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Migliaccio G, Petrillo M, Abate V, Mazzoni O, Di Bonito D, Barberio D. Impact of Parental Cancer on Children: Differences by Child's Age and Parent's Disease Stage. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:687. [PMID: 38929266 PMCID: PMC11201568 DOI: 10.3390/children11060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Receiving an oncological diagnosis involves countless physical and mental challenges for those who become ill. In addition to this, developmental activities are put on hold when a parent becomes ill, significantly impairing children's normal growth and development. The purpose of this review is to highlight the psychological impact of cancer on children, with particular attention to differences based on the age of the child and the stage of the parent's disease. (2) Articles published on PubMed up until October 2023 were searched. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included in this review after an evaluation of the full text. The study selection process was undertaken by two researchers, and articles for which there was unanimous agreement between researchers were included in the review. (3) Children's psycho-emotional responses differ based on their age and the disease stage. In general, good communication and a supportive family environment that understands everyone's needs seem to constitute important protective factors that favor the adaptation of the entire family to the disease. (4) The family, as an evolutionary system, finds itself facing phases typical of development. Knowing the variables that intervene in the process of adaptation to the disease will allow us to design specific and differentiated clinical interventions based on the needs of not only the patient but also the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Barberio
- Oncologic Psychology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (M.P.); (V.A.); (O.M.); (D.D.B.)
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2
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Greiber IK, Viuff JH, Karlsen MA, Lidegaard Ø, Mikkelsen AP, Hjortshøj CS, Storgaard L, Mellemkjær L. School performance and educational achievement in children exposed to maternal cancer in utero. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:395-401. [PMID: 38589221 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero exposure to maternal cancer and cancer treatment might influence the child's cognitive development. This study investigated if exposure to maternal cancer during fetal life impacted school performance and educational achievement as adults. METHODS This nationwide retrospective cohort study identified all live-born children in Denmark between January 1978 and December 2013. Exposure was defined as maternal cancer diagnosis during pregnancy. Four partly overlapping birth cohorts were constructed depending on the outcome of interest: (1) receiving special educational support for birth years 2001-2013; (2) grade point average (GPA) at the final exams after 10th grade for 1986-2003; (3) educational achievement at 20 years for 1978-1998; and (4) education at 30 years for 1978-1988. Logistic and linear models were adjusted for birth year, maternal age, maternal education and maternal death. RESULTS The estimated probability of receiving special educational support was similar in the exposed group and the reference (adjusted OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.77, non-significant). The GPA did not statistically differ (0.13 grade points; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.45, non-significant). The achieved educational levels were similar for the exposed group and the reference at 20 years, with an adjusted OR of 1.07 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.40) for low versus medium educational level, and at 30 years with an adjusted OR of 0.73 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.50) for low versus high educational level and of 1.07 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.72) for medium versus high educational level. CONCLUSION Our findings did not indicate poorer performance in compulsory school nor impairment of adult educational achievement after exposure to maternal cancer in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Katinka Greiber
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Marie Centre, Kobenhavn, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | - Mona Aarenstrup Karlsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Marie Centre, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Øjvind Lidegaard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Marie Centre, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lone Storgaard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Marie Centre, Kobenhavn, Denmark
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Viftrup DT, Voetmann SS. Caring Existentially and Spiritually for Young Children and Close Grandchildren of Life-Threatened Cancer Patients in Secularized Denmark. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151484. [PMID: 37543470 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE When children are given opportunities to talk about their existential and spiritual concerns and needs, different health risks related to parents' illness and death may be reduced. The existential and spiritual care and conversations provided during parents' and close grandparents' cancer illness are insufficient. This article presents a practical and theoretical perspective on how to care for the existential and spiritual needs of children at three different age stages. DATA SOURCES Data from a research project guided the process of synthesizing the theoretical aspects with the practical. The theoretical perspective comprises Majbrit Guldin's theory of children's age-related grief reactions and James Fowler's three stages about children's spiritual and cognitive development. The empirical study is based on qualitative interviews with 16 children or close grandchildren of cancer patients at hospice. CONCLUSION The theoretical and practical perspective function as a guide for existential and spiritual care and conversation with children at three different ages. The preschool child needs adults to support their growing spirituality and help them show, express, and understand their feelings. The school-aged child needs adults who listen to and acknowledge the child's understandings, experiences, and feelings as well as challenge their rigid thinking. The young adult needs adults who are willing to be there for them physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually in a genuine relationship. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The perspective might function well for nurses and other health professionals as it is generic and addresses barriers for communication with children found in different healthcare contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Toudal Viftrup
- Associate Professor, Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Sara Stage Voetmann
- PhD Student, Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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4
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Fujimoto K, Kanda K. Experiences of Adolescent Daughters in Beginning to Live With Their Mothers' Cancer: A Qualitative Study. Clin Nurs Res 2023; 32:830-839. [PMID: 36688328 PMCID: PMC10126440 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221150425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals the experiences of adolescent daughters who are beginning to live with their mothers' cancer diagnosis. Participants were 14 adolescent daughters who were either junior or senior high school students when their mothers were diagnosed with breast cancer. We analyzed semi-structured interviews using content analysis. Using interview data, four categories were created from 23 subcategories and 183 codes: (1) using trial and error to attempt to steady their minds against upset and anxiety; (2) minimizing the effect on their own school life and future; (3) moving forward with the help and support of those around them; and (4) advancing together with their family to protect and take care of their mother. As supporters, we must understand adolescent daughters' experiences in living with their mothers' cancer. Open communication with an important outside individual is essential in promoting adolescent daughters' ability to obtain support and live with their mothers' cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyoko Kanda
- Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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5
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Health behaviors and psychological burden of adolescents after parental cancer diagnosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21018. [PMID: 36471102 PMCID: PMC9722667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate health behaviors and psychological burdens in adolescent children of cancer parents. We compared health behaviors and mental health outcomes between 266 adolescent children with a parent diagnosed with cancer and 3163 control adolescents aged 12-19 years using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2018. Alcohol use of adolescents increased between 2 and 5 years after parental cancer diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.94) but decreased after 5 years. Parental cancer was associated with increased vaccination uptake in adolescents within 1 year of diagnosis (aOR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.55-6.54), but after 2 years, there was no difference from rates in their peers. Maternal cancer was associated with increased depression among adolescents (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.10 - 2.73). Although the risks of suicidal thoughts/plans/attempts increased within 1 year after parental cancer diagnosis (aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.00 - 8.83), it reduced 2 years after diagnosis, leading to no significant difference from the frequency in peers. Within five years after the parent was diagnosed with cancer, support for their adolescent children's health behaviors and mental health is necessary in the community.
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Pilato J, Dorard G, Chevrier B, Leu A, Untas A. Quality of Life of Adolescents Facing a Parental Illness: A Person-Oriented Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137892. [PMID: 35805549 PMCID: PMC9265890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies that have investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents facing a parental illness showed inconsistent results, and none used a person-oriented approach allowing for a deeper understanding of their experience. The aim of this study was to compare the HRQoL of adolescents facing a parental illness to that of their peers, and to explore their HRQoL through a person-oriented approach. The sample consisted of 1324 adolescents recruited in secondary schools (11–15 years old). Adolescents completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, parental illness, HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-52), and academic performance and caring activities (MACA-YC18). Adolescents facing a parental illness showed significantly lower HRQoL than their peers on all dimensions. The cluster analysis yielded five patterns of HRQoL among adolescents facing a parental illness: Low HRQoL; High HRQoL; Moderate HRQoL with High Social Acceptance; High Well-Being, High Moods and Emotions, and High Social Support and Peers. These clusters differed according to demographics, the type of parental illness, illness perception, academic performance, and level of caring activities. The Low HRQoL cluster showed especially low academic performance and high level of caring activities. This multidimensional HRQoL evaluation thus helps to foreground the diversity of these adolescents’ experiences in order to better address their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pilato
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France; (G.D.); (A.U.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Géraldine Dorard
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France; (G.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Basilie Chevrier
- PSYCLE, Aix-Marseille Université, 13628 Aix-en-Provence, France;
| | - Agnes Leu
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Aurélie Untas
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France; (G.D.); (A.U.)
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7
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Egberts MR, Verkaik D, van Baar AL, Mooren TTM, Spuij M, de Paauw-Telman LGE, Boelen PA. Child Posttraumatic Stress after Parental Cancer: Associations with Individual and Family Factors. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1031-1043. [PMID: 35595308 PMCID: PMC9487652 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children of parents with cancer and to identify individual and family factors associated with these symptoms. Methods The sample consisted of 175 children (52% girls, aged M = 11.98, SD = 3.20, range = 6–20 years) from 92 families, of which 90 parents with a current or past cancer diagnosis and 71 healthy co-parents also completed questionnaires. Children reported on PTSD symptoms, trauma-related cognitions, emotion regulation difficulties, general family functioning, and family communication. Both parents reported on their own PTSD symptoms. Associations were investigated using multilevel regression. Results Twenty-seven percentage of the children showed clinically relevant PTSD symptoms. Intraclass correlations indicated that children from the same family showed little overlap in these symptoms. Multilevel analyses showed that child trauma-related cognitions and emotion regulation difficulties were related to higher levels of PTSD symptoms at the individual level. General family functioning was only related to child PTSD symptoms at the family level. Child PTSD severity was unrelated to parental PTSD symptoms and family communication at the family level when taking into account the other factors. Conclusions The current study highlights the psychological impact of parental cancer on children. Individual factors contributed more strongly to child PTSD symptoms than family factors. Trauma-related cognitions and emotion regulation difficulties might be targeted through specific psychoeducation for children and parents, family-oriented support and interventions, and evidence-based treatments for child PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe R Egberts
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Ingeborg Douwes Centrum, Centre for Psycho-oncology, The Netherlands
| | - Dineke Verkaik
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Trudy T M Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Mariken Spuij
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,TOPP-zorg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul A Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, The Netherlands
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Borstelmann NA, Gray TF, Gelber S, Rosenberg S, Zheng Y, Meyer M, Ruddy KJ, Schapira L, Come S, Borges V, Cadet T, Maramaldi P, Partridge AH. Psychosocial issues and quality of life of parenting partners of young women with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:4265-4274. [PMID: 35091846 PMCID: PMC9701537 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data are lacking about the association between quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial issues of partners of young women with breast cancer who co-parent dependent children. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of partners of women with breast cancer diagnosed at age ≤ 40. Among those partners reporting at least one dependent child under 18 years old at the time of diagnosis, we used multiple linear regression to examine associations between partner QOL and sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, and the patient's cancer stage and time since diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 219 parenting partners, all identified as male with a median age of 44 years; 96% (204/213) reported working full-time at the time of the survey. Fifty-four percent endorsed behaviors indicating maladaptive coping. In adjusted analyses, less than full-time employment (β = - 8.76; 95% CI = - 17.37, - 0.14), younger age (β = - 0.35; 95% CI = - 0.069, - 0.02), greater parenting concerns (β = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.36, 0.75), clinically relevant anxiety symptoms (β = 13.79; 95% CI = 10.24, 17.35), lower post-traumatic growth score (β = - 0.33; 95% CI = - 0.51, - 0.16), lower social support (β = - 0.21; 95% CI = - 0.29, - 0.12), lower sexual satisfaction (β = - 0.40; 95% CI = - 0.62, - 0.19), and breast cancer stages 3 (β = 7.61; 95% CI = 0.19, 15.02) and 4 (β = 12.63; 95% CI = 1.91, 23.34), when compared to stage 0, were associated with lower partner QOL. CONCLUSION Parenting partners of young women with breast cancer have substantial unmet psychosocial needs. Interventions are needed to enhance QOL and promote adaptive coping for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamryn F Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shari Gelber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shoshana Rosenberg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Meghan Meyer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Come
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tamara Cadet
- Simmons College School of Social Work, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Maramaldi
- Simmons College School of Social Work, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hauken MA, Farbrot IM. The Fuelbox "Young Next of Kin"-A Mixed-Methods Study on the Development and Piloting of a Communication Tool for Adolescents Coping With Parental Cancer or Death. Cancer Nurs 2021; 45:148-160. [PMID: 34010217 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' ability to cope with parental cancer and death is largely dependent on information and open communication, but parents and professionals often feel uncertain in such circumstances. OBJECTIVES To develop and pilot a communication tool to enhance communication with adolescents living with or having lost a parent with cancer. METHODS A Fuelbox was developed in a 4-phased process including adolescents and professionals and piloted by 51 participants (adolescents, parents, and professionals) over 4 months. Using a mixed-methods study with a convergent design, data were collected via a questionnaire and interviews and were then merged. RESULTS The final "Young Next of Kin" Fuelbox consisted of 8 topics and 176 questions. Participants used the Fuelbox in different contexts, utilizing a variety of approaches. The participants found that it covered significant topics and questions important to adolescents' situation. The Fuelbox was considered a very useful and beneficial tool to promote communication with adolescents, given that users maintain awareness of voluntary participation, confidentiality, preparedness, time, and safe frames. CONCLUSION The Fuelbox "Young Next of Kin" seems to be a flexible and accessible communication tool in private and professional settings to enhance communication with adolescents living with or having lost a parent with cancer. As the Fuelbox is diagnosis-neutral in nature, it may be transferable to other populations and settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE The Fuelbox is a flexible, accessible, and useful tool for communication between adolescents and parents, and adolescents and healthcare professionals in specialist and primary healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Aasebø Hauken
- Author Affiliations: Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen (Dr Hauken); and Cancer Care Rogaland, Norway (Mrs Farbrot)
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10
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Marín-Chollom AM, Revenson TA. Cultural values as a resilience resource for Latino/a adolescents and young adults coping with parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol 2021; 40:26-44. [PMID: 33576717 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2021.1881197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although research on how adolescents and young adults (AYAs) cope with their own cancer is expanding, there is little knowledge on how AYAs cope with a parent's cancer. And, thus, little evidence-based knowledge for how to deliver services. Moreover, most research has been with majority White populations. To fill this gap, we examined whether the cultural values of familismo (familism) and espíritu (spirit) moderate the association between stress appraisals and coping with psychological distress among Latino/AYAs facing a parent's cancer.Design: Cross-sectional, observational.Sample: Thirty eight adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25 whose mother had breast cancer.Methods: Participants completed standardized measures. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to analyze the nested data.Results: There was a protective pattern of familismo and espíritu against symptoms of depression. AYAs experienced psychological distress, but those with higher levels of familismo and espíritu fared better than those with lower levels, regardless of the coping strategies they used.Implications: Psychosocial interventions for Latino/a AYAs coping with parental cancer should incorporate or strengthen these values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Marín-Chollom
- Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracey A Revenson
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York, USA.,Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Sugisaki K, Ueda S, Yako-Suketomo H, Monobe H, Ueji M, Mori R, Watanabe M, Eto T. Cancer Awareness and Understanding of Students in Japan: What Do Students Having Close Relatives with Cancer Think About the Disease? JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2021; 36:92-99. [PMID: 31418158 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Students have become more familiar with cancer because of media, such as television or the Internet, reporting on celebrity cancer cases. Moreover, with Japan's increasing age and cancer rates, the number of students whose parents/relatives develop cancer is likely to increase. This study examined cancer awareness and understanding among students aged 10 to 16 or more. A cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Cancer awareness and cancer understanding were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. We collected a total of 9139 questionnaires and excluded those with missing data. Thus, we analyzed the responses of 8701 students: 2135, 2902, and 3664 from elementary, junior, and high school, respectively. Data were analyzed using a multivariable model adjusted for gender and grade. Approximately 30% of respondents had parents/relatives with cancer. In addition, there was a significant association between having parents/relatives with cancer and cancer awareness; however, students having parents/relatives with cancer had more negative awareness (i.e., "I think cancer is scary," "I think I will get cancer in the future," and "I think cancer is preventable"). Furthermore, there was a significant association between cancer understanding and awareness. These findings suggest that cancer education could have a desirable effect on students whose parents/relatives have cancer. Further, cancer education offers benefits to students who are naive about cancer and ill prepared to cope when a family member discloses a cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshu Sugisaki
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398, Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yako-Suketomo
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Monobe
- College of Education, Yokohama National University, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Masaru Ueji
- Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, Mito City, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- School of Physical Education, Tokai University, Hiratsuka City, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei City, Japan
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12
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Shands ME, Lewis FM. Parents With Advanced Cancer: Worries About Their Children's Unspoken Concerns. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 38:920-926. [PMID: 33107327 DOI: 10.1177/1049909120969120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents with advanced cancer struggle initiating conversations with their children about the cancer. When parents do not have the tools to talk with their children, they silently watch their children attempt to navigate their illness but can only wonder but not know what their children are thinking. The objective of the current study is to describe, from parents living with advanced cancer, the worries and concerns parents wonder their child holds, but has not spoken, about the parent's cancer. METHODS Twenty-seven parents with incurable cancer enrolled in a 5 session telephone intervention pilot study during which they were asked, "What questions do you have about what your child is thinking or feeling about the cancer?" Data were transcribed and inductively coded using content analysis methods adapted from grounded theory. RESULTS Analysis yielded 14 categories of parent concerns organized into 6 larger conceptual domains: Being Concerned and Scared about My Cancer; Worrying about Me; Changing How We Talk and Live Day-to-Day; Not Knowing What Will Happen; Having Unanswered Questions about My Cancer; and Understanding My Disease Is Terminal. CONCLUSIONS Study results add to our understanding of the magnitude of the emotional burden parents with advanced cancer carry as they struggle to balance their diagnosis and treatment and their life as parents.
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13
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Parent-Adolescent Communication Influences on Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1716-1730. [PMID: 32445037 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The unique developmental changes and important role of parents during early adolescence warrants consideration of parent-adolescent communication, including open communication, co-problem-solving, and co-rumination, and its influences on adolescents' anxious and depressive symptoms. In this study, 400 early adolescents (M age = 12.49; 54% female) recruited from a middle school completed electronic questionnaires at two time points, 5 months apart. While most bivariate associations examined between communication processes and adolescents' symptoms were significant, path analyses found unique patterns. Specifically, over time, paternal open communication was negatively associated with adolescent anxious and depressive symptoms while paternal co-rumination was positively associated with depressive, but not anxious, symptoms. In contrast, few maternal communication factors were significantly linked to adolescents' internalizing symptoms, with only maternal co-rumination surprisingly being negatively linked to depressive symptoms over time. The results suggest how parents communicate with their children may be important as early adolescents develop problem-solving and adaptive coping skills to successfully navigate new experiences.
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Chan A, Lomma C, Chih H, Arto C, McDonald F, Patterson P, Willsher P, Reid C. Psychosocial consequences in offspring of women with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2019; 29:517-524. [PMID: 31733016 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer (BC) accounts for 24% of female cancers, with approximately one quarter of women likely to have offspring aged less than 25 years. Recent publications demonstrate negative psychosocial well-being in these offspring. We prospectively assessed for psychological distress and unmet needs in offspring of BC patients. METHODS Eligible offspring aged 14 to 24 years were consented and completed the Kessler-10 Questionnaire and Offspring Cancer Needs Instrument. Demographic and BC details were obtained. RESULTS Over a 7-month period, 120 offspring from 74 BC patients were included. Fifty-nine mothers had nonmetastatic BC (nMBC), and 27 had metastatic BC (MBC) with median time from diagnosis of 27.6 and 36.1 months, respectively. The prevalence of high/very high distress was 31%, with significantly higher scores reported by female offspring (P = .017). Unmet needs were reported by more than 50% of offspring with the majority of needs relating to information about their mother's cancer. Greater unmet needs were seen in female offspring and offspring with none or one sibling for several domains (practical assistance, time-out, dealing with feelings, and support from friends; P < .05). Greater unmet needs were seen in regard to feelings for MBC patients' offspring compared with nMBC but were similar for other unmet needs. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms high levels of psychological distress in offspring of BC patients, with female offspring reporting significantly higher emotional distress and unmet needs. More than 50% of respondents reported unmet needs in areas that can potentially be supported, including greater information provision, improving practical issues, and enabling sufficient recreational time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Chan
- Breast Cancer Research Centre-WA, Medical Oncology, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Lomma
- Breast Cancer Research Centre-WA, Medical Oncology, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - HuiJun Chih
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmelo Arto
- Breast Cancer Research Centre-WA, Medical Oncology, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona McDonald
- CanTeen Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Nursing Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pandora Patterson
- CanTeen Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Nursing Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Willsher
- Breast Cancer Research Centre-WA, Medical Oncology, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Van der Werf HM, Luttik MLA, Francke AL, Roodbol PF, Paans W. Students growing up with a chronically ill family member; a survey on experienced consequences, background characteristics, and risk factors. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1486. [PMID: 31703664 PMCID: PMC6842204 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students living with a chronically ill family member may experience significant pressure, stress, and depression due to their caregiving situation. This may also lead to them delaying or dropping out of school when the combination of being a caregiver and their education program are too demanding. This survey study aims to explore the consequences for students of bachelor or vocational education programs when they are growing up with a chronically ill family member and the influence of various background characteristics and risk factors. METHODS A survey was sent to 5997 students (aged 16-25 years) enrolled in bachelor or vocational education programs in the north of the Netherlands. The content of the survey was based on a literature study and consultation with experts. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 1237 students (21%) responded to the survey. A sub group of 237 (19%) students (mean age 21(2.2); 87% female) identified themselves as growing up with a chronically ill family member. More than half (54.9%) of these students indicated that they experienced negative consequences in daily life. A significant association (OR .42, p < .02) was found for these consequences and the level of education for which attending vocational education yields a higher risk. In addition, growing up with a mentally ill family member was associated with a 2.74 (p = .04) greater risk of experiencing negative consequences in daily life compared to students living with a family member with a physical disorder or multiple disorders. CONCLUSION Since a substantial number of students growing up with a chronically ill family member indicate serious physical, mental, and social consequences as a result of this care situation, awareness for this specific age-group is needed. Students with a mentally ill family member and students undertaking vocational education appear to be especially at risk. Further research is required in order to gain insight that is more in-depth into the exact type of problems that these students encounter and the specific needs that they have regarding support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinke M. Van der Werf
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise A. Luttik
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke L. Francke
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- APH Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petrie F. Roodbol
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wolter Paans
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, the Netherlands
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16
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Hisle-Gorman E, Susi A, Gorman GH. The Impact Of Military Parents’ Injuries On The Health And Well-Being Of Their Children. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019; 38:1358-1365. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman
- Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman is an associate professor of pediatrics at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, in Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Apryl Susi
- Apryl Susi is a pediatric clinical research associate in pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Gregory H. Gorman
- Gregory H. Gorman is an associate professor of pediatrics at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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17
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Denzinger A, Bingisser MB, Ehrbar V, Huggenberger HJ, Urech C, Woessmer B, Gaab J, Roth B, Rochlitz C, Alder J. Web-based counseling for families with parental cancer: Baseline findings and lessons learned. J Psychosoc Oncol 2019; 37:599-615. [PMID: 31010412 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2019.1602576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This is the first study in Switzerland to report on psychological adjustment in children of a parent with cancer using a web-based intervention during cancer therapy. Design/Sample: Twenty-two families participated in this randomized controlled web-based intervention program. Methods: Quality of life and emotional-behavioral well-being of children were examined using child self-reports, and parent proxy-reports. Furthermore, family communication and satisfaction and feedback on the web-based program were assessed. Findings: Children's first stage adjustment to parental cancer did not show detrimental patterns. The "lesson learned" in this setting emphasizes the challenge to reach families in need. The web-based program was appreciated as an additional source of information and support in this mostly highly functioning population. Conclusion: While feasibility was shown, it remains unclear how to contact families with lower psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Denzinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | | | - Verena Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Harriet J Huggenberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Corinne Urech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Woessmer
- Division of Psychosomatic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaab
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Binia Roth
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of Baselland , Bruderholz , Switzerland
| | | | - Judith Alder
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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18
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Goldblatt H, Granot M, Zarbiv E. "Death Lay Here on the Sofa": Reflections of Young Adults on Their Experience as Caregivers of Parents Who Died of Cancer at Home. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:533-544. [PMID: 30261818 DOI: 10.1177/1049732318800676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of terminally ill patients, who die at home, is increasing. The aim of this study was to address the meaning of being young adults, who were the caregivers of their dying parents. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 Israeli Jewish young adults, who had been the primary caregivers for parents who had cancer and eventually died at home. Three themes emerged: (a) "I was Chosen and was led into that situation": modes of taking on and performing the role of a caregiver, (b) "My life was on hold": the experience of performing the caregiving role, and (c) "I underwent . . . the real school of life": caring for the dying parent as an imprint on self-development. Participants integrated compassionate caring into their identity, reflecting an empowering encounter of young carers with their dying parents as a process of growth in the face of harsh, stressful experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eti Zarbiv
- Clalit Health Services, Nazareth Illit, Israel
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19
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Rodriguez L. Selective sharing: The impact of patterns of communication in young people experiencing maternal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1138. [PMID: 32721088 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents that experience parental cancer can have significant difficulties and may be at a greater risk of emotional and behavioural problems; however, some studies have found that this experience can also be empowering and can promote positive growth. Open communication specifically has been associated with coping and less psychological distress in adolescents experiencing parental cancer. AIMS The aim of this study is to identify communication patterns in adolescents that faced maternal cancer to provide recommendations for practice on how best to support adolescents at this challenging time. METHODS Adolescents (n = 15) completed semistructured interviews with the main researcher to explore their experiences at the time of maternal cancer. Specifically, this study is a qualitative secondary thematic analysis. RESULTS The term "selective sharing" was coined to characterise adolescent communication patterns, as they selected who they wished to talk to and how much information about maternal illness they shared. Barriers for adolescent open communication included perceived unavailability of their mothers to talk, fear, geographical separation from their families, previous family communication patterns, and the time since maternal diagnosis. Benefits of open communication included access to affection, support and information, as well as validation of their emotions and improved coping. Adolescents also provided recommendations to peers and practitioners based on their own experiences. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent communication patterns need to be evaluated as this can impact on their ability to cope with maternal cancer diagnosis. Practitioners can facilitate and encourage open communication, including both factual information about cancer and the emotions and thoughts adhered to this experience for adolescents, mothers, friends, and their families to support them at this challenging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Rodriguez
- UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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20
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Dencker A, Murray SA, Mason B, Rix BA, Bøge P, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T. Disrupted biographies and balancing identities: A qualitative study of cancer patients' communication with healthcare professionals about dependent children. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e12991. [PMID: 30628750 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE About 14% of cancer patients live with dependent children. Healthcare professionals are well placed to help patients support their children as part of a patient-centred practice. Children tend to appreciate open communication during the course of illness, but patients often find this difficult. However, research is unclear about patients' preferences and their willingness to talk with healthcare professionals about their dependent children. METHODS We conducted 15 in-depth interviews with patients from haematological (N = 11) and gynaecological oncology (N = 4). The interviews and subsequent analysis focused on patients' communicative preferences, taking the theoretical framework of "biographical disruption" as a starting point and using Jenkins' concept of identity as a social, relational and dynamic process. RESULTS We identified two overall identities at stake for seriously ill patients with parental responsibility: "patient identity" and "parent identity." As "patients," patients were ambivalent about relating to their children, but as "parents" they wanted healthcare professionals to talk about their children. CONCLUSION In order to be patient-centred, clinicians should, we suggest, acknowledge that patients have these conflicting perspectives and identities, which surface at various times and situations throughout their illness trajectories. Research is needed to further explore these findings in different illness groups and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Dencker
- Patient Support, The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health, Research Programme on Health Promotion and Prevention, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott A Murray
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group, The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruce Mason
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group, The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Per Bøge
- Patient Support, The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- National Institute of Public Health, Research Programme on Health Promotion and Prevention, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Perceived Stress, Parent-Adolescent/Young Adult Communication, and Family Resilience Among Adolescents/Young Adults Who Have a Parent With Cancer in Taiwan. Cancer Nurs 2018; 41:100-108. [DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Who is a survivor? Perceptions from individuals who experienced pediatric cancer and their primary support persons. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:1113-1122. [PMID: 29038854 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to examine the lived experiences of individuals who had cancer as children, as well as lived experiences of their current primary support persons. METHODS Based on van Manen's "new" interpretive phenomenology, interviews were conducted with ten pediatric cancer survivors and nine of their support persons to gain a more holistic understanding of the pediatric cancer experiences of children and their families. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the data; however, only the topic of the use of the term "survivor" and identification with the term will be discussed. All participants in the study described their personal definition of the term survivor and what it meant to be a survivor. Additionally, all individuals in the study discussed the concept of being a survivor and if they would consider themselves, or their loved ones, to be "survivors." CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide health care professionals, family members, and individuals fundraising or advocating for cancer causes with insights on how the term survivor may be interpreted. This study may provide insight to individuals who had cancer as children, in showing that their personal perspective shapes their identity; although "survivor" is common cancer vernacular, individuals can choose not to identify with their illness experiences.
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23
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Walczak A, McDonald F, Patterson P, Dobinson K, Allison K. How does parental cancer affect adolescent and young adult offspring? A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 77:54-80. [PMID: 29035733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To i) identify and synthesise evidence published since 2007 regarding the impact of parental cancer on adolescent and young adult offspring, ii) identify methodological and evidence gaps addressed during this period and iii) highlight those requiring further attention. DESIGN A systematic review and thematic synthesis of peer reviewed literature regarding the impact of parental cancer upon AYA offspring. DATA SOURCES Online searches of CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsychInfo and Scopus databases were conducted. Reference lists of included articles were screened and additional searches by prominent authors were performed. REVIEW METHODS Study selection, data extraction and quality analysis was undertaken by three independent researchers. Extracted study data was iteratively reviewed and discussed to achieve consensus regarding thematic synthesis of included studies. RESULTS Database and hand-searching yielded 1730 articles, 54 of which were included in the final synthesis. Included studies are discussed with respect to the following themes: i) study design and quality; ii) measurement and sampling; iii) positive and negative aspects of parental cancer; iv) needs; v) communication and information; vi) coping strategies; vii) interventions; and viii) family functioning and other predictors. Twenty-nine studies reported negative impacts related to parental cancer, while eight identified positive outcomes related to post-traumatic growth. Five returned null or mixed findings. Unmet needs were frequently explored and a new validated measure developed. Communication and information were particularly important for offspring, though these needs were often unmet and parents wanted guidance regarding discussions with their children. Offspring may adopt a variety of coping strategies, some of which appear maladaptive, and may cycle between different approaches. Few evaluations of interventions were identified, and further work in this area is needed. Further evidence has emerged that poorer family functioning and other family and illness-related factors predict worse psychosocial outcomes for offspring, however evidence for other predictors such as age and gender remain mixed. CONCLUSIONS Additional evidence for the negative psychosocial impact of parental cancer on adolescent and young adult offspring, their needs, and factors predicting psychosocial outcomes has emerged in the last decade. However, substantial gaps and methodological issues remain and evidence for the development, efficacy or implementation of interventions for this population is very limited. There is also a clear need for greater focus on bereaved and young adult offspring and those from non-western cultural groups, who remain under-represented in research conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona McDonald
- Canteen Australia, NSW, Australia; Cancer Nursing Research Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pandora Patterson
- Canteen Australia, NSW, Australia; Cancer Nursing Research Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Parent atteint de cancer en phase palliative : le rôle du médecin dans l’accompagnement des jeunes enfants. PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-017-0623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Dencker A, Rix BA, Bøge P, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T. A qualitative study of doctors' and nurses' barriers to communicating with seriously ill patients about their dependent children. Psychooncology 2017; 26:2162-2167. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Dencker
- Patient Support and Community Activities; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Research Programme on Health Promotion and Prevention; University of Southern Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bo Andreassen Rix
- Patient Support and Community Activities; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Per Bøge
- Patient Support and Community Activities; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- National Institute of Public Health, Research Programme on Health Promotion and Prevention; University of Southern Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
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27
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Bradbury AR, Patrick-Miller L, Schwartz LA, Egleston BL, Henry-Moss D, Domchek SM, Daly MB, Tuchman L, Moore C, Rauch PK, Shorter R, Karpink K, Sands CB. Psychosocial Adjustment and Perceived Risk Among Adolescent Girls From Families With BRCA1/2 or Breast Cancer History. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3409-16. [PMID: 27551110 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.66.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of breast cancer family history and maternal BRCA1/2 mutation on the psychosocial adjustment and perceived risk in girls age 11 to 19 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS Girls age 11 to 19 years old with one or more relatives with breast cancer or a familial BRCA1/2 mutation (breast cancer family history [BCFH] positive, n = 208; n = 69 with BRCA1/2-positive mother), peers (BCFH negative, n = 112), and their mothers completed assessments of psychosocial adjustment, breast cancer-specific distress, and perceived risk of breast cancer. RESULTS General psychosocial adjustment did not differ significantly between BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative girls, either by self-report or mother report, except for higher self-esteem among BCFH-positive girls (P = .01). BCFH-positive girls had higher breast cancer-specific distress than BCFH-negative girls (P < .001), but girls from BRCA1/2-positive families did not differ from other BCFH-positive peers. BCFH-positive girls were more likely to report themselves at increased self-risk for breast cancer in adulthood than BCFH-negative peers (74% v 33%, respectively; P ≤ .001). Girls from BRCA1/2-positive families were more likely than other BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative peers to report themselves at increased risk (P < .001). In all groups, perceived risk of breast cancer was associated with older age. Higher breast cancer-specific distress among adolescent girls was associated with higher self-perceived risk of breast cancer and higher maternal breast cancer-specific distress. CONCLUSION Adolescent girls from BRCA1/2-positive and breast cancer families have higher self-esteem and do not have poorer psychosocial adjustment than peers. However, they do experience greater breast cancer-specific distress and perceived risk of breast cancer, particularly among older girls. Understanding the impact is important to optimize responses to growing up in families at familial and genetic risk for breast cancer, particularly given the debate over the genetic testing of children for cancer susceptibility in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Bradbury
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Linda Patrick-Miller
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa A Schwartz
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brian L Egleston
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dare Henry-Moss
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Tuchman
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cynthia Moore
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paula K Rauch
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Shorter
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kelsey Karpink
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen Burke Sands
- Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Inhestern L, Bultmann JC, Beierlein V, Möller B, Romer G, Koch U, Bergelt C. Understanding parenting concerns in cancer survivors with minor and young-adult children. J Psychosom Res 2016; 87:1-6. [PMID: 27411745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents with cancer are concerned about the impact of their disease on their children. However, parenting concerns and associated factors in cancer survivors have not previously been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to examine parenting concerns and to test a path model for understanding parenting concerns in cancer survivors. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, a total of 1416 parents with cancer (mean age 47.5years, 74% women) having minor or young-adult children were recruited through two cancer registries. Parenting concerns were assessed using the Parenting Concerns Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the associations between social support, parenting confidence, emotional distress, family functioning and parenting concerns. RESULTS Mothers reported higher total parenting concerns than fathers (p<0.001). We observed strong effects of emotional distress and parenting confidence on parenting concerns. Family dysfunctioning was associated with lower concerns. An indirect association between social support and parenting concerns was identified. CONCLUSION Parenting concerns in cancer survivors display the need for interventions and after care programs that focus on affected families with minor and young adult children. The results of the structural path model illustrate the associations between psychological and interactional factors. Supporting parents with cancer in their parenting confidence and strengthen social support and family functioning may not only reduce the long-term burden on the parents themselves but also the burden on the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Volker Beierlein
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Möller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Koch
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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The well-being of children impacted by a parent with cancer: an integrative review. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:3235-51. [PMID: 27079580 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper reviewed the peer-reviewed scientific literature on well-being of children impacted by a parent with cancer. METHOD An integrative review of peer-reviewed literature between 2000 and 2015 regarding parental cancer and its impact on families was conducted by searching relevant databases using predefined key search terms. A thematic analysis was undertaken on literature that met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Forty-nine studies met the criteria for this review, and five major themes were established: impact of cancer, communication, coping strategies, parenting factors mediating impact, and support services. There was considerable variability in study design, methodological approaches, and findings. In the majority of studies, children were significantly impacted by the parent's cancer diagnosis and exhibited distress. Daughters appeared to experience worsened mental health, and sons experienced a greater totality of internalizing and externalizing problems. Children of all ages were impacted by their parent's cancer diagnosis and initiated a number of coping strategies in response. Despite this, a significant number of studies revealed that parents underestimated the impact that their cancer had on their children. Family functioning, as well as the ill parents' gender, coping strategies, cancer severity, and mental and physical health mediated their children's well-being. Parent-child communication was a key element in supporting children. CONCLUSION Parental cancer may impact children's long-term well-being. Further investigations are needed in this area. Additionally, review of support programs and interventions are warranted in terms of their uptake and impact on families affected by a parent's cancer.
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A national profile of the impact of parental cancer on their children in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:838-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parenting challenges in the setting of terminal illness: a family-focused perspective. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015; 9:52-7. [PMID: 25588207 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the advanced stages of illness, families with dependent children experience disruption across all dimensions of family life. The need for family support during palliative care is well recognized, yet little is understood about how parents and their children navigate these difficult circumstances. This review summarizes the current body of research on parenting challenges in advanced cancer. RECENT FINDINGS To date, the study of parental cancer has focused predominantly on the early stages of disease and its impact on children and adolescents. Less is known about how families with minor children prepare for parental loss. Evidence suggests that having dependent children influences parents' treatment decisions at the end of life, and that a central concern for children and parents is optimizing time spent together. Parents may feel an urgency to engage in accelerated parenting, and maintaining normalcy remains a consistent theme for the ill and healthy parent alike. There is a growing evidence base affirming the importance of responsive communication prior to death. SUMMARY Advancing knowledge about the parenting experience at the end of life is critical for ensuring effective support to the entire family, as it accommodates and prepares for the loss of a vital member.
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Bradbury AR, Patrick-Miller L, Schwartz L, Egleston B, Sands CB, Chung WK, Glendon G, McDonald JA, Moore C, Rauch P, Tuchman L, Andrulis IL, Buys SS, Frost CJ, Keegan TH, Knight JA, Terry MB, John EM, Daly MB. Psychosocial Adjustment in School-age Girls With a Family History of Breast Cancer. Pediatrics 2015; 136:927-37. [PMID: 26482668 PMCID: PMC4972044 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding how young girls respond to growing up with breast cancer family histories is critical given expansion of genetic testing and breast cancer messaging. We examined the impact of breast cancer family history on psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors among >800 girls in the multicenter LEGACY Girls Study. METHODS Girls aged 6 to 13 years with a family history of breast cancer or familial BRCA1/2 mutation (BCFH+), peers without a family history (BCFH-), and their biological mothers completed assessments of psychosocial adjustment (maternal report for 6- to 13-year-olds, self-report for 10- to 13-year-olds), breast cancer-specific distress, perceived risk of breast cancer, and health behaviors (10- to 13-year-olds). RESULTS BCFH+ girls had better general psychosocial adjustment than BCFH- peers by maternal report. Psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors did not differ significantly by self-report among 10- to 13-year-old girls. BCFH+ girls reported higher breast cancer-specific distress (P = .001) and were more likely to report themselves at increased breast cancer risk than BCFH- peers (38.4% vs 13.7%, P < .001), although many girls were unsure of their risk. In multivariable analyses, higher daughter anxiety was associated with higher maternal anxiety and poorer family communication. Higher daughter breast cancer-specific distress was associated with higher maternal breast cancer-specific distress. CONCLUSIONS Although growing up in a family at risk for breast cancer does not negatively affect general psychosocial adjustment among preadolescent girls, those from breast cancer risk families experience greater breast cancer-specific distress. Interventions to address daughter and mother breast cancer concerns and responses to genetic or familial risk might improve psychosocial outcomes of teen daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Bradbury
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and,Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,Address correspondence to Angela R. Bradbury, MD, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Perelman Center, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail:
| | - Linda Patrick-Miller
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jasmine A. McDonald
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cynthia Moore
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula Rauch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Tuchman
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada;,Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, The University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caren J. Frost
- College of Social Work, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Theresa H.M. Keegan
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California; and,Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada;,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California; and,Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Chen R, Regodón Wallin A, Sjölander A, Valdimarsdóttir U, Ye W, Tiemeier H, Fall K, Almqvist C, Czene K, Fang F. Childhood injury after a parental cancer diagnosis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26519735 PMCID: PMC4749389 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A parental cancer diagnosis is psychologically straining for the whole family. We investigated whether a parental cancer diagnosis is associated with a higher-than-expected risk of injury among children by using a Swedish nationwide register-based cohort study. Compared to children without parental cancer, children with parental cancer had a higher rate of hospital contact for injury during the first year after parental cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22-1.33), especially when the parent had a comorbid psychiatric disorder after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.85). The rate increment declined during the second and third year after parental cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07-1.14) and became null afterwards (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03). Children with parental cancer also had a higher rate of repeated injuries than the other children (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.12-1.15). Given the high rate of injury among children in the general population, our findings may have important public health implications. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08500.001 A diagnosis of cancer can be devastating for both a person and his or her family. Over the past 40 years, the number of individuals in Sweden diagnosed with cancer has more than doubled leaving growing numbers of families coping with the aftermath. Many individuals diagnosed with cancer have young children. Parents with cancer and their spouses often struggle to cope with disease and the demands of parenting simultaneously. In fact, previous research has shown children with a parent who has cancer have a greater risk of behavioral problems or distress than children with two healthy parents. Whether the stress of having a parent with cancer also affects the children’s physical wellbeing hasn’t been studied much. One concern in particular is whether these children may be at increased risk of injury. Injuries are the most common reason for a child to visit a hospital and in some cases lead to deaths. Children who are not well supervised or whose parents have poor mental health are at increased risk of injury. Coping with cancer and the mental anguish it causes may distract parents and possibly place their children at increased risk of injury. Based on data from nationwide population and health registers in Sweden, Chen, Regodón Wallin et al. now provide evidence that a child with a parent who has cancer is at a greater risk of injury than a child with two parents who are free of cancer. The analysis also revealed that the risk is particularly great if the parent with cancer also develops mental illness after the cancer diagnosis. The risk of injury is greatest in the first year after the parent’s diagnosis. Fortunately, the elevated risk of injury decreases overtime and is almost non-existing after the third year. The analyses suggest that providing extra support for parents with cancer might help to reduce the risk of injury in their children. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08500.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Regodón Wallin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Sjölander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur Valdimarsdóttir
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Halkett G, O'Connor M. What is the best way to support patients undergoing radiation therapy? J Med Radiat Sci 2015; 62:3-5. [PMID: 26229661 PMCID: PMC4364800 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Halkett
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Moira O'Connor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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The experience of adolescents who have a parent with advanced cancer: A phenomenological inquiry. Palliat Support Care 2014; 13:1057-69. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951514001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Adolescents are considered the group most susceptible to negative psychosocial outcomes when faced with a parent's illness. However, there has been extremely limited research on the adolescent's adjustment to advanced parental cancer. The aim of our study was to gain understanding of the experiences of adolescents, in their own words, to gather pilot data about the needs of this population that will be valuable in developing interventions for adolescents facing parental cancer.Method:A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was applied using in-depth semistructured interviews to inquire about adolescents' experiences. Some 10 adolescents (7 males, 3 females) aged 14–17 were interviewed.Results:Four essential themes about adolescents living with a parent's advanced cancer emerged from the analysis: “life interrupted,” “being there,” “managing emotions,” and “positives prevail.” These findings underscore the significant impact an advanced cancer diagnosis can have on a family unit and suggest that the experience may also have the potential of creating opportunities for growth and well-being. Our findings reinforce previous results that advocate for the importance of family and peer support, positive attitude, and open communication when a family is coping with advanced parental cancer.Significance of results:Understanding how adolescents gain strength from their relationships with family and peers offers healthcare professionals an opportunity to have services and strategies in place to foster these relationships.
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Sie AS, Prins JB, Spruijt L, Kets CM, Hoogerbrugge N. Can we test for hereditary cancer at 18 years when we start surveillance at 25? Patient reported outcomes. Fam Cancer 2014; 12:675-82. [PMID: 23604858 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-013-9644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-testing for BRCA1/2 or Lynch syndrome is possible from the age of 18 years, although surveillance usually starts at 25. Some patients regret their decision of testing before age 25. This retrospective study evaluates whether the testing age should be above 25 years to prevent adverse effects such as regret or decisional conflict, by determining the percentage and characteristics of patients reporting these problems. 111 of 219 patients (51%) tested for BRCA1/2 mutations or Lynch syndrome between 18 and 25 years from July 1996 to February 2011, returned self-report surveys. Primary measures were regret, decisional conflict and family influence. Secondary measures included quality of life (QoL), coping style, impact of genetic testing, and risk perception. Median age was 27 [21-40] years, with 86% female. 73% was tested for BRCA1/2, 27% for Lynch syndrome. Only 3% reported regret, however 39% had moderate (32%) to severe (7%) decisional conflict. Regression analysis revealed that decisional conflict was associated with more monitoring/neutral coping style (p < 0.03) or paternal/no family mutation (p < 0.02); there were no differences in QoL, impact or risk perception. 42% were mutation carriers, showing equal decisional conflict to non-carriers. 68% would recommend testing <25 years; 77% desired surveillance <25 years if a mutation carrier. Almost no patient tested for hereditary cancer between 18 and 25 years regretted this decision. A third reported retrospective decisional conflict, especially those actively seeking information when faced with a threat and/or those with a paternal or unknown inheritance. These patients may benefit from decisional support and personalized information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha S Sie
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Comparaison des attentes de parents et grands-parents atteints de cancer à l’égard d’un groupe de soutien collectif comprenant des patients, leurs enfants et petits-enfants mineurs. PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-014-0468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Möller B, Barkmann C, Krattenmacher T, Kühne F, Bergelt C, Beierlein V, Ernst J, Brähler E, Flechtner HH, Herzog W, von Klitzing K, Führer D, Resch F, Romer G. Children of cancer patients: Prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems. Cancer 2014; 120:2361-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Möller
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Hamburg Germany
- University Medical Center Münster; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Münster Germany
| | - Claus Barkmann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Hamburg Germany
| | - Thomas Krattenmacher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Hamburg Germany
| | - Franziska Kühne
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Hamburg Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Medical Psychology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Volker Beierlein
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Medical Psychology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Johanna Ernst
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Medical Psychology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Flechtner
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Heidelberg University Hospital; Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- University of Leipzig; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniel Führer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Berlin Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Heidelberg University Hospital; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- University Medical Center Münster; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Münster Germany
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Phillips F. Adolescents living with a parent with advanced cancer: a review of the literature. Psychooncology 2014; 23:1323-39. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farya Phillips
- School of Social Work; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
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Neely-Barnes S, Zanskas S, Delavega ME, Evans TK. Parenting with a disability and child mental health: a propensity score analysis. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN DISABILITY & REHABILITATION 2014; 13:226-246. [PMID: 24811841 DOI: 10.1080/1536710x.2014.912185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Little research has examined the impact of having a parent with a disability on child mental health. This study used data from 7,116 families of children who participated in the 2006 National Health Interview Survey and propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate this question. Prior to PSM, differences in Child Mental Health Brief scores were significant with a moderate effect size. After PSM, differences in Child Mental Health Brief scores were still significant, but the effect size was small. Results indicate that much of the mental health risk for children of parents with disabilities is connected to related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Neely-Barnes
- a Department of Social Work , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
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Karlsson E, Andersson K, Ahlström BH. Loneliness despite the presence of others – Adolescents' experiences of having a parent who becomes ill with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2013; 17:697-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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John K, Becker K, Mattejat F. Impact of family-oriented rehabilitation and prevention: an inpatient program for mothers with breast cancer and their children. Psychooncology 2013; 22:2684-92. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja John
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Fritz Mattejat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
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Krauel K, Simon A, Krause-Hebecker N, Czimbalmos A, Bottomley A, Flechtner H. When a parent has cancer: challenges to patients, their families and health providers. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2013; 12:795-808. [PMID: 23252360 DOI: 10.1586/erp.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At least 14% of cancer patients live with minor children. Being a parent with cancer has far-reaching consequences for individual treatment decision-making and quality of life in patients and their families. Even though the majority of children and adolescents do not show clinically relevant symptoms of psychopathology, worries about the survival of the parent and the future development of the family are present, and experienced as distressing, in most children. Open communication by parents and clinicians has been found to be of major importance for children and adolescents in adjusting to parental cancer. Support for parents with cancer on relevant parenting issues, starting in the diagnostic phase, should be acknowledged as an important facet of cancer care to reduce the psychosocial burden for cancer patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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[Evaluation of a support group for children of parents with cancer after 4 years of experience]. Bull Cancer 2013; 100:237-45. [PMID: 23514784 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2013.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When a parent is diagnosed with cancer, this is a major stress for him and his family. Children are often left out but perceive their parent's distress. This misunderstanding may cause multiple problems for their future. Support groups have been organized in order to limit these risks. After several years of practical experience and given its specific organisation, the care program's pertinence/benefit must be evaluated. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the first four years of existence of a support group for children of parents with cancer within a cancer centre (between September 2007 and April 2011). A questionnaire was sent to the participating families. The descriptive analysis of the results was anonymous. The questions focused on the organization, expectations, satisfactions, felt benefits or not and the future. RESULTS Sixteen of 30 families (53%) responded. The expectations were met in 87% of the cases especially with the establishment of an intra-family communication (90% of the cases). The sessions with several families were preferred as the other families' presence was perceived as a benefit without inconvenience (9 of 11 cases (82%). The support group was assistance for the future in most cases (10 of 13 cases (77%). There seems to be an evolution in the parent's awareness and anticipation concerning their children's need of information: 73% (22/30) of participation were at a curative stage. CONCLUSION The short-term benefits in relation to initial expectations are described in this study. They are based on a solid and structured organization that has been well accepted by the families. Despite a small cohort, these encouraging results should allow other care providers to take over the model. A longer term evaluation is obviously necessary, according special attention to developmental issues.
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Ainuddin HA, Loh SY, Low WY, Sapihis M, Roslani AC. Quality of Life of Multiethnic Adolescents Living with a Parent with Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:6289-94. [PMID: 23464447 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Husna A Ainuddin
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kühne F, Krattenmacher T, Beierlein V, Grimm JC, Bergelt C, Romer G, Möller B. Minor children of palliative patients: a systematic review of psychosocial family interventions. J Palliat Med 2012; 15:931-45. [PMID: 22849598 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2011.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the whole family is affected by a parent's palliative disease, palliative care research does not yet routinely consider patients' minor children. Children's and adolescents' psychosocial functioning may be impaired during prolonged parental disease with poor prognosis. Therefore, more and more health care providers are establishing clinical initiatives for families of palliative patients with minor children. However, the number of these family interventions, as well as their theoretical and empirical backgrounds and evidence base, has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to systematically review structured and published interventions for this target group, as well as empirical studies on these interventions. The evidence base and impact of interventions on families were considered. Literature published between 1980 and present focusing on psychosocial family-, child- or parent-centered interventions during palliative care was retrieved from PsycINFO®, Embase, MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, and PSYNDEX databases. Five interventions met the inclusion criteria. Programs focused on different populations, had diverse empirical and theoretical backgrounds and features, and were evaluated by studies of varying methodological quality. This systematic review illustrates the lack of well designed and elaborated intervention concepts and evaluation studies in this field, highlighting the necessity of conceptual and methodological rigor to inform clinical practice on a sustainable basis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kühne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany.
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Intérêt des interventions familiales systémiques en psycho-oncologie : quelles spécificités thérapeutiques ? PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-012-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Krattenmacher T, Kühne F, Ernst J, Bergelt C, Romer G, Möller B. Parental cancer: factors associated with children's psychosocial adjustment--a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72:344-56. [PMID: 22469276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children of cancer patients have an increased risk of developing psychosocial problems. But not all children are alike vulnerable to this stressful event. Thus, knowledge of risk and protective factors is required to design specific diagnostic tools and interventions for this vulnerable population. This study aims to provide a review and methodological evaluation of current studies examining factors associated with children's psychosocial adjustment when a parent has cancer. METHODS Four databases were systematically searched for quantitative research articles examining associative factors of children's adjustment. Study characteristics were analyzed and methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS 28 studies examining associative factors in 2896 families were identified. The included studies used a broad range of instruments assessing children's adjustment. Most patients were female breast cancer patients with middle to high socio-economic status. The majority of included studies used correlational approaches and cross-sectional designs. None of the studies examined toddlers or assessed children's quality of life. Across studies with low to high quality, we found no evidence of illness-related factors, except worse disease status that was related to lower adjustment. Evidence from moderate to high quality studies suggest that better family functioning indicates better adjustment, whereas parent's depressive mood indicates worse adjustment of the children. Child-related factors were inconsistent. CONCLUSION Health professionals should pay attention to cancer patients' dependent children. In order to identify this at-risk population, parent's depressive mood and poor family functioning should be considered. Future studies should also assess children's quality of life and child-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krattenmacher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany.
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Fuentes Sanmartín S, Barez Villoria M, Caba Vela L, De Cáceres Zurita ML. Cáncer parental: díptico de soporte para padres y madres recién diagnosticados. PSICOONCOLOGIA 1970. [DOI: 10.5209/psic.59186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nota informativa.
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