, properties, and manner of functionalization of carbon-based nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors. Of the commonly used technologies in manufacturing electrochemical sensors, the screen-printing technique was described, highlighting the advantages of this type of device. In addition, an analysis was performed in point of the various applications of carbon-based nanomaterial sensors to detect analytes of interest in different sample types.
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Noriega-Navarro R, Castro-Medina J, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV, Zelada-Guillén GA. Control of pH-Responsiveness in Graphene Oxide Grafted with Poly-DEAEMA via Tailored Functionalization. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040614. [PMID: 32230739 PMCID: PMC7221901 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanomaterials based on carbon allotropes and their derivatives (graphene oxide (GO), etc.) are typically prepared by successive reaction stages that depend upon the initial functionalities in the nanostructure and the polymerization type needed for grafting. However, due to the multiple variables involved in the functionalization steps, it is commonly difficult to predict the properties in the final product and to correlate the material history with its final performance. In this work, we explored the steps needed to graft the carboxylic acid moieties in GO (COOH@GO) with a pH-sensitive polymer, poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (poly[DEAEMA]), varying the reactant ratios at each stage prior to polymerization. We studied the combinatorial relationship between these variables and the behavior of the novel grafted material GO-g-poly[DEAEMA], in terms of swelling ratio vs. pH (%Q) in solid specimens and potentiometric response vs. Log[H+] in a solid-state sensor format. We first introduced N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester moieties at the –COOH groups (GO-g-NHS) by a classical activation with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). Then, we substituted the NHS-ester groups by polymerizable amide-linked acrylic moieties using 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) at different ratios to finally introduce the polymer chains via radical polymerization in an excess of DEAEMA monomer. We found correlated trends in swelling pH range, interval of maximum and minimum swelling values, response in potentiometry and potentiometric linear range vs. Log[H+] and could establish their relationship with the combinatorial stoichiometries in synthetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Noriega-Navarro
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Jésica Castro-Medina
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
- Escuela Nacional Preparatoria 8 Miguel E. Schulz, Lomas de Plateros s/n, Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City 01600, Mexico
| | - Martha V. Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.E.-B.); (G.A.Z.-G.)
| | - Gustavo A. Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.E.-B.); (G.A.Z.-G.)
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16
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Demirel E, Karaca E, Yuksel Durmaz Y. Effective PEGylation method to improve biocompatibility of graphene derivatives. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Wang G, Raju R, Cho K, Wong S, Prusty BG, Stenzel MH. 3D printed nanocomposites using polymer grafted graphene oxide prepared by multicomponent Passerini reaction. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface of commercial graphene oxide was modified with polymers using Passerini reaction, which enhances the compatibility between nanoparticles and 3D printing resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wang
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Raju Raju
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Kiho Cho
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Sandy Wong
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - B. Gangadhara Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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18
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Mutharani B, Ranganathan P, Chen SM, Kannan RS. Ultrasound-promoted covalent functionalization of CNFs with thermo-sensitive PNIPAM via "grafting-from" strategy for on/off switchable electrochemical determination of clothianidin. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:200-212. [PMID: 31101256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A thermo-sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) covalently grafted carbon nanofibers (CNFs-g-PNIPAM) was designed and synthesized via ultrasonic "grafting-from" strategy for the first time. CNFs-g-PNIPAM could well perform the reversible regulation of hydrophilic/hydrophobic states in aqueous solution upon the switching of the temperature signal. Such distinctive property, CNFs-g-PNIPAM modified glassy carbon electrode (CNFs-g-PNIPAM/GC electrode) shows "on/off" switchability and temperature-tunable electrocatalytic activity towards clothianidin (CLD) that can be stimulated by external temperature. Cyclic voltammetry of CLD at the CNFs-g-PNIPAM/GC electrode displayed higher peak current at 25 °C showing the "on" state; at 40 °C, the peak current was significantly suppressed, showing the "off" state. The CNFs-g-PNIPAM/GC electrode reveal the better electrochemical performance of 'on/off' switching effect compared to virgin PNIPAM, due to the large surface area, good electron-transfer, and an intrinsic property of introduced CNFs. Moreover, this switchable sensing platform allows determining CLD in a good sensitivity (2.32 µA µM-1 cm-2) with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.03 µM at 25 °C compared to 40 °C (LOD = 1.3 µM). Besides, this method was successfully applied to the determination of CLD in spiked apple extract and lake water samples. The switchable electrocatalytic performance of CNFs-g-PNIPAM/GC electrode may greatly enhance the flexibility of its application in the area of electrochemical sensor and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanenthiran Mutharani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China; Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ramaraj Sayee Kannan
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 09, Tamilnadu, India
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19
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Wang S, Meng H, Li Y, Sun D, Zhan Y, Ge X, Chen L. Polymer brushes grafted from graphene via bioinspired polydopamine chemistry and activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Han Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Yuchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Da Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Yanhu Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Xiangcai Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
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20
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Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s by Diels–Alder “click” reaction. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Naidek N, Zarbin AJG, Orth ES. Covalently linked nanocomposites of polypyrrole with graphene: Strategic design toward optimized properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naiane Naidek
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-980; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Aldo J. G. Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-980; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Elisa S. Orth
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-980; Curitiba PR Brazil
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22
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Chen J, Liu B, Gao X, Xu D. A review of the interfacial characteristics of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28048-28085. [PMID: 35542749 PMCID: PMC9083916 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of recent advances in research on the interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites. The state of knowledge about the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes as well as the interaction at the interface between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is presented. The primary focus of this paper is on identifying the fundamental relationship between nanocomposite properties and interfacial characteristics. The progress, remaining challenges, and future directions of research are discussed. The latest developments of both microscopy and scattering techniques are reviewed, and their respective strengths and limitations are briefly discussed. The main methods available for the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes are summarized, and particular interest is given to evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. The critical issues related to the interaction at the interface are discussed, and the important techniques for improving the properties of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites are introduced. Additionally, the mechanism responsible for the interfacial interaction at the molecular level is briefly described. Furthermore, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are discussed separately, and their influencing factors are briefly introduced. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for efficiently translating the remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices are summarized in the hopes of facilitating the development of this emerging area. Potential topics of oncoming focus are highlighted, and several suggestions concerning future research needs are also presented. The state of research on the characteristics at the interface in polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the recent advances in the fundamental relationship between interfacial characteristics and nanocomposite properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Baofang Liu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Xuhui Gao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Deguang Xu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
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23
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Rubio N, Au H, Leese HS, Hu S, Clancy AJ, Shaffer MSP. Grafting from versus Grafting to Approaches for the Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets with Poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rubio
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Heather Au
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Hannah S. Leese
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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