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Erdmann K, Distler F, Gräfe S, Kwe J, Erb HHH, Fuessel S, Pahernik S, Thomas C, Borkowetz A. Transcript Markers from Urinary Extracellular Vesicles for Predicting Risk Reclassification of Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2453. [PMID: 39001515 PMCID: PMC11240337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), its derivatives, and magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) lack sufficient specificity and sensitivity for the prediction of risk reclassification of prostate cancer (PCa) patients on active surveillance (AS). We investigated selected transcripts in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) from PCa patients on AS to predict PCa risk reclassification (defined by ISUP 1 with PSA > 10 ng/mL or ISUP 2-5 with any PSA level) in control biopsy. Before the control biopsy, urine samples were prospectively collected from 72 patients, of whom 43% were reclassified during AS. Following RNA isolation from uEV, multiplexed reverse transcription, and pre-amplification, 29 PCa-associated transcripts were quantified by quantitative PCR. The predictive ability of the transcripts to indicate PCa risk reclassification was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses via calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) and was then compared to clinical parameters followed by multivariate regression analysis. ROC curve analyses revealed a predictive potential for AMACR, HPN, MALAT1, PCA3, and PCAT29 (AUC = 0.614-0.655, p < 0.1). PSA, PSA density, PSA velocity, and MRI maxPI-RADS showed AUC values of 0.681-0.747 (p < 0.05), with accuracies for indicating a PCa risk reclassification of 64-68%. A model including AMACR, MALAT1, PCAT29, PSA density, and MRI maxPI-RADS resulted in an AUC of 0.867 (p < 0.001) with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 87%, 83%, and 85%, respectively, thus surpassing the predictive power of the individual markers. These findings highlight the potential of uEV transcripts in combination with clinical parameters as monitoring markers during the AS of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Distler
- Department of Urology, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sebastian Gräfe
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeremy Kwe
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Pahernik
- Department of Urology, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (K.E.); (S.G.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.E.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Banerjee A, Bardhan A, Sarkar P, Datta C, Pal DK, Saha A, Ghosh A. Dysregulation of DNA epigenetic modulators during prostate carcinogenesis in an eastern Indian patient population: Prognostic implications. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154970. [PMID: 38056136 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of epigenetic alteration in prostate cancer pathogenesis was reported. We aimed to analyze dysregulation of DNA methylase (DNA methyl transferase/DNMT) and demethylase (ten eleven translocase/TET) and the associated interplay between them during prostate tumorigenesis. Promoter methylation and RNA/protein expression of selected DNMT and TETs were analysed in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). Genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level was detected and correlated with DNMT and TET proteins. Clinicopathological association of molecular data was done. Our data revealed a very low frequency of promoter methylation for DNMT1 (5-3% and high frequency for TET1 (22-38%), TET2 (68-90 %), and TET3 (43-32 %) in BPH and PCa. The promoter methylation of DNMT1 (p = 0.019) showed a significantly decreasing trend, while that of TET1 (p = 0.0005) and TET2 (p < 0.0001) showed an increasing trend from normal prostate to BPH to PCa, indicating their epigenetic dysregulation during prostate tumorigenesis. RNA/protein overexpression of DNMT1 and reduced expression of TET1 and TET2 in PCa compared to BPH were associated with the promoter methylation status of genes. The 5hmC level was significantly lower in PCa than in BPH and correlated negatively with DNMT1 but positively with TET1 and TET2 proteins, suggesting dysregulation of DNA methylase and de-methylase activities during prostate tumorigenesis. Lastly, tumors having methylated TET1 and TET2 promoters showed advanced clinicopathological features (a higher PSA level/Gleason score) and increased risk of bone metastasis. In conclusion, DNMT1 upregulation and epigenetic silencing of TET1 and TET2 was seen during PCa development. TET1 and TET2 promoter methylation has prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Bardhan
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purandar Sarkar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhanda Datta
- Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Abhik Saha
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Silvestri R, Nicolì V, Gangadharannambiar P, Crea F, Bootman MD. Calcium signalling pathways in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:524-543. [PMID: 36964408 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells proliferate, differentiate and migrate by repurposing physiological signalling mechanisms. In particular, altered calcium signalling is emerging as one of the most widespread adaptations in cancer cells. Remodelling of calcium signalling promotes the development of several malignancies, including prostate cancer. Gene expression data from in vitro, in vivo and bioinformatics studies using patient samples and xenografts have shown considerable changes in the expression of various components of the calcium signalling toolkit during the development of prostate cancer. Moreover, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that altered calcium signalling is a crucial component of the molecular re-programming that drives prostate cancer progression. Evidence points to calcium signalling re-modelling, commonly involving crosstalk between calcium and other cellular signalling pathways, underpinning the onset and temporal progression of this disease. Discrete alterations in calcium signalling have been implicated in hormone-sensitive, castration-resistant and aggressive variant forms of prostate cancer. Hence, modulation of calcium signals and downstream effector molecules is a plausible therapeutic strategy for both early and late stages of prostate cancer. Based on this premise, clinical trials have been undertaken to establish the feasibility of targeting calcium signalling specifically for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Martin D Bootman
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Kim S, Park JY, Lee HW, Bae SU, Kim KE, Byun SJ, Seo I. YWHAZ and TBP are potential reference gene candidates for qPCR analysis of response to radiation therapy in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12902. [PMID: 37558778 PMCID: PMC10412564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression profiles of conventional reference genes (RGs), including ACTB and GAPDH, used in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), vary depending on tissue types and environmental conditions. We searched for suitable RGs for qPCR to determine the response to radiotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, organoids, and patient-derived tissues. Ten CRC cell lines (Caco-2, COLO 205, DLD-1, HCT116, HCT-15, HT-29, RKO, SW1116, SW480, and SW620) and organoids were selected and irradiated with 2, 10 or 21 grays (Gy) based on the previous related studies conducted over the last decade. The expression stability of 14 housekeeping genes (HKGs; ACTB, B2M, G6PD, GAPDH, GUSB, HMBS, HPRT1, IPO8, PGK1, PPIA, TBP, TFRC, UBC, and YWHAZ) after irradiation was evaluated using RefFinder using raw quantification cycle (Cq) values obtained from samples before and after irradiation. The expression stability of HKGs were also evaluated for paired fresh frozen tissues or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples obtained from CRC patients before and after chemoradiotherapy. The expression of YWHAZ and TBP encoding 14-3-3-zeta protein and TATA-binding protein were more stable than the other 12 HKGs in CRC cell lines, organoids, and patient-derived tissues after irradiation. The findings suggest that YWHAZ and TBP are potential RG candidates for normalizing qPCR results in CRC radiotherapy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Uk Bae
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eui Kim
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Byun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Jia Y, Reboulet J, Gillet B, Hughes S, Forcet C, Tribollet V, Hajj Sleiman N, Kundlacz C, Vanacker JM, Bleicher F, Merabet S. A Live Cell Protein Complementation Assay for ORFeome-Wide Probing of Human HOX Interactomes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010200. [PMID: 36611993 PMCID: PMC9818449 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological pathways rely on the formation of intricate protein interaction networks called interactomes. Getting a comprehensive map of interactomes implies the development of tools that allow one to capture transient and low-affinity protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in live conditions. Here we presented an experimental strategy: the Cell-PCA (cell-based protein complementation assay), which was based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) for ORFeome-wide screening of proteins that interact with different bait proteins in the same live cell context, by combining high-throughput sequencing method. The specificity and sensitivity of the Cell-PCA was established by using a wild-type and a single-amino-acid-mutated HOXA9 protein, and the approach was subsequently applied to seven additional human HOX proteins. These proof-of-concept experiments revealed novel molecular properties of HOX interactomes and led to the identification of a novel cofactor of HOXB13 that promoted its proliferative activity in a cancer cell context. Taken together, our work demonstrated that the Cell-PCA was pertinent for revealing and, importantly, comparing the interactomes of different or highly related bait proteins in the same cell context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jia
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan Reboulet
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- LiPiCs, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gillet
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Hughes
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Violaine Tribollet
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Nawal Hajj Sleiman
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cindy Kundlacz
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Bleicher
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: franç (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Samir Merabet
- IGFL, CNRS UMR5242, ENS-Lyon, UCBL-1, INRA USC1370, 32 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: franç (F.B.); (S.M.)
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Ochoa SV, Casas Z, Albarracín SL, Sutachan JJ, Torres YP. Therapeutic potential of TRPM8 channels in cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098448. [PMID: 37033630 PMCID: PMC10073478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial process associated with changes in signaling pathways leading to cell cycle variations and gene expression. The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel is a non-selective cation channel expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, where it is involved in several processes, including thermosensation, differentiation, and migration. Cancer is a multifactorial process associated with changes in signaling pathways leading to variations in cell cycle and gene expression. Interestingly, it has been shown that TRPM8 channels also participate in physiological processes related to cancer, such as proliferation, survival, and invasion. For instance, TRPM8 channels have an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. In addition, it has been reported that TRPM8 channels are involved in the progress of pancreatic, breast, bladder, colon, gastric, and skin cancers, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of TRPM8 channels in cancer progression. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of TRPM8 in carcinogenesis, which has been proposed as a molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V. Ochoa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación, Biofísica y Fisiología de Canales Iónicos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Sara V. Ochoa, ; Yolima P. Torres,
| | - Zulma Casas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia L. Albarracín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Jairo Sutachan
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yolima P. Torres
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Sara V. Ochoa, ; Yolima P. Torres,
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Kudsi SQ, Piccoli BC, Ardisson-Araújo D, Trevisan G. Transcriptional landscape of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4, and TRPM8 channels throughout human tissues. Life Sci 2022; 308:120977. [PMID: 36126722 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This article aims to analyze the baseline distribution of TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPM8 channels in human systems at the transcriptional level. MAIN METHODS Using the RNA-seq dataset from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) gene database, we investigated and compared the transcriptional levels of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4 and TRPM8 found in 95 human subjects representing 33 different tissues to determine the tissue specificity of all protein-coding genes. KEY FINDING In this study, we observed higher transcriptional levels for TRPV1 (duodenum), TRPA1 (Urinary bladder), TRPV4 (Kidney) and TRPM8 (Prostate) compared to the other TRPs. SIGNIFICANCE These channels are involved in developing inflammatory and painful pathologies and seem to participate in cancer development. This information on transcriptional levels of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4 and TRPM8 in human systems may provide essential suggestions for further studies on these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Qader Kudsi
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Candia Piccoli
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ardisson-Araújo
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Grolez GP, Chinigò G, Barras A, Hammadi M, Noyer L, Kondratska K, Bulk E, Oullier T, Marionneau-Lambot S, Le Mée M, Rétif S, Lerondel S, Bongiovanni A, Genova T, Roger S, Boukherroub R, Schwab A, Fiorio Pla A, Gkika D. TRPM8 as an Anti-Tumoral Target in Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis Dissemination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126672. [PMID: 35743115 PMCID: PMC9224463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fight against prostate cancer (PCa), TRPM8 is one of the most promising clinical targets. Indeed, several studies have highlighted that TRPM8 involvement is key in PCa progression because of its impact on cell proliferation, viability, and migration. However, data from the literature are somewhat contradictory regarding the precise role of TRPM8 in prostatic carcinogenesis and are mostly based on in vitro studies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role played by TRPM8 in PCa progression. We used a prostate orthotopic xenograft mouse model to show that TRPM8 overexpression dramatically limited tumor growth and metastasis dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, our in vitro data revealed that TRPM8 inhibited tumor growth by affecting the cell proliferation and clonogenic properties of PCa cells. Moreover, TRPM8 impacted metastatic dissemination mainly by impairing cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesion formation through the inhibition of the Cdc42, Rac1, ERK, and FAK pathways. Lastly, we proved the in vivo efficiency of a new tool based on lipid nanocapsules containing WS12 in limiting the TRPM8-positive cells' dissemination at metastatic sites. Our work strongly supports the protective role of TRPM8 on PCa progression, providing new insights into the potential application of TRPM8 as a therapeutic target in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume P. Grolez
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alexandre Barras
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, 59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (M.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Mehdi Hammadi
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, 59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (M.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Lucile Noyer
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Kateryna Kondratska
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Cancéropôle du Grand Ouest, Plateforme In Vivo, 44000 Nantes, France; (T.O.); (S.M.-L.)
| | | | - Marilyne Le Mée
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Stéphanie Rétif
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Stéphanie Lerondel
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Centre of Excellence (NIS), University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation T2I-EA 4245, Université de Tours, 37044 Tours, France;
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, 59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (M.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (G.P.G.); (G.C.); (L.N.); (K.K.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
- CNRS UAR44, PHENOMIN-TAAM, 45071 Orléans, France; (M.L.M.); (S.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, 59000 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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9
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Bruce JIE, James AD. Targeting the Calcium Signalling Machinery in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092351. [PMID: 32825277 PMCID: PMC7565467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by excessive cell proliferation and a propensity to avoid cell death, while the spread of cancer is facilitated by enhanced cellular migration, invasion, and vascularization. Cytosolic Ca2+ is central to each of these important processes, yet to date, there are no cancer drugs currently being used clinically, and very few undergoing clinical trials, that target the Ca2+ signalling machinery. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the emerging evidence that targeting key components of the Ca2+ signalling machinery represents a novel and relatively untapped therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. E. Bruce
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-161-275-5484
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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10
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Tajada S, Villalobos C. Calcium Permeable Channels in Cancer Hallmarks. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:968. [PMID: 32733237 PMCID: PMC7358640 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, the second cause of death worldwide, is characterized by several common criteria, known as the “cancer hallmarks” such as unrestrained cell proliferation, cell death resistance, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Calcium permeable channels are proteins present in external and internal biological membranes, diffusing Ca2+ ions down their electrochemical gradient. Numerous physiological functions are mediated by calcium channels, ranging from intracellular calcium homeostasis to sensory transduction. Consequently, calcium channels play important roles in human physiology and it is not a surprise the increasing number of evidences connecting calcium channels disorders with tumor cells growth, survival and migration. Multiple studies suggest that calcium signals are augmented in various cancer cell types, contributing to cancer hallmarks. This review focuses in the role of calcium permeable channels signaling in cancer with special attention to the mechanisms behind the remodeling of the calcium signals. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels and Store Operated Channels (SOC) are the main extracellular Ca2+ source in the plasma membrane of non-excitable cells, while inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are the main channels releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alterations in the function and/or expression of these calcium channels, as wells as, the calcium buffering by mitochondria affect intracellular calcium homeostasis and signaling, contributing to the transformation of normal cells into their tumor counterparts. Several compounds reported to counteract several cancer hallmarks also modulate the activity and/or the expression of these channels including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like sulindac and aspirin, and inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, like difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). The possible role of the calcium permeable channels targeted by these compounds in cancer and their action mechanism will be discussed also in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendoa Tajada
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Rezaie R, Falakian Z, Mazloomzadeh S, Ayati M, Morakabati A, Teimouri Dastjerdan MR, Zare M, Moghimi M, Shahani T, Biglari A. While Urine and Plasma Decorin Remain Unchanged in Prostate Cancer, Prostatic Tissue Decorin Has a Prognostic Value. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:229-35. [PMID: 32306717 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Numerous studies confirmed that significant decrease in tissue decorin (DCN) expression is associated to tumor progression and metastasis in certain types of cancer including prostate cancer (PC). However, the potential prognostic value of tissue DCN in PC has not yet been investigated. Methods A total number of 40 PC and 42 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were investigated for the expression levels of DCN in their prostatic tissues using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. Urinary and plasma DCN levels were also measured by ELISA. Results Despite no significant changes in the mean of urine and plasma DCN concentrations between the two study groups, tissue DCN mRNA was found to be 5.5fold lower in cancer than BPH (p = 0.0001). Similarly, the stained DCN levels appeared significantly lower in cancer patients with higher Gleason Scores (8 and 9, n = 6) than those with lower Gleason Scores (6 and 7, n = 26), with a p value of 0.049. Conclusion Here, we report, for the first time, that urine and plasma DCN does not seem to have a diagnostic value in PC, while tissue DCN could potentially be used as a prognostic marker in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Rezaie
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Zeinab Falakian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mazloomzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ayati
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Arman Morakabati
- Molecular Pathology Department of Mehr General Hospital, Tehran 1415755411, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Zare
- Molecular Pathology Department of 17-Shahrivar General Hospital, Mashhad 91746, Iran
| | - Minoosh Moghimi
- Department of Hemathology Onchology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Tina Shahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
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12
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Magers MJ, Cheng L. Practical Molecular Testing in a Clinical Genitourinary Service. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 144:277-289. [PMID: 31373513 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0134-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Molecular testing is increasingly playing a key role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neoplasms of the genitourinary system. OBJECTIVE.— To provide a general overview of the clinically relevant molecular tests available for neoplasms of the genitourinary tract. DATA SOURCES.— Relevant medical literature indexed on PubMed. CONCLUSIONS.— Understanding of the molecular oncology of genitourinary neoplasms is rapidly advancing, and the pathologist must be aware of the practical implications of molecular testing. While many genomic abnormalities are not yet clinically relevant, there is an increasing library of ancillary tests that may guide diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of many neoplasms. Recurrent genomic abnormalities have been identified in many types of renal cell carcinoma, and some types of renal cell carcinoma are specifically defined by the molecular abnormality. Two major routes of developing urothelial carcinoma have been molecularly described. Recurrent translocations involving ETS family genes are found in approximately half of prostate cancer cases. Testicular germ cell tumors typically harbor i(12p). Penile neoplasms are often high-risk human papillomavirus-driven cancers. Nonetheless, even as genitourinary neoplasms are increasingly better understood at the molecular level, further research with eventual clinical validation is needed for optimal diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of aggressive malignancies in the genitourinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Magers
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Magers and Cheng) and Urology (Dr Cheng), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Liang Cheng
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Magers and Cheng) and Urology (Dr Cheng), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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13
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Wang S, Song W, Wei S, Zeng S, Yang S, Lei C, Huang Y, Nie Z, Yao S. Functional Titanium Carbide MXenes-Loaded Entropy-Driven RNA Explorer for Long Noncoding RNA PCA3 Imaging in Live Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8622-8629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wenlu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Sihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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14
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Gerashchenko GV, Grygoruk OV, Rosenberg EE, Bondarenko YM, Kashuba EV, Kashuba VI. Expression of cancer-associated genes in prostate tumors at mRNA and protein levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E. V. Kashuba
- R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine
- Karolinska Institutet
| | - V. I. Kashuba
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine
- Karolinska Institutet
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15
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Saidova AA, Potashnikova DM, Tvorogova AV, Maly IV, Hofmann WA, Vorobjev IA. Specific and reliable detection of Myosin 1C isoform A by RTqPCR in prostate cancer cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5970. [PMID: 30498638 PMCID: PMC6251347 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) diagnostics and treatment often present a challenging task due to cancer subtype heterogeneity and differential disease progression in patient subgroups. Hence, the critical issue is finding a reliable and sensitive diagnostic and prognostic PC marker, especially for cases of biopsies with low percentages of cancer cells. Isoform A of myosin 1C was shown to be expressed in PC cells and responsible for their invasive properties, however, its feasibility for diagnostic purposes remains to be elucidated. Methods To verify the role of myosin 1C isoform A mRNA expression as a putative prostate cancer marker we performed RT qPCR normalized by three reference genes (GAPDH, YWHAZ, HPRT1) on PC3, RWPE-1, LNCaP and 22Rv1 cell lines. Myosin 1C isoform A detection specificity was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, cancer and non-cancer prostate cell lines were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Results Median normalized mRNA expression level of myosin 1C isoform A in PC cells (PC3 and 22Rv1) is two orders of magnitude higher compared to RWPE-1 cells, which functionally correspond to benign prostate cells. Myosin 1C isoform A expression allows PC cell detection even at a dilution ratio of 1:1000 cancer to non-cancer cells. At the protein level, the mean fluorescence intensity of myosin 1C isoform A staining in PC3 nuclei was only twice as high as in RWPE-1, while the immunophenotypes of both cell lines were similar (CD44+/CD90-/CD133-/CD57-/CD24+-). Conclusions We report a distinct difference in myosin 1C isoform A mRNA levels in malignant (PC3) and benign (RWPE-1) prostate cell lines and suggest a combination of three reference genes for accurate data normalization. For the first time we provide an immunophenotype comparison of RWPE-1 and PC3 cells and demonstrate that RT qPCR analysis of MYO 1C A using appropriate reference genes is sufficient for PC detection even in low-abundance cancer specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena A Saidova
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Potashnikova
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Tvorogova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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16
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Heinrich MC, Göbel C, Kluth M, Bernreuther C, Sauer C, Schroeder C, Möller-Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Lebok P, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Huland H, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Schlomm T, Heumann A. PSCA expression is associated with favorable tumor features and reduced PSA recurrence in operated prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:612. [PMID: 29855276 PMCID: PMC5984312 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) is frequently expressed in prostate cancer but its exact function is unclear. Methods To clarify contradictory findings on the prognostic role of PSCA expression, a tissue microarray containing 13,665 prostate cancers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results PSCA staining was absent in normal epithelial and stromal cells of the prostate. Membranous and cytoplasmic PSCA staining was seen in 53.7% of 9642 interpretable tumors. Staining was weak in 22.4%, moderate in 24.5% and strong in 6.8% of tumors. PSCA expression was associated with favorable pathological and clinical tumor features: Early pathological tumor stage (p < 0.0001), low Gleason grade (p < 0.0001), absence of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001), low pre-operative PSA level (p = 0.0118), negative surgical margin (p < 0.0001) and reduced PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). PSCA expression was an independent predictor of prognosis in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The absence of statistical relationship to TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status, chromosomal deletion or high tumor cell proliferation argues against a major role of PSCA for regulation of cell cycle or genomic integrity. PSCA expression is linked to favorable prognosis. PSCA measurement is a candidate for inclusion in multi-parametric prognostic prostate cancer tests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4547-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Heinrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for translational Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Identification of valid reference genes for mRNA and microRNA normalisation in prostate cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1949. [PMID: 29386530 PMCID: PMC5792445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RT-qPCR offers high sensitivity, for accurate interpretations of qPCR results however, normalisation using suitable reference genes is fundamental. Androgens can regulate transcriptional expression including reference gene expression in prostate cancer. In this study, we evaluated ten mRNA and six non-protein coding RNA reference genes in five prostate cell lines under varied dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatments. We validated the effects of DHT-treatments using media containing charcoal-stripped serum prior to DHT stimulation on the test samples by Western blot experiments. Reference gene expression stability was analysed using three programs (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper), and the recommended comprehensive ranking is provided. Our results reveal that ACTB and GAPDH, and miR-16 and miR-1228-3p are the most suitable mRNA and miRNA reference genes across all cell lines, respectively. Considering prostate cancer cell types, ACTB/GAPDH and ACTB/HPRT1 are the most suitable reference gene combinations for mRNA analysis, and miR-16/miR-1228-3p and RNU6-2/RNU43 for miRNA analysis in AR+, and AR− and normal cell lines, respectively. Comparison of relative target gene (PCA3 and miR-141) expression reveals different patterns depending on reference genes used for normalisation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on validation of reference genes under different DHT treatments in prostate cancer cells. This study provides insights for discovery of reliable DHT-regulated genes in prostate cells.
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18
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Prognostic implications of the co-detection of the urokinase plasminogen activator system and osteopontin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy and correlation with gross tumor volume. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:539-551. [PMID: 29340706 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urokinase plasminogen activator system (uPA, uPAR, PAI‑1) is upregulated in cancer and high plasma levels are associated with poor prognosis. Their interaction with hypoxia-related osteopontin (OPN) which is also overexpressed in malignant tumors suggests potential clinical relevance. However, the prognostic role of the uPA system in the radiotherapy (RT) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in combination with OPN, has not been investigated so far. METHODS uPA, uPAR, PAI‑1 and OPN plasma levels of 81 patients with locally advanced or metastasized NSCLC were prospectively analyzed by ELISA before RT and were correlated to clinical patient/tumor data and prognosis after RT. RESULTS uPAR plasma levels were higher in M1; uPA and PAI‑1 levels were higher in M0 NSCLC patients. uPAR correlated with uPA (p < 0.001) which also correlated with PAI‑1 (p < 0.001). The prognostic impact of OPN plasma levels in the RT of NSCLC was previously reported by our group. PAI‑I plasma levels significantly impacted overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Low PAI‑1 levels were associated with a significantly reduced OS and PFS with a nearly 2‑fold increased risk of death (p = 0.029) and tumor progression (p = 0.029). In multivariate analysis, PAI‑1 levels remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS with a 3‑fold increased risk of death (p = 0.001). If PAI‑1 plasma levels were combined with OPN or tumor volume, we found an additive prognostic impact on OS and PFS with a 2.5- to 3‑fold increased risk of death (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PAI-1 but not uPA and uPAR might add prognostic information in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing RT. High pretreatment PAI-1 plasma levels were found predominantly in M0-stage patients and indicate a favorable prognosis as opposed to OPN where high plasma levels are associated with poor survival and metastasis. In combination, PAI-1 and OPN levels successfully predicted outcome and additively correlated with prognosis. These findings support the notion of an antidromic prognostic impact of OPN and PAI-1 plasma levels in the RT of advanced NSCLC.
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Xu W, Foster BA, Richards M, Bondioli KR, Shah G, Green CC. Characterization of prostate cancer cell progression in zebrafish xenograft model. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:252-260. [PMID: 29115578 PMCID: PMC5743385 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is critical for the application of efficient treatment to PCa patients. However, the majority of PCas remains indolent from several months to several years before malignancy. Current diagnosis methods have limitations in their reliability and are inefficient in time cost. Thus, an efficient in vivo PCa cell xenograft model is highly desired for diagnostic studies in PCas. In the present study we present a standardized procedure to create a PCa cell xenograft model using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the host. PC3-CTR cells, a cell line from adenocarcinoma with stable expression of calcitonin receptor (CRT), were subcutaneously injected into zebrafish larvae at 48 h post fertilization. The nursing conditions for the larvae were optimized with stable survival rates of post hatch and post PC3-CTR cell injection. In this system, the progression of PC3-CTR cells in vivo was evaluated by migration and proliferation of the cells. Massive migrations of PC3 cells in vivo were observed at post injection day (PID)3. The injected PC3-CTR cells eventually invaded the whole larval zebrafish at PID5. Quantification of PC3-CTR cell proliferation was done using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis targeting the expression profiles of two PCa housekeeping genes, TATA-binding protein (TBP) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) encoding genes. The excessive proliferation of PC3 cells in vivo was detected with both qPCR assays. Expression levels of one non-coding gene, prostate cancer associated 3 gene (pca3), and two other genes encoding transient receptor potential ion channel Melastatin 8 (trpm8) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (psma), showed a significantly enhanced aggressiveness of PC3-CTR cells in vivo. The model established in the present study provides an improved in vivo model for the diagnosis of PCas efficiently. This PCa cell xenograft model can also serve as a tool for high throughput anti-PCa drug screening in therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Brittany A Foster
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Girish Shah
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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21
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Chen Z, Gerke T, Bird V, Prosperi M. Trends in Gene Expression Profiling for Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-15. [PMID: 31988908 PMCID: PMC6945900 DOI: 10.1159/000472146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to review biotechnology advances in gene expression profiling on prostate cancer (PCa), focusing on experimental platform development and gene discovery, in relation to different study designs and outcomes in order to understand how they can be exploited to improve PCa diagnosis and clinical management. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review on gene expression profiling studies through PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science between 2000 and 2016. Tissue biopsy and clinical gene profiling studies with different outcomes (e.g., recurrence, survival) were included. RESULTS Over 3,000 papers were screened and 137 full-text articles were selected. In terms of technology used, microarray is still the most popular technique, increasing from 50 to 70% between 2010 and 2015, but there has been a rise in the number of studies using RNA sequencing (13% in 2015). Sample sizes have increased, as well as the number of genes that can be screened all at once, but we have also observed more focused targeting in more recent studies. Qualitative analysis on the specific genes found associated with PCa risk or clinical outcomes revealed a large variety of gene candidates, with a few consistent cross-studies. CONCLUSIONS The last 15 years of research in gene expression in PCa have brought a large volume of data and information that has been decoded only in part, but advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology are increasing the amount of data that can be generated. The variety of findings warrants the execution of both validation studies and meta-analyses. Genetic biomarkers have tremendous potential for early diagnosis of PCa and, if coupled with other diagnostics (e.g., imaging), can effectively be used to concretize less-invasive, personalized prediction of PCa risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Victoria Bird
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Identification of stable housekeeping genes in response to ionizing radiation in cancer research. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43763. [PMID: 28262749 PMCID: PMC5338320 DOI: 10.1038/srep43763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping genes (HKGs) are essential for basic maintenance of a variety of cellular processes. They ideally maintain uniform expression independent of experimental conditions. However, the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on HKG expression is unclear. Statistical algorithms, geNorm and Normfinder were used for estimating the stability of HKGs as raw quantification cycle (Cq) values were not a reliable factor for normalization. Head and neck, non-small lung and pancreas cells were exposed to 2, 4 and 6 Gy IR doses and expression of fourteen HKGs was measured at 5 min to 48 h post-irradiation within a given tissue. Paired and single cell line analyses under these experimental conditions identified TATA-Box Binding Protein (TBP) and Importin 8 (IPO8) to be stable in non-small cell lung cancer. In addition to these two genes, Ubiquitin C (UBC) in head and neck cancer and Transferrin receptor (TFRC) and β-Glucuronidase (GUSB) in pancreatic cancer were identified to be stable as well. In summary we present a resource for top ranked five stable HKGs and their transcriptional behavior in commonly used cancer model cell lines and suggest the use of multiple HKGs under radiation treatment conditions is a reliable metric for quantifying gene expression.
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23
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Wang FB, Chen R, Ren SC, Shi XL, Zhu YS, Zhang W, Jing TL, Zhang C, Gao X, Hou JG, Xu CL, Sun YH. Prostate cancer antigen 3 moderately improves diagnostic accuracy in Chinese patients undergoing first prostate biopsy. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:238-243. [PMID: 26780868 PMCID: PMC5312226 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.167715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a biomarker for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) identified in the Caucasian population. We evaluated the effectiveness of urinary PCA3 in predicting the biopsy result in 500 men undergoing initial prostate biopsy. The predictive power of the PCA3 score was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and by decision curve analysis. PCA3 score sufficed to discriminate positive from negative prostate biopsy results but was not correlated with the aggressiveness of PCa. The ROC analysis showed a higher AUC for the PCA3 score than %fPSA (0.750 vs 0.622, P = 0.046) in patients with a PSA of 4.0–10.0 ng ml−1, but the PCA3-based model is not significantly better than the base model. Decision curve analysis indicates the PCA3-based model was superior to the base model with a higher net benefit for almost all threshold probabilities, especially the threshold probabilities of 25%–40% in patients with a PSA of 4.0–10.0 ng ml−1. However, the AUC of the PCA3 score (0.712) is not superior to %fPSA (0.698) or PSAD (0.773) in patients with a PSA >10.0 ng ml−1. Our results confirmed that the RT-PCR-based PCA3 test moderately improved diagnostic accuracy in Chinese patients undergoing first prostate biopsy with a PSA of 4.0–10.0 ng ml−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Cheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tai-Le Jing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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The androgen-induced protein AIbZIP facilitates proliferation of prostate cancer cells through downregulation of p21 expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37310. [PMID: 27853318 PMCID: PMC5112536 DOI: 10.1038/srep37310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen-Induced bZIP (AIbZIP) is structurally a bZIP transmembrane transcription factor belonging to the CREB/ATF family. This molecule is highly expressed in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and is transcriptionally upregulated by androgen treatment. Here, we investigated molecular mechanism of androgen-dependent expression of AIbZIP and its physiological function in prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), which is upregulated by androgen treatment, directly activates transcription of AIbZIP. Knockdown of AIbZIP caused a significant reduction in the proliferation of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells with robust expression of p21. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that AIbZIP interacts with old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS), which is a CREB/ATF family transcription factor, and prevents OASIS from promoting transcription of its target gene p21. These findings showed that AIbZIP induced by the androgen receptor (AR) axis plays a crucial role in the proliferation of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells, and could be a novel target of therapy for prostate cancer.
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25
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Meira-Strejevitch CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Maia MM, Carnietto de Hipólito DD, Wang HTL, Motoie G, de Souza Gomes AH, Kanamura CT, Martines RB, de Mattos CCB, Frederico FB, de Mattos LC, de Mattos CCB, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, Previato M, Barbosa AP, Murata FHA. WITHDRAWN: Selection of reference genes in five types of human tissues for normalization of gene expression studies in infectious diseases. Gene 2016:S0378-1119(16)30816-2. [PMID: 27743995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Marques Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Hui-Tzu Lin Wang
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular em Cardiologia, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriela Motoie
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Previato
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pires Barbosa
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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26
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Erdmann K, Kaulke K, Rieger C, Salomo K, Wirth MP, Fuessel S. MiR-26a and miR-138 block the G1/S transition by targeting the cell cycle regulating network in prostate cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2249-61. [PMID: 27562865 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor-suppressive microRNAs miR-26a and miR-138 are significantly down-regulated in prostate cancer (PCa) and have been identified as direct regulators of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which is a known oncogene in PCa. In the present study, the influence of miR-26a and miR-138 on EZH2 and cellular function including the impact on the cell cycle regulating network was evaluated in PCa cells. METHODS PC-3 and DU-145 PCa cells were transfected with 100 nM of miRNA mimics, siRNA against EZH2 (siR-EZH2) or control constructs for 4 h. Analyses of gene expression and cellular function were conducted 48 h after transfection. RESULTS Both miRNAs influenced the EZH2 expression and activity only marginally, whereas siR-EZH2 led to a notable decrease of the EZH2 expression and activity. Both miRNAs inhibited short- and/or long-term proliferation of PCa cells but showed no effect on viability and apoptosis. In PC-3 cells, miR-26a and miR-138 caused a significant surplus of cells in the G0/G1 phase of 6 and 12 %, respectively, thus blocking the G1/S-phase transition. Treatment with siR-EZH2 was without substantial influence on cellular function and cell cycle. Therefore, alternative target genes involved in cell cycle regulation were identified in silico. MiR-26a significantly diminished the expression of its targets CCNE1, CCNE2 and CDK6, whereas CCND1, CCND3 and CDK6 were suppressed by their regulator miR-138. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest an anti-proliferative role for miR-26a and miR-138 in PCa by blocking the G1/S-phase transition independent of EZH2 but via a concerted inhibition of crucial cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Knut Kaulke
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Rieger
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Salomo
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Cheong A, Zhang X, Cheung YY, Tang WY, Chen J, Ye SH, Medvedovic M, Leung YK, Prins GS, Ho SM. DNA methylome changes by estradiol benzoate and bisphenol A links early-life environmental exposures to prostate cancer risk. Epigenetics 2016; 11:674-689. [PMID: 27415467 PMCID: PMC5048723 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1208891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) and bisphenol A (BPA), increases susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa) in rodent models. Here, we used the methylated-CpG island recovery assay (MIRA)-assisted genomic tiling and CpG island arrays to identify treatment-associated methylome changes in the postnatal day (PND)90 dorsal prostate tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats neonatally (PND1, 3, and 5) treated with 25 µg/pup or 2,500 µg EB/kg body weight (BW) or 0.1 µg BPA/pup or 10 µg BPA/kg BW. We identified 111 EB-associated and 86 BPA-associated genes, with 20 in common, that have significant differentially methylated regions. Pathway analysis revealed cancer as the top common disease pathway. Bisulfite sequencing validated the differential methylation patterns observed by array analysis in 15 identified candidate genes. The methylation status of 7 (Pitx3, Wnt10b, Paqr4, Sox2, Chst14, Tpd52, Creb3l4) of these 15 genes exhibited an inverse correlation with gene expression in tissue samples. Cell-based assays, using 5-aza-cytidine-treated normal (NbE-1) and cancerous (AIT) rat prostate cells, added evidence of DNA methylation-mediated gene expression of 6 genes (exception: Paqr4). Functional connectivity of these genes was linked to embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Furthermore, clustering analyses using the dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that expression of this set of 7 genes was associated with recurrence-free survival of PCa patients. In conclusion, our study reveals that gene-specific promoter methylation changes, resulting from early-life EDC exposure in the rat, may serve as predictive epigenetic biomarkers of PCa recurrence, and raises the possibility that such exposure may impact human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cheong
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Yuk-Yin Cheung
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jing Chen
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Shu-Hua Ye
- c Department of Urology , College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,d Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,d Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Gail S Prins
- c Department of Urology , College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,e University of Illinois Cancer Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,d Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,f Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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28
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TRPM8 Puts the Chill on Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030044. [PMID: 27409624 PMCID: PMC5039497 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in developed countries. Several studies suggest that variations in calcium homeostasis are involved in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin member 8) TRPM8 calcium permeable channel expression is differentially regulated during prostate carcinogenesis, thereby suggesting a potential functional role for this channel in those cell processes, which are important for PCa evolution. Indeed, several studies have shown that TRPM8 plays a key role in processes such as the proliferation, viability and cell migration of PCa cells. Where cell migration is concerned, TRPM8 seems to have a protective anti-invasive effect and could be a particularly promising therapeutic target. The goal of this review is to inventory advances in understanding of the role of TRPM8 in the installation and progression of PCa.
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29
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Villalobos C, Sobradillo D, Hernández-Morales M, Núñez L. Remodeling of Calcium Entry Pathways in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:449-66. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Su YJ, Yu J, Huang YQ, Yang J. Circulating Long Noncoding RNA as a Potential Target for Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13322-38. [PMID: 26110379 PMCID: PMC4490497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is considered the second most common visceral malignancy in men in Western countries. Its emergence is largely due to the coordination of a malignant network, and long noncoding RNA has been recently demonstrated to play a critical role in prostate carcinogenesis. The aberrant expression of long noncoding RNA in prostate cancer patients is strongly associated with diagnosis, risk stratification and carcinogenesis, information that provides new insight into the complicated intracellular milieu of prostate cancer. This review focuses mainly on literature evidence for the role of long noncoding RNA in prostate cancer, which may suggest novel strategies for its prognosis, diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jie Su
- Trainee Brigade, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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31
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Lee B, Mazar J, Aftab MN, Qi F, Shelley J, Li JL, Govindarajan S, Valerio F, Rivera I, Thurn T, Tran TA, Kameh D, Patel V, Perera RJ. Long noncoding RNAs as putative biomarkers for prostate cancer detection. J Mol Diagn 2015; 16:615-26. [PMID: 25307116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among US males. There is an urgent unmet need to develop sensitive and specific biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer to reduce overtreatment and accompanying morbidity. We identified a group of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs in prostate cancer cell lines and patient samples and further characterized six long noncoding RNAs (AK024556, XLOC_007697, LOC100287482, XLOC_005327, XLOC_008559, and XLOC_009911) in prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples (Gleason score >6.0) and compared them with matched normal (healthy) tissues. Interestingly, these markers were also successfully detected in patient urine samples and were found to be up-regulated when compared with normal (healthy) urine. AK024556 (SPRY4-IT1) was highly up-regulated in human prostate cancer cell line PC3 but not in LNCaP, and siRNA knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 in PC3 cells inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and increased cell apoptosis. Chromogenic in situ hybridization assay was developed to detect long noncoding RNAs in primary prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples, paving the way for clinical diagnostics. We believe that these results will set the stage for more extensive studies to develop novel long noncoding RNA-based diagnostic assays for early prostate cancer detection and will help to distinguish benign prostate cancer from precancerous lesions.
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32
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Proton-associated sucrose transport of mammalian solute carrier family 45: an analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 2015; 464:193-201. [PMID: 25164149 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The members of the solute carrier 45 (SLC45) family have been implicated in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis in the brain (SLC45A1), with skin and hair pigmentation (SLC45A2), and with prostate cancer and myelination (SLC45A3). However, apart from SLC45A1, a proton-associated glucose transporter, the function of these proteins is still largely unknown, although sequence similarities to plant sucrose transporters mark them as a putative sucrose transporter family. Heterologous expression of the three members SLC45A2, SLC45A3 and SLC45A4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that they are indeed sucrose transporters. [(14)C]Sucrose-uptake measurements revealed intermediate transport affinities with Km values of approximately 5 mM. Transport activities were best under slightly acidic conditions and were inhibited by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, demonstrating an H(+)-coupled transport mechanism. Na(+), on the other hand, had no effect on sucrose transport. Competitive inhibition assays indicated a possible transport also of glucose and fructose. Real-time PCR of mouse tissues confirmed mRNA expression of SLC45A2 in eyes and skin and of SLC45A3 primarily in the prostate, but also in other tissues, whereas SLC45A4 showed a predominantly ubiquitous expression. Altogether the results provide new insights into the physiological significance of SLC45 family members and challenge existing concepts of mammalian sugar transport, as they (i) transport a disaccharide, and (ii) perform secondary active transport in a proton-dependent manner.
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33
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Gkika D, Lemonnier L, Shapovalov G, Gordienko D, Poux C, Bernardini M, Bokhobza A, Bidaux G, Degerny C, Verreman K, Guarmit B, Benahmed M, de Launoit Y, Bindels RJM, Fiorio Pla A, Prevarskaya N. TRP channel-associated factors are a novel protein family that regulates TRPM8 trafficking and activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:89-107. [PMID: 25559186 PMCID: PMC4284226 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TCAF1 and TCAF2 bind to TRPM8 and promote its cell surface trafficking but differentially regulate its gating properties, leading to opposing effects on prostate cancer cell migration. TRPM8 is a cold sensor that is highly expressed in the prostate as well as in other non-temperature-sensing organs, and is regulated by downstream receptor–activated signaling pathways. However, little is known about the intracellular proteins necessary for channel function. Here, we identify two previously unknown proteins, which we have named “TRP channel–associated factors” (TCAFs), as new TRPM8 partner proteins, and we demonstrate that they are necessary for channel function. TCAF1 and TCAF2 both bind to the TRPM8 channel and promote its trafficking to the cell surface. However, they exert opposing effects on TRPM8 gating properties. Functional interaction of TCAF1/TRPM8 also leads to a reduction in both the speed and directionality of migration of prostate cancer cells, which is consistent with an observed loss of expression of TCAF1 in metastatic human specimens, whereas TCAF2 promotes migration. The identification of TCAFs introduces a novel mechanism for modulation of TRPM8 channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Gkika
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Loic Lemonnier
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - George Shapovalov
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Dmitri Gordienko
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Céline Poux
- Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8198 and Laboratoire de Génétique & Evolution des Populations Végétales (GEPV), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Michela Bernardini
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Alexandre Bokhobza
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Laboratoire Biophotonique Cellulaire Fonctionnelle, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, USR3078 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc scientifique de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, F-59655 France
| | - Cindy Degerny
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Kathye Verreman
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Basma Guarmit
- Inserm, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Hôpitall'Archet, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Benahmed
- Inserm, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U895, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Hôpitall'Archet, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Yvan de Launoit
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Rene J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Zhou W, Tao Z, Wang Z, Hu W, Shen M, Zhou L, Wen Z, Yu Z, Wu X, Huang K, Hu Y, Lin X. Long noncoding RNA PCA3 gene promoter region is related to the risk of prostate cancer on Chinese males. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:550-3. [PMID: 25445501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long noncoding RNA prostate cancer gene antigen 3 (PCA3) is one of the most prostate cancer-specific genes at present. Consequently, the prostate-specific expression and the sharp up-regulation of PCA3 RNA in prostate cancer suggest a unique transcriptional regulation, which possibly can be attributed to promoter polymorphism. In this study, we investigated a short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphism of TAAA in the promoter region of PCA3 gene found in our previous study in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) patients, aiming to evaluate the association between the STR and increased risk for PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS 120 PCa cases and 120 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) cases were identified among participants. The region encompassing the TAAA repeat was amplified with a specific primer set we designed and screened by PCR-based cloning and sequencing in paired peripheral blood leukocytes and prostate tissues. Genotype-specific risks were estimated as odds ratios (ORs) associated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for age by means of unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS 5 PCA3 TAAA STR polymorphisms and 8 genotypes were found in both peripheral blood leukocytes and prostate tissues, the carriers with more TAAA repeats were associated with increased risk for PCa than individuals having less TAAA repeats. Interestingly, 18 (15.0%) of 120 PCa patients had more (TAAA)n repeats in prostate tissues than that in peripheral blood leukocytes, and 3 (2.5%) of 120 had less (TAAA)n repeats in prostate tissues. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that short tandem repeat polymorphism of TAAA in the promoter region of PCA3 gene is a risk-increasing factor for prostate cancer in the Chinese population. In addition to the hereditary factor, the insertion mutation of (TAAA)n in a local tissue maybe another mechanism of the onset of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wangqiang Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Mo Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianlian Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Wen
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhixian Yu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiuling Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kate Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuanping Hu
- Department of B-Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
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Sharma NL, Massie CE, Butter F, Mann M, Bon H, Ramos-Montoya A, Menon S, Stark R, Lamb AD, Scott HE, Warren AY, Neal DE, Mills IG. The ETS family member GABPα modulates androgen receptor signalling and mediates an aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:6256-69. [PMID: 24753418 PMCID: PMC4041454 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PC), the androgen receptor (AR) is a key transcription factor at all disease stages, including the advanced stage of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In the present study, we show that GABPα, an ETS factor that is up-regulated in PC, is an AR-interacting transcription factor. Expression of GABPα enables PC cell lines to acquire some of the molecular and cellular characteristics of CRPC tissues as well as more aggressive growth phenotypes. GABPα has a transcriptional role that dissects the overlapping cistromes of the two most common ETS gene fusions in PC: overlapping significantly with ETV1 but not with ERG target genes. GABPα bound predominantly to gene promoters, regulated the expression of one-third of AR target genes and modulated sensitivity to AR antagonists in hormone responsive and castrate resistant PC models. This study supports a critical role for GABPα in CRPC and reveals potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Sharma
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Falk Butter
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Helene Bon
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Antonio Ramos-Montoya
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Suraj Menon
- Department of Bioinformatics, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rory Stark
- Department of Bioinformatics, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Helen E Scott
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Uro-oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo N-0349, Norway Department of Cancer Prevention and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0349, Norway
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Evaluation of tissue PCA3 expression in prostate cancer by RNA in situ hybridization--a correlative study with urine PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:609-20. [PMID: 24072184 PMCID: PMC3968238 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PCA3 is a prostate-specific non-coding RNA, with utility as a urine-based early detection biomarker. Here, we report the evaluation of tissue PCA3 expression by RNA in situ hybridization in a cohort of 41 mapped prostatectomy specimens. We compared tissue PCA3 expression with tissue level ERG expression and matched pre-prostatectomy urine PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG levels. Across 136 slides containing 138 foci of prostate cancer, PCA3 was expressed in 55% of cancer foci and 71% of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia foci. Overall, the specificity of tissue PCA3 was >90% for prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia combined. Tissue PCA3 cancer expression was not significantly associated with urine PCA3 expression. PCA3 and ERG positivity in cancer foci was positively associated (P<0.01). We report the first comprehensive assessment of PCA3 expression in prostatectomy specimens, and find limited correlation between tissue PCA3 and matched urine in prostate cancer.
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Elevated expression of prostate cancer-associated genes is linked to down-regulation of microRNAs. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:82. [PMID: 24517338 PMCID: PMC3923006 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that the prostate cancer (PCa)-specific up-regulation of certain genes such as AMACR, EZH2, PSGR, PSMA and TRPM8 could be associated with an aberrant expression of non-coding microRNAs (miRNA). Methods In silico analyses were used to search for miRNAs being putative regulators of PCa-associated genes. The expression of nine selected miRNAs (hsa-miR-101, -138, -186, -224, -26a, -26b, -374a, -410, -660) as well as of the aforementioned PCa-associated genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR using 50 malignant (Tu) and matched non-malignant (Tf) tissue samples from prostatectomy specimens as well as 30 samples from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Then, correlations between paired miRNA and target gene expression levels were analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of exogenously administered miR-26a on selected target genes was determined by quantitative PCR and Western Blot in various PCa cell lines. A luciferase reporter assay was used for target validation. Results The expression of all selected miRNAs was decreased in PCa tissue samples compared to either control group (Tu vs Tf: -1.35 to -5.61-fold; Tu vs BPH: -1.17 to -5.49-fold). The down-regulation of most miRNAs inversely correlated with an up-regulation of their putative target genes with Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from -0.107 to -0.551. MiR-186 showed a significantly diminished expression in patients with non-organ confined PCa and initial metastases. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-26a reduced the mRNA and protein expression of its potential target gene AMACR in vitro. Using the luciferase reporter assay AMACR was validated as new target for miR-26a. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that the expression of specific miRNAs is decreased in PCa and inversely correlates with the up-regulation of their putative target genes. Consequently, miRNAs could contribute to oncogenesis and progression of PCa via an altered miRNA-target gene-interaction.
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Ribarska T, Goering W, Droop J, Bastian KM, Ingenwerth M, Schulz WA. Deregulation of an imprinted gene network in prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2014; 9:704-17. [PMID: 24513574 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple epigenetic alterations contribute to prostate cancer progression by deregulating gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially differential DNA methylation at imprinting control regions (termed DMRs), normally ensure the exclusive expression of imprinted genes from one specific parental allele. We therefore wondered to which extent imprinted genes become deregulated in prostate cancer and, if so, whether deregulation is due to altered DNA methylation at DMRs. Therefore, we selected presumptive deregulated imprinted genes from a previously conducted in silico analysis and from the literature and analyzed their expression in prostate cancer tissues by qRT-PCR. We found significantly diminished expression of PLAGL1/ZAC1, MEG3, NDN, CDKN1C, IGF2, and H19, while LIT1 was significantly overexpressed. The PPP1R9A gene, which is imprinted in selected tissues only, was strongly overexpressed, but was expressed biallelically in benign and cancerous prostatic tissues. Expression of many of these genes was strongly correlated, suggesting co-regulation, as in an imprinted gene network (IGN) reported in mice. Deregulation of the network genes also correlated with EZH2 and HOXC6 overexpression. Pyrosequencing analysis of all relevant DMRs revealed generally stable DNA methylation between benign and cancerous prostatic tissues, but frequent hypo- and hyper-methylation was observed at the H19 DMR in both benign and cancerous tissues. Re-expression of the ZAC1 transcription factor induced H19, CDKN1C and IGF2, supporting its function as a nodal regulator of the IGN. Our results indicate that a group of imprinted genes are coordinately deregulated in prostate cancers, independently of DNA methylation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Ribarska
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Goering
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Droop
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marc Ingenwerth
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Anatomy II; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Human saliva is an attractive body fluid for disease diagnosis and prognosis because saliva testing is simple, safe, low-cost and noninvasive. Comprehensive analysis and identification of the proteomic content in human whole and ductal saliva will not only contribute to the understanding of oral health and disease pathogenesis, but also form a foundation for the discovery of saliva protein biomarkers for human disease detection. In this article, we have summarized the proteomic technologies for comprehensive identification of proteins in human whole and ductal saliva. We have also discussed potential quantitative proteomic approaches to the discovery of saliva protein biomarkers for human oral and systemic diseases. With the fast development of mass spectrometry and proteomic technologies, we are enthusiastic that saliva protein biomarkers will be developed for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of human diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Hu
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, CA 90095, USA.
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Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Fuessel S, Mareninova OA, Asatryan L, Wirth MP, Siegert G. Serum amyloid A, phospholipase A2-IIA and C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers for prostate diseases. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:1063-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rigau M, Olivan M, Garcia M, Sequeiros T, Montes M, Colás E, Llauradó M, Planas J, de Torres I, Morote J, Cooper C, Reventós J, Clark J, Doll A. The present and future of prostate cancer urine biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12620-49. [PMID: 23774836 PMCID: PMC3709804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the non-invasive detection of PCa. Moreover, a great improvement in high-throughput “omic” techniques has presented considerable opportunities for the identification of new biomarkers. Herein, we will review the most significant urine biomarkers described in recent years, as well as some future prospects in that field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Garcia
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Tamara Sequeiros
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Melania Montes
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Eva Colás
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Llauradó
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacques Planas
- Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Inés de Torres
- Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Juan Morote
- Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (J.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Colin Cooper
- Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails: (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails: (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Andreas Doll
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (T.S.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-93-489-4067; Fax: +34-93-274-6708
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Hagelgans A, Menschikowski M, Fuessel S, Nacke B, Arneth BM, Wirth MP, Siegert G. Deregulated expression of urokinase and its inhibitor type 1 in prostate cancer cells: role of epigenetic mechanisms. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:458-65. [PMID: 23541763 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) play a crucial role in cancer progression. In the present study we examined the regulation of PAI-1 and uPA expressions in normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3. The antigen and mRNA levels of PAI-1 were down-regulated in cancer cells, especially in LNCaP and DU-145. In the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, an increase of PAI-1 mRNA levels was observed in PrEC, LNCaP and PC-3, but not in DU-145 cells. Treatment with demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased the level of PAI-1 transcript in DU-145 cells and restored the inducing effect of cytokines on PAI-1 expression. An aberrant methylation of PAI-1 promoter in DU-145 and LNCaP cells was shown by methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis. PAI-1 methylation was also significantly increased in tumor samples (23.2±1.7%) in comparison to adjacent non-tumor tissue (6.0±0.8%). Furthermore, the expression of uPA was increased in high invasive cell lines DU-145 and PC-3 in comparison to PrEC and low invasive LNCaP cells. MS-HRM analysis revealed aberrant methylation of uPA promoter in LNCaP cells, but not in PrEC, DU-145 and PC-3 cells, as well as in normal and prostate cancer tissue samples. In conclusion, the study shows that PAI-1 and uPA expressions were changed in opposite directions in high invasive prostate cancer cell lines resulting in a strong decrease of PAI-1/uPA ratio, which may indicate a shift towards proteolytic activities. Methylation of the PAI-1 gene is suggested as one of the molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer-associated down-regulation of the PAI-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Hagelgans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine of Technical University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
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Robert G, Jannink S, Smit F, Aalders T, Hessels D, Cremers R, Mulders PF, Schalken JA. Rational basis for the combination of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion for prostate cancer diagnosis. Prostate 2013; 73:113-20. [PMID: 22674214 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion are promising prostate cancer (PCa) specific biomarkers. Our aim was to simultaneously quantify the expression levels of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG in a panel of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), normal prostate adjacent to PCa (NP) and PCa tissue samples, to provide a rational basis for the understanding of the false-positive and false-negative results of the urine assays. METHODS The tissue samples were carefully histopathologically characterized to obtain homogeneous groups. The mRNA was isolated, transcribed into cDNA and the relative expressions of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG were measured using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG were compared between the different groups. RESULTS We included 48 BPH, 32 NP, and 48 PCa. The PCA3 expression levels progressively increased from BPH to NP (3 times) and finally to PCa (30 times). There were one false-positive sample and seven false-negative samples. The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion was found in 8.3% of the BPH, 15.6% of the NP, and 50% of the PCa samples. The use of TMPRSS2:ERG in the PCA3 negative cases allowed diagnosis of four of the seven false-negative samples and added one false-positive, but we had to define a cut-off value to avoid eight false-positive results. CONCLUSIONS Considering tissue expression of the markers, most of the false-negative results of the PCA3 test were corrected by TMPRSS2:ERG (57%) and the combination of both had a higher sensitivity for PCa diagnosis. Some of the control samples did express TMPRSS2:ERG and a cut-off value had to be defined to avoid false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Robert
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Monteith GR, Davis FM, Roberts-Thomson SJ. Calcium channels and pumps in cancer: changes and consequences. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31666-73. [PMID: 22822055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.343061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in intracellular free Ca(2+) play a major role in many cellular processes. The deregulation of Ca(2+) signaling is a feature of a variety of diseases, and modulators of Ca(2+) signaling are used to treat conditions as diverse as hypertension to pain. The Ca(2+) signal also plays a role in processes important in cancer, such as proliferation and migration. Many studies in cancer have identified alterations in the expression of proteins involved in the movement of Ca(2+) across the plasma membrane and subcellular organelles. In some cases, these Ca(2+) channels or pumps are potential therapeutic targets for specific cancer subtypes or correlate with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4075, Australia.
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Sharungbam GD, Schwager C, Chiblak S, Brons S, Hlatky L, Haberer T, Debus J, Abdollahi A. Identification of stable endogenous control genes for transcriptional profiling of photon, proton and carbon-ion irradiated cells. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:70. [PMID: 22594372 PMCID: PMC3422209 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative analysis of transcriptional regulation of genes is a prerequisite for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of different radiation qualities such as photon, proton or carbon ion irradiation. Microarrays and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) are considered the two cornerstones of gene expression analysis. In interpreting these results it is critical to normalize the expression levels of the target genes by that of appropriately selected endogenous control genes (ECGs) or housekeeping genes. We sought to systematically investigate common ECG candidates for their stability after different radiation modalities in different human cell lines by qRT-PCR. We aimed to identify the most robust set of ECGs or housekeeping genes for transcriptional analysis in irradiation studies. METHODS We tested the expression stability of 32 ECGs in three human cancer cell lines. The epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431), the non small cell lung carcinoma cells (A549) and the pancreatic adenocarincoma cells (BxPC3) were irradiated with photon, proton and carbon ions. Expression Heat maps, clustering and statistic algorithms were employed using SUMO software package. The expression stability was evaluated by computing: mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, coefficient of variation and the stability measure (M) given by the geNorm algorithm. RESULTS Expression analysis revealed significant cell type specific regulation of 18 out of 32 ECGs (p < 0.05). A549 and A431 cells shared a similar pattern of ECG expression as the function of different radiation qualities as compared to BxPC3. Of note, the ribosomal protein 18S, one of the most frequently used ECG, was differentially regulated as the function of different radiation qualities (p ≤ 0.01). A comprehensive search for the most stable ECGs using the geNorm algorithm identified 3 ECGs for A431 and BxPC3 to be sufficient for normalization. In contrast, 6 ECGs were required to properly normalize expression data in the more variable A549 cells. Considering both variables tested, i.e. cell type and radiation qualities, 5 genes-- RPLP0, UBC, PPIA, TBP and PSMC4-- were identified as the consensus set of stable ECGs. CONCLUSIONS Caution is warranted when selecting the internal control gene for the qRT-PCR gene expression studies. Here, we provide a template of stable ECGs for investigation of radiation induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta D Sharungbam
- Molecular RadioOncology [E210], National Center for Tumor Disease (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Tiebel O, Vogel M, Eisenhofer G, Siegert G. Regulation of thrombomodulin expression in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:177-84. [PMID: 22406829 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In carcinomas the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) is inversely correlated with tumour progression and metastasis. In the present study a decreased TM expression in human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3, in relation to normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) is shown. Sequencing and methylation-specific high resolution melting (MS-HRM) analyses of bisulphite-modified genomic DNA indicates a high degree of methylation in DU-145 cells and lesser degrees in PC-3 and LNCaP cells, whereas in PrEC the TM promoter is unmethylated. The expression of TM is negatively regulated by NF-κB- and GSK3-β-dependent signalling pathways and positively regulated by retinoic acid and transcription factor Sp1 in PrEC, LNCaP and PC-3 cells, but not in DU-145 cells. However, exposure of DU-145 cells to the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine, restores the TM expression and its control by retinoic acid, NF-κB- and GSK3-β-dependent signalling. In conclusion, the study establishes that in prostate cancer cell lines relative to PrEC the TM is down-regulated and that the TM promoter is hypermethylated, which seems to be responsible for the down-regulation and failed regulation of TM expression in DU-145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Germany.
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Tumor-associated antigens for specific immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:193-217. [PMID: 24213236 PMCID: PMC3712678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. Effective treatment modalities for advanced metastatic PCa are limited. Immunotherapeutic strategies based on T cells and antibodies represent interesting approaches to prevent progression from localized to advanced PCa and to improve survival outcomes for patients with advanced disease. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) efficiently recognize and destroy tumor cells. CD4+ T cells augment the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells and promote the expansion of tumor-reactive CTLs. Antibodies mediate their antitumor effects via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, activation of the complement system, improving the uptake of coated tumor cells by phagocytes, and the functional interference of biological pathways essential for tumor growth. Consequently, several tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified that represent promising targets for T cell- or antibody-based immunotherapy. These TAAs comprise proteins preferentially expressed in normal and malignant prostate tissues and molecules which are not predominantly restricted to the prostate, but are overexpressed in various tumor entities including PCa. Clinical trials provide evidence that specific immunotherapeutic strategies using such TAAs represent safe and feasible concepts for the induction of immunological and clinical responses in PCa patients. However, further improvement of the current approaches is required which may be achieved by combining T cell- and/or antibody-based strategies with radio-, hormone-, chemo- or antiangiogenic therapy.
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Rigau M, Ortega I, Mir MC, Ballesteros C, Garcia M, Llauradó M, Colás E, Pedrola N, Montes M, Sequeiros T, Ertekin T, Majem B, Planas J, Ruiz A, Abal M, Sánchez A, Morote J, Reventós J, Doll A. A three-gene panel on urine increases PSA specificity in the detection of prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:1736-45. [PMID: 21520154 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of monitoring an RNA transcript, such as PCA3, in post-prostate massage (PM) urine for increasing the specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). However, a single marker may not necessarily reflect the multifactorial nature of PCa. METHODS We analyzed post-PM urine samples from 154 consecutive patients, who presented for prostate biopsies because of elevated serum PSA (>4 ng/ml) and/or abnormal digital rectal exam. We tested whether the putative PCa biomarkers PSMA, PSGR, and PCA3 could be detected by quantitative real-time PCR in post-PM urine sediment. We combined these findings to test if a combination of these biomarkers could improve the specificity of actual diagnosis. Afterwards, we specifically tested our model for clinical usefulness in the PSA diagnostic "gray zone" (4-10 ng/ml) on a target subset of 82 men with no prior biopsy. RESULTS By univariate analysis, we found that the PSMA, PSGR, and PCA3 scores were significant predictors of PCa. Using a multiplex model, the area under the multi receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.74 versus 0.82 in the diagnostic "gray zone." Fixing the sensitivity at 96%, we obtained a specificity of 34% and 50% in the gray zone. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results provide a strategy for the development of a more accurate model for PCa diagnosis. In the future, a multiplexed, urine-based diagnostic test for PCa with a higher specificity, but the same sensitivity as the serum-PSA test, could be used to determine better which patients should undergo biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Larkin SET, Holmes S, Cree IA, Walker T, Basketter V, Bickers B, Harris S, Garbis SD, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C. Identification of markers of prostate cancer progression using candidate gene expression. Br J Cancer 2011; 106:157-65. [PMID: 22075945 PMCID: PMC3251845 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) has no curative treatment options. Some forms of PCa are indolent and slow growing, while others metastasise quickly and may prove fatal within a very short time. The basis of this variable prognosis is poorly understood, despite considerable research. The aim of this study was to identify markers associated with the progression of PCa. METHODS Artificial neuronal network analysis combined with data from literature and previous work produced a panel of putative PCa progression markers, which were used in a transcriptomic analysis of 29 radical prostatectomy samples and correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS Statistical analysis yielded seven putative markers of PCa progression, ANPEP, ABL1, PSCA, EFNA1, HSPB1, INMT and TRIP13. Two data transformation methods were utilised with only markers that were significant in both selected for further analysis. ANPEP and EFNA1 were significantly correlated with Gleason score. Models of progression co-utilising markers ANPEP and ABL1 or ANPEP and PSCA had the ability to correctly predict indolent or aggressive disease, based on Gleason score, in 89.7% and 86.2% of cases, respectively. Another model of TRIP13 expression in combination with preoperative PSA level and Gleason score was able to correctly predict recurrence in 85.7% of cases. CONCLUSION This proof of principle study demonstrates a novel association of carcinogenic and tumourigenic gene expression with PCa stage and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E T Larkin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michaels Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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