1
|
Rozans SJ, Moghaddam AS, Wu Y, Atanasoff K, Nino L, Dunne K, Pashuck ET. Quantifying and Controlling the Proteolytic Degradation of Cell Adhesion Peptides. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4916-4926. [PMID: 38968389 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are widely used within biomaterials to improve cell adhesion, incorporate bioactive ligands, and enable cell-mediated degradation of the matrix. While many of the peptides incorporated into biomaterials are intended to be present throughout the life of the material, their stability is not typically quantified during culture. In this work, we designed a series of peptide libraries containing four different N-terminal peptide functionalizations and three C-terminal functionalizations to better understand how simple modifications can be used to reduce the nonspecific degradation of peptides. We tested these libraries with three cell types commonly used in biomaterials research, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs), endothelial cells, and macrophages, and quantified how these cell types nonspecifically degraded peptides as a function of terminal amino acid and chemistry. We found that peptides in solution which contained N-terminal amines were almost entirely degraded by 48 h, irrespective of the terminal amino acid, and that degradation occurred even at high peptide concentrations. Peptides with C-terminal carboxylic acids also had significant degradation when cultured with the cells. We found that simple modifications to the termini could significantly reduce or completely abolish nonspecific degradation when soluble peptides were added to cells cultured on tissue culture plastic or within hydrogel matrices, and that functionalizations which mimicked peptide conjugations to hydrogel matrices significantly slowed nonspecific degradation. We also found that there were minimal differences in peptide degradation across cell donors and that sequences mimicking different peptides commonly used to functionalize biomaterials all had significant nonspecific degradation. Finally, we saw that there was a positive trend between RGD stability and hMSC spreading within hydrogels, indicating that improving the stability of peptides within biomaterial matrices may improve the performance of engineered matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Rozans
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Abolfazl Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Kayleigh Atanasoff
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Liliana Nino
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Katelyn Dunne
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - E Thomas Pashuck
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Suite 205, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Zehr EA, Gruschus JM, Szyk A, Liu Y, Tanner ME, Tjandra N, Roll-Mecak A. Tubulin code eraser CCP5 binds branch glutamates by substrate deformation. Nature 2024; 631:905-912. [PMID: 39020174 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule function is modulated by the tubulin code, diverse posttranslational modifications that are altered dynamically by writer and eraser enzymes1. Glutamylation-the addition of branched (isopeptide-linked) glutamate chains-is the most evolutionarily widespread tubulin modification2. It is introduced by tubulin tyrosine ligase-like enzymes and erased by carboxypeptidases of the cytosolic carboxypeptidase (CCP) family1. Glutamylation homeostasis, achieved through the balance of writers and erasers, is critical for normal cell function3-9, and mutations in CCPs lead to human disease10-13. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the glutamylation eraser CCP5 in complex with the microtubule, and X-ray structures in complex with transition-state analogues. Combined with NMR analysis, these analyses show that CCP5 deforms the tubulin main chain into a unique turn that enables lock-and-key recognition of the branch glutamate in a cationic pocket that is unique to CCP family proteins. CCP5 binding of the sequences flanking the branch point primarily through peptide backbone atoms enables processing of diverse tubulin isotypes and non-tubulin substrates. Unexpectedly, CCP5 exhibits inefficient processing of an abundant β-tubulin isotype in the brain. This work provides an atomistic view into glutamate branch recognition and resolution, and sheds light on homeostasis of the tubulin glutamylation syntax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena A Zehr
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James M Gruschus
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnieszka Szyk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jamal GA, Jahangirian E, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H, Tarrahimofrad H, Alikowsarzadeh N. Proteases, a powerful biochemical tool in the service of medicine, clinical and pharmaceutical. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38909284 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2364234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Proteases, enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds, have various applications in medicine, clinical applications, and pharmaceutical development. They are used in cancer treatment, wound debridement, contact lens cleaning, prion degradation, biofilm removal, and fibrinolytic agents. Proteases are also crucial in cardiovascular disease treatment, emphasizing the need for safe, affordable, and effective fibrinolytic drugs. Proteolytic enzymes and protease biosensors are increasingly used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Advanced technologies, such as nanomaterials-based sensors, are being developed to enhance the sensitivity, specificity, and versatility of protease biosensors. These biosensors are becoming effective tools for disease detection due to their precision and rapidity. They can detect extracellular and intracellular proteases, as well as fluorescence-based methods for real-time and label-free detection of virus-related proteases. The active utilization of proteolytic enzymatic biosensors is expected to expand significantly in biomedical research, in-vitro model systems, and drug development. We focused on journal articles and books published in English between 1982 and 2024 for this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghadir A Jamal
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ehsan Jahangirian
- Department of Molecular, Zist Tashkhis Farda Company (tBioDx), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Health Science, Laser Research Center, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Neda Alikowsarzadeh
- Molecular and Life Science Department, Han University of Applied Science, Arnhem, Nederland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rozans SJ, Moghaddam AS, Wu Y, Atanasoff K, Nino L, Dunne K, Pashuck ET. Quantifying and controlling the proteolytic degradation of cell adhesion peptides. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590329. [PMID: 38712239 PMCID: PMC11071418 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are widely used within biomaterials to improve cell adhesion, incorporate bioactive ligands, and enable cell-mediated degradation of the matrix. While many of the peptides incorporated into biomaterials are intended to be present throughout the life of the material, their stability is not typically quantified during culture. In this work we designed a series of peptide libraries containing four different N-terminal peptide functionalizations and three C-terminal functionalization to better understand how simple modifications can be used to reduce non-specific degradation of peptides. We tested these libraries with three cell types commonly used in biomaterials research, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs), endothelial cells, and macrophages, and quantified how these cell types non-specifically degraded peptide as a function of terminal amino acid and chemistry. We found that peptides in solution which contained N-terminal amines were almost entirely degraded by 48 hours, irrespective of the terminal amino acid, and that degradation occurred even at high peptide concentrations. Peptides with C-terminal carboxylic acids also had significant degradation when cultured with cells. We found that simple modifications to the termini could significantly reduce or completely abolish non-specific degradation when soluble peptides were added to cells cultured on tissue culture plastic or within hydrogel matrices, and that functionalizations which mimicked peptide conjugations to hydrogel matrices significantly slowed non-specific degradation. We also found that there were minimal differences across cell donors, and that sequences mimicking different peptides commonly-used to functionalized biomaterials all had significant non-specific degradation. Finally, we saw that there was a positive trend between RGD stability and hMSC spreading within hydrogels, indicating that improving the stability of peptides within biomaterial matrices may improve the performance of engineered matrices.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu Q, Mi L, Lai C, Guan X, Lu N, Zhan T, Wang G, Lu C, Xu L, Gao X, Zhang J. CPXM1 correlates to poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e21909. [PMID: 38314284 PMCID: PMC10837494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death and the fifth most frequent malignant cancer, especially advanced GC. Carboxypeptidase X member 1 (CPXM1) is an epigenetic factor involved in many physiological processes, including osteoclast differentiation and adipogenesis. Several studies have shown the association of CPXM1 with multiple tumors; however, the mechanism of CPXM1 involvement in the progression of GC is yet to be characterized. Method CPXM1 expression data were obtained from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to obtain patient-matched clinicopathological information, and the Kaplan-Meier plot database was utilized for the prognosis analysis of GC patients. The Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and cBioportal databases were adopted to study CPXM1 mutations in tumors. Next, we utilized the Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for mechanism research. Furthermore, we performed tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration analysis based on CPXM1. Finally, we predicted sensitivity to several targeted drugs in GC patients based on CPXM1.CPXM1 is upregulated in GC and is correlated with poor prognosis, gender, and tumor stage in GC patients. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that CPXM1 may regulate the occurrence and progression of GC via the PI3K-AKT and TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CPXM1 expression results in an increase in the proportion of immune and stromal cells. Additionally, the proportion of plasma cells was inversely related to the expression of CPXM1, whereas macrophage M2 expression was proportionate to CPXM1 expression. Finally, six small-molecule drugs that showed notable variations in IC50 between two groups were screened. Conclusion These results suggested that CPXM1 regulates the progression of GC and may represent a novel target for the detection and treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiou Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Lei Mi
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affilital Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, 66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Chuilin Lai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Na Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Tian Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park S, Fan J, Chamakuri S, Palaniappan M, Sharma K, Qin X, Wang J, Tan Z, Judge A, Hu L, Sankaran B, Li F, Prasad BVV, Matzuk MM, Palzkill T. Exploiting the Carboxylate-Binding Pocket of β-Lactamase Enzymes Using a Focused DNA-Encoded Chemical Library. J Med Chem 2024; 67:620-642. [PMID: 38117688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactamase enzymes hydrolyze and thereby provide bacterial resistance to the important β-lactam class of antibiotics. The OXA-48 and NDM-1 β-lactamases cause resistance to the last-resort β-lactams, carbapenems, leading to a serious public health threat. Here, we utilized DNA-encoded chemical library (DECL) technology to discover novel β-lactamase inhibitors. We exploited the β-lactamase enzyme-substrate binding interactions and created a DECL targeting the carboxylate-binding pocket present in all β-lactamases. A library of 106 compounds, each containing a carboxylic acid or a tetrazole as an enzyme recognition element, was designed, constructed, and used to identify OXA-48 and NDM-1 inhibitors with micromolar to nanomolar potency. Further optimization led to NDM-1 inhibitors with increased potencies and biological activities. This work demonstrates that the carboxylate-binding pocket-targeting DECL, designed based on substrate binding information, aids in inhibitor identification and led to the discovery of novel non-β-lactam pharmacophores for the development of β-lactamase inhibitors for enzymes of different structural and mechanistic classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeorn Park
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jiayi Fan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kiran Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xuan Qin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhi Tan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Allison Judge
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schrader M. Origins, Technological Advancement, and Applications of Peptidomics. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2758:3-47. [PMID: 38549006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3646-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Peptidomics is the comprehensive characterization of peptides from biological sources instead of heading for a few single peptides in former peptide research. Mass spectrometry allows to detect a multitude of peptides in complex mixtures and thus enables new strategies leading to peptidomics. The term was established in the year 2001, and up to now, this new field has grown to over 3000 publications. Analytical techniques originally developed for fast and comprehensive analysis of peptides in proteomics were specifically adjusted for peptidomics. Although it is thus closely linked to proteomics, there are fundamental differences with conventional bottom-up proteomics. Fundamental technological advancements of peptidomics since have occurred in mass spectrometry and data processing, including quantification, and more slightly in separation technology. Different strategies and diverse sources of peptidomes are mentioned by numerous applications, such as discovery of neuropeptides and other bioactive peptides, including the use of biochemical assays. Furthermore, food and plant peptidomics are introduced similarly. Additionally, applications with a clinical focus are included, comprising biomarker discovery as well as immunopeptidomics. This overview extensively reviews recent methods, strategies, and applications including links to all other chapters of this book.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Weihenstephan-Tr. University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marin AM, Batista M, Korte de Azevedo AL, Bombardelli Gomig TH, Soares Caldeira Brant R, Chammas R, Uno M, Dias Araújo D, Zanette DL, Nóbrega Aoki M. Screening of Exosome-Derived Proteins and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Diagnostic and Prognostic for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12604. [PMID: 37628784 PMCID: PMC10454563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the oncological area, pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, with 5-year survival rising just 10% in high-development countries. This disease is genetically characterized by KRAS as a driven mutation followed by SMAD4, CDKN2, and TP53-associated mutations. In clinical aspects, pancreatic cancer presents unspecific clinical symptoms with the absence of screening and early plasmatic biomarker, being that CA19-9 is the unique plasmatic biomarker having specificity and sensitivity limitations. We analyzed the plasmatic exosome proteomic profile of 23 patients with pancreatic cancer and 10 healthy controls by using Nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (NanoLC-MS/MS). The pancreatic cancer patients were subdivided into IPMN and PDAC. Our findings show 33, 34, and 7 differentially expressed proteins when comparing the IPMN vs. control, PDAC-No treatment vs. control, and PDAC-No treatment vs. IPMN groups, highlighting proteins of the complement system and coagulation, such as C3, APOB, and SERPINA. Additionally, PDAC with no treatment showed 11 differentially expressed proteins when compared to Folfirinox neoadjuvant therapy or Gemcitabine adjuvant therapy. So here, we found plasmatic exosome-derived differentially expressed proteins among cancer patients (IPMN, PDAC) when comparing with healthy controls, which could represent alternative biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation, supporting further scientific and clinical studies on pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anelis Maria Marin
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Michel Batista
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
- Mass Spectrometry Facility RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Genetic Department, University of Parana State (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil; (A.L.K.d.A.); (T.H.B.G.)
| | - Talita Helen Bombardelli Gomig
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Genetic Department, University of Parana State (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil; (A.L.K.d.A.); (T.H.B.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Soares Caldeira Brant
- Mass Spectrometry Facility RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology (C2PO), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.); (D.D.A.)
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology (C2PO), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.); (D.D.A.)
| | - Diogo Dias Araújo
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology (C2PO), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.); (D.D.A.)
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torres NJ, Rizzo DN, Reinberg MA, Jobson ME, Totzke BC, Jackson JK, Yu W, Shaw LN. The identification of two M20B family peptidases required for full virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1176769. [PMID: 37538308 PMCID: PMC10394242 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1176769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that deletion of an intracellular leucine aminopeptidase results in attenuated virulence of S. aureus. Herein we explore the role of 10 other aminopeptidases in S. aureus pathogenesis. Using a human blood survival assay we identified mutations in two enzymes from the M20B family (PepT1 and PepT2) as having markedly decreased survival compared to the parent. We further reveal that pepT1, pepT2 and pepT1/2 mutant strains are impaired in their ability to resist phagocytosis by, and engender survival within, human macrophages. Using a co-infection model of murine sepsis, we demonstrate impairment of dissemination and survival for both single mutants that is even more pronounced in the double mutant. We show that these enzymes are localized to the cytosol and membrane but are not necessary for peptide-based nutrition, a hallmark of cell-associated aminopeptidases. Furthermore, none of the survival defects appear to be the result of altered virulence factor production. An exploration of their regulation reveals that both are controlled by known regulators of the S. aureus virulence process, including Agr, Rot and/or SarA, and that this cascade may be mediated by FarR. Structural modeling of PepT1 reveals it bears all the hallmarks of a tripeptidase, whilst PepT2 differs significantly in its catalytic pocket, suggesting a broader substrate preference. In sum, we have identified two M20B aminopeptidases that are integral to S. aureus pathogenesis. The future identification of protein and/or peptide targets for these proteases will be critical to understanding their important virulence impacting functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naeemi SM, Aminzadeh S, Sari S, Nemati F, Naseroleslami M. In vitro and in silico characterization of a novel glutamate carboxypeptidase from Cohnella sp. A01. Biochimie 2023; 207:83-95. [PMID: 36493965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase is a bacterial enzyme of metallopeptidase superfamily. This enzyme is an exo-peptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamate residues at the C-terminus of folic acid. The rCP302 is a novel zinc ion-dependent recombinant glutamate carboxypeptidase derived from a thermophilic bacterium, Cohnella sp. A01 (PTCC No: 1921). By simulating the structure of rCP302, analyzing its activity in various environmental settings, and contrasting it with that of related enzymes, we wanted to evaluate the heterologous production, purification, and characterization of this enzyme. The bioinformatics study showed that rCP302 had maximum similarity to M20 family of metallopeptidases. The purified rCP302 molecular weight was about 41.6 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for the catalytic activity of rCP302 were 50 °C and 7.2, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy data elucidated the secondary structure of rCP302 and determined conformational changes caused by alterations in ambient conditions. Using folate as a substrate, Km and specific activity values were calculated as 0.108 μM and 687 μmol/min/mg, respectively. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited when EDTA sequestered zinc ions. The half-life of this enzyme at 30 °C was 2012 min. Regarding the ability of rCP302 to degrade folic acid, and its long half-life at 37 °C, the normal temperature of many mammals, this enzyme can be introduced for further study for use in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Naeemi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soyar Sari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nemati
- Department of Biotechnoligy, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseroleslami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pervaz S, Ullah A, Adu-Gyamfi EA, Lamptey J, Sah SK, Wang MJ, Wang YX. Role of CPXM1 in Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Ovarian Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:526-543. [PMID: 35697923 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common female endocrinopathy associated with both reproductive and metabolic disorders, has an unclear etiology and unsatisfactory management methods. Carboxypeptidase X, M14 family member 1 (CPXM1) is a protein involved in follicular atresia, insulin production, and adipose tissue production, though its role in PCOS is not fully understood. We used a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) plus dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mouse model to determine the role of CPXM1 in abnormal glucose metabolism and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. We found that serum CPXM1 concentrations were higher in PCOS mice and positively correlated with increased levels of serum testosterone and insulin. In both ovarian and adipose tissues of PCOS mice, CPXM1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased but GLUT4 levels were significantly decreased. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the ovary showed increased CPXM1 expression in PCOS. In addition, the protein expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) was also significantly decreased in PCOS mice. Furthermore, mRNA levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-α, and IFN-γ were increased in ovarian and adipose tissues of PCOS mice. However, IRS-1, IRS-2, and INSR levels were significantly decreased. Our results indicated for the first time that abnormally high expression of CPXM1, increased adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance, and chronic low-grade inflammation may act together in a vicious cycle in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Our research suggests the possibility of CPXM1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Amin Ullah
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sah
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jiao Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, YiXueYuanLu Street No.1, YuZhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georgiadis D, Skoulikas N, Papakyriakou A, Stratikos E. Phosphinic Peptides as Tool Compounds for the Study of Pharmacologically Relevant Zn-Metalloproteases. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1228-1253. [PMID: 36524013 PMCID: PMC9745897 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinic peptides constitute an important class of bioactive compounds that have found a wide range of applications in the field of biology and pharmacology of Zn-metalloproteases, the largest family of proteases in humans. They are designed to mimic the structure of natural substrates during their proteolysis, thus acting as mechanism-based, transition state analogue inhibitors. A combination of electrostatic interactions between the phosphinic acid group and the Zn cation as well as optimal noncovalent enzyme-ligand interactions can result in both high binding affinity for the desired target and selectivity against other proteases. Due to these unique properties, phosphinic peptides have been mainly employed as tool compounds for (a) the purposes of rational drug design by serving as ligands in X-ray crystal structures of target enzymes and allowing the identification of crucial interactions that govern optimal molecular recognition, and (b) the delineation of biological pathways where Zn-metalloproteases are key regulators. For the latter objective, inhibitors of the phosphinopeptidic type have been used either unmodified or after being transformed to probes of various types, thus expanding the arsenal of functional tools available to researchers. The aim of this review is to summarize all recent research achievements in which phosphinic peptides have played a central role as tool compounds in the understanding of the mechanism and biological functions of Zn-metalloproteases in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikas
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National
Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
- National
Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15341 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Madero-Ayala PA, Mares-Alejandre RE, Ramos-Ibarra MA. In Silico Structural Analysis of Serine Carboxypeptidase Nf314, a Potential Drug Target in Naegleria fowleri Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012203. [PMID: 36293059 PMCID: PMC9603766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri, also known as the “brain-eating” amoeba, is a free-living protozoan that resides in freshwater bodies. This pathogenic amoeba infects humans as a casual event when swimming in contaminated water. Upon inhalation, N. fowleri invades the central nervous system and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rapidly progressive and often fatal disease. Although PAM is considered rare, reducing its case fatality rate compels the search for pathogen-specific proteins with a structure–function relationship that favors their application as targets for discovering new or improved drugs against N. fowleri infections. Herein, we report a computational approach to study the structural features of Nf314 (a serine carboxypeptidase that is a virulence-related protein in N. fowleri infections) and assess its potential as a drug target, using bioinformatics tools and in silico molecular docking experiments. Our findings suggest that Nf314 has a ligand binding site suitable for the structure-based design of specific inhibitors. This study represents a further step toward postulating a reliable therapeutic target to treat PAM with drugs specifically aimed at blocking the pathogen proliferation by inhibiting protein function.
Collapse
|
14
|
Akula S, Hellman L, Avilés FX, Wernersson S. Analysis of the mast cell expressed carboxypeptidase A3 and its structural and evolutionary relationship to other vertebrate carboxypeptidases. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104273. [PMID: 34619175 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-carboxypeptidases are exopeptidases with diverse expression and function, found in all kingdoms of life from bacteria to mammals. One of them, the carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), has become an important component of the mammalian immune system by its expression in mast cells. Mast cells (MCs) are highly specialized sentinel cells, which store large amounts of bioactive mediators, including CPA3, in very abundant cytoplasmic granules. Clinical studies have found an increased CPA3 expression in asthma but the physiological role as well as the evolutionary origin of CPA3 remains largely unexplored. CPA3 belongs to the M14A subfamily of metallo-carboxypeptidases, which among others also includes the digestive enzymes CPA1, CPA2, CPB1 and CPO. To study the appearance of CPA3 during vertebrate evolution, we here performed bioinformatic analyses of homologous genes and gene loci from a broad panel of metazoan animals from invertebrates to mammals. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that CPA3 appeared at the base of tetrapod evolution in a branch closer to CPB1 than to other CPAs. Indeed, CPA3 and CPB1 are also located in the same locus, on chromosome 3 in humans. The presence of CPA3 only in tetrapods and not in fishes, suggested that CPA3 could have appeared by a gene duplication from CPB1 during early tetrapod evolution. However, the apparent loss of CPA3 in several tetrapod lineages, e.g. in birds and monotremes, indicates a complex evolution of the CPA3 gene. Interestingly, in the lack of CPA3 in fishes, zebrafish MCs express instead CPA5 for which the most closely related human carboxypeptidase is CPA1, which has a similar cleavage specificity as CPA3. Collectively, these findings clarify and add to our understanding of the evolution of hematopoietic proteases expressed by mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Akula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BOX 7011, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesc Xavier Avilés
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BOX 7011, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grabowski K, Herlan L, Witten A, Qadri F, Eisenreich A, Lindner D, Schädlich M, Schulz A, Subrova J, Mhatre KN, Primessnig U, Plehm R, van Linthout S, Escher F, Bader M, Stoll M, Westermann D, Heinzel FR, Kreutz R. Cpxm2 as a novel candidate for cardiac hypertrophy and failure in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:292-307. [PMID: 34916661 PMCID: PMC8766285 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension-mediated cardiac damage with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure remains challenging. To identify novel targets, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis between genetic models derived from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Here, we identified carboxypeptidase X 2 (Cpxm2) as a genetic locus affecting LV mass. Analysis of isolated rat cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts indicated Cpxm2 expression and intrinsic upregulation in genetic hypertension. Immunostaining indicated that CPXM2 associates with the t-tubule network of cardiomyocytes. The functional role of Cpxm2 was further investigated in Cpxm2-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice exposed to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). WT and KO animals developed severe and similar systolic hypertension in response to DOCA. WT mice developed severe LV damage, including increases in LV masses and diameters, impairment of LV systolic and diastolic function and reduced ejection fraction. These changes were significantly ameliorated or even normalized (i.e., ejection fraction) in KO-DOCA animals. LV transcriptome analysis showed a molecular cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling signature in WT but not KO mice with significant upregulation of 1234 transcripts, including Cpxm2, in response to DOCA. Analysis of endomyocardial biopsies from patients with cardiac hypertrophy indicated significant upregulation of CPXM2 expression. These data support further translational investigation of CPXM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Grabowski
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Herlan
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schädlich
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Subrova
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ketaki Nitin Mhatre
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Plehm
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie van Linthout
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT—Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Escher
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.486773.9Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy, IKDT GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Westermann
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank R. Heinzel
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
O'Reilly EL, Horvatić A, Kuleš J, Gelemanović A, Mrljak V, Huang Y, Brady N, Chadwick CC, Eckersall PD, Ridyard A. Faecal proteomics in the identification of biomarkers to differentiate canine chronic enteropathies. J Proteomics 2021; 254:104452. [PMID: 34958965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine chronic enteropathy (CCE) is a collective term used to describe a group of idiopathic enteropathies of dogs that result in a variety of clinical manifestations of intestinal dysfunction. Clinical stratification into food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) or non-food responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE), is made retrospectively based on response to treatments. Faecal extracts from those with a FRE (n = 5) and those with non-food responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) (n = 6) were compared to a healthy control group (n = 14) by applying TMT-based quantitative proteomic approach. Many of the proteins with significant differential abundance between groups were pancreatic or intestinal enzymes with pancreatitis-associated protein (identified as REG3α) and pancreatic M14 metallocarboxypeptidase proteins carboxypeptidase A1 and B identified as being of significantly increased abundance in the CCE group. The reactome analysis revealed the recycling of bile acids and salts and their metabolism to be present in the FRE group, suggesting a possible dysbiotic aetiology. Several acute phase proteins were significantly more abundant in the CCE group with the significant increase in haptoglobin in the CIE group especially notable. Further research of these proteins is needed to fully assess their clinical utility as faecal biomarkers for differentiating CCE cases. SIGNIFICANCE: The identification and characterisation of biomarkers that differentiate FRE from other forms of CIE would prove invaluable in streamlining clinical decision-making and would avoid costly and invasive investigations and delays in implementing effective treatment. Many of the proteins described here, as canine faecal proteins for the first time, have been highlighted in previous human and murine inflammatory bowl disease (IBD) studies initiating a new chapter in canine faecal biomarker research, where early and non-invasive biomarkers for early clinical stratification of CCE cases are needed. Pancreatitis-associated protein, pancreatic M14 metallocarboxypeptidase along with carboxypeptidase A1 and B are identified as being of significantly increased abundance in the CCE groups. Several acute phase proteins, were significantly more abundant in the CCE group notably haptoglobin in dogs with inflammatory enteropathy. The recognition of altered bile acid metabolism in the reactome analysis in the FRE group is significant in CCE which is a complex condition incorporating of immunological, dysbiotic and faecal bile acid dysmetabolism. Both proteomics and immunoassays will enable the characterisation of faecal APPs as well as other inflammatory and immune mediators, and the utilisation of assays, validated for use in analysis of faeces of veterinary species will enable clinical utilisation of faecal matrix to be fully realised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L O'Reilly
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. Emily.O'
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Gelemanović
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Yixin Huang
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nicola Brady
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Alison Ridyard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gavor E, Choong YK, Jobichen C, Mok YK, Kini RM, Sivaraman J. Structure of Aedes aegypti carboxypeptidase B1-inhibitor complex uncover the disparity between mosquito and non-mosquito insect carboxypeptidase inhibition mechanism. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2445-2456. [PMID: 34658092 PMCID: PMC8605369 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) in the mosquito midgut play crucial roles in infection, as well as in mosquito dietary digestion, reproduction, and development. MCPs are also part of the digestive system of plant-feeding insects, representing key targets for inhibitor development against mosquitoes/mosquito-borne pathogens or as antifeedant molecules against plant-feeding insects. Notably, some non-mosquito insect B-type MCPs are primarily insensitive to plant protease inhibitors (PPIs) such as the potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI; MW 4 kDa), an inhibitor explored for cancer treatment and insecticide design. Here, we report the crystal structure of Aedes aegypti carboxypeptidase-B1 (CPBAe1)-PCI complex and compared the binding with that of PCI-insensitive CPBs. We show that PCI accommodation is determined by key differences in the active-site regions of MCPs. In particular, the loop regions α6-α7 (Leu242 -Ser250 ) and β8-α8 (Pro269 -Pro280 ) of CPBAe1 are replaced by α-helices in PCI-insensitive insect Helicoverpa zea CPBHz. These α-helices protrude into the active-site pocket of CPBHz, restricting PCI insertion and rendering the enzyme insensitive. We further compared our structure with the only other PCI complex available, bovine CPA1-PCI. The potency of PCI against CPBAe1 (Ki = 14.7 nM) is marginally less than that of bovine CPA1 (Ki = 5 nM). Structurally, the above loop regions that accommodate PCI binding in CPBAe1 are similar to that of bovine CPA1, although observed changes in proteases residues that interact with PCI could account for the differences in affinity. Our findings suggest that PCI sensitivity is largely dictated by structural interference, which broadens our understanding of carboxypeptidase inhibition as a mosquito population/parasite control strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edem Gavor
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yeu Khai Choong
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Chacko Jobichen
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - J. Sivaraman
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gavor E, Choong YK, Tulsian NK, Nayak D, Idris F, Sivaraman H, Ting DHR, Sylvie A, Mok YK, Kini RM, Sivaraman J. Structure of Aedes aegypti procarboxypeptidase B1 and its binding with Dengue virus for controlling infection. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/1/e202101211. [PMID: 34750241 PMCID: PMC8605224 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Using high-resolution structure, we have characterized the substrate specificity of Aedes aegypti procarboxypeptidase B1 and provided mechanistic insights into the binding and inhibition of DENV Metallocarboxypeptidases play critical roles in the development of mosquitoes and influence pathogen/parasite infection of the mosquito midgut. Here, we report the crystal structure of Aedes aegypti procarboxypeptidase B1 (PCPBAe1), characterized its substrate specificity and mechanism of binding to and inhibiting Dengue virus (DENV). We show that the activated PCPBAe1 (CPBAe1) hydrolyzes both Arg- and Lys-substrates, which is modulated by residues Asp251 and Ser239. Notably, these residues are conserved in CPBs across mosquito species, possibly required for efficient digestion of basic dietary residues that are necessary for mosquito reproduction and development. Importantly, we characterized the interaction between PCPBAe1 and DENV envelope (E) protein, virus-like particles, and infectious virions. We identified residues Asp18A, Glu19A, Glu85, Arg87, and Arg89 of PCPBAe1 are essential for interaction with DENV. PCPBAe1 maps to the dimeric interface of the E protein domains I/II (Lys64–Glu84, Val238–Val252, and Leu278–Leu287). Overall, our studies provide general insights into how the substrate-binding property of mosquito carboxypeptidases could be targeted to potentially control mosquito populations or proposes a mechanism by which PCPBAe1 binds to and inhibits DENV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edem Gavor
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeu Khai Choong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Kumar Tulsian
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Digant Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hariharan Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alonso Sylvie
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sapio MR, Kim JJ, Loydpierson AJ, Maric D, Goto T, Vazquez FA, Dougherty MK, Narasimhan R, Muhly WT, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. The Persistent Pain Transcriptome: Identification of Cells and Molecules Activated by Hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1146-1179. [PMID: 33892151 PMCID: PMC9441406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During persistent pain, the dorsal spinal cord responds to painful inputs from the site of injury, but the molecular modulatory processes have not been comprehensively examined. Using transcriptomics and multiplex in situ hybridization, we identified the most highly regulated receptors and signaling molecules in rat dorsal spinal cord in peripheral inflammatory and post-surgical incisional pain models. We examined a time course of the response including acute (2 hours) and longer term (2 day) time points after peripheral injury representing the early onset and instantiation of hyperalgesic processes. From this analysis, we identify a key population of superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons marked by somatotopic upregulation of the opioid neuropeptide precursor prodynorphin, and 2 receptors: the neurokinin 1 receptor, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. These alterations occur specifically in the glutamatergic subpopulation of superficial dynorphinergic neurons. In addition to specific neuronal gene regulation, both models showed induction of broad transcriptional signatures for tissue remodeling, synaptic rearrangement, and immune signaling defined by complement and interferon induction. These signatures were predominantly induced ipsilateral to tissue injury, implying linkage to primary afferent drive. We present a comprehensive set of gene regulatory events across 2 models that can be targeted for the development of non-opioid analgesics. PERSPECTIVE: The deadly impact of the opioid crisis and the need to replace morphine and other opioids in clinical practice is well recognized. Embedded within this research is an overarching goal of obtaining foundational knowledge from transcriptomics to search for non-opioid analgesic targets. Developing such analgesics would address unmet clinical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jenny J Kim
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amelia J Loydpierson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taichi Goto
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fernando A Vazquez
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary K Dougherty
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Radhika Narasimhan
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wallis T Muhly
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peptidomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms. J Proteomics 2021; 240:104188. [PMID: 33781962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial saccular aneurysms (ISA) represent 90%-95% of all intracranial aneurysm cases, characterizing abnormal pockets at arterial branch points. Ruptures lead to subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) and poor prognoses. We applied mass spectrometry-based peptidomics to investigate the peptidome of twelve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from eleven patients diagnosed with ISA. For peptide profile analyses, participants were classified into: 1) ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms (RIA), 2) unruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms (UIA), and late-ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms (LRIA). Altogether, a total of 2199 peptides were detected by both Mascot and Peaks software, from which 484 (22.0%) were unique peptides. All unique peptides presented conserved chains, domains, regions of protein modulation and/or post-translational modification sites related to human diseases. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of peptide precursor proteins showed that 42% are involved in binding, 56% in cellular anatomical entities, and 39% in intercellular signaling molecules. Unique peptides identified in patients diagnosed with RIA have a larger molecular weight and a distinctive developmental process compared to UIA and LRIA (P ≤ 0.05). Continued investigations will allow the characterization of the biological and clinical significance of the peptides identified in the present study, as well as identify prototypes for peptide-based pharmacological therapies to treat ISA. SIGNIFICANCE.
Collapse
|
21
|
Identification and characterization of a wolfberry carboxypeptidase inhibitor from Lycium barbarum. Food Chem 2021; 351:129338. [PMID: 33647700 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperstable cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) represent an underexplored superfamily of bioactives in functional foods. An example is wolfberry of the Lycium barbarum family. Previously, we discovered a CRP, designated α-lybatide, from L. barbarum bark. Herein, we report the discovery of β-lybatide, a novel carboxypeptidase inhibitor belonging to a different CRP family from the wolfberry plant. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that β-lybatide contains 36 amino acids with six cysteine residues. NMR spectroscopy revealed that β-lybatide displays a knottin-like structure that renders it highly resistant to thermal, chemical and enzymatic degradation, conditions important for keeping its structural integrity in gastrointestinal tract. Biochemical assays showed that β-lybatide is a potent carboxypeptidase inhibitor which could contribute to the wolfberry biological activities. Bioinformatics analysis revealed an additional 49 β-lybatide-like plant carboxypeptidase inhibitors. Together, our results show that β-lybatide is the first and the smallest plant-derived hyperstable carboxypeptidase inhibitor discovered from a functional food.
Collapse
|
22
|
Moon Y, Moon R, Roh H, Chang S, Lee S, Park H. HIF-1α-Dependent Induction of Carboxypeptidase A4 and Carboxypeptidase E in Hypoxic Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:945-952. [PMID: 33203807 PMCID: PMC7700838 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces the expression of several genes through the activation of a master transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. This study shows that hypoxia strongly induced the expression of two carboxypeptidases (CP), CPA4 and CPE, in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. The hypoxic induction of CPA4 and CPE gene was accompanied by the recruitment of HIF-1α and upregulation in the active histone modification, H3K4me3, at their promoter regions. The hypoxic responsiveness of CPA4 and CPE genes was observed in human adipocytes, human adipose-derived stem cells, and human primary fibroblasts but not mouse primary adipocyte progenitor cells. CPA4 and CPE have been identified as secreted exopeptidases that degrade and process other secreted proteins and matrix proteins. This finding suggests that hypoxia changes the microenvironment of the obese hypoxic adipose tissue by inducing the expression of not only adipokines but also peptidases such as CPA4 and CPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwon Moon
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- Present address: Cell Therapy Research Center, GC LabCell, Yongin 16924, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ramhee Moon
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hyunsoo Roh
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Soojeong Chang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Seongyeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beumer J, Puschhof J, Bauzá-Martinez J, Martínez-Silgado A, Elmentaite R, James KR, Ross A, Hendriks D, Artegiani B, Busslinger GA, Ponsioen B, Andersson-Rolf A, Saftien A, Boot C, Kretzschmar K, Geurts MH, Bar-Ephraim YE, Pleguezuelos-Manzano C, Post Y, Begthel H, van der Linden F, Lopez-Iglesias C, van de Wetering WJ, van der Linden R, Peters PJ, Heck AJR, Goedhart J, Snippert H, Zilbauer M, Teichmann SA, Wu W, Clevers H. High-Resolution mRNA and Secretome Atlas of Human Enteroendocrine Cells. Cell 2020; 181:1291-1306.e19. [PMID: 32407674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) sense intestinal content and release hormones to regulate gastrointestinal activity, systemic metabolism, and food intake. Little is known about the molecular make-up of human EEC subtypes and the regulated secretion of individual hormones. Here, we describe an organoid-based platform for functional studies of human EECs. EEC formation is induced in vitro by transient expression of NEUROG3. A set of gut organoids was engineered in which the major hormones are fluorescently tagged. A single-cell mRNA atlas was generated for the different EEC subtypes, and their secreted products were recorded by mass-spectrometry. We note key differences to murine EECs, including hormones, sensory receptors, and transcription factors. Notably, several hormone-like molecules were identified. Inter-EEC communication is exemplified by secretin-induced GLP-1 secretion. Indeed, individual EEC subtypes carry receptors for various EEC hormones. This study provides a rich resource to study human EEC development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Martínez-Silgado
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rasa Elmentaite
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kylie R James
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alexander Ross
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Artegiani
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Georg A Busslinger
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda Andersson-Rolf
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurelia Saftien
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charelle Boot
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yotam E Bar-Ephraim
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cayetano Pleguezuelos-Manzano
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yorick Post
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franka van der Linden
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Lopez-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Willine J van de Wetering
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Snippert
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ye Y, An Y, Wang M, Liu H, Guan L, Wang Z, Li W. Expression of Carboxypeptidase X M14 Family Member 2 Accelerates the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Regulation of the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2353-2364. [PMID: 32280274 PMCID: PMC7127851 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s228984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carboxypeptidase X, M14 family member 2 (CPXM2) has been reported to be involved with several human malignancies. However, the impact of CPXM2 on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis has not been studied. Materials and Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the detailed CPXM2 expression patterns were examined in HCC cell lines and tissues. Additionally, a hepatic stellate cell line overexpressing CPXM2 and an HCC CPXM2-knockdown cell line were established by lipofection of an expression plasmid or short hairpin RNA, respectively. The transfection efficiencies were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, Western blotting was conducted to determine the phosphorylation levels of the tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat1) pathway. Furthermore, gp130-specific hairpin RNA was used to knockdown gp130 expression in hepatic stellate cells overexpressing CPXM2. The malignant phenotype of cultured HCC cells was assessed by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, plate cloning assay, Matrigel invasion assay and wound-healing assay in vitro. Results It was demonstrated that CPXM2 was upregulated in HCC, and its upregulation predicted a poor prognosis. Besides, the upregulation of CPXM2 markedly enhanced the metastatic potential of HCC via the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 signaling pathway in vitro. Conclusion In summary, this evidence suggests a positive role for CPXM2 in HCC progression via modulation of the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 signaling pathway in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan An
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun J, Meng D, Yu T, Li F, Zhang G, Tian X, Zhao N, Li G, Li L, Wang H, Liu Y, Meng Y, Ma Y, Wan Z, Bao J, Piao H. N-terminal truncated carboxypeptidase E represses E-cadherin expression in lung cancer by stabilizing the Snail-HDAC complex. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:925-938. [PMID: 32266100 PMCID: PMC7136916 DOI: pmid/32266100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal truncated carboxypeptidase E (CPEΔN) protein, an alternative splicing product of the carboxypeptidase E gene, has recently been recognized as an independent predictor for the recurrence and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we showed that CPEΔN may accelerate lung cancer invasion via an E-cadherin-dependent mechanism. In vitro experiments and in vivo bioluminescence imaging assay revealed CPEΔN promoted the mobility and invasion of human lung cancer cells by suppressing endogenous expression of E-cadherin, a critical regulator for epithelial tissue homeostasis. Further mechanistic analyses revealed that CPEΔN directly interacted with and stabilized the Snail/HDAC1/HDAC3 complex within the promoter region of the E-cadherin-encoding CDH1 gene. CPEΔN overexpression led to a reduction of histone H3K9 acetylation and an increase of H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation in the CHD1 gene promoter and ultimately inhibited E-cadherin transcription. In addition, correlations among CPEΔN, E-cadherin expression and tumor progression in 195 cases of lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed. Higher nuclear expression of CPEΔN was detected in patients with advanced stage of lung adenocarcinoma. Nuclear expression of CPEΔN was negatively correlated with the cell membrane expression of E-cadherin. Collectively, our findings illustrated that CPEΔN was involved in the transcriptional regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene CDH1 and provide novel insights into CPEΔN-associated lung cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Dawei Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Provincial Jinqiu HospitalShenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of The PRC, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of The PRC, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, China Medical University First HospitalShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Guimin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Provincial Jinqiu HospitalShenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Li
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Scientific Research and Academic, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yeqiu Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiming Meng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yushu Ma
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhong Wan
- Department of Scientific Research and Academic, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Jimin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Provincial Jinqiu HospitalShenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Akparov VK, Timofeev VI, Konstantinova GE, Khaliullin IG, Kuranova IP, Rakitina TV, Švedas V. The nature of the ligand's side chain interacting with the S1'-subsite of metallocarboxypeptidase T (from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) determines the geometry of the tetrahedral transition complex. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226636. [PMID: 31887148 PMCID: PMC6937156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The carboxypeptidase T (CPT) from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris has an active site structure and 3D organization similar to pancreatic carboxypeptidases A and B (CPA and CPB), but differs in broader substrate specificity. The crystal structures of CPT complexes with the transition state analogs N-sulfamoyl-L-leucine and N-sulfamoyl-L-glutamate (SLeu and SGlu) were determined and compared with previously determined structures of CPT complexes with N-sulfamoyl-L-arginine and N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine (SArg and SPhe). The conformations of residues Tyr255 and Glu270, the distances between these residues and the corresponding ligand groups, and the Zn-S gap between the zinc ion and the sulfur atom in the ligand's sulfamoyl group that simulates a distance between the zinc ion and the tetrahedral sp3-hybridized carbon atom of the converted peptide bond, vary depending on the nature of the side chain in the substrate's C-terminus. The increasing affinity of CPT with the transition state analogs in the order SGlu, SArg, SPhe, SLeu correlates well with a decreasing Zn-S gap in these complexes and the increasing efficiency of CPT-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding tripeptide substrates (ZAAL > ZAAF > ZAAR > ZAAE). Thus, the side chain of the ligand that interacts with the primary specificity pocket of CPT, determines the geometry of the transition complex, the relative orientation of the bond to be cleaved by the catalytic groups of the active site and the catalytic properties of the enzyme. In the case of CPB, the relative orientation of the catalytic amino acid residues, as well as the distance between Glu270 and SArg/SPhe, is much less dependent on the nature of the corresponding side chain of the substrate. The influence of the nature of the substrate side chain on the structural organization of the transition state determines catalytic activity and broad substrate specificity of the carboxypeptidase T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Kh. Akparov
- Protein Chemistry Department, Federal Institution "State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Timofeev
- Laboratory of X-ray analysis methods and synchrotron radiation, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov center of synchrotron-neutron research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina E. Konstantinova
- Protein Chemistry Department, Federal Institution "State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilyas G. Khaliullin
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Inna P. Kuranova
- Laboratory of X-ray analysis methods and synchrotron radiation, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov center of synchrotron-neutron research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Rakitina
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation Proteins, Shemyakin−Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao X, Li R, Wang Q, Wu M, Wang Y. Overexpression of carboxypeptidase X M14 family member 2 predicts an unfavorable prognosis and promotes proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:118. [PMID: 31651348 PMCID: PMC6813969 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carboxypeptidase X, M14 family member 2 (CPXM2), has been associated with several human developmental disorders. However, whether CPXM2 is involved in oncogenesis or tumor progression remains unclear. Currently, the clinical relevance and function of CPXM2 in human osteosarcoma were investigated. Materials and methods The expression of CPXM2 in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues were explored by immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. A eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into fetal osteoblast cells to overexpress CPXM2 and the endogenous CPXM2 in osteosarcoma cells was silenced through an RNA interference (RNAi) method transfection. These transfections were validated via western blotting, and the expression levels of several key molecules involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition was also determined via western blotting. The expression levels of CPXM2 in a fetal osteoblast cell line with CPXM2 overexpressing and an osteosarcoma CPXM2-knockout cell line was confirmed via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting and immunofluorescence. The malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells was indicated by the cholecystokinin octapeptide, colony formation assay, scratch wound healing assay, and Transwell® migration assay. Results We found that CPXM2 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma and that the overexpression was associated with an unfavorable prognosis and tumor node metastasis staging. The knockdown of CPXM2 in cultured osteosarcoma cells significantly impeded cell proliferation and migration. In addition, the upregulation of CPXM2 in fetal osteoblast cells significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration. Besides, western blotting results revealed that several key molecules involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) were regulated by CPXM2. Conclusion Taken together, these results imply an active role for CPXM2 in promoting tumor aggressiveness via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) modulation in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Orthopedic Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 128 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ronghang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 128 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Orthopedic Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 128 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Orthopedic Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 128 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Covaleda-Cortés G, Hernández M, Trejo SA, Mansur M, Rodríguez-Calado S, García-Pardo J, Lorenzo J, Vendrell J, Chávez MÁ, Alonso-Del-Rivero M, Avilés FX. Characterization, Recombinant Production and Structure-Function Analysis of NvCI, A Picomolar Metallocarboxypeptidase Inhibitor from the Marine Snail Nerita versicolor. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090511. [PMID: 31470614 PMCID: PMC6780499 DOI: 10.3390/md17090511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A very powerful proteinaceous inhibitor of metallocarboxypeptidases has been isolated from the marine snail Nerita versicolor and characterized in depth. The most abundant of four, very similar isoforms, NvCla, was taken as reference and N-terminally sequenced to obtain a 372-nucleotide band coding for the protein cDNA. The mature protein contains 53 residues and three disulphide bonds. NvCIa and the other isoforms show an exceptionally high inhibitory capacity of around 1.8 pM for human Carboxypeptidase A1 (hCPA1) and for other A-like members of the M14 CPA subfamily, whereas a twofold decrease in inhibitory potency is observed for carboxypeptidase B-like members as hCPB and hTAFIa. A recombinant form, rNvCI, was produced in high yield and HPLC, mass spectrometry and spectroscopic analyses by CD and NMR indicated its homogeneous, compact and thermally resistant nature. Using antibodies raised with rNvCI and histochemical analyses, a preferential distribution of the inhibitor in the surface regions of the animal body was observed, particularly nearby the open entrance of the shell and gut, suggesting its involvement in biological defense mechanisms. The properties of this strong, small and stable inhibitor of metallocarboxypeptidases envisage potentialities for its direct applicability, as well as leading or minimized forms, in biotechnological/biomedical uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Covaleda-Cortés
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Martha Hernández
- Faculty of Forestry Science, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, 2407 Concepción, Chile
| | - Sebastián Alejandro Trejo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Manuel Mansur
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sergi Rodríguez-Calado
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Javier García-Pardo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Josep Vendrell
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - María Ángeles Chávez
- Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de la Habana, 10400 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maday Alonso-Del-Rivero
- Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de la Habana, 10400 La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Francesc Xavier Avilés
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Akparov VK, Timofeev VI, Khaliullin IG, Konstantinova GE, Kuranova IP, Rakitina TV, Švedas VK. Mobile Loop in the Active Site of Metallocarboxypeptidases as an Underestimated Determinant of Substrate Specificity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1594-1602. [PMID: 30878033 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the primary specificity of metallocarboxypeptidases is mainly determined by the structure of the so-called primary specificity pocket. However, the G215S/A251G/T257A/D260G/T262D mutant of carboxypeptidase T from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (CPT) with the primary specificity pocket fully reproducing the one in pancreatic carboxypeptidase B (CPB) retained the broad, mainly hydrophobic substrate specificity of the wild-type enzyme. In order to elucidate factors affecting substrate specificity of metallocarboxypeptidases and the reasons for the discrepancy with the established views, we have solved the structure of the complex of the CPT G215S/A251G/T257A/D260G/T262D mutant with the transition state analogue N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine at a resolution of 1.35 Å and compared it with the structure of similar complex formed by CPB. The comparative study revealed a previously underestimated structural determinant of the substrate specificity of metallocarboxypeptidases and showed that even if substitution of five amino acid residues in the primary specificity pocket results in its almost complete structural correspondence to the analogous pocket in CPB, this does not lead to fundamental changes in the substrate specificity of the mutant enzyme due to the differences in the structure of the mobile loop located at the active site entrance that affects the substrate-induced conformational rearrangements of the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Kh Akparov
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, 117545, Russia.
| | - V I Timofeev
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - I G Khaliullin
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia.
| | - G E Konstantinova
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, 117545, Russia
| | - I P Kuranova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - T V Rakitina
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, 123098, Russia. .,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation Proteins, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - V K Švedas
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Covaleda G, Gallego P, Vendrell J, Georgiadis D, Lorenzo J, Dive V, Aviles FX, Reverter D, Devel L. Synthesis and Structural/Functional Characterization of Selective M14 Metallocarboxypeptidase Inhibitors Based on Phosphinic Pseudopeptide Scaffold: Implications on the Design of Specific Optical Probes. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1917-1931. [PMID: 30688452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) of the M14 family are Zn2+-dependent exoproteases present in almost every tissue or fluid in mammals. These enzymes perform a large variety of physiological functions and are involved in several pathologies, such as pancreatic diseases, inflammation, fibrinolysis, and cancer. Here, we describe the synthesis and functional/structural characterization of a series of reversible tight-binding phosphinic pseudopeptide inhibitors that show high specificity and potency toward these proteases. Characterization of their inhibitory potential against a large variety of MCPs, combined with high-resolution crystal structures of three selected candidates in complex with human carboxypeptidase A (CPA)1, allowed to decipher the structural determinants governing selectivity for type-A of the M14A MCP family. Further, the phosphinic pseudopeptide framework was exploited to generate an optical probe selectively targeting human CPAs. The phosphinic pseudopeptides presented here constitute the first example of chemical probes useful to selectively report on type-A MCPs activity in complex media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Covaleda
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pablo Gallego
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Vendrell
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Francesc Xavier Aviles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Reverter
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stevenson MJ, Uyeda KS, Harder NHO, Heffern MC. Metal-dependent hormone function: the emerging interdisciplinary field of metalloendocrinology. Metallomics 2019; 11:85-110. [PMID: 30270362 PMCID: PMC10249669 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For over 100 years, there has been an incredible amount of knowledge amassed concerning hormones in the endocrine system and their central role in human health. Hormones represent a diverse group of biomolecules that are released by glands, communicate signals to their target tissue, and are regulated by feedback loops to maintain organism health. Many disease states, such as diabetes and reproductive disorders, stem from misregulation or dysfunction of hormones. Increasing research is illuminating the intricate roles of metal ions in the endocrine system where they may act advantageously in concert with hormones or deleteriously catalyze hormone-associated disease states. As the critical role of metal ions in the endocrine system becomes more apparent, it is increasingly important to untangle the complex mechanisms underlying the connections between inorganic biochemistry and hormone function to understand and control endocrinological phenomena. This tutorial review harmonizes the interdisciplinary fields of endocrinology and inorganic chemistry in the newly-termed field of "metalloendocrinology". We describe examples linking metals to both normal and aberrant hormone function with a focus on highlighting insight to molecular mechanisms. Hormone activities related to both essential metal micronutrients, such as copper, iron, zinc, and calcium, and disruptive nonessential metals, such as lead and cadmium are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen YC, Taylor AJ, Verchere CB. Islet prohormone processing in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:64-76. [PMID: 30230179 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of peptide hormones by pancreatic islet endocrine cells is a tightly orchestrated process that is critical for metabolic homeostasis. Like neuroendocrine peptides, insulin and other islet hormones are first synthesized as larger precursor molecules that are processed to their mature secreted products through a series of proteolytic cleavages, mediated by the prohormone convertases Pc1/3 and Pc2, and carboxypeptidase E. Additional posttranslational modifications including C-terminal amidation of the β-cell peptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) by peptidyl-glycine α-amidating monooxygenase (Pam) may also occur. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have showed genetic linkage of these processing enzymes to obesity, β-cell dysfunction, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), pointing to their important roles in metabolism and blood glucose regulation. In both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D, and in the face of metabolic or inflammatory stresses, islet prohormone processing may become impaired; indeed elevated proinsulin:insulin (PI:I) ratios are a hallmark of the β-cell dysfunction in T2D. Recent studies suggest that genetic or acquired defects in proIAPP processing may lead to the production and secretion of incompletely processed forms of proIAPP that could contribute to T2D pathogenesis, and additionally that impaired processing of both PI and proIAPP may be characteristic of β-cell dysfunction in T1D. In islet α-cells, the prohormone proglucagon is normally processed to bioactive glucagon by Pc2 but may express Pc1/3 under certain conditions leading to production of GLP-1(7-36NH2 ). A better understanding of how β-cell processing of PI and proIAPP, as well as α-cell processing of proglucagon, are impacted by genetic susceptibility and in the face of diabetogenic stresses, may lead to new therapeutic approaches for improving islet function in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Austin J Taylor
- Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang N, Anapindi KDB, Rubakhin SS, Wei P, Yu Q, Li L, Kenny PJ, Sweedler JV. Neuropeptidomics of the Rat Habenular Nuclei. J Proteome Res 2018. [PMID: 29518334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conserved across vertebrates, the habenular nuclei are a pair of small symmetrical structures in the epithalamus. The nuclei functionally link the forebrain and midbrain by receiving input from and projecting to several brain regions. Each habenular nucleus comprises two major asymmetrical subnuclei, the medial and lateral habenula. These subnuclei are associated with different physiological processes and disorders, such as depression, nicotine addiction, and encoding aversive stimuli or omitting expected rewarding stimuli. Elucidating the functions of the habenular nuclei at the molecular level requires knowledge of their neuropeptide complement. In this work, three mass spectrometry (MS) techniques-liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to Orbitrap tandem MS (MS/MS), LC coupled to Fourier transform (FT)-ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) MS/MS, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) FT-ICR MS-were used to uncover the neuropeptide profiles of the rodent medial and lateral habenula. With the assistance of tissue stabilization and bioinformatics, a total of 262 and 177 neuropeptides produced from 27 and 20 prohormones were detected and identified from the medial and lateral habenula regions, respectively. Among these neuropeptides, 136 were exclusively found in the medial habenula, and 51 were exclusively expressed in the lateral habenula. Additionally, novel sites of sulfation, a rare post-translational modification, on the secretogranin I prohormone are identified. The results demonstrate that these two small brain nuclei have a rich and differentiated peptide repertoire, with this information enabling a range of follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Krishna D B Anapindi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Pingli Wei
- Chemistry Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Chemistry Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States.,School of Pharmacy , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Peptidomics is the comprehensive characterization of peptides from biological sources mainly by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry allows the detection of a multitude of single peptides in complex mixtures. The term first appeared in full papers in the year 2001, after over 100 years of peptide research with a main focus on one or a few specific peptides. Within the last 15 years, this new field has grown to over 1200 publications. Mass spectrometry techniques, in combination with other analytical methods, were developed for the fast and comprehensive analysis of peptides in proteomics and specifically adjusted to implement peptidomics technologies. Although peptidomics is closely linked to proteomics, there are fundamental differences with conventional bottom-up proteomics. The development of peptidomics is described, including the most important implementations for its technological basis. Different strategies are covered which are applied to several important applications, such as neuropeptidomics and discovery of bioactive peptides or biomarkers. This overview includes links to all other chapters in the book as well as recent developments of separation, mass spectrometric, and data processing technologies. Additionally, some new applications in food and plant peptidomics as well as immunopeptidomics are introduced.
Collapse
|
35
|
Testero SA, Granados C, Fernández D, Gallego P, Covaleda G, Reverter D, Vendrell J, Avilés FX, Pallarès I, Mobashery S. Discovery of Mechanism-Based Inactivators for Human Pancreatic Carboxypeptidase A from a Focused Synthetic Library. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1122-1127. [PMID: 29057062 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) are involved in many biological processes such as fibrinolysis or inflammation, development, Alzheimer's disease, and various types of cancer. We describe the synthesis and kinetic characterization of a focused library of 22 thiirane- and oxirane-based potential mechanism-based inhibitors, which led to discovery of an inhibitor for the human pro-carboxypeptidase A1. Our structural analyses show that the thiirane-based small-molecule inhibitor penetrates the barrier of the pro-domain to bind within the active site. This binding leads to a chemical reaction that covalently modifies the catalytic Glu270. These results highlight the importance of combined structural, biophysical, and biochemical evaluation of inhibitors in design strategies for the development of spectroscopically nonsilent probes as effective beacons for in vitro, in cellulo, and/or in vivo localization in clinical and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A. Testero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Carla Granados
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pablo Gallego
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Giovanni Covaleda
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Reverter
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Vendrell
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc X. Avilés
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Irantzu Pallarès
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències,
and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Van Camp KA, Baggerman G, Blust R, Husson SJ. Peptidomics of the zebrafish Danio rerio : In search for neuropeptides. J Proteomics 2017; 150:290-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
37
|
He J, Chen DL, Samocha-Bonet D, Gillinder KR, Barclay JL, Magor GW, Perkins AC, Greenfield JR, Yang G, Whitehead JP. Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) promotes adipogenesis by downregulation of carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) - a negative regulator of adipogenesis implicated in the modulation of local and systemic insulin sensitivity. Growth Factors 2016; 34:210-216. [PMID: 28209092 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1285764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) promotes differentiation of human preadipocytes into mature adipocytes via modulation of a BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ)-dependent network. Here, we combined transcriptomic and functional investigations to identify novel downstream effectors aligned with complementary analyses of gene expression in human adipose tissue to explore relationships with insulin sensitivity. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant down-regulation of carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) following FGF-1 treatment or induction of differentiation of human preadipocytes in a BAMBI/PPARγ-independent manner. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CPA4 resulted in enhanced differentiation of human preadipocytes. Furthermore, expression of CPA4 in subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated negatively with indices of local and systemic (liver and muscle) insulin sensitivity. These results identify CPA4 as a negative regulator of adipogenesis that is down-regulated by FGF-1 and a putative deleterious modulator of local and systemic insulin sensitivity. Further investigations are required to define the molecular mechanism(s) involved and potential therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , P.R. China
- b Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Daniel L Chen
- c Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- c Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Randwick , Australia
| | - Kevin R Gillinder
- b Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- b Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Graham W Magor
- b Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Andrew C Perkins
- b Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- c Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Randwick , Australia
- e Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes , St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney , Australia , and
| | - Gongshe Yang
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , P.R. China
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- b Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
- f School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , Lincolnshire , UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Carboxypeptidase Genes in Silkworm (Bombyx mori). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081203. [PMID: 27483237 PMCID: PMC5000601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically-important insect that can secrete silk. Carboxypeptidases have been found in various metazoan species and play important roles in physiological and biochemical reactions. Here, we analyzed the silkworm genome database and characterized 48 carboxypeptidases, including 34 metal carboxypeptidases (BmMCP1-BmMCP34) and 14 serine carboxypeptidases (BmSCP1-BmSCP14), to better understand their diverse functions. Compared to other insects, our results indicated that carboxypeptidases from silkworm have more family members. These silkworm carboxypeptidases could be divided into four families: Peptidase_M2 carboxypeptidases, Peptidase_M14 carboxypeptidases, Peptidase_S10 carboxypeptidases and Peptidase_S28 carboxypeptidases. Microarray analysis showed that the carboxypeptidases had distinct expression patterns, whereas quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the expression level of 13 carboxypeptidases significantly decreased after starvation and restored after re-feeding. Overall, our study provides new insights into the functional and evolutionary features of silkworm carboxypeptidases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Li Z, Tang L, Qiu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Tong X, Wei X, Hou Y, Zhang J. Serine carboxypeptidase 46 Regulates Grain Filling and Seed Germination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159737. [PMID: 27448032 PMCID: PMC4957776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine carboxypeptidase (SCP) is one of the largest groups of enzymes catalyzing proteolysis for functional protein maturation. To date, little is known about the function of SCPs in rice. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the gene structure and expression profile of 59 rice SCPs. SCP46 is dominantly expressed in developing seeds, particularly in embryo, endosperm and aleurone layers, and could be induced by ABA. Functional characterization revealed that knock-down of SCP46 resulted in smaller grain size and enhanced seed germination. Furthermore, scp46 seed germination became less sensitive to the ABA inhibition than the Wild-type did; suggesting SCP46 is involved in ABA signaling. As indicated by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, numerous grain filling and seed dormancy related genes, such as SP, VP1 and AGPs were down-regulated in scp46. Yeast-two-hybrid assay also showed that SCP46 interacts with another ABA-inducible protein DI19-1. Taken together, we suggested that SCP46 is a master regulator of grain filling and seed germination, possibly via participating in the ABA signaling. The results of this study shed novel light into the roles of SCPs in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Tang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lopes MW, Sapio MR, Leal RB, Fricker LD. Knockdown of Carboxypeptidase A6 in Zebrafish Larvae Reduces Response to Seizure-Inducing Drugs and Causes Changes in the Level of mRNAs Encoding Signaling Molecules. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152905. [PMID: 27050163 PMCID: PMC4822968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) is an extracellular matrix metallocarboxypeptidase that modulates peptide and protein function by removal of hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids. Mutations in the human CPA6 gene that reduce enzymatic activity in the extracellular matrix are associated with febrile seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The characterization of these human mutations suggests a dominant mode of inheritance by haploinsufficiency through loss of function mutations, however the total number of humans with pathologic mutations in CPA6 identified to date remains small. To better understand the relationship between CPA6 and seizures we investigated the effects of morpholino knockdown of cpa6 mRNA in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Knockdown of cpa6 mRNA resulted in resistance to the effect of seizure-inducing drugs pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine on swimming behaviors. Knockdown of cpa6 mRNA also reduced the levels of mRNAs encoding neuropeptide precursors (bdnf, npy, chga, pcsk1nl, tac1, nts, edn1), a neuropeptide processing enzyme (cpe), transcription factor (c-fos), and molecules implicated in glutamatergic signaling (grin1a and slc1a2b). Treatment of zebrafish embryos with 60 mM pilocarpine for 1 hour led to reductions in levels of many of the same mRNAs when measured 1 day after pilocarpine exposure, except for c-fos which was elevated 1 day after pilocarpine treatment. Pilocarpine treatment, like cpa6 knockdown, led to a reduced sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole when tested 1 day after pilocarpine treatment. Taken together, these results add to mounting evidence that peptidergic systems participate in the biological effects of seizure-inducing drugs, and are the first in vivo demonstration of the molecular and behavioral consequences of cpa6 insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark William Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo B. Leal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lloyd D. Fricker
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim YH, Barclay JL, He J, Luo X, O'Neill HM, Keshvari S, Webster JA, Ng C, Hutley LJ, Prins JB, Whitehead JP. Identification of carboxypeptidase X (CPX)-1 as a positive regulator of adipogenesis. FASEB J 2016; 30:2528-40. [PMID: 27006448 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion occurs through a combination of hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and generation of new adipocytes via the process of hyperplasia, which involves the proliferation and subsequent differentiation of preadipocytes. Deficiencies in hyperplasia contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction and the association of obesity with chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, increased understanding of hyperplastic pathways may be expected to afford novel therapeutic strategies. We have reported that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 promotes proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes and recently demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a central, proximal effector. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of carboxypeptidase X (CPX)-1, a secreted collagen-binding glycoprotein, as a novel downstream effector in human primary and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome preadipocytes. CPX-1 expression increased after treatment of preadipocytes with FGF-1, BAMBI knockdown, or induction of differentiation. CPX-1 knockdown compromised preadipocyte differentiation coincident with reduced collagen expression. Furthermore, preadipocytes differentiated on matrix derived from CPX-1 knockdown cells exhibited reduced Glut4 expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Finally, CPX-1 expression was increased in adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. Collectively, these findings establish CPX-1 as a positive regulator of adipogenesis situated downstream of FGF-1/BAMBI that may contribute to hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion via affecting extracellular matrix remodeling.-Kim, Y.-H., Barclay, J. L., He, J., Luo, X., O'Neill, H. M., Keshvari, S., Webster, J. A., Ng, C., Hutley, L. J., Prins, J. B., Whitehead, J. P. Identification of carboxypeptidase X (CPX)-1 as a positive regulator of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hee Kim
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jingjing He
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiao Luo
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hayley M O'Neill
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie A Webster
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Choaping Ng
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise J Hutley
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Verdonck R, De Haes W, Cardoen D, Menschaert G, Huhn T, Landuyt B, Baggerman G, Boonen K, Wenseleers T, Schoofs L. Fast and Reliable Quantitative Peptidomics with labelpepmatch. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerben Menschaert
- Research
Group of Bio-informatics and Computational Genomics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Chemistry
Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Geert Baggerman
- CFP/CeProMa, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Vito, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Biology
Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Carboxypeptidase X-1 (CPX-1) is a secreted collagen-binding glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:894-9. [PMID: 26603934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase X-1 (CPX-1) is an atypical member of the carboxypeptidase (CP) family of proteins involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, unlike most other family members CPX-1 lacks catalytic activity making its biological function unclear. CPX-1 contains a 160 amino acid discoidin domain (DSD) that serves as a binding domain in other proteins prompting us to investigate a putative functional role for this domain in CPX-1. Sequence alignment confirmed the overarching homology between the DSD of CPX-1 and other DSDs whilst more detailed analysis revealed conservation of the residues known to form the collagen-binding trench within the DSD of the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) 1 and 2. Biochemical characterisation of transiently expressed human CPX-1 revealed that CPX-1 was secreted in an N-glycosylation-dependent manner as treatment with the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin inhibited secretion concomitant with a reduction in CPX-1 mobility on Western blot. Using a collagen pull-down assay we found that secreted CPX-1 bound collagen and this appeared independent of N-glycosylation as treatment with PNGaseF did not affect binding. Further analysis under non-reducing and reducing (+DTT) conditions revealed that CPX-1 was secreted in both monomeric and dimeric forms and only the former bound collagen. Finally, mutation of a key residue situated within the putative collagen-binding trench within the DSD of CPX-1 (R192A) significantly reduced secretion and collagen-binding by 40% and 60%, respectively. Collectively these results demonstrate that CPX-1 is a secreted collagen-binding glycoprotein and provide a foundation for future studies investigating the function of CPX-1.
Collapse
|
44
|
Romanova EV, Sweedler JV. Peptidomics for the discovery and characterization of neuropeptides and hormones. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:579-86. [PMID: 26143240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of neuropeptides as signaling molecules with paracrine or hormonal regulatory functions has led to trailblazing advances in physiology and fostered the characterization of numerous neuropeptide-binding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as potential drug targets. The impact on human health has been tremendous: approximately 30% of commercial drugs act via the GPCR pathway. However, about 25% of the GPCRs encoded by the mammalian genome still lack their pharmacological identity. Searching for the orphan GPCR endogenous ligands that are likely to be neuropeptides has proved to be a formidable task. Here we describe the mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies and experimental strategies that have been successful in achieving high-throughput characterization of endogenous peptides in nervous and endocrine systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alsters SIM, Goldstone AP, Buxton JL, Zekavati A, Sosinsky A, Yiorkas AM, Holder S, Klaber RE, Bridges N, van Haelst MM, le Roux CW, Walley AJ, Walters RG, Mueller M, Blakemore AIF. Truncating Homozygous Mutation of Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) in a Morbidly Obese Female with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Intellectual Disability and Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131417. [PMID: 26120850 PMCID: PMC4485893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase E is a peptide processing enzyme, involved in cleaving numerous peptide precursors, including neuropeptides and hormones involved in appetite control and glucose metabolism. Exome sequencing of a morbidly obese female from a consanguineous family revealed homozygosity for a truncating mutation of the CPE gene (c.76_98del; p.E26RfsX68). Analysis detected no CPE expression in whole blood-derived RNA from the proband, consistent with nonsense-mediated decay. The morbid obesity, intellectual disability, abnormal glucose homeostasis and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism seen in this individual recapitulates phenotypes in the previously described fat/fat and Cpe knockout mouse models, evidencing the importance of this peptide/hormone-processing enzyme in regulating body weight, metabolism, and brain and reproductive function in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne I. M. Alsters
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Goldstone
- Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AG); (AB)
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zekavati
- NIHR Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alona Sosinsky
- NIHR Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrianos M. Yiorkas
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Holder
- NW Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Klaber
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Bridges
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke M. van Haelst
- Department of Medical Genetics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Walley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G. Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mueller
- NIHR Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra I. F. Blakemore
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AG); (AB)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sapio MR, Vessaz M, Thomas P, Genton P, Fricker LD, Salzmann A. Novel carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) mutations identified in patients with juvenile myoclonic and generalized epilepsy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123180. [PMID: 25875328 PMCID: PMC4395397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) is a peptidase that removes C-terminal hydrophobic amino acids from peptides and proteins. The CPA6 gene is expressed in the brains of humans and animals, with high levels of expression during development. It is translated with a prodomain (as proCPA6), which is removed before secretion. The active form of CPA6 binds tightly to the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is thought to function in the processing of peptides and proteins. Mutations in the CPA6 gene have been identified in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and febrile seizures. In the present study, we screened for CPA6 mutations in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and identified two novel missense mutations: Arg36His and Asn271Ser. Patients harboring these mutations also presented with generalized epilepsy. Neither of the novel mutations was found in a control population. Asn271 is highly conserved in CPA6 and other related metallocarboxypeptidases. Arg36 is present in the prodomain and is not highly conserved. To assess structural consequences of the amino acid substitutions, both mutants were modeled within the predicted structure of the enzyme. To examine the effects of these mutations on enzyme expression and activity, we expressed the mutated enzymes in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. These analyses revealed that Asn271Ser abolished enzymatic activity, while Arg36His led to a ~50% reduction in CPA6 levels in the ECM. Pulse-chase using radio-labeled amino acids was performed to follow secretion. Newly-synthesized CPA6 appeared in the ECM with peak levels between 2-8 hours. There was no major difference in time course between wild-type and mutant forms, although the amount of radiolabeled CPA6 in the ECM was lower for the mutants. Our experiments demonstrate that these mutations in CPA6 are deleterious and provide further evidence for the involvement of CPA6 mutations in the predisposition for several types of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Monique Vessaz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Genton
- Centre Saint Paul, Hôpital Henri Gastaut, Marseille, France
| | - Lloyd D. Fricker
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LDF); (AS)
| | - Annick Salzmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (LDF); (AS)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Proteolytic Processing of Neuropeptides. ANALYSIS OF POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS AND PROTEOLYSIS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7657_2015_87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
49
|
Insulin regulates carboxypeptidase E by modulating translation initiation scaffolding protein eIF4G1 in pancreatic β cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2319-28. [PMID: 24843127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323066111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperproinsulinemia occur early in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Elevated levels of proinsulin and proinsulin intermediates are markers of β-cell dysfunction and are strongly associated with development of T2D in humans. However, the mechanism(s) underlying β-cell dysfunction leading to hyperproinsulinemia is poorly understood. Here, we show that disruption of insulin receptor (IR) expression in β cells has a direct impact on the expression of the convertase enzyme carboxypeptidase E (CPE) by inhibition of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 translation initiation complex scaffolding protein that is mediated by the key transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, together leading to poor proinsulin processing. Reexpression of IR or restoring CPE expression each independently reverses the phenotype. Our results reveal the identity of key players that establish a previously unknown link between insulin signaling, translation initiation, and proinsulin processing, and provide previously unidentified mechanistic insight into the development of hyperproinsulinemia in insulin-resistant states.
Collapse
|