1
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Wang WL, Jiang HJ, Shen ZL, Tang YL, Jiang J, Liang XH. Identification of ACAA1 and HADHB as potential prognostic biomarkers based on a novel fatty acid oxidation-related gene model in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 163:105982. [PMID: 38678878 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the importance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-related genes in predicting the progression and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS The FAO-related gene prognostic model was established employing Cox regression analyses, during which accuracy and sensitivity of the gene model were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) internal testing and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) external validation cohorts. Ultimately, hub genes were identified among 13 model genes using STRING and Cytoscape, with preliminary validation carried out through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The model, which comprised 13 genes (ABCD2, ACAA1, ACACB, AKT1, CNR1, CPT1C, CROT, ECHDC2, ETFA, HADHB, IRS2, LONP2, and SLC25A17), was established. On the basis of the median risk score, the two cohorts were grouped into low-and high-risk groups in the subsequent test and validation, and the former exhibited significantly higher survival rates than the latter. Nomograms were established based on prognostic factors, including stage and risk score, and individualized for the prediction of HNSCC patients. Ultimately, immunohistochemical staining showed that ACAA1 and HADHB were significantly under-expressed in HNSCC, with a favorable prognosis associated with low HADHB and high ACAA1. CONCLUSIONS The gene prognostic model has illustrated promising capability in predicting the prognosis, and ACAA1 and HADHB might serve as potential therapeutic biomarkers for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ze-Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Saxena A, Andrews J, Bryce AH, Riaz IB. Optimal systemic therapy in men with low-volume prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:183-197. [PMID: 38445371 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low-volume prostate cancer is an established prognostic category of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. However, the term is often loosely used to reflect the low burden of disease across different prostate cancer states. This review explores the definitions of low-volume prostate cancer, biology, and current evidence for treatment. We also explore future directions, including the impact of advanced imaging modalities, particularly prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scans, on refining patient subgroups and treatment strategies for patients with low-volume prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Recent investigations have attempted to redefine low-volume disease, incorporating factors beyond metastatic burden. Advanced imaging, especially PSMA PET, offers enhanced accuracy in detecting metastases, potentially challenging the conventional definition of low volume. The prognosis and treatment of low-volume prostate cancer may vary by the timing of metastatic presentation. Biomarker-directed consolidative therapy, metastases-directed therapy, and de-escalation of systemic therapies will be increasingly important, especially in patients with metachronous low-volume disease. SUMMARY In the absence of validated biomarkers, the management of low-volume prostate cancer as defined by CHAARTED criteria may be guided by the timing of metastatic presentation. For metachronous low-volume disease, we recommend novel hormonal therapy (NHT) doublets with or without consolidative metastasis-directed therapy (MDT), and for synchronous low-volume disease, NHT doublets with or without consolidative MDT and prostate-directed radiation. Docetaxel triplets may be a reasonable alternative in some patients with synchronous presentation. There is no clear role of docetaxel doublets in patients with low-volume disease. In the future, a small subset of low-volume diseases with oligometastases selected by genomics and advanced imaging like PSMA PET may achieve long-term remission with MDT with no systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Haruo Bryce
- Department of Oncology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Goodyear, Arizona, USA
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3
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Gao D, Zhou Q, Hou D, Zhang X, Ge Y, Zhu Q, Yin J, Qi X, Liu Y, Lou M, Zhou L, Bi Y. A novel peroxisome-related gene signature predicts clinical prognosis and is associated with immune microenvironment in low-grade glioma. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16874. [PMID: 38406287 PMCID: PMC10885797 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-grade glioma (LGG), a common primary tumor, mainly originates from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that peroxisomes function in the regulation of tumorigenesis and development of cancer. However, the prognostic value of peroxisome-related genes (PRGs) in LGG has not been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a prognostic risk model for LGG patients based on the expression profiles of peroxisome-related genes. Our study mainly concentrated on developing a peroxisome-related gene signature for overall survival (OS) prediction in LGG patients. First, according to these peroxisome-related genes, all LGG patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database could be divided into two subtypes. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to find prognostic peroxisome-related genes in TCGA_LGG dataset, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was employed to establish a 14-gene signature. The risk score based on the signature was positively associated with unfavorable prognosis. Then, multivariate Cox regression incorporating additional clinical characteristics showed that the 14-gene signature was an independent predictor of LGG. Time-dependent ROC curves revealed good performance of this prognostic signature in LGG patients. The performance about predicting OS of LGG was validated using the GSE107850 dataset derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furethermore, we constructed a nomogram model based on the gene signature and age, which showed a better prognostic power. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and phagosome were enriched and that the immune status was decreased in the high-risk group. Finally, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) were used to detect cell proliferation of U251 and A172 cells. Inhibition of ATAD1 (ATPase family AAA domain-containing 1) and ACBD5 (Acyl-CoA binding-domain-containing-5) expression led to significant inhibition of U251 and A172 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry detection showed that ATAD1 and ACBD5 could induce apoptosis of U251 and A172 cells. Therefore, through bioinformatics methods and cell experiments, our study developed a new peroxisome-related gene signature that migh t help improve personalized OS prediction in LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- Oncology and Hematology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangyi Zhou
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianqi Hou
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Oncology and Hematology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqian Qi
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohua Liu
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunke Bi
- Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
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4
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Wu L, Ye C, Yao Q, Li Q, Zhang C, Li Y. The role of serum acylcarnitine profiling for the detection of multiple solid tumors in humans. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23867. [PMID: 38205321 PMCID: PMC10776988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an essential hallmark of cancer. Several studies have reported the dysregulation of acylcarnitine (ACar) metabolism in tumor cells, suggesting that changes in the blood ACar may be related to tumor growth. Accordingly, this study aimed to understand the alteration of serum ACar profiles in various solid tumors and explore the potential of differential serum ACars as diagnostic biomarkers. A series of 69 relatively abundant ACars were identified via untargeted analysis. Then, targeted metabolomics was used to describe the metabolic alterations in ACars between normal controls and patients with six types of solid tumors. The results suggested that changes in ACars correlated with their carbon chain length and saturation. The six tumor types had highly similar ACar metabolic profiles, indicating similar fatty acid oxidation (FAO) metabolic pathways. Moreover, the receiver operating curve analysis of differential ACars showed that 16 ACars (C8-C14) had high diagnostic capability towards the studied solid tumors. Specifically, the area under the curve of ACar 10:2 isomer2 and ACar 12:2 isomer2 was greater than 0.95. In conclusion, the marked decrease in the levels of medium- and long-chain ACars (C8-C18) in the six solid tumors suggests that they may have similar FAO-based metabolic pathways, which could afford a common target for cancer therapy. Additionally, 16 ACars (C8-C14) were identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosing six types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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5
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Butler LM, Evergren E. Ultrastructural analysis of prostate cancer tissue provides insights into androgen-dependent adaptations to membrane contact site establishment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217741. [PMID: 37529692 PMCID: PMC10389664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking and organelle contact sites are important for regulating cell metabolism and survival; processes often deregulated in cancer. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the developed world. While early-stage disease is curable by surgery or radiotherapy there is an unmet need to identify prognostic biomarkers, markers to treatment response and new therapeutic targets in intermediate-late stage disease. This study explored the morphology of organelles and membrane contact sites in tumor tissue from normal, low and intermediate histological grade groups. The morphology of organelles in secretory prostate epithelial cells; including Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes; was similar in prostate tissue samples across a range of Gleason scores. Mitochondrial morphology was not dramatically altered, but the number of membrane contacts with the ER notably increased with disease progression. A three-fold increase of tight mitochondria-ER membrane contact sites was observed in the intermediate Gleason score group compared to normal tissue. To investigate whether these changes were concurrent with an increased androgen signaling in the tissue, we investigated whether an anti-androgen used in the clinic to treat advanced prostate cancer (enzalutamide) could reverse the phenotype. Patient-derived explant tissues with an intermediate Gleason score were cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of enzalutamide and the number of ER-mitochondria contacts were quantified for each matched pair of tissues. Enzalutamide treated tissue showed a significant reduction in the number and length of mitochondria-ER contact sites, suggesting a novel androgen-dependent regulation of these membrane contact sites. This study provides evidence for the first time that prostate epithelial cells undergo adaptations in membrane contact sites between mitochondria and the ER during prostate cancer progression. These adaptations are androgen-dependent and provide evidence for a novel hormone-regulated mechanism that support establishment and extension of MAMs. Future studies will determine whether these changes are required to maintain pro-proliferative signaling and metabolic changes that support prostate cancer cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma Evergren
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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6
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Kuna RS, Kumar A, Wessendorf-Rodriguez KA, Galvez H, Green CR, McGregor GH, Cordes T, Shaw RJ, Svensson RU, Metallo CM. Inter-organelle cross-talk supports acetyl-coenzyme A homeostasis and lipogenesis under metabolic stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0138. [PMID: 37134162 PMCID: PMC10156121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells rely on acetyl-CoA to support membrane biogenesis and acetylation. Several organelle-specific pathways are available for provision of acetyl-CoA as nutrient availability fluctuates, so understanding how cells maintain acetyl-CoA homeostasis under such stresses is critically important. To this end, we applied 13C isotope tracing cell lines deficient in these mitochondrial [ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)]-, cytosolic [acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS2)]-, and peroxisomal [peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5)]-dependent pathways. ACLY knockout in multiple cell lines reduced fatty acid synthesis and increased reliance on extracellular lipids or acetate. Knockout of both ACLY and ACSS2 (DKO) severely stunted but did not entirely block proliferation, suggesting that alternate pathways can support acetyl-CoA homeostasis. Metabolic tracing and PEX5 knockout studies link peroxisomal oxidation of exogenous lipids as a major source of acetyl-CoA for lipogenesis and histone acetylation in cells lacking ACLY, highlighting a role for inter-organelle cross-talk in supporting cell survival in response to nutrient fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya S. Kuna
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avi Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karl A. Wessendorf-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hector Galvez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Courtney R. Green
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Grace H. McGregor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Christian M. Metallo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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7
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Lymphatic Dissemination in Prostate Cancer: Features of the Transcriptomic Profile and Prognostic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032418. [PMID: 36768739 PMCID: PMC9916851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for prostate cancer (PCa); however, it does not always completely cure PCa, and patients often experience a recurrence of the disease. In addition, the clinical and pathological parameters used to assess the prognosis and choose further tactics for treating a patient are insufficiently informative and need to be supplemented with new markers. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq of PCa tissue samples, aimed at identifying potential prognostic markers at the level of gene expression and miRNAs associated with one of the key signs of cancer aggressiveness-lymphatic dissemination. The relative expression of candidate markers was validated by quantitative PCR, including an independent sample of patients based on archival material. Statistically significant results, derived from an independent set of samples, were confirmed for miR-148a-3p and miR-615-3p, as well as for the CST2, OCLN, and PCAT4 genes. Considering the obtained validation data, we also analyzed the predictive value of models based on various combinations of identified markers using algorithms based on machine learning. The highest predictive potential was shown for the "CST2 + OCLN + pT" model (AUC = 0.863) based on the CatBoost Classifier algorithm.
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8
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Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
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9
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Choi SYC, Ribeiro CF, Wang Y, Loda M, Plymate SR, Uo T. Druggable Metabolic Vulnerabilities Are Exposed and Masked during Progression to Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1590. [PMID: 36358940 PMCID: PMC9687810 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for exploring new actionable targets other than androgen receptor to improve outcome from lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer. Tumor metabolism has reemerged as a hallmark of cancer that drives and supports oncogenesis. In this regard, it is important to understand the relationship between distinctive metabolic features, androgen receptor signaling, genetic drivers in prostate cancer, and the tumor microenvironment (symbiotic and competitive metabolic interactions) to identify metabolic vulnerabilities. We explore the links between metabolism and gene regulation, and thus the unique metabolic signatures that define the malignant phenotypes at given stages of prostate tumor progression. We also provide an overview of current metabolism-based pharmacological strategies to be developed or repurposed for metabolism-based therapeutics for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y. C. Choi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Caroline Fidalgo Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Takuma Uo
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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10
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Association of androgen receptor expression with glucose metabolic features in triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275279. [PMID: 36178912 PMCID: PMC9524647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Androgen receptor (AR) is a potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We aimed to elucidate the association of AR expression with glucose metabolic features in TNBC.
Methods
Two independent datasets were analyzed: FDG PET data of our institution and a public dataset of GSE135565. In PET analysis, patients with TNBC who underwent pretreatment PET between Jan 2013 and Dec 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinicopathologic features and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of tumors were compared with AR expression. In GSE135565 dataset, glycolysis score was calculated by the pattern of glycolysis-related genes, and of which association with SUVmax and AR gene expression were analyzed.
Results
A total of 608 female patients were included in the PET data of our institution. SUVmax was lower in AR-positive tumors (P < 0.001) and correlated with lower AR expression (rho = –0.26, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, AR was a deterministic factor for low SUVmax (P = 0.012), along with other key clinicopathologic features. In the GSE135565 dataset, AR expression also exhibited a negative correlation with SUVmax (r = –0.34, P = 0.001) and the glycolysis score (r = –0.27, P = 0.013).
Conclusions
Low glucose metabolism is a signature of AR expression in TNBC. It is suggested that evaluation of AR expression status needs to be considered in clinical practice particularly in TNBC with low glucose metabolism.
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11
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Buttari B, Arese M, Oberley-Deegan RE, Saso L, Chatterjee A. NRF2: A crucial regulator for mitochondrial metabolic shift and prostate cancer progression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989793. [PMID: 36213236 PMCID: PMC9540504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a common survival mechanism for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oxidative stress in the cellular and tumor microenvironment dictates metabolic switching in the cancer cells to adopt, prosper and escape therapeutic stress. Therefore, regulation of oxidative stress in tumor cells and in the tumor-microenvironment may enhance the action of conventional anticancer therapies. NRF2 is the master regulator for oxidative stress management. However, the overall oxidative stress varies with PCa clinical stage, metabolic state and therapy used for the cancer. In agreement, the blanket use of NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with anticancer therapies cause adverse effects in some preclinical cancer models. In this review, we have summarized the levels of oxidative stress, metabolic preferences and NRF2 activity in the different stages of prostate cancer. We also propose condition specific ways to use NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with conventional prostate cancer therapies. The significance of this review is not only to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of NRF2 to regulate oxidative stress-mediated metabolic switching by prostate cancer cells to escape the radiation, chemo, or hormonal therapies, and to grow aggressively, but also to provide a potential therapeutic method to control aggressive prostate cancer growth by stage specific proper use of NRF2 regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Arpita Chatterjee,
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12
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Sui JSY, Martin P, Keogh A, Murchan P, Ryan L, Nicholson S, Cuffe S, Broin PÓ, Finn SP, Fitzmaurice GJ, Ryan R, Young V, Gray SG. Altered expression of ACOX2 in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:321. [PMID: 35999530 PMCID: PMC9396774 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles that play essential roles in many metabolic processes, but also play roles in innate immunity, signal transduction, aging and cancer. One of the main functions of peroxisomes is the processing of very-long chain fatty acids into metabolites that can be directed to the mitochondria. One key family of enzymes in this process are the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases (ACOX1, ACOX2 and ACOX3), the expression of which has been shown to be dysregulated in some cancers. Very little is however known about the expression of this family of oxidases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ACOX2 has however been suggested to be elevated at the mRNA level in over 10% of NSCLC, and in the present study using both standard and bioinformatics approaches we show that expression of ACOX2 is significantly altered in NSCLC. ACOX2 mRNA expression is linked to a number of mutated genes, and associations between ACOX2 expression and tumour mutational burden and immune cell infiltration were explored. Links between ACOX2 expression and candidate therapies for oncogenic driver mutations such as KRAS were also identified. Furthermore, levels of acyl-CoA oxidases and other associated peroxisomal genes were explored to identify further links between the peroxisomal pathway and NSCLC. The results of this biomarker driven study suggest that ACOX2 may have potential clinical utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and stratification of patients into various therapeutically targetable options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Y Sui
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Petra Martin
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland.,Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Anna Keogh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland
| | - Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard J Fitzmaurice
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Ryan
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Young
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Biological Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Suriya Muthukumaran N, Velusamy P, Akino Mercy CS, Langford D, Natarajaseenivasan K, Shanmughapriya S. MicroRNAs as Regulators of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1329. [PMID: 36013278 PMCID: PMC9410355 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was sufficient for cancer cells to meet their heightened energy and metabolic demands for proliferation and survival. Recent studies, however, show that cancer cells rely on glutamine, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism for energy. Oncogenes and scavenging pathways control many of these metabolic changes, and several metabolic and tumorigenic pathways are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). Genes that are directly or indirectly responsible for energy production in cells are either negatively or positively regulated by miRNAs. Therefore, some miRNAs play an oncogenic role by regulating the metabolic shift that occurs in cancer cells. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate mitochondrial calcium stores and energy metabolism, thus promoting cancer cell survival, cell growth, and metastasis. In the electron transport chain (ETC), miRNAs enhance the activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c, and these apoptosome proteins are directed towards the ETC rather than to the apoptotic pathway. This review will highlight how miRNAs regulate the enzymes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors of cancer cell metabolism and mitochondrial calcium import/export pathways. The review will also focus on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, growth, and metastasis with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dauphin, PA 17033, USA
| | - Charles Solomon Akino Mercy
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dauphin, PA 17033, USA
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14
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Islam MM, Goertzen A, Singh PK, Saha R. Exploring the metabolic landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells using genome-scale metabolic modeling. iScience 2022; 25:104483. [PMID: 35712079 PMCID: PMC9194136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major research focus because of its poor therapy response and dismal prognosis. PDAC cells adapt their metabolism to the surrounding environment, often relying on diverse nutrient sources. Because traditional experimental techniques appear exhaustive to find a viable therapeutic strategy, a highly curated and omics-informed PDAC genome-scale metabolic model was reconstructed using patient-specific transcriptomics data. From the model-predictions, several new metabolic functions were explored as potential therapeutic targets in addition to the known metabolic hallmarks of PDAC. Significant downregulation in the peroxisomal beta oxidation pathway, flux modulation in the carnitine shuttle system, and upregulation in the reactive oxygen species detoxification pathway reactions were observed. These unique metabolic traits of PDAC were correlated with potential drug combinations targeting genes with poor prognosis in PDAC. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the metabolic vulnerabilities in PDAC and will lead to novel effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mazharul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Andrea Goertzen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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15
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Identification of Genes Related to Squab Muscle Growth and Lipid Metabolism from Transcriptome Profiles of Breast Muscle and Liver in Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091061. [PMID: 35565488 PMCID: PMC9100022 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Domestic pigeon is an important small poultry species raised for high-quality meat production. However, the relevant gene associated with meat growth and lipid metabolism during the period from dehulling to marketing are not known. Therefore, we aim to identify genes related to squab muscle growth and lip metabolism from transcriptome profiles of breast muscle and liver in domestic pigeon. In this study, we totally found that 4465 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the breast muscle and liver libraries, which include 2585 genes that were up-regulated and 2122 genes that were down-regulated. Most genes are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs. We also detected 16 DEGs to verify data from RNA-Seq and qPCR, which were consistent in quantitatively estimating the transcription levels of the tested transcripts by qPCR analysis. The results of this study will lay the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of muscle growth and lipid metabolism in domestic pigeons. Abstract The improvements in muscle growth rate and meat quality are the major breeding aims in pigeon industry. Liver and muscle are recognized as important sites for fatty acid metabolism; understanding the role of specific transcripts in the breast muscle and liver might lead to the elucidation of interrelated biological processes. In this study, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was applied to compare the transcriptomes of breast muscle and liver tissues among pigeons at five developmental periods (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks post-hatching) to identify candidate genes related to muscle growth and lipid metabolism. There were 3142 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the breast muscle libraries; 1794 genes were up-regulated while 1531 genes were down-regulated. A total of 1323 DEGs were acquired from the liver libraries, with 791 up-regulated genes and 591 down-regulated genes. By pathway enrichment analysis, a set of significantly enriched pathways were identified for the DEGs, which are potentially involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism in pigeon breast muscle and liver. Our results are consistent with previous partial reports from domestic animals and poultry and provide some unidentified genes involved in muscle growth and lipid metabolism. The reliability of the sequencing data was verified through qPCR analysis of 16 genes from eight comparison groups (two genes per group). The findings from this study could contribute to future investigations of muscle growth and lipid metabolism mechanisms and establish molecular approaches to improve muscle growth rate and meat quality in domestic pigeon breeding.
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16
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Cha HK, Cheon S, Kim H, Lee KM, Ryu HS, Han D. Discovery of Proteins Responsible for Resistance to Three Chemotherapy Drugs in Breast Cancer Cells Using Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061762. [PMID: 35335125 PMCID: PMC8954867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a daunting obstacle to the effective treatment of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Although the mechanism of chemotherapy drug resistance has been explored broadly, the precise mechanism at the proteome level remains unclear. Especially, comparative studies between widely used anticancer drugs in breast cancer are very limited. In this study, we employed proteomics and bioinformatics approaches on chemoresistant breast cancer cell lines to understand the underlying resistance mechanisms that resulted from doxorubicin (DR), paclitaxel (PR), and tamoxifen (TAR). In total, 10,385 proteins were identified and quantified from three TMT 6-plex and one TMT 10-plex experiments. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Notch signaling, immune response, and protein re-localization processes were uniquely associated with DR, PR, and TAR resistance, respectively. In addition, proteomic signatures related to drug resistance were identified as potential targets of many FDA-approved drugs. Furthermore, we identified potential prognostic proteins with significant effects on overall survival. Representatively, PLXNB2 expression was associated with a highly significant increase in risk, and downregulation of ACOX3 was correlated with a worse overall survival rate. Consequently, our study provides new insights into the proteomic aspects of the distinct mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyeong Cha
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.C.); (H.K.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.C.); (H.K.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Dohyun Han
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.C.); (H.K.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.S.R.); (D.H.)
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17
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Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042170. [PMID: 35216285 PMCID: PMC8874779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have reported that metabolic alterations resulting from deregulated lipid metabolism promote ovarian cancer aggressiveness. Lipid metabolism involves the oxidation of fatty acids, which leads to energy generation or new lipid metabolite synthesis. The upregulation of fatty acid synthesis and related signaling promote tumor cell proliferation and migration, and, consequently, lead to poor prognosis. Fatty acid-mediated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) modulates tumor cell immunity by regulating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, which play essential roles in ovarian cancer cell survival. Here, the types and sources of fatty acids and their interactions with the TME of ovarian cancer have been reviewed. Additionally, this review focuses on the role of fatty acid metabolism in tumor immunity and suggests that fatty acid and related lipid metabolic pathways are potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
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18
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Zhang T, Niu Q, Wang T, Zheng X, Li H, Gao X, Chen Y, Gao H, Zhang L, Liu GE, Li J, Xu L. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Diverse Expression Pattern Underlying Fatty Acid Composition among Different Beef Cuts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010117. [PMID: 35010243 PMCID: PMC8750426 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef is an important dietary source of quality animal proteins and amino acids in human nutrition. The fatty acid composition is one of the indispensable indicators affecting nutritional value of beef. However, a comprehensive understanding of the expression changes underlying fatty acid composition in representative beef cuts is needed in cattle. This study aimed to characterize the dynamics of fatty acid composition using comparative transcriptomic analysis in five different type of beef cuts. We identified 7545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among 10 pair-wise comparisons. Co-expression gene network analysis identified two modules, which were significantly correlated with 2 and 20 fatty acid composition, respectively. We also identified 38 candidate genes, and functional enrichment showed that these genes were involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process and degradation, PPAR, and AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, we observed a cluster of DEGs (e.g., SCD, LPL, FABP3, and PPARD) which were involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Our results provide some valuable insights into understanding the transcriptome regulation of candidate genes on fatty acid composition of beef cuts, and our findings may facilitate the designs of genetic selection program for beneficial fatty acid composition in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Qunhao Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xu Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Haipeng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xue Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - George E. Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Junya Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (Q.N.); (T.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (X.G.); (Y.C.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zhou H, Zhang J, Yan Z, Qu M, Zhang G, Han J, Wang F, Sun K, Wang L, Yang X. DECR1 directly activates HSL to promote lipolysis in cervical cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159090. [PMID: 34896618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids have a high turnover rate in cancer cells to supply energy for tumor growth and proliferation. Lipolysis is particularly important for the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis and in the maintenance of cancer cells. In the current study, we explored how 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR1), a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase associated with mitochondrial and cytoplasmic compartments, promotes cancer cell growth. We report that DECR1 overexpression significantly reduced the triglyceride (TAG) content in HeLa cells; conversely, DECR1 silencing increased intracellular TAG content. Subsequently, our experiments demonstrate that DECR1 promotes lipolysis via effects on hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The direct interaction of DECR1 with HSL increases HSL phosphorylation and activity, facilitating the translocation of HSL to lipid droplets. The ensuing enhancement of lipolysis thus increases the release of free fatty acids. Downstream effects include the promotion of cervical cancer cell migration and growth, associated with the enhanced levels of p62 protein. In summary, high levels of DECR1 serves to enhance lipolysis and the release of fatty acid energy stores to support cervical cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhou
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - ZhongKang Yan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Min Qu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Gaojian Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Han
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Yang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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20
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Lu X, Ma P, Kong L, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang L. Vitamin K2 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation by Binding to 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 4. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757603. [PMID: 34858832 PMCID: PMC8630649 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have proved that 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 (HSD17B4) is a novel proliferation-promoting protein. The overexpression of HSD17B4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation. Vitamin K2 (VK2), a fat-soluble vitamin, has the function of promoting coagulation and can inhibit the progression of liver cancer. A previous study demonstrated that VK2 could bind to HSD17B4 in HepG2 cells. However, the mechanism of VK2 in inhibiting HCC cell proliferation is not clear. In this study, we investigate whether VK2 can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cell induced by HSD17B4 and the possible mechanism. We detected the effect of VK2 on HSD17B4-induced HCC cell proliferation, and the activation of STAT3, AKT, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. We measured the effect of HSD17B4 on the growth of transplanted tumor and the inhibitory effect of VK2. Our results indicated that VK2 directly binds to HSD17B4, but does not affect the expression of HSD17B4, to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting the activation of Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, leading to decreased STAT3 activation. VK2 also inhibited the growth of HSD17B4-induced transplanted tumors. These findings provide a theoretical and experimental basis for possible future prevention and treatment of HCC using VK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Diseases, Tangshan Maternal and Children Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Binhai New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Yi X, Li Y, Hu X, Wang F, Liu T. Changes in phospholipid metabolism in exosomes of hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:2893-2902. [PMID: 33854590 PMCID: PMC8040901 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore the changes in lipids in exosomes of hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells and develop an inexpensive and rapid technique for screening lipid-based biomarkers of prostate cancer. Methods: Exosomes were extracted from LnCap, PC3 and DU-145 cells, and their lipid composition was analyzed quantitatively using high-throughput mass spectrometry. Exosomes released by LnCap prostate cancer cells were also purified using a modified procedure based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. Results: Exosomes extracted from LnCap cells contained higher proportions of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl inositol lipids than whole LnCap cells. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a harmful intermediate product of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in vivo, was not found in LnCap cells but in exosomes. Phospholipids were different in exosomes from LnCap, PC3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. The main lipid pathways involved, i.e., glycerophospholipid metabolism, autophagy, and ferroptosis pathways, were also different in these cells. Exosomes isolated by this modified PEG precipitation technique were similar in purity to those obtained using a commercial kit. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that phosphatidylcholine and its harmful product lysophosphatidylcholine may play important roles in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Phospholipid exosome metabolism was changed in hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. The LPC, lipid pathway of autophagy and ferroptosis may act as therapeutic targets. The possibility of purifying prostate cancer cell exosomes using modified PEG precipitation is suitable for cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Yi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning 530021,China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.,Life science institute of East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - XiaoGang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - FuBing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.,Wuhan infectious diseases and cancer research center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, PR China
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22
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Pan M, Qin C, Han X. Lipid Metabolism and Lipidomics Applications in Cancer Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:1-24. [PMID: 33740240 PMCID: PMC8287890 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the critical components of cellular and plasma membrane, which constitute an impermeable barrier of cellular compartments, and play important roles on numerous cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and signaling. Alterations in lipid metabolism have been implicated in the development and progression of cancers. However, unlike other biomolecules, the diversity in the structures and characteristics of lipid species results in the limited understanding of their metabolic alterations in cancers. Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that studies lipids in a large scale based on analytical chemistry principles and technological tools. Multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (MDMS-SL) uses direct infusion to avoid difficulties from alterations in concentration, chromatographic anomalies, and ion-pairing alterations to improve resolution and achieve rapid and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this chapter, lipids and lipid metabolism relevant to cancer research are introduced, followed by a brief description of MDMS-SL and other shotgun lipidomics techniques and some applications for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chao Qin
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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23
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Manzi M, Palazzo M, Knott ME, Beauseroy P, Yankilevich P, Giménez MI, Monge ME. Coupled Mass-Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics Machine Learning Approach for Early Detection of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:841-857. [PMID: 33207877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A discovery-based lipid profiling study of serum samples from a cohort that included patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) stages I, II, III, and IV (n = 112) and controls (n = 52) was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and machine learning techniques. Multivariate models based on support vector machines and the LASSO variable selection method yielded two discriminant lipid panels for ccRCC detection and early diagnosis. A 16-lipid panel allowed discriminating ccRCC patients from controls with 95.7% accuracy in a training set under cross-validation and 77.1% accuracy in an independent test set. A second model trained to discriminate early (I and II) from late (III and IV) stage ccRCC yielded a panel of 26 compounds that classified stage I patients from an independent test set with 82.1% accuracy. Thirteen species, including cholic acid, undecylenic acid, lauric acid, LPC(16:0/0:0), and PC(18:2/18:2), identified with level 1 exhibited significantly lower levels in samples from ccRCC patients compared to controls. Moreover, 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 3-sulfate, cis-5-dodecenoic acid, arachidonic acid, cis-13-docosenoic acid, PI(16:0/18:1), PC(16:0/18:2), and PC(O-16:0/20:4) contributed to discriminate early from late ccRCC stage patients. The results are auspicious for early ccRCC diagnosis after validation of the panels in larger and different cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Manzi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD CABA, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Palazzo
- LM2S, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 12 rue Marie-Curie, CS42060 Troyes, France.,Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET, Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD CABA, Argentina
| | - María Elena Knott
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD CABA, Argentina
| | - Pierre Beauseroy
- LM2S, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 12 rue Marie-Curie, CS42060 Troyes, France
| | - Patricio Yankilevich
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET, Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD CABA, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Giménez
- Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199ABB CABA, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD CABA, Argentina
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24
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Valença I, Ferreira AR, Correia M, Kühl S, van Roermund C, Waterham HR, Máximo V, Islinger M, Ribeiro D. Prostate Cancer Proliferation Is Affected by the Subcellular Localization of MCT2 and Accompanied by Significant Peroxisomal Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113152. [PMID: 33121137 PMCID: PMC7693163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatty acid β-oxidation is a dominant bioenergetic pathway in prostate cancer. It has recently been suggested that the specific targeting of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) to peroxisomes contributed to an increase in β-oxidation rates and maintenance of the redox balance in prostate cancer cells. Here we provide evidence demonstrating that prostate cancer streamlines peroxisome metabolism by upregulating distinct pathways involved in lipid metabolism. Importantly, we show that the localization of MCT2 at peroxisomes is required for prostate cancer cell proliferation. Our results emphasize the importance of peroxisomes for prostate cancer development and highlight different cellular mechanisms that may be further explored as possible targets for prostate cancer therapy. Abstract Reprogramming of lipid metabolism directly contributes to malignant transformation and progression. The increased uptake of circulating lipids, the transfer of fatty acids from stromal adipocytes to cancer cells, the de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the fatty acid oxidation support the central role of lipids in many cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Fatty acid β-oxidation is the dominant bioenergetic pathway in PCa and recent evidence suggests that PCa takes advantage of the peroxisome transport machinery to target monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) to peroxisomes in order to increase β-oxidation rates and maintain the redox balance. Here we show evidence suggesting that PCa streamlines peroxisome metabolism by upregulating distinct pathways involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, we show that MCT2 is required for PCa cell proliferation and, importantly, that its specific localization at the peroxisomal membranes is essential for this role. Our results highlight the importance of peroxisomes in PCa development and uncover different cellular mechanisms that may be further explored as possible targets for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Valença
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Ana Rita Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Kühl
- Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Carlo van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.R.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Hans R. Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.R.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Markus Islinger
- Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.V.); (A.R.F.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Adipocyte lipolysis: from molecular mechanisms of regulation to disease and therapeutics. Biochem J 2020; 477:985-1008. [PMID: 32168372 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are stored safely in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplet (LD) organelles by professional storage cells called adipocytes. These lipids are mobilized during adipocyte lipolysis, the fundamental process of hydrolyzing TAG to FAs for internal or systemic energy use. Our understanding of adipocyte lipolysis has greatly increased over the past 50 years from a basic enzymatic process to a dynamic regulatory one, involving the assembly and disassembly of protein complexes on the surface of LDs. These dynamic interactions are regulated by hormonal signals such as catecholamines and insulin which have opposing effects on lipolysis. Upon stimulation, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2)/adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate limiting enzyme for TAG hydrolysis, is activated by the interaction with its co-activator, alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), which is normally bound to perilipin 1 (PLIN1). Recently identified negative regulators of lipolysis include G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and PNPLA3 which interact with PNPLA2 and ABHD5, respectively. This review focuses on the dynamic protein-protein interactions involved in lipolysis and discusses some of the emerging concepts in the control of lipolysis that include allosteric regulation and protein turnover. Furthermore, recent research demonstrates that many of the proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis are multifunctional enzymes and that lipolysis can mediate homeostatic metabolic signals at both the cellular and whole-body level to promote inter-organ communication. Finally, adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, and targeting adipocyte lipolysis is of therapeutic interest.
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26
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De Munck TJI, Soeters PB, Koek GH. The role of ectopic adipose tissue: benefit or deleterious overflow? Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:38-48. [PMID: 32801303 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic adipose tissues (EAT) are present adjacent to many organs and have predominantly been described in overweight and obesity. They have been suggested to be related to fatty acid overflow and to have harmful effects. The objective of this semi-comprehensive review is to explore whether EAT may play a supportive role rather than interfering with its function, when the adjacent organ is challenged metabolically and functionally. EAT are present adhered to different tissues or organs, including lymph nodes, heart, kidney, ovaries and joints. In this review, we only focused on epicardial, perinodal, and peritumoral fat since these locations have been studied in more detail. Evidence was found that EAT volume significantly increased, associated with chronic metabolic challenges of the corresponding tissue. In vitro evidence revealed transfer of fatty acids from peritumoral and perinodal fat to the adjacent tissue. Cytokine expression in these EAT is upregulated when the adjacent tissue is challenged. In these tissues, glycolysis is enhanced, whereas fatty acid oxidation is increased. Together with more direct evidence, this shows that glucose is oxidized to a lesser degree, but used to support anabolic metabolism of the adjacent tissue. In these situations, browning occurs, resulting from upregulation of anabolic metabolism, stimulated by uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 and possibly 3. In conclusion, the evidence found is fragmented but the available data support the view that accumulation and browning of adipocytes adjacent to the investigated organs or tissues may be a normal physiological response promoting healing and (patho)physiological growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon J I De Munck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter B Soeters
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Huang H, Liu R, Huang Y, Feng Y, Fu Y, Chen L, Chen Z, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Acetylation-mediated degradation of HSD17B4 regulates the progression of prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14699-14717. [PMID: 32678070 PMCID: PMC7425433 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenic enzymes are crucial in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 4 (HSD17B4), encoded by HSD17B4, lacks catalytic capacity in androgen metabolism. Now the detailed role and molecular mechanism of PCa development are largely unknown. Here we showed that the expression of HSD17B4 was increased in PCa tissues compared to paired paratumor tissues. HSD17B4 knockdown in PCa cells significantly suppressed its proliferation, migration and invasion, while overexpressing HSD17B4 had opposite effects. Mechanistically, we found that the protein level of HSD17B4 was regulated by its acetylation at lysine 669(K669). Dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) treatment increased HSD17B4 acetylation and then promoted its degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). SIRT3 directly interacted with HSD17B4 to inhibit its acetylation and enhance its stability. In addition, we identified CREBBP as a regulator of the K669 acetylation and degradation of HSD17B4, affecting PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Notably, in PCa tissues and paired paratumor tissues, the level of HSD17B4 was negatively correlated with its K669 acetylation. Taken together, this study identified a novel role of HSD17B4 in PCa progression and suggested that HSD17B4 and its upstream regulators may be potential therapeutic targets for PCa intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Huang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Department of Pathology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Department of Pathology, XuChang Central Hospital, XuChang 461670, China
| | - Yilu Feng
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Urology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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28
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations in peroxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linked to metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-related disorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a disease with metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functional effects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles, such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated than it is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential of inactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more effective cancer treatment.
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29
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Dudka I, Thysell E, Lundquist K, Antti H, Iglesias-Gato D, Flores-Morales A, Bergh A, Wikström P, Gröbner G. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of prostate cancer tissue in relation to tumor aggressiveness and TMPRSS2-ERG fusion status. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:437. [PMID: 32423389 PMCID: PMC7236196 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) can display very heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from indolent asymptomatic to aggressive lethal forms. Understanding how these PC subtypes vary in their striving for energy and anabolic molecules is of fundamental importance for developing more effective therapies and diagnostics. Here, we carried out an extensive analysis of prostate tissue samples to reveal metabolic alterations during PC development and disease progression and furthermore between TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement-positive and -negative PC subclasses. Methods Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of prostate tissue samples was performed by non-destructive high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HR MAS NMR). Subsequently, samples underwent moderate extraction, leaving tissue morphology intact for histopathological characterization. Metabolites in tissue extracts were identified by 1H/31P NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). These metabolomics profiles were analyzed by chemometric tools and the outcome was further validated using proteomic data from a separate sample cohort. Results The obtained metabolite patterns significantly differed between PC and benign tissue and between samples with high and low Gleason score (GS). Five key metabolites (phosphocholine, glutamate, hypoxanthine, arginine and α-glucose) were identified, who were sufficient to differentiate between cancer and benign tissue and between high to low GS. In ERG-positive PC, the analysis revealed several acylcarnitines among the increased metabolites together with decreased levels of proteins involved in β-oxidation; indicating decreased acyl-CoAs oxidation in ERG-positive tumors. The ERG-positive group also showed increased levels of metabolites and proteins involved in purine catabolism; a potential sign of increased DNA damage and oxidative stress. Conclusions Our comprehensive metabolomic analysis strongly indicates that ERG-positive PC and ERG-negative PC should be considered as different subtypes of PC; a fact requiring different, sub-type specific treatment strategies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Dudka
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lundquist
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- IVS, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amilcar Flores-Morales
- IVS, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Gröbner
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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30
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Islinger M, Costello JL, Kors S, Soupene E, Levine TP, Kuypers FA, Schrader M. The diversity of ACBD proteins - From lipid binding to protein modulators and organelle tethers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118675. [PMID: 32044385 PMCID: PMC7057175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the large multigene family of acyl-CoA binding domain containing proteins (ACBDs) share a conserved motif required for binding of Coenzyme A esterified fatty acids of various chain length. These proteins are present in the three kingdoms of life, and despite their predicted roles in cellular lipid metabolism, knowledge about the precise functions of many ACBD proteins remains scarce. Interestingly, several ACBD proteins are now suggested to function at organelle contact sites, and are recognized as host interaction proteins for different pathogens including viruses and bacteria. Here, we present a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the ACBD family and discuss their structure and evolution. We summarize recent findings on the various functions of animal and fungal ACBDs with particular focus on peroxisomes, the role of ACBD proteins at organelle membranes, and their increasing recognition as targets for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joseph L Costello
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Suzan Kors
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Eric Soupene
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | | | - Frans A Kuypers
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK.
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31
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Zhang WF, Li T, Lin SX. Meta-Analysis of steroid-converting enzymes and related receptors in prostate cancer suggesting novel combined therapies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105559. [PMID: 31783154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential for prostate cancer (PC) progression and treatment. Experiments have demonstrated that the intratumoral androgen levels are not affected by circulating androgen levels, but rather modulated by local steroid-converting enzyme activities. The expression modulation status of human steroid-converting enzymes and nuclear receptors are of great promise to identify novel therapeutic targets. Meta-analysis was performed with 9 cohorts (1093 specimens) from Gene Expression Omnibus, 16 cohorts (933 specimens) from Oncomine and the TCGA cohort (550 specimens). We found significant up regulation of 5α-reductase type 1 and type 3 in both primary and metastatic PC, together with the down regulation of AKR1C2 in primary PC, contributing to the high intratumoral DHT levels. The expression of AR in metastatic PC was up regulated, indicating the importance of AR signaling in the progression of this cancer. The down regulations of HSD11B1 and NR3C1 in primary and metastatic PC may diminish the anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation effects of glucocorticoids signaling. Furthermore, the decrease of progesterone receptor (PGR) expression in primary and metastatic PC was also observed, relieving the suppression effect of PGR on PC proliferation. The clinical evidences of the remarkable expression modulation of steroid-converting enzymes and receptors in PC may indicate novel combined treatment against this highly incident cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fa Zhang
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Tang Li
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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32
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RNAase III-Type Enzyme Dicer Regulates Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidative Metabolism in Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225554. [PMID: 31703292 PMCID: PMC6888515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (C-MSC) play a key role in maintaining normal cardiac function under physiological and pathological conditions. Glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation predominately account for energy production in C-MSC. Dicer, a ribonuclease III endoribonuclease, plays a critical role in the control of microRNA maturation in C-MSC, but its role in regulating C-MSC energy metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, we found that Dicer knockout led to concurrent increase in both cell proliferation and apoptosis in C-MSC compared to Dicer floxed C-MSC. We analyzed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by quantifying cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and glycolysis by quantifying the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), in C-MSC with/without Dicer gene deletion. Dicer gene deletion significantly reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation while increasing glycolysis in C-MSC. Additionally, Dicer gene deletion selectively reduced the expression of β-oxidation genes without affecting the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or electron transport chain (ETC). Finally, Dicer gene deletion reduced the copy number of mitochondrially encoded 1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH): ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 6 (MT-ND6), a mitochondrial-encoded gene, in C-MSC. In conclusion, Dicer gene deletion induced a metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism to aerobic glycolysis in C-MSC, suggesting that Dicer functions as a metabolic switch in C-MSC, which in turn may regulate proliferation and environmental adaptation.
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Roberto D, Selvarajah S, Park PC, Berman D, Venkateswaran V. Functional validation of metabolic genes that distinguish Gleason 3 from Gleason 4 prostate cancer foci. Prostate 2019; 79:1777-1788. [PMID: 31503357 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gleason grade is among the most powerful clinicopathological classification systems used to assess risk of lethal potential in prostate cancer, yet its biologic basis is poorly understood. Notably, pure low-grade cancers, comprised predominantly of Gleason pattern 3 (G3) are typically indolent, with lethal potential emerging with the progression of higher-grade Gleason patterns 4 (G4) or 5. One of the hallmarks of more aggressive cancer phenotypes is the stereotyped set of metabolic characteristics that transformed cells acquire to facilitate unregulated growth. In the present study, we profiled expression signatures of metabolic genes that are differentially expressed between G3 and G4 cancer foci and investigated the functional role of two of the profiled genes, PGRMC1 and HSD17B4, in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Gene expression profiling was conducted using 32 G3 and 32 G4 cancer foci from patients with 3+3 and ≥4+3 tumors, respectively. A 95-gene Nanostring probe set was used to probe genes associated with energy metabolism. Two out of five genes (PGRMC1 and HSD17B4) that significantly distinguish between G3 and G4 were functionally validated in vitro using established prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU145). Expression of PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 was knocked down and subsequent studies were performed to analyze cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies that explored the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway were performed by Western blot. RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified five metabolic genes that were differentially expressed between G3 and G4 stroma (P < .05). Functional validation studies revealed that knockdown of PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increased apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that these effects, after PGRMC1 knockdown, were possibly mediated through alterations in downstream components of the EGFR, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways. CONCLUSION The following study provides evidence supporting the use of metabolic genes PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 as a prognostic biomarker for the distinction between G3 and G4 prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Roberto
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shamini Selvarajah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Park
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasundara Venkateswaran
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Gong H, Cui L, Ma J, Chen C, Ai H, Xiao S, Huang L, Yang B. Landscape of Loci and Candidate Genes for Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs Revealed by Multiple Population Association Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 10:1067. [PMID: 31708975 PMCID: PMC6824322 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association analyses in diverse populations can identify complex trait loci that are specifically present in one population or shared across multiple populations, which help to better understand the genetic architecture of complex traits in a broader genetic context. In this study, we conducted genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis for 38 fatty acid composition traits with 12–19 million imputed genome sequence SNPs in 2446 pigs from six populations, encompassing White Duroc × Erhualian F2, Sutai, Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire (DLY) three-way cross, Laiwu, Erhualian, and Bamaxiang pigs that were originally genotyped with 60 K or 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. The analyses uncovered 285 lead SNPs (P < 5 × 10-8), among which 78 locate more than 1 Mb to the lead chip SNPs were considered as novel, largely augmented the landscape of loci for porcine muscle fatty acid composition. Meta-analysis enhanced the association significance at loci near FADS2, ABCD2, ELOVL5, ELOVL6, ELOVL7, SCD, and THRSP genes, suggesting possible existence of population shared mutations underlying these loci. Further haplotype analysis at SCD loci identified a shared 3.7 kb haplotype in F2, Sutai and DLY pigs showing consistent effects of decreasing C18:0 contents in the three populations. In contrast, at FASN loci, we found an Erhualian specific haplotype explaining the population specific association signals in Erhualian pigs. This study refines our understanding on landscape of loci and candidate genes for fatty acid composition traits of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huanfa Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Leilei Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huashui Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Manzi M, Riquelme G, Zabalegui N, Monge ME. Improving diagnosis of genitourinary cancers: Biomarker discovery strategies through mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112905. [PMID: 31707200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The genitourinary oncology field needs integration of results from basic science, epidemiological studies, clinical and translational research to improve the current methods for diagnosis. MS-based metabolomics can be transformative for disease diagnosis and contribute to global health parity. Metabolite panels are promising to translate metabolomic findings into the clinics, changing the current diagnosis paradigm based on single biomarker analysis. This review article describes capabilities of the MS-based oncometabolomics field for improving kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer detection, early diagnosis, risk stratification, and outcome. Published works are critically discussed based on the study design; type and number of samples analyzed; data quality assessment through quality assurance and quality control practices; data analysis workflows; confidence levels reported for identified metabolites; validation attempts; the overlap of discriminant metabolites for the different genitourinary cancers; and the translation capability of findings into clinical settings. Ongoing challenges are discussed, and future directions are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Manzi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Riquelme
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Zabalegui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang R, Zhang F, Sun Z, Liu P, Zhang X, Ye Y, Cai B, Walsh MJ, Ren X, Hao X, Zhang W, Yu J. LINE-1 Retrotransposition Promotes the Development and Progression of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Disrupting the Tumor-Suppressor Gene FGGY. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4453-4465. [PMID: 31289132 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition is a genomic process that relates to gene disruption and tumor occurrence. However, the expression and function of LINE-1 retrotransposition in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remain unclear. We analyzed the transcriptomes of LUSC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas and observed LINE-1 retrotransposition in 90% of tumor samples. Thirteen LINE-1 retrotranspositions of high occurrence were identified and further validated from an independent Chinese LUSC cohort. Among them, LINE-1-FGGY (L1-FGGY) was identified as the most frequent LINE-1 retrotransposition in the Chinese cohort and significantly correlated with poor clinical outcome. L1-FGGY occurred with smoke-induced hypomethylation of the LINE-1 promoter and contributed to the development of local immune evasion and dysfunctional metabolism. Overexpression of L1-FGGY or knockdown of FGGY promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, facilitated tumorigenesis in vivo, and dysregulated cell energy metabolism and cytokine/chemotaxin transcription. Importantly, specific reverse transcription inhibitors, nevirapine and efavirenz, dramatically countered L1-FGGY abundance, inhibited tumor growth, recovered metabolism dysfunction, and improved the local immune evasion. In conclusion, hypomethylation-induced L1-FGGY expression is a frequent genomic event that promotes the development and progression of LUSC and represents a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in LUSC. SIGNIFICANCE: LINE-1-FGGY is a prognosis predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target to overcome local immune evasion in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteins/genetics
- Smoking/genetics
- Tumor Escape
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Beiqi Cai
- Department of Imaging, Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Biotherapy Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Biotherapy Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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The Role of Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger 1 in Dysregulation of Proton Dynamics and Reprogramming of Cancer Metabolism as a Sequela. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153694. [PMID: 31357694 PMCID: PMC6696090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have an unusual regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics that are driven by poor vascularity perfusion, regional hypoxia, and increased glycolysis. All these forces synergize/orchestrate together to create extracellular acidity and intracellular alkalinity. Precisely, they lead to extracellular pH (pHe) values as low as 6.2 and intracellular pH values as high as 8. This unique pH gradient (∆pHi to ∆pHe) across the cell membrane increases as the tumor progresses, and is markedly displaced from the electrochemical equilibrium of protons. These unusual pH dynamics influence cancer cell biology, including proliferation, metastasis, and metabolic adaptation. Warburg metabolism with increased glycolysis, even in the presence of Oxygen with the subsequent reduction in Krebs’ cycle, is a common feature of most cancers. This metabolic reprogramming confers evolutionary advantages to cancer cells by enhancing their resistance to hypoxia, to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, allowing rapid production of biological building blocks that support cellular proliferation, and shielding against damaging mitochondrial free radicals. In this article, we highlight the interconnected roles of dysregulated pH dynamics in cancer initiation, progression, adaptation, and in determining the programming and re-programming of tumor cell metabolism.
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38
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Lin C, Salzillo TC, Bader DA, Wilkenfeld SR, Awad D, Pulliam TL, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Titus M, McGuire SE, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE. Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:185-237. [PMID: 31900911 PMCID: PMC8096614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers must alter their metabolism to satisfy the increased demand for energy and to produce building blocks that are required to create a rapidly growing tumor. Further, for cancer cells to thrive, they must also adapt to an often changing tumor microenvironment, which can present new metabolic challenges (ex. hypoxia) that are unfavorable for most other cells. As such, altered metabolism is now considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Like many other malignancies, the metabolism of prostate cancer is considerably different compared to matched benign tissue. However, prostate cancers exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that set them apart from many other tumor types. In this chapter, we will describe the known alterations in prostate cancer metabolism that occur during initial tumorigenesis and throughout disease progression. In addition, we will highlight upstream regulators that control these metabolic changes. Finally, we will discuss how this new knowledge is being leveraged to improve patient care through the development of novel biomarkers and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Storbeck KH, Mostaghel EA. Canonical and Noncanonical Androgen Metabolism and Activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:239-277. [PMID: 31900912 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are critical drivers of prostate cancer. In this chapter we first discuss the canonical pathways of androgen metabolism and their alterations in prostate cancer progression, including the classical, backdoor and 5α-dione pathways, the role of pre-receptor DHT metabolism, and recent findings on oncogenic splicing of steroidogenic enzymes. Next, we discuss the activity and metabolism of non-canonical 11-oxygenated androgens that can activate wild-type AR and are less susceptible to glucuronidation and inactivation than the canonical androgens, thereby serving as an under-recognized reservoir of active ligands. We then discuss an emerging literature on the potential non-canonical role of androgen metabolizing enzymes in driving prostate cancer. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of these findings for prostate cancer progression, particularly in context of new agents such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, which target the AR-axis for prostate cancer therapy, including mechanisms of response and resistance and implications of these findings for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center S-182, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
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40
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Fransen M, Lismont C. Redox Signaling from and to Peroxisomes: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:95-112. [PMID: 29433327 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxisomes are organelles that are best known for their role in cellular lipid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that these organelles serve as guardians and modulators of cellular redox balance, and that alterations in their redox metabolism may contribute to aging and the development of chronic diseases such as neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer. Recent Advances: H2O2 is an important signaling messenger that controls many cellular processes by modulating protein activity through cysteine oxidation. Somewhat surprisingly, the potential involvement of peroxisomes in H2O2-mediated signaling processes has been overlooked for a long time. However, recent advances in the development of live-cell approaches to monitor and modulate spatiotemporal fluxes in redox species at the subcellular level have opened up new avenues for research in redox biology and boosted interest in the concept of peroxisomes as redox signaling platforms. CRITICAL ISSUES This review first introduces the reader to what is known about the role of peroxisomes in cellular H2O2 production and clearance, with a focus on mammalian cells. Next, it briefly describes the benefits and drawbacks of current strategies used to investigate the complex interplay between peroxisome metabolism and cellular redox state. Furthermore, it integrates and critically evaluates literature dealing with the interrelationship between peroxisomal redox metabolism, cell signaling, and human disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As the precise molecular mechanisms underlying many of these associations are still poorly understood, a key focus for future research should be the identification of primary targets for peroxisome-derived H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celien Lismont
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are key metabolic organelles, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism, e.g. the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal dysfunction has been linked to severe metabolic disorders in man, but peroxisomes are now also recognized as protective organelles with a wider significance in human health and potential impact on a large number of globally important human diseases such as neurodegeneration, obesity, cancer, and age-related disorders. Therefore, the interest in peroxisomes and their physiological functions has significantly increased in recent years. In this review, we intend to highlight recent discoveries, advancements and trends in peroxisome research, and present an update as well as a continuation of two former review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this astonishing organelle. We summarize novel findings on the biological functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, formation, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle contacts and cooperation. Furthermore, novel peroxisomal proteins and machineries at the peroxisomal membrane are discussed. Finally, we address recent findings on the role of peroxisomes in the brain, in neurological disorders, and in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alfred Voelkl
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Dariush Fahimi
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xu A, Wang B, Fu J, Qin W, Yu T, Yang Z, Lu Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang H. Diet-induced hepatic steatosis activates Ras to promote hepatocarcinogenesis via CPT1α. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:40-52. [PMID: 30401637 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the RAS cascade ubiquitously occurs in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), regardless of rare mutations of RAS. However, the association between the Ras cascade and hepatic steatosis during hepatocarcinogenesis remains under-investigated. Here, the variation in the constitutive activity of Ras signaling and HCC incidence was found in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-HCC mouse model, and Ras activity was induced by hepatic steatosis. Even in hepatocyte-specific expression of KrasG12D (Alb-Cre/KrasG12D, Krashep) mice, mutagenic activation of Ras signaling was still significantly enhanced by NAFLD, with downregulation of negative regulators. Interestingly, hepatic steatosis could be alleviated by persistent activation of Ras, whereas Ras accelerated DNA damage and HCC progression through Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1α). A close correlation between active Ras and CPT1α was also shown in clinical steatosis peri-tumor tissues of HCC samples and experimental models. CPT1α inhibitor etomoxir (ETO) largely ameliorated active Ras-drived HCC. These findings can provide a novel link between steatosis and Ras activity in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Bibo Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhishi Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
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43
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Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:103-121. [PMID: 30012421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is irrevocably linked to aberrant metabolic processes. While once considered a vestigial organelle, we now know that peroxisomes play a central role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids (e.g. plasmalogens), very-long chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. Immune system evasion is a hallmark of cancer, and peroxisomes have an emerging role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. Investigations of individual peroxisome proteins and metabolites support their pro-tumorigenic functions. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how individual functions of proteins and metabolites of the peroxisome orchestrate its potential role as a pro-tumorigenic organelle. This review highlights new advances in our understanding of biogenesis, enzymatic functions, and autophagic degradation of peroxisomes (pexophagy), and provides evidence linking these activities to tumorigenesis. Finally, we propose avenues that may be exploited to target peroxisome-related processes as a mode of combatting cancer.
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44
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Diedrich JD, Herroon MK, Rajagurubandara E, Podgorski I. The Lipid Side of Bone Marrow Adipocytes: How Tumor Cells Adapt and Survive in Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:443-457. [PMID: 29869753 PMCID: PMC6853185 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipocytes have emerged in recent years as key contributors to metastatic progression in bone. In this review, we focus specifically on their role as the suppliers of lipids and discuss pro-survival pathways that are closely linked to lipid metabolism, affected by the adipocyte-tumor cell interactions, and likely impacting the ability of the tumor cell to thrive in bone marrow space and evade therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The combined in silico, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence shows that in adipocyte-rich tissues such as bone marrow, tumor cells rely on exogenous lipids for regulation of cellular energetics and adaptation to harsh metabolic conditions of the metastatic niche. Adipocyte-supplied lipids have a potential to alter the cell's metabolic decisions by regulating glycolysis and respiration, fatty acid oxidation, lipid desaturation, and PPAR signaling. The downstream effects of lipid signaling on mitochondrial homeostasis ultimately control life vs. death decisions, providing a mechanism for gaining survival advantage and reduced sensitivity to treatment. There is a need for future research directed towards identifying the key metabolic and signaling pathways that regulate tumor dependence on exogenous lipids and consequently drive the pro-survival behavior in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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45
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Shao Y, Ye G, Ren S, Piao HL, Zhao X, Lu X, Wang F, Ma W, Li J, Yin P, Xia T, Xu C, Yu JJ, Sun Y, Xu G. Metabolomics and transcriptomics profiles reveal the dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related mechanisms in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:396-407. [PMID: 29441565 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations drive metabolic reprograming to meet increased biosynthetic precursor and energy demands for cancer cell proliferation and survival in unfavorable environments. A systematic study of gene-metabolite regulatory networks and metabolic dysregulation should reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. Herein, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics and RNA-seq analyses in prostate tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues (ANTs) to elucidate the molecular alterations and potential underlying regulatory mechanisms in PCa. Significant accumulation of metabolic intermediates and enrichment of genes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were observed in tumor tissues, indicating TCA cycle hyperactivation in PCa tissues. In addition, the levels of fumarate and malate were highly correlated with the Gleason score, tumor stage and expression of genes encoding related enzymes and were significantly related to the expression of genes involved in branched chain amino acid degradation. Using an integrated omics approach, we further revealed the potential anaplerotic routes from pyruvate, glutamine catabolism and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation contributing to replenishing metabolites for TCA cycle. Integrated omics techniques enable the performance of network-based analyses to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of PCa pathophysiology and may facilitate the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,Scientific Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Scientific Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jane J Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0564, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
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46
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Diedrich JD, Rajagurubandara E, Herroon MK, Mahapatra G, Hüttemann M, Podgorski I. Bone marrow adipocytes promote the Warburg phenotype in metastatic prostate tumors via HIF-1α activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64854-64877. [PMID: 27588494 PMCID: PMC5323121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in tumor progression, yet its involvement in metastatic bone disease is not understood. Bone is as an adipocyte-rich organ, and a major site of metastasis from prostate cancer. Bone marrow adipocytes are metabolically active cells capable of shaping tumor metabolism via lipolysis and lipid transfer. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo models of marrow adiposity, we demonstrate that marrow fat cells promote Warburg phenotype in metastatic prostate cancer cells. We show increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, increased lactate production, and decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells exposed to adipocytes that require paracrine signaling between the two cell types. We also reveal that prostate cancer cells are capable of inducing adipocyte lipolysis as a postulated mechanism of sustenance. We provide evidence that adipocytes drive metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells via oxygen-independent mechanism of HIF-1α activation that can be reversed by HIF-1α downregulation. Importantly, we also demonstrate that the observed metabolic signature in tumor cells exposed to adipocytes mimics the expression patterns seen in patients with metastatic disease. Together, our data provide evidence for a functional relationship between marrow adipocytes and tumor cells in bone that has likely implications for tumor growth and survival within the metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gargi Mahapatra
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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47
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Ko HK, Berk M, Chung YM, Willard B, Bareja R, Rubin M, Sboner A, Sharifi N. Loss of an Androgen-Inactivating and Isoform-Specific HSD17B4 Splice Form Enables Emergence of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 22:809-819. [PMID: 29346776 PMCID: PMC5798464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) requires tumors to engage metabolic mechanisms that allow sustained testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone to stimulate progression. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 4 (17βHSD4), encoded by HSD17B4, is thought to inactivate testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by converting them to their respective inert 17-keto steroids. Counterintuitively, HSD17B4 expression increases in CRPC and predicts poor prognosis. Here, we show that, of five alternative splice forms, only isoform 2 encodes an enzyme capable of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inactivation. In contrast with other transcripts, functional expression of isoform 2 is specifically suppressed in development of CRPC in patients. Genetically silencing isoform 2 shifts the metabolic balance toward 17β-OH androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone), stimulating androgen receptor (AR) and CRPC development. Our studies specifically implicate HSD17B4 isoform 2 loss in lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Ko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Rubin
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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48
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Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, van Roermund CWT, Preece MA, Koster J, Ebberink MS, Waterham HR, Wanders RJA. A novel case of ACOX2 deficiency leads to recognition of a third human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:952-958. [PMID: 29287774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases catalyze the first step of beta-oxidation of a variety of substrates broken down in the peroxisome. These include the CoA-esters of very long-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids and the C27-bile acid intermediates. In rat, three peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases with different substrate specificities are known, whereas in humans it is believed that only two peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases are expressed under normal circumstances. Only three patients with ACOX2 deficiency, including two siblings, have been identified so far, showing accumulation of the C27-bile acid intermediates. Here, we performed biochemical studies in material from a novel ACOX2-deficient patient with increased levels of C27-bile acids in plasma, a complete loss of ACOX2 protein expression on immunoblot, but normal pristanic acid oxidation activity in fibroblasts. Since pristanoyl-CoA is presumed to be handled by ACOX2 specifically, these findings prompted us to re-investigate the expression of the human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases. We report for the first time expression of ACOX3 in normal human tissues at the mRNA and protein level. Substrate specificity studies were done for ACOX1, 2 and 3 which revealed that ACOX1 is responsible for the oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids with different chain lengths, ACOX2 is the only human acyl-CoA oxidase involved in bile acid biosynthesis, and both ACOX2 and ACOX3 are involved in the degradation of the branched-chain fatty acids. Our studies provide new insights both into ACOX2 deficiency and into the role of the different acyl-CoA oxidases in peroxisomal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Anne Preece
- Department of Newborn Screening and Biochemical Genetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Koster
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel S Ebberink
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Al Kadhi O, Traka MH, Melchini A, Troncoso-Rey P, Jurkowski W, Defernez M, Pachori P, Mills RD, Ball RY, Mithen RF. Increased transcriptional and metabolic capacity for lipid metabolism in the peripheral zone of the prostate may underpin its increased susceptibility to cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84902-84916. [PMID: 29156692 PMCID: PMC5689582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human prostate gland comprises three distinct anatomical glandular zones, namely the peripheral, central and transitional zones. Although prostate cancer can arise throughout the prostate, it is more frequent in the peripheral zone. In contrast, hyperplasia occurs most frequently in the transitional zone. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that peripheral and transitional zones have distinct metabolic adaptations that may underlie their different inherent predispositions to cancer and hyperplasia. In order to do this, we undertook RNA sequencing and high-throughput metabolic analyses of non-cancerous tissue from the peripheral and transitional zones of patients undergoing prostatectomy. Integrated analysis of RNAseq and metabolomic data revealed that transcription of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis is higher in the peripheral zone, which was mirrored by an increase in fatty acid metabolites, such as lysolipids. The peripheral zone also exhibited increased fatty acid catabolic activity and contained higher level of neurotransmitters. Such increased capacity for de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which is characteristic of prostate cancer, can potentially provide a permissive growth environment within the peripheral zone for cancer growth and also transmit a metabolic growth advantage to newly emerging clones themselves. This lipo-rich priming may explain the observed susceptibility of the peripheral zone to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Kadhi
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Maria H Traka
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Purnima Pachori
- Platforms and Pipelines Bioinformatics, Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert D Mills
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard Y Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology Service, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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50
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Liu Q, Luo Q, Halim A, Song G. Targeting lipid metabolism of cancer cells: A promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 401:39-45. [PMID: 28527945 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important metabolic hallmarks of cancer cells is deregulation of lipid metabolism. In addition, enhancing de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis, increasing lipid uptake and lipolysis have also been considered as means of FA acquisition in cancer cells. FAs are involved in various aspects of tumourigenesis and tumour progression. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy for human cancer. Recent studies have shown that reprogramming lipid metabolism plays important roles in providing energy, macromolecules for membrane synthesis, and lipid signals during cancer progression. Moreover, accumulation of lipid droplets in cancer cells acts as a pivotal adaptive response to harmful conditions. Here, we provide a brief review of the crucial roles of FA metabolism in cancer development, and place emphasis on FA origin, utilization and storage in cancer cells. Understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells has important implications for exploring a new therapeutic strategy for management and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Alexander Halim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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