1
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Ghosh S, Isma J, Ostano P, Mazzeo L, Toniolo A, Das M, White JR, Simon C, Paolo Dotto G. Nuclear lamin A/C phosphorylation by loss of androgen receptor leads to cancer-associated fibroblast activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7984. [PMID: 39266569 PMCID: PMC11392952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in nuclear structure and function are hallmarks of cancer cells. Little is known about these changes in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. Loss of the androgen receptor (AR) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which triggers early steps of CAF activation, leads to nuclear membrane changes and micronuclei formation, independent of cellular senescence. Similar changes occur in established CAFs and are reversed by restoring AR activity. AR associates with nuclear lamin A/C, and its loss causes lamin A/C nucleoplasmic redistribution. AR serves as a bridge between lamin A/C and the protein phosphatase PPP1. Loss of AR decreases lamin-PPP1 association and increases lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301, a characteristic of CAFs. Phosphorylated lamin A/C at Ser 301 binds to the regulatory region of CAF effector genes of the myofibroblast subtype. Expression of a lamin A/C Ser301 phosphomimetic mutant alone can transform normal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani Campus, Pilani, India.
| | - Jovan Isma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Monalisa Das
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Joni R White
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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2
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Fabiano AR, Robbins SC, Knoblauch SV, Rowland SJ, Dombroski JA, King MR. Multiplex, high-throughput method to study cancer and immune cell mechanotransduction. Commun Biol 2024; 7:674. [PMID: 38824207 PMCID: PMC11144229 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying cellular mechanoresponses during cancer metastasis is limited by sample variation or complex protocols that current techniques require. Metastasis is governed by mechanotransduction, whereby cells translate external stimuli, such as circulatory fluid shear stress (FSS), into biochemical cues. We present high-throughput, semi-automated methods to expose cells to FSS using the VIAFLO96 multichannel pipetting device custom-fitted with 22 G needles, increasing the maximum FSS 94-fold from the unmodified tips. Specifically, we develop protocols to semi-automatically stain live samples and to fix, permeabilize, and intracellularly process cells for flow cytometry analysis. Our first model system confirmed that the pro-apoptotic effects of TRAIL therapeutics in prostate cancer cells can be enhanced via FSS-induced Piezo1 activation. Our second system implements this multiplex methodology to show that FSS exposure (290 dyn cm-2) increases activation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. These methodologies greatly improve the mechanobiology workflow, offering a high-throughput, multiplex approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Fabiano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Spencer C Robbins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Samantha V Knoblauch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Schyler J Rowland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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3
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Yavuz S, Kabbech H, van Staalduinen J, Linder S, van Cappellen W, Nigg A, Abraham T, Slotman J, Quevedo M, Poot R, Zwart W, van Royen M, Grosveld F, Smal I, Houtsmuller A. Compartmentalization of androgen receptors at endogenous genes in living cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10992-11009. [PMID: 37791849 PMCID: PMC10639085 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of nuclear proteins are involved in the spatio-temporal organization of the genome through diverse biological processes such as gene transcription and DNA replication. Upon stimulation by testosterone and translocation to the nucleus, multiple androgen receptors (ARs) accumulate in microscopically discernable foci which are irregularly distributed in the nucleus. Here, we investigated the formation and physical nature of these foci, by combining novel fluorescent labeling techniques to visualize a defined chromatin locus of AR-regulated genes-PTPRN2 or BANP-simultaneously with either AR foci or individual AR molecules. Quantitative colocalization analysis showed evidence of AR foci formation induced by R1881 at both PTPRN2 and BANP loci. Furthermore, single-particle tracking (SPT) revealed three distinct subdiffusive fractional Brownian motion (fBm) states: immobilized ARs were observed near the labeled genes likely as a consequence of DNA-binding, while the intermediate confined state showed a similar spatial behavior but with larger displacements, suggesting compartmentalization by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), while freely mobile ARs were diffusing in the nuclear environment. All together, we show for the first time in living cells the presence of AR-regulated genes in AR foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Yavuz
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hélène Kabbech
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jente van Staalduinen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Linder
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex L Nigg
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E Abraham
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marti Quevedo
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Ditto M, Jacho D, Eisenmann KM, Yildirim-Ayan E. Extracellular Mechanical Stimuli Alters the Metastatic Progression of Prostate Cancer Cells within 3D Tissue Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1271. [PMID: 38002395 PMCID: PMC10669840 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand extracellular mechanical stimuli's effect on prostate cancer cells' metastatic progression within a three-dimensional (3D) bone-like microenvironment. In this study, a mechanical loading platform, EQUicycler, has been employed to create physiologically relevant static and cyclic mechanical stimuli to a prostate cancer cell (PC-3)-embedded 3D tissue matrix. Three mechanical stimuli conditions were applied: control (no loading), cyclic (1% strain at 1 Hz), and static mechanical stimuli (1% strain). The changes in prostate cancer cells' cytoskeletal reorganization, polarity (elongation index), proliferation, expression level of N-Cadherin (metastasis-associated gene), and migratory potential within the 3D collagen structures were assessed upon mechanical stimuli. The results have shown that static mechanical stimuli increased the metastasis progression factors, including cell elongation (p < 0.001), cellular F-actin accumulation (p < 0.001), actin polymerization (p < 0.001), N-Cadherin gene expression, and invasion capacity of PC-3 cells within a bone-like microenvironment compared to its cyclic and control loading counterparts. This study established a novel system for studying metastatic cancer cells within bone and enables the creation of biomimetic in vitro models for cancer research and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Ditto
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Diego Jacho
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Eisenmann
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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5
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Mbeje M, Kandhavelu J, Penny C, Kgoebane-Maseko M, Dlamini Z, Marima R. In Silico Bioinformatics Analysis on the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs as Drivers and Gatekeepers of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Using LNCaP and PC-3 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7257-7274. [PMID: 37754243 PMCID: PMC10528188 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cancer in men globally. The association between PCa and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been reported. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs have been documented in each of the cancer "hallmarks". Androgen signaling plays an important role in PCa progression. This study aimed to profile the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) PCa compared to androgen-independent (PC-3) PCa cells. This was achieved by using a 384-well plate of PCa lncRNA gene panel. Differential expression of ±2 up or downregulation was determined using the CFX Maestro software v2.1. LncSEA and DIANA-miRPath were used to identify the enriched pathways. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) lncRNA was illustrated to participate in various tumourigenic classes by in silico bioinformatics analysis and was thus selected for validation using RT-qPCR. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of differentially expressed lncRNAs in oncogenic pathways. Some lncRNAs undergo hypermethylation, others are encapsulated by exosomes, while others interact with several microRNAs (miRNAs), favouring tumourigenic pathways. Notably, TERC lncRNA was shown to interact with tumour-suppressor miRNAs hsa-miR-4429 and hsa-miR-320b. This interaction in turn activates TGF-β-signaling and ECM-receptor interaction pathways, favouring the progression of PCa. Understanding lncRNAs as competitive endogenous RNA molecules and their interactions with miRNAs may aid in the identification of novel prognostic PCa biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandisa Mbeje
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (M.M.); (M.K.-M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Mmamoletla Kgoebane-Maseko
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (M.M.); (M.K.-M.)
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (M.M.); (M.K.-M.)
| | - Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (M.M.); (M.K.-M.)
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6
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Koistinen H, Kovanen RM, Hollenberg MD, Dufour A, Radisky ES, Stenman UH, Batra J, Clements J, Hooper JD, Diamandis E, Schilling O, Rannikko A, Mirtti T. The roles of proteases in prostate cancer. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:493-513. [PMID: 36598826 PMCID: PMC10159896 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the proposition of the pro-invasive activity of proteolytic enzymes over 70 years ago, several roles for proteases in cancer progression have been established. About half of the 473 active human proteases are expressed in the prostate and many of the most well-characterized members of this enzyme family are regulated by androgens, hormones essential for development of prostate cancer. Most notably, several kallikrein-related peptidases, including KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA), the most well-known prostate cancer marker, and type II transmembrane serine proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and matriptase, have been extensively studied and found to promote prostate cancer progression. Recent findings also suggest a critical role for proteases in the development of advanced and aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Perhaps the most intriguing evidence for this role comes from studies showing that the protease-activated transmembrane proteins, Notch and CDCP1, are associated with the development of CRPC. Here, we review the roles of proteases in prostate cancer, with a special focus on their regulation by androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ruusu-Maaria Kovanen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evette S. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eleftherios Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Li S, Li Q, Chen W, Song Z, An Y, Chen P, Wu Y, Wang G, He Y, Miao Q. A Renal-Clearable Activatable Molecular Probe for Fluoro-Photacoustic and Radioactive Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201334. [PMID: 35723177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo simultaneous visualization of multiple biomarkers is critical to accurately diagnose disease and decipher fundamental processes at a certain pathological evolution, which however is rarely exploited. Herein, a multimodal activatable imaging probe (P-125 I) is reported with activatable fluoro-photoacoustic and radioactive signal for in vivo imaging of biomarkers (i.e., hepsin and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)) associated with prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. P-125 I contains a near-infrared (NIR) dye that is caged with a hepsin-cleavable peptide sequence and linked with a radiolabeled PSMA-targeted ligand (PSMAL). After systemic administration, P-125 I actively targets the tumor site via specific recognition between PSMA and PSMAL moiety and in-situ generates of activated fluoro-photoacoustic signal after reacting with hepsin to release the free dye (uncaged state). P-125 I achieves precisely early detection of prostate cancer and renal clearance to alleviate toxicity issues. In addition, the accumulated radioactive and activated photoacoustic signal of probe correlates well with the respective expression level of PSMA and hepsin, which provides valuable foreseeability for cancer progression and prognosis. Thus, this study presents a multimodal activatable probe for early detection and in-depth deciphering of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuorun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Lee YK, Kim JE, Xu Y, Han H, Lee JH, Lee HJ. AKT, a Key Transmitter of HIF-1α and AR Signaling Pathways, Has a Critical Role in the Apigetrin-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061370. [PMID: 35740392 PMCID: PMC9220772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigetrin is a flavonoid glycoside phytochemical that is derived from various herbs and exhibits several beneficial biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we elucidated the anti-cancer effect and targeting mechanism of apigetrin in LNCaP and PC-3 cells through various experiments, including cell viability by CELLOMAXTM Viability Assay kit, cell migration by scratch wound assays, and 2D-and 3D- cell growth assay. Apigetrin inhibited the viability, migration, proliferation, and growth of cells in long-term 2D- and 3D- cultures cell growth. A high dose of apigetrin induced apoptosis, as evidenced by increased cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 (c-cas3) in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Furthermore, apigetrin inhibited AR, PSA, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Apigetrin also suppressed the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression in these cells. Furthermore, apigetrin reduced hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion in the culture medium and inhibited hypoxia-induced tube formation of HUVECs. Silencing of AKT revealed that the anti-cancer activity of apigetrin is mediated via AKT. Thus, our data suggest that apigetrin exerts anti-cancer effects by inhibiting AKT, a central key of HIF-1α and AR signaling, in early-and late-stage prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yinzhu Xu
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hengmin Han
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Capdeville C, Russo L, Penton D, Migliavacca J, Zecevic M, Gries A, Neuhauss SC, Grotzer MA, Baumgartner M. Spatial proteomics finds CD155 and Endophilin-A1 as mediators of growth and invasion in medulloblastoma. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202201380. [PMID: 35296518 PMCID: PMC8926928 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the plasma membrane (PM)-associated proteome of tumor cells determines cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and the response to environmental cues. Whether the PM-associated proteome impacts the phenotype of Medulloblastoma (MB) tumor cells and how it adapts in response to growth factor cues is poorly understood. Using a spatial proteomics approach, we observed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET in MB cells changes the abundance of transmembrane and membrane-associated proteins. The depletion of MAP4K4, a pro-migratory effector kinase downstream of c-MET, leads to a specific decrease of the adhesion and immunomodulatory receptor CD155 and of components of the fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME) machinery in the PM-associated proteome of HGF-activated MB cells. The decreased surface expression of CD155 or of the fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis effector endophilin-A1 reduces growth and invasiveness of MB tumor cells in the tissue context. These data thus describe a novel function of MAP4K4 in the control of the PM-associated proteome of tumor cells and identified two downstream effector mechanisms controlling proliferation and invasiveness of MB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Capdeville
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Russo
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Penton
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Migliavacca
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Milica Zecevic
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Gries
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Cf Neuhauss
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Grotzer
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Baumgartner
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Schröder SK, Pinoé-Schmidt M, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) Deficiency Leads to Cellular Changes in Highly Metastatic Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line PC-3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020260. [PMID: 35053376 PMCID: PMC8773519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporter protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) also termed neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis in various cancers. Since the precise role of LCN2 in prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly understood, we aimed to elucidate its functions in PCa in vitro. For this purpose, LCN2 was transiently suppressed or permanently depleted in human PC-3 cells using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. Effects of LCN2 suppression on expression of different tumorigenic markers were investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. LCN2 knockout cells were analyzed for cellular changes and their ability to cope endoplasmic stress compared to parenteral PC-3 cells. Reduced LCN2 was accompanied by decreased expression of IL-1β and Cx43. In PC-3 cells, LCN2 deficiency leads to reduced proliferation, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lower adhesion, and disrupted F-actin distribution. In addition, IL-1β expression strongly correlated with LCN2 levels. LCN2 knockout cells showed enhanced and sustained activation of unfolded protein response proteins when treated with tunicamycin or cultured under glucose deprivation. Interestingly, an inverse correlation between phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (p-eIF2α) and LCN2 expression was observed suggesting that LCN2 triggers protein synthesis under stress conditions. The finding that LCN2 depletion leads to significant phenotypic and cellular changes in PC-3 cells adds LCN2 as a valuable target for the treatment of PCa.
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11
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Osada T, Crosby EJ, Kaneko K, Snyder JC, Ginzel JD, Acharya CR, Yang XY, Polascik TJ, Spasojevic I, Nelson RC, Hobeika A, Hartman ZC, Neckers LM, Rogatko A, Hughes PF, Huang J, Morse MA, Haystead T, Lyerly HK. HSP90-specific nIR probe identifies aggressive prostate cancers: translation from preclinical models to a human phase I study. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:217-226. [PMID: 34675120 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A noninvasive test to discriminate indolent prostate cancers from lethal ones would focus treatment where necessary while reducing over-treatment. We exploited the known activity of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as a chaperone critical for the function of numerous oncogenic drivers, including the androgen receptor and its variants, to detect aggressive prostate cancer. We linked a near infrared fluorescing molecule to an HSP90 binding drug and demonstrated that this probe (designated HS196) was highly sensitive and specific for detecting implanted prostate cancer cell lines with greater uptake by more aggressive subtypes. In a phase I human study, systemically administered HS196 could be detected in malignant nodules within prostatectomy specimens. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified uptake of HS196 by malignant prostate epithelium from the peripheral zone (AMACR+ERG+EPCAM+ cells), including SYP+ neuroendocrine cells that are associated with therapeutic resistance and metastatic progression. A theranostic version of this molecule is under clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erika J Crosby
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kensuke Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua C Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua D Ginzel
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chaitanya R Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas J Polascik
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Core Laboratory of Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rendon C Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Andre Rogatko
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Timothy Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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12
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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13
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Weiner F, Schille JT, Hein JI, Wu XF, Beller M, Junghanß C, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Evaluation of combination protocols of the chemotherapeutic agent FX-9 with azacitidine, dichloroacetic acid, doxorubicin or carboplatin on prostate carcinoma cell lines. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256468. [PMID: 34432846 PMCID: PMC8386839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoquinolinamine FX-9 is a novel potential chemotherapeutic agent showing antiproliferative effects against hematologic and prostate cancer cell lines such as B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia and prostate cancer (PC) of different species. Interestingly, FX-9 shows no hemolytic activity and low toxicity in benign adherent cells. The detailed FX-9 molecular mode of action is currently not fully understood. But application on neoplastic cells induces pro-apoptotic and antimitotic effects. Canine prostate cancer (cPC) represents a unique spontaneous occurring animal model for human androgen-independent PC. Human androgen-independent PC as well as cPC are currently not satisfactorily treatable with chemotherapeutic protocols. Accordingly, the evaluation of novel agent combinations bears significant potential for identifying novel treatment strategies. In this study, we combined FX-9 with the currently approved therapeutic agents doxorubicin, carboplatin, the demethylating substance azacitidine as well as further potentially antitumorigenic agents such as dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in order to evaluate the respective synergistic potential. The combinations with 1–5 μM FX-9 were evaluated regarding the effect after 72 hours on cell viability, cell count and apoptotic/necrotic cells in two human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC-3) and a canine prostate cancer cell line (Adcarc1258) representing androgen-dependent and -independent PC/cPC forms. FX-9 in combination with azacitidine decreases cell viability and increases cell death with positive Bliss values. Furthermore, this decreases the cell count with neutral Bliss values on PC-3. Carboplatin in combination with FX-9 reduces cell viability with a neutral Bliss value and increases cell death on LNCaP with calculated positive Bliss values. DCA or doxorubicin in combination with FX-9 do not show synergistic or additive effects on the cell viability. Based on these results, azacitidine or carboplatin in combination with FX-9 offers synergistic/additive efficacy against prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro. The beneficial effects of both combinations are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Weiner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Torben Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Ingo Hein
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Christian Junghanß
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Tangthong T, Piroonpan T, Thipe VC, Khoobchandani M, Katti K, Katti KV, Pasanphan W. Water-Soluble Chitosan Conjugated DOTA-Bombesin Peptide Capped Gold Nanoparticles as a Targeted Therapeutic Agent for Prostate Cancer. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:69-89. [PMID: 33776426 PMCID: PMC7987316 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s301942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functionalization of water-soluble chitosan (WSCS) nanocolloids with, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and LyslLys3 (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)-bombesin 1–14 (DOTA-BBN) peptide affords an innovative pathway to produce prostate tumor cell-specific nanomedicine agents with potential applications in molecular imaging and therapy. Methods The preparation involves the production and full characterization of water-soluble chitosan (WSCS), via gamma (γ) rays (80 kGy) irradiation, followed by DOTA-BBN conjugation for subsequent use as an effective template toward the synthesis of tumor cell-specific AuNPs-WSCS-DOTA-BBN. Results The WSCS-DOTA-BBN polymeric nanoparticles (86 ± 2.03 nm) served multiple roles as reducing and stabilizing agents in the overall template synthesis of tumor cell-targeted AuNPs. The AuNPs capped with WSCS and WSCS-DOTA-BBN exhibited average Au-core diameter of 17 ± 8 nm and 20 ± 7 nm with hydrodynamic diameters of 56 ± 1 and 67± 2 nm, respectively. The AuNPs-WSCS-DOTA-BBN showed optimum in vitro stability in biologically relevant solutions. The targeted AuNPs showed selective affinity toward GRP receptors overexpressed in prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and LNCaP). Discussion The AuNPs-WSCS-DOTA-BBN displayed cytotoxicity effects against PC-3 and LNCaP cancer cells, with concomitant safety toward the HAECs normal cells. The AuNPs-WSCS-DOTA-BBN showed synergistic targeting toward tumor cells with selective cytotoxicity of AuNPs towards PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Our investigations provide compelling evidence that AuNPs functionalized with WSCS-DOTA-BBN is an innovative nanomedicine approach for use in molecular imaging and therapy of GRP receptor-positive tumors. The template synthesis of AuNPs-WSCS-DOTA-BBN serves as an excellent non-radioactive surrogate for the development of the corresponding 198AuNPs theragnostic nanoradiopharmaceutical for use in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeranan Tangthong
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thananchai Piroonpan
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia - Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticase Nucleares (IPEN) - Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear- IPEN/CNEN-SP, São Paulo, Brasil.,Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Menka Khoobchandani
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kavita Katti
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Wanvimol Pasanphan
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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15
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Bueno De Paiva L, Aline Bernusso V, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F, Ridley AJ, Olalla-Saad ST, Lazarini M. Effects of RhoA and RhoC upon the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to glutamine deprivation. Small GTPases 2021; 12:20-26. [PMID: 30449238 PMCID: PMC7781845 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1546098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA and RhoC contribute to the regulation of glutamine metabolism, which is a crucial determinant of cell growth in some types of cancer. Here we investigated the participation of RhoA and RhoC in the response of prostate cancer cells to glutamine deprivation. We found that RhoA and RhoC activities were up- or downregulated by glutamine reduction in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, which was concomitant to a reduction in cell number and proliferation. Stable overexpression of wild type RhoA or RhoC did not alter the sensitivity to glutamine deprivation. However, PC3 cells expressing dominant negative RhoAN19 or RhoCN19 mutants were more resistant to glutamine deprivation. Our results indicate that RhoA and RhoC activities could affect cancer treatments targeting the glutamine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bueno De Paiva
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Aline Bernusso
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King´s College London, London, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Inhibition of TMPRSS2 by HAI-2 reduces prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:5950-5963. [PMID: 32778768 PMCID: PMC7416816 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TMPRSS2 is an important membrane-anchored serine protease involved in human prostate cancer progression and metastasis. A serine protease physiologically often comes together with a cognate inhibitor for execution of proteolytically biologic function; however, TMPRSS2's cognate inhibitor is still elusive. To identify the cognate inhibitor of TMPRSS2, in this study, we applied co-immunoprecipitation and LC/MS/MS analysis and isolated hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors (HAIs) to be potential inhibitor candidates for TMPRSS2. Moreover, the recombinant HAI-2 proteins exhibited a better inhibitory effect on TMPRSS2 proteolytic activity than HAI-1, and recombinant HAI-2 proteins had a high affinity to form a complex with TMPRSS2. The immunofluorescence images further showed that TMPRSS2 was co-localized to HAI-2. Both KD1 and KD2 domain of HAI-2 showed comparable inhibitory effects on TMPRSS2 proteolytic activity. In addition, HAI-2 overexpression could suppress the induction effect of TMPRSS2 on pro-HGF activation, extracellular matrix degradation and prostate cancer cell invasion. We further determined that the expression levels of TMPRSS2 were inversely correlated with HAI-2 levels during prostate cancer progression. In orthotopic xenograft animal model, TMPRSS2 overexpression promoted prostate cancer metastasis, and HAI-2 overexpression efficiently blocked TMPRSS2-induced metastasis. In summary, the results together indicate that HAI-2 can function as a cognate inhibitor for TMPRSS2 in human prostate cancer cells and may serve as a potential factor to suppress TMPRSS2-mediated malignancy.
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17
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Expression profiling revealed keratins and interleukins as potential biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of horn in Indian bullocks ( Bos indicus). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:92. [PMID: 32089987 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Horn cancer is most prevalent in Bos indicus and poorly defined genetic landscape makes disease diagnosis and treatment difficult. In this study, RNA-Seq and data analysis using CLC Genomics Workbench was employed to identify biomarkers associated with horn cancer. As a result, a total of 149 genes were found significant differentially expressed in horn cancer samples compared to horn normal samples. The study revealed 'keratins' and 'interleukins' as apex groups of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional analysis showed that the upregulated keratins support metastasis of tumor via cell proliferation, migration, and affecting cell stability, while downregulated interleukins along with other associated chemokine receptors deprive the immune response to tumor posing clear path for metastasis of horn cancer. Combi-action of both the group facilitates the tumor microenvironment to reproduce tumorigenesis. Analysis of pathways enriched in DEGs and exemplified protein-protein interaction network indicated actual role of DEGs in horn cancer at a fine level. Important effect of deregulated expression of keratin and interleukin genes in horn cancer enrolling their candidacy as potential biomarkers for horn cancer prognosis. This study appraises the possibility to mitigate horn cancer at fine resolution to extract attainable identification of prognostic molecular portraits.
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18
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Rocha PRF, Elghajiji A, Tosh D. Ultrasensitive System for Electrophysiology of Cancer Cell Populations: A Review. Bioelectricity 2019; 1:131-138. [PMID: 34471815 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity is the electrical activity produced by living organisms. Understanding the role of bioelectricity in a disease context is important as it contributes to both disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Electrophysiology tools work well for neuronal cultures; however, they are limited in their ability to detect the electrical activity of non-neuronal cells, wherein the majority of cancers arise. Electronic structures capable of detecting and modulating signaling, in real-time, in electrically quiescent cells are urgently required. One of the limitations to understanding the role of bioelectricity in cancer is the inability to detect low-level signals. In this study, we review our latest advances in devising bidirectional transducers with large electrode areas and concomitant low impedances. The resulting high sensitivity is demonstrated by the extracellular detection of electrical activity in Rat-C6 glioma and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell populations. By using specific inhibitors, we further demonstrated that the large electrical activity in Rat-C6 glioma populations is acidosis driven. For PC-3 cells, the use of a calcium inhibitor together with the slowly varying nature of the signal suggests that Ca2+ channels are involved in the cohort electrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R F Rocha
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Aya Elghajiji
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - David Tosh
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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19
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Kim JY, Bang SI, Lee SD. α-Casein Changes Gene Expression Profiles and Promotes Tumorigenesis of Prostate Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:239-251. [PMID: 31155933 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1622742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies in men. High intake of dairy products is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. No study has examined the gene profile changes and molecular mechanism by which casein, milk protein, affects prostate cancer cells. In this study, we used gene expression profiling to identify gene changes in PC3 prostate cancer cells exposed to α-casein. α-casein altered the expression of a large number of genes-related prostate cancer, transcription factor, apoptotic, metabolic, and cell cycle pathways, in addition to the expected cell proliferation signaling pathways. To clarify the molecular events involved in the effect of α-casein on proliferation and progression of PC3 cells, we examined cell proliferation assay, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. α-casein promoted PC3 cell proliferation and survival under serum-free conditions by increasing the expression of E2F1 and its target gene PCNA. α-casein also protected PC3 cells from serum-starved autophagic cell death by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway through activation of mTORC1, up-regulation of p70S6K, and down-regulation of LC3 autophagosome formation. Our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effect of α-casein in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Bang
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Don Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kaewtunjai N, Summart R, Wongnoppavich A, Lojanapiwat B, Lee TR, Tuntiwechapikul W. Telomerase Inhibition, Telomere Shortening, and Cellular Uptake of the Perylene Derivatives PM2 and PIPER in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:906-914. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratasark Summart
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
| | | | | | - T. Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston
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21
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Pereira SGT, Hudoklin S, Kreft ME, Kostevsek N, Stuart MCA, Al-Jamal WT. Intracellular Activation of a Prostate Specific Antigen-Cleavable Doxorubicin Prodrug: A Key Feature Toward Prodrug-Nanomedicine Design. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1573-1585. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. T. Pereira
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Samo Hudoklin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kostevsek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wafa T. Al-Jamal
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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22
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Cocchiola R, Lopreiato M, Guazzo R, de Santi MM, Eufemi M, Scandurra R, Scotto d’Abusco A. The induction of Maspin expression by a glucosamine-derivative has an antiproliferative activity in prostate cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Cabello M, Ge H, Aracil C, Moschou D, Estrela P, Manuel Quero J, I Pascu S, R F Rocha P. Extracellular Electrophysiology in the Prostate Cancer Cell Model PC-3. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E139. [PMID: 30609788 PMCID: PMC6339143 DOI: 10.3390/s19010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the male population, its basic biological function at a cellular level remains to be fully understood. This lack of in depth understanding of its physiology significantly hinders the development of new, targeted and more effective treatment strategies. Whilst electrophysiological studies can provide in depth analysis, the possibility of recording electrical activity in large populations of non-neuronal cells remains a significant challenge, even harder to address in the picoAmpere-range, which is typical of cellular level electrical activities. In this paper, we present the measurement and characterization of electrical activity of populations of prostate cancer cells PC-3, demonstrating for the first time a meaningful electrical pattern. The low noise system used comprises a multi-electrode array (MEA) with circular gold electrodes on silicon oxide substrates. The extracellular capacitive currents present two standard patterns: an asynchronous sporadic pattern and a synchronous quasi-periodic biphasic spike pattern. An amplitude of ±150 pA, a width between 50⁻300 ms and an inter-spike interval around 0.5 Hz characterize the quasi-periodic spikes. Our experiments using treatment of cells with Gd³⁺, known as an inhibitor for the Ca²⁺ exchanges, suggest that the quasi-periodic signals originate from Ca²⁺ channels. After adding the Gd³⁺ to a population of living PC-3 cells, their electrical activity considerably decreased; once the culture was washed, thus eliminating the Gd³⁺ containing medium and addition of fresh cellular growth medium, the PC-3 cells recovered their normal electrical activity. Cellular viability plots have been carried out, demonstrating that the PC-3 cells remain viable after the use of Gd³⁺, on the timescale of this experiment. Hence, this experimental work suggests that Ca²⁺ is significantly affecting the electrophysiological communication pattern among PC-3 cell populations. Our measuring platform opens up new avenues for real time and highly sensitive investigations of prostate cancer signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cabello
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain.
| | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Carmen Aracil
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain.
| | - Despina Moschou
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Jose Manuel Quero
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain.
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Paulo R F Rocha
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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24
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Zhao H, Su W, Zhu C, Zeng T, Yang S, Wu W, Wang D. Cell fate regulation by reticulon-4 in human prostate cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10372-10385. [PMID: 30480803 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reticulon-4 (RTN4), a reticulon family protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, is reported to be involved in multiple physiological processes like neuroendocrine secretion and membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. Previous studies have presented a great potential of RTN4 for the treatment of autoimmune-mediated demyelinating diseases and spinal cord injury regeneration. While interaction with Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-like family in apoptosis modulation implicated its possible role in various human cancers. However, the investigation of this gene in prostate cancer is mainly ignored. Here in our current study, we focused on its role in prostate cancer and found that RTN4 DNA copy numbers were higher in prostate cancer than normal prostate gland while its RNA and protein expressions were relatively lower. Chromosomal neighbor gene EML6 had similar expression patterns with RTN4 in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines, and further research found that they could be both targeted by miR-148a-3p. Lentivirus-mediated RTN4 overexpression potently inhibited DU145 and LNCaP cells proliferation. Cell cycle was blocked in G2/M phase and significant cell senescence was observed in RTN4 overexpressed prostate cancer cells. Finally, interaction networks in the normal prostate gland and cancer tissues further revealed that RTN4 maybe phosphorylated by MAPKAPK2 and FYN at tyrosine 591 and serine 107, respectively. All these results implied that RTN4 might somehow participate in prostate tumor progression, and this elicits possibility to develop or identify selective agents targeting RTN4 for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhao
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Su
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Wu
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Friedemann M, Nacke B, Hagelgans A, Jandeck C, Bechmann N, Ullrich M, Belter B, Neuber C, Sukocheva O, Pietzsch J, Menschikowski M. Diverse effects of phospholipase A2 receptor expression on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35983-35996. [PMID: 30542512 PMCID: PMC6267604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathophysiological functions of the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) are still not completely understood. To elucidate PLA2R1’s function in prostate carcinoma, the receptor was ectopically overexpressed in LNCaP with silenced PLA2R1, and diminished in PC-3 cells with constitutively increased PLA2R1 expression relative to normal prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were transfected to overexpress PLA2R1 (LNCaP-PLA2R1) and compared to control vector transfected cells (LNCaP-Ctrl). Alternatively, a CRISPR/Cas9-knockdown of PLA2R1 was achieved in PC-3 cells (PC-3 KD) and compared to the corresponding control-transfected cells (PC-3 Ctrl). The impact of PLA2R1 expression on proliferative and metastatic parameters was analysed in vitro. A pilot in vivo study addressed the effects of PLA2R1 in mice xenografted with transfected LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Cell viability/proliferation and motility were significantly increased in LNCaP-PLA2R1 and PC-3 Ctrl compared to LNCaP-Ctrl and PC-3 KD cells, respectively. However, levels of apoptosis, clonogenicity and cell invasion were reduced in LNCaP-PLA2R1 and PC-3 Ctrl cells. Gene expression analysis revealed an up-regulation of fibronectin 1 (FN1), TWIST homolog 1 (TWIST1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in LNCaP-PLA2R1. In LNCaP xenografts, PLA2R1-dependent regulation of clonogenicity appeared to outweigh the receptor’s pro-oncogenic properties, resulting in decreased tumour growth, supporting the tumour-suppressive role of PLA2R1. Alternatively, PC-3 Ctrl xenografts exhibited faster tumour growth compared to PC-3 KD cells, suggesting a pro-oncogenic effect of endogenous PLA2R1 expression. The differential growth-regulatory effects of PLA2R1 may be mediated by FN1, TWIST1, and CDK6 expression, although further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedemann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brit Nacke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Belter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park 5042, Australia
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Elmas L, Secme M, Mammadov R, Fahrioglu U, Dodurga Y. The determination of the potential anticancer effects of
Coriandrum sativum
in PC‐3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3506-3513. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Elmas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Mücahit Secme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Ramazan Mammadov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Umut Fahrioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Near East University Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
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27
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Genc GE, Hipolito VEB, Botelho RJ, Gumuslu S. Lysophosphatidic acid represses autophagy in prostate carcinoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:387-396. [PMID: 30403494 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small signaling phospholipid that mediates diverse functions including cell proliferation, migration, and survival by engaging LPA-agonized G-protein coupled receptors. Autophagy is a survival mechanism in response to nutrient depletion or organellar damage that encloses idle or damaged organelles within autophagosomes that are then delivered to lysosomes for degradation. However, the relationship between LPA and autophagy is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether LPA affects autophagy through the ERK1/2 and (or) the Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPA on autophagy-regulating pathways in various prostate-derived cancer cells including PC3, LNCaP, and Du145 cells grown in complete medium and exposed to serum-free medium. Using Western blotting and ELISA, we determined that LPA stimulates the ERK and mTOR pathways in complete and serum-free medium. The mTOR pathway led to phosphorylation of S6K and ULK, which respectively stimulates protein synthesis and arrests autophagy. Consistent with this, LPA exposure suppressed autophagy as measured by LC3 maturation and formation of GFP-LC3 puncta. Altogether, these results suggest that LPA suffices to activate mTORC1 and suppress autophagy in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem E Genc
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Victoria E B Hipolito
- b Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- b Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Saadet Gumuslu
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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28
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Bousset L, Rambur A, Fouache A, Bunay J, Morel L, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Trousson A, de Joussineau C. New Insights in Prostate Cancer Development and Tumor Therapy: Modulation of Nuclear Receptors and the Specific Role of Liver X Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2545. [PMID: 30154328 PMCID: PMC6164771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence has been dramatically increasing these last years in westernized countries. Though localized PCa is usually treated by radical prostatectomy, androgen deprivation therapy is preferred in locally advanced disease in combination with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, PCa goes into a castration-resistant state in the vast majority of the cases, leading to questions about the molecular mechanisms involving the steroids and their respective nuclear receptors in this relapse. Interestingly, liver X receptors (LXRα/NR1H3 and LXRβ/NR1H2) have emerged as new actors in prostate physiology, beyond their historical roles of cholesterol sensors. More importantly LXRs have been proposed to be good pharmacological targets in PCa. This rational has been based on numerous experiments performed in PCa cell lines and genetic animal models pointing out that using selective liver X receptor modulators (SLiMs) could actually be a good complementary therapy in patients with a castration resistant PCa. Hence, this review is focused on the interaction among the androgen receptors (AR/NR3C4), estrogen receptors (ERα/NR3A1 and ERβ/NR3A2), and LXRs in prostate homeostasis and their putative pharmacological modulations in parallel to the patients' support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amandine Rambur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julio Bunay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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29
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Burnell SEA, Spencer-Harty S, Howarth S, Bodger O, Kynaston H, Morgan C, Doak SH. STEAP2 Knockdown Reduces the Invasive Potential of Prostate Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6252. [PMID: 29674723 PMCID: PMC5908900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-2 (STEAP2) expression is increased in prostate cancer when compared to normal prostate, suggesting STEAP2 may drive prostate cancer progression. This study aimed to establish the functional role of STEAP2 in prostate tumourigenesis and evaluate if its knockdown resulted in reduced invasive potential of prostate cancer cells. PC3 and LNCaP cells were transfected with STEAP2 siRNA and proliferation, migration, invasion and gene expression analyses were performed. STEAP2 immunohistochemistry was applied to assess the protein expression and localisation according to Gleason score in 164 prostate cancer patients. Invasion significantly decreased in both cell lines following STEAP2 knockdown. PC3 proliferation and migration capacity significantly reduced, while LNCaP cell morphology and growth characteristics were altered. Additionally, STEAP2 downstream targets associated with driving invasion were identified as MMP3, MMP10, MMP13, FGFR4, IL1β, KiSS1 and SERPINE1 in PC3 cells and, MMP7 in LNCaP cells, with CD82 altered in both. In patient tissues, STEAP2 expression was significantly increased in prostate cancer samples and this significantly correlated with Gleason score. These data demonstrate that STEAP2 drives aggressive prostate cancer traits by promoting proliferation, migration and invasion and significantly influencing the transcriptional profile of ten genes underlying the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E A Burnell
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Samantha Spencer-Harty
- Cellular Pathology, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales, UK
| | - Suzie Howarth
- Histopathology, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Heol Maes Eglwys, Morriston, Swansea, SA6 6NL, Wales, UK
| | - Owen Bodger
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Howard Kynaston
- Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Claire Morgan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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30
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Xia D, Lai DV, Wu W, Webb ZD, Yang Q, Zhao L, Yu Z, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Ihnat MA, Jayaraman M, Dhanasekaran DN, Stratton KL, Cookson MS, Fung KM, Lin HK. Transition from androgenic to neurosteroidal action of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol through the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in prostate cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:89-98. [PMID: 29155210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen ablation is the standard of care prescribed to patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to slow down disease progression. Unfortunately, a majority of PCa patients under androgen ablation progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several mechanisms including alternative intra-prostatic androgen production and androgen-independent androgen receptor (AR) activation have been proposed for CRPC progression. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), a multi-functional steroid metabolizing enzyme, is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of PCa cells; and positive immunoreactivity of the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR), an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel, is detected on the membrane of PCa cells. We studied a total of 72 radical prostatectomy cases by immunohistochemistry, and identified that 21 cases exhibited positive immunoreactivities for both AKR1C3 and GABAAR. In the dual positive cancer cases, AKR1C3 and GABAAR subunit α1 were either expressed in the same cells or in neighboring cells. Among several possible substrates, AKR1C3 reduces 5α-dihydrotesterone (DHT) to form 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol). 3α-diol is a neurosteroid that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAAR in the central nervous system (CNS). We examined the hypothesis that 3α-diol-regulated pathological effects in the prostate are GABAAR-dependent, but are independent of the AR. In GABAAR-positive, AR-negative human PCa PC-3 cells, 3α-diol significantly stimulated cell growth in culture and the in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model. 3α-diol also up-regulated expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and Src as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Inclusion of GABAAR antagonists reversed 3α-diol-stimulated tumor cell growth, expression of EGF family members, and activation of EGFR and Src to the level observed in untreated cells. Results from the present study suggest that 3α-diol may act as an alternative intra-prostatic neurosteroid that activates AR-independent PCa progression. The involvement of AKR1C3-mediated steroid metabolisms in modulating GABAAR activation and promoting PCa progression requires continued studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Doan V Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Weijuan Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zachary D Webb
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jessica E Thorpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | - Bryan C Disch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | | | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kelly L Stratton
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael S Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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31
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Montero S, Martin R, Mansilla R, Cocho G, Nieto-Villar JM. Parameters Estimation in Phase-Space Landscape Reconstruction of Cell Fate: A Systems Biology Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1702:125-170. [PMID: 29119505 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7456-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamical formalism of irreversible processes offers a theoretical framework appropriate to explain the complexity observed at the macroscopic level of dynamic systems. In this context, together with the theory of complex systems and systems biology, the thermodynamical formalism establishes an appropriate conceptual framework to address the study of biological systems, in particular cancer.The Chapter is organized as follows: In Subheading 1, an integrative view of these disciplines is offered, for the characterization of the emergence and evolution of cancer, seen as a self-organized dynamic system far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Development of a thermodynamic framework, based on the entropy production rate, is presented in Subheading 2. Subheading 3 is dedicated to all tumor growth, as seen through a "phase transitions" far from equilibrium. Subheading 4 is devoted to complexity of cancer glycolysis. Finally, some concluding remarks are presented in Subheading 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Montero
- Department of Basics Science, University of Medical Science of Havana, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Reynaldo Martin
- Department of Chemical-Physics, A. Alzola Group of Thermodynamics of Complex Systems M.V. Lomonosov Chemistry Chair, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Mansilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, UNAM, México, Mexico
| | | | - José Manuel Nieto-Villar
- Department of Chemical-Physics, A. Alzola Group of Thermodynamics of Complex Systems M.V. Lomonosov Chemistry Chair, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, 10400, Cuba.
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Oleanolic acid methyl ester, a novel cytotoxic mitocan, induces cell cycle arrest and ROS-Mediated cell death in castration-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:417-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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O'Sullivan AG, Eivers SB, Mulvaney EP, Kinsella BT. Regulated expression of the TPβ isoform of the human T prostanoid receptor by the tumour suppressors FOXP1 and NKX3.1: Implications for the role of thromboxane in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3153-3169. [PMID: 28890397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prostanoid thromboxane (TX)A2 signals through the TPα and TPβ isoforms of T Prostanoid receptor (TP) that are transcriptionally regulated by distinct promoters termed Prm1 and Prm3, respectively, within the TBXA2R gene. We recently demonstrated that expression of TPα and TPβ is increased in PCa, differentially correlating with Gleason grade and with altered CpG methylation of the individual Prm1/Prm3 regions within the TBXA2R. The current study sought to localise the sites of CpG methylation within Prm1 and Prm3, and to identify the main transcription factors regulating TPβ expression through Prm3 in the prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines. Bisulfite sequencing revealed extensive differences in the pattern and status of CpG methylation of the individual Prm1 and Prm3 regions that regulate TPα and TPβ expression, respectively, within the TBXA2R. More specifically, Prm1 is predominantly hypomethylated while Prm3 is hypermethylated across its entire sequence in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, the tumour suppressors FOXP1 and NKX3.1, strongly implicated in PCa development, were identified as key transcription factors regulating TPβ expression through Prm3 in both PCa cell lines. Specific siRNA-disruption of FOXP1 and NKX3.1 each coincided with up-regulated TPβ protein and mRNA expression, while genetic-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses confirmed that both FOXP1 and NKX3.1 bind to cis‑elements within Prm3 to transcriptionally repress TPβ in the PCa lines. Collectively these data identify Prm3/TPβ as a bona fide target of FOXP1 and NKX3.1 regulation, providing a mechanistic basis, at least in part, for the highly significant upregulation of TPβ expression in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine G O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sarah B Eivers
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eamon P Mulvaney
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Therese Kinsella
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Myers JS, Vallega KA, White J, Yu K, Yates CC, Sang QXA. Proteomic characterization of paired non-malignant and malignant African-American prostate epithelial cell lines distinguishes them by structural proteins. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:480. [PMID: 28697756 PMCID: PMC5504803 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While many factors may contribute to the higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality experienced by African-American men compared to their counterparts, the contribution of tumor biology is underexplored due to inadequate availability of African-American patient-derived cell lines and specimens. Here, we characterize the proteomes of non-malignant RC-77 N/E and malignant RC-77 T/E prostate epithelial cell lines previously established from prostate specimens from the same African-American patient with early stage primary prostate cancer. Methods In this comparative proteomic analysis of RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells, differentially expressed proteins were identified and analyzed for overrepresentation of PANTHER protein classes, Gene Ontology annotations, and pathways. The enrichment of gene sets and pathway significance were assessed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis, respectively. The gene and protein expression data of age- and stage-matched prostate cancer specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Results Structural and cytoskeletal proteins were differentially expressed and statistically overrepresented between RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells. Beta-catenin, alpha-actinin-1, and filamin-A were upregulated in the tumorigenic RC-77 T/E cells, while integrin beta-1, integrin alpha-6, caveolin-1, laminin subunit gamma-2, and CD44 antigen were downregulated. The increased protein level of beta-catenin and the reduction of caveolin-1 protein level in the tumorigenic RC-77 T/E cells mirrored the upregulation of beta-catenin mRNA and downregulation of caveolin-1 mRNA in African-American prostate cancer specimens compared to non-malignant controls. After subtracting race-specific non-malignant RNA expression, beta-catenin and caveolin-1 mRNA expression levels were higher in African-American prostate cancer specimens than in Caucasian-American specimens. The “ECM-Receptor Interaction” and “Cell Adhesion Molecules”, and the “Tight Junction” and “Adherens Junction” pathways contained proteins are associated with RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest RC-77 T/E and RC-77 N/E cell lines can be distinguished by differentially expressed structural and cytoskeletal proteins, which appeared in several pathways across multiple analyses. Our results indicate that the expression of beta-catenin and caveolin-1 may be prostate cancer- and race-specific. Although the RC-77 cell model may not be representative of all African-American prostate cancer due to tumor heterogeneity, it is a unique resource for studying prostate cancer initiation and progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3462-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Karin A Vallega
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Jason White
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Kaixian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics - Unit 1411, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030-1402, USA
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA.
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González Á, García de Durango C, Alonso V, Bravo B, Rodríguez de Gortázar A, Wells A, Forteza J, Vidal-Vanaclocha F. Distinct Osteomimetic Response of Androgen-Dependent and Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Mechanical Action of Fluid Flow: Prometastatic Implications. Prostate 2017; 77:321-333. [PMID: 27813116 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Prostate cancer frequently expresses an osteomimetic phenotype, but it is unclear how it is regulated and what biological and clinical implications it confers. Because mechanical forces physiologically regulate bone-remodeling activity in osteocytes, we hypothesized that mechanical action of fluid flow (MAFF) at the cancer microenvironment may similarly foster prostate cancer cell osteomimicry. RESULTS We showed that in vitro MAFF on androgen-dependent (LNCap) and androgen-independent (PC3) prostate cancer cells remarkably increased OPG, VEGF, RunX2, PTH1R, and PTHrP gene expression in both cell lines irrespective of their androgen dependency. MAFF also altered the cytokine secretion pattern of prostate cancer cells, including Ang2, SCF, and TNFα increase with TRAIL decrease in the supernatant of both cell lines; preferential increase of Leptin and PDGF-BB in LnCap and of VEGF, IL-8, and G-CSF in PC3; and exclusive increase of FGFβ, MIF, and PECAM-1 with HGF decrease in LnCap, and of TGBβ1, HGF, M-CSF, CXCL1, and CCL7 with NGF decrease in PC3. Murine MLO-Y4 osteocyte-conditioned medium (CM) abrogated M-CSF, G-CSG, IL-8, TNFα, and FGFβ secretion-stimulating activity of mechanical stimulation on PC3 cells, and did the opposite effect on LnCap cells. However, MAFF fostered osteomimetic gene expression response of PC3 cells, but not of LnCap cells, to mechanically stimulated osteocyte-CM. Moreover, it abrogated TNFα and IL-8 secretion inhibitory effect of osteocyte-CM on mechanically stimulated PC3 cells and G-CSF, TNFα, and FGFβ-stimulating effect on mechanically stimulated LnCap cells. CONCLUSIONS MAFF activated osteoblast-like phenotype of prostate cancer cells and altered their responses to osteocyte soluble factors. It also induced osteocyte production of osteomimetic gene expression- and cytokine secretion-stimulating factors for prostate cancer cells, particularly, when they were mechanically stimulated. Importantly, MAFF induced a prometastatic response in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, suggesting the interest of mechanical stimulation-dependent transcription and secretion patterns as diagnostic biomarkers, and as therapeutic targets for the screening of bone-metastasizing phenotype inhibitors upregulated during prostate cancer cell response to MAFF at the cancer microenvironment. Prostate 77:321-333, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro González
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cira García de Durango
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU-San Pablo University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Alonso
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU-San Pablo University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bravo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU-San Pablo University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Valencia Institute of Pathology, Catholic University of Valencia School of Medicine and Odontology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
- Valencia Institute of Pathology, Catholic University of Valencia School of Medicine and Odontology, Valencia, Spain
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Novel Nine-Exon AR Transcripts (Exon 1/Exon 1b/Exons 2-8) in Normal and Cancerous Breast and Prostate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010040. [PMID: 28035996 PMCID: PMC5297675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 20 different transcripts of the human androgen receptor (AR) are reported with two currently listed as Refseq isoforms in the NCBI database. Isoform 1 encodes wild-type AR (type 1 AR) and isoform 2 encodes the variant AR45 (type 2 AR). Both variants contain eight exons: they share common exons 2-8 but differ in exon 1 with the canonical exon 1 in isoform 1 and the variant exon 1b in isoform 2. Splicing of exon 1 or exon 1b is reported to be mutually exclusive. In this study, we identified a novel exon 1b (1b/TAG) that contains an additional TAG trinucleotide upstream of exon 1b. Moreover, we identified AR transcripts in both normal and cancerous breast and prostate cells that contained either exon 1b or 1b/TAG spliced between the canonical exon 1 and exon 2, generating nine-exon AR transcripts that we have named isoforms 3a and 3b. The proteins encoded by these new AR variants could regulate androgen-responsive reporters in breast and prostate cancer cells under androgen-depleted conditions. Analysis of type 3 AR-GFP fusion proteins showed partial nuclear localization in PC3 cells under androgen-depleted conditions, supporting androgen-independent activation of the AR. Type 3 AR proteins inhibited androgen-induced growth of LNCaP cells. Microarray analysis identified a small set of type 3a AR target genes in LNCaP cells, including genes known to modulate growth and proliferation of prostate cancer (PCGEM1, PEG3, EPHA3, and EFNB2) or other types of human cancers (TOX3, ST8SIA4, and SLITRK3), and genes that are diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer (GRINA3, and BCHE).
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An enzyme-responsive conjugate improves the delivery of a PI3K inhibitor to prostate cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2373-2381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Mohan K, Weiss GA. Engineering chemically modified viruses for prostate cancer cell recognition. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:3264-72. [PMID: 26463253 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific detection of circulating tumor cells and characterization of their aggressiveness could improve cancer diagnostics and treatment. Metastasis results from such tumor cells, and causes the majority of cancer deaths. Chemically modified viruses could provide an inexpensive and efficient approach to detect tumor cells and quantitate their cell surface biomarkers. However, non-specific adhesion between the cell surface receptors and the virus surface presents a challenge. This report describes wrapping the virus surface with different PEG architectures, including as fusions to oligolysine, linkers, spacers and scaffolded ligands. The reported PEG wrappers can reduce by >75% the non-specific adhesion of phage to cell surfaces. Dynamic light scattering verified the non-covalent attachment by the reported wrappers as increased sizes of the virus particles. Further modifications resulted in specific detection of prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA, a key prostate cancer biomarker. The approach allowed quantification of PSMA levels on the cell surface, and could distinguish more aggressive forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - G A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
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Gene Expression Profiling of Prostate Cancer–Associated Genes Identifies Fibromodulin as Potential Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2016; 31:e153-62. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression profiles of a set of prostate cancer–associated genes in prostate cancer cell lines, to determine their association with different cancer phenotypes and identify potential novel biomarkers for this disease. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression profiles of 21 prostate cancer–associated genes in the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP, using the nontumorigenic cell line PWR-1E as control cell line. Genes evaluated were ESM-1, SERPINE2, CLU, BGN, A2M, PENK, FMOD, CD81, DCN, TSPAN8, KBTBD10, F2RL1, TMSB4X, SNCG, CXXC5, FOXQ1, PDPN, SPN, CAV1, CD24 and KLK3. A potential biomarker from this set of genes, the FMOD gene, encoding the small leucine-rich proteoglycan fibromodulin, was selected for further evaluation in clinical samples from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant prostatic disease. Results Several of the evaluated genes showed significantly altered expression in the prostate cancer cell lines, compared with nontumorigenic PWR-1E cells. Further evaluation of FMOD transcript in prostate clinical samples from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant prostatic disease identified a significant difference in the expression levels of this proteoglycan between benign and malignant tissue (p<0.05). Conclusions A number of gene transcripts were differentially expressed by the cell lines assayed. Among them, FMOD was further evaluated in clinical samples and was found to be differentially expressed between benign and prostate cancer tissue. Further validation of FMOD transcript in a larger population is required to ascertain its usefulness as biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Combinatorial protein engineering of proteolytically resistant mesotrypsin inhibitors as candidates for cancer therapy. Biochem J 2016; 473:1329-41. [PMID: 26957636 DOI: 10.1042/bj20151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered protein therapeutics offer advantages, including strong target affinity, selectivity and low toxicity, but like natural proteins can be susceptible to proteolytic degradation, thereby limiting their effectiveness. A compelling therapeutic target is mesotrypsin, a protease up-regulated with tumour progression, associated with poor prognosis, and implicated in tumour growth and progression of many cancers. However, with its unique capability for cleavage and inactivation of proteinaceous inhibitors, mesotrypsin presents a formidable challenge to the development of biological inhibitors. We used a powerful yeast display platform for directed evolution, employing a novel multi-modal library screening strategy, to engineer the human amyloid precursor protein Kunitz protease inhibitor domain (APPI) simultaneously for increased proteolytic stability, stronger binding affinity and improved selectivity for mesotrypsin inhibition. We identified a triple mutant APPIM17G/I18F/F34V, with a mesotrypsin inhibition constant (Ki) of 89 pM, as the strongest mesotrypsin inhibitor yet reported; this variant displays 1459-fold improved affinity, up to 350 000-fold greater specificity and 83-fold improved proteolytic stability compared with wild-type APPI. We demonstrated that APPIM17G/I18F/F34V acts as a functional inhibitor in cell-based models of mesotrypsin-dependent prostate cancer cellular invasiveness. Additionally, by solving the crystal structure of the APPIM17G/I18F/F34V-mesotrypsin complex, we obtained new insights into the structural and mechanistic basis for improved binding and proteolytic resistance. Our study identifies a promising mesotrypsin inhibitor as a starting point for development of anticancer protein therapeutics and establishes proof-of-principle for a novel library screening approach that will be widely applicable for simultaneously evolving proteolytic stability in tandem with desired functionality for diverse protein scaffolds.
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Singh R, Norret M, House MJ, Galabura Y, Bradshaw M, Ho D, Woodward RC, St Pierre TG, Luzinov I, Smith NM, Lim LY, Iyer KS. Dose-Dependent Therapeutic Distinction between Active and Passive Targeting Revealed Using Transferrin-Coated PGMA Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:351-359. [PMID: 26619362 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The paradigm of using nanoparticle-based formulations for drug delivery relies on their enhanced passive accumulation in the tumor interstitium. Nanoparticles with active targeting capabilities attempt to further enhance specific delivery of drugs to the tumors via interaction with overexpressed cellular receptors. Consequently, it is widely accepted that drug delivery using actively targeted nanoparticles maximizes the therapeutic benefit and minimizes the off-target effects. However, the process of nanoparticle mediated active targeting initially relies on their passive accumulation in tumors. In this article, it is demonstrated that these two tumor-targeted drug delivery mechanisms are interrelated and dosage dependent. It is reported that at lower doses, actively targeted nanoparticles have distinctly higher efficacy in tumor inhibition than their passively targeted counterparts. However, the enhanced permeability and retention effect of the tumor tissue becomes the dominant factor influencing the efficacy of both passively and actively targeted nanoparticles when they are administered at higher doses. Importantly, it is demonstrated that dosage is a pivotal parameter that needs to be taken into account in the assessment of nanoparticle mediated targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhani Singh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J House
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Yuriy Galabura
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Michael Bradshaw
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Diwei Ho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Robert C Woodward
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy G St Pierre
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Igor Luzinov
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Nicole M Smith
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
| | - Killugudi Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W. A., 6009, Australia
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Decreased sensitivity to aspirin is associated with altered polyamine metabolism in human prostate cancer cells. Amino Acids 2015; 48:1003-1012. [PMID: 26704566 PMCID: PMC4796368 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin is a well-known analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug and is recognised as a chemopreventative agent in cardiovascular disease and, more recently, in colorectal cancer. Although several studies indicate that aspirin is capable of reducing the risk of developing cancers, there is a lack of convincing evidence that aspirin can prevent prostate cancer in man. In this study, aspirin was shown to be an effective inhibitor of the growth of human prostate cancer cells. In order to investigate the link between polyamine catabolism and the effects of aspirin we used a “Tet off” system that induced the activity of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) in human prostate cancer cells (LNCap). Treatment with aspirin was found to decrease induced SSAT activity in these cells. A negative correlation was observed between increased polyamine catabolism via increased SSAT activity and the sensitivity to aspirin. In the presence of increased SSAT activity high amounts of N1-acetylspermidine and putrescine were observed. These cells were also found to grow more slowly than the non-induced cells. The results indicate that SSAT and its related polyamine metabolism may play a key role in sensitivity of cancer cells to aspirin and possibly other NSAIDs and this may have implications for the development of novel chemopreventative agents.
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Ratliff ML, Mishra M, Frank MB, Guthridge JM, Webb CF. The Transcription Factor ARID3a Is Important for In Vitro Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:614-23. [PMID: 26685208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the transcription factor ARID3a is expressed in a subset of human hematopoietic progenitor stem cells in both healthy individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Numbers of ARID3a(+) lupus hematopoietic stem progenitor cells were associated with increased production of autoreactive Abs when those cells were introduced into humanized mouse models. Although ARID3a/Bright knockout mice died in utero, they exhibited decreased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and erythrocytes, indicating that ARID3a is functionally important for hematopoiesis in mice. To explore the requirement for ARID3a for normal human hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell progenitors from human cord blood were subjected to both inhibition and overexpression of ARID3a in vitro. Inhibition of ARID3a resulted in decreased B lineage cell production accompanied by increases in cells with myeloid lineage markers. Overexpression of ARID3a inhibited both myeloid and erythroid differentiation. Additionally, inhibition of ARID3a in hematopoietic stem cells resulted in altered expression of transcription factors associated with hematopoietic lineage decisions. These results suggest that appropriate regulation of ARID3a is critical for normal development of both myeloid and B lineage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenu Mishra
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Mark B Frank
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | | | - Carol F Webb
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Clinical significance and expression of the PRSS3 and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein 1 for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6769-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hwang YS, Lee J, Zhang X, Lindholm PF. Lysophosphatidic acid activates the RhoA and NF-κB through Akt/IκBα signaling and promotes prostate cancer invasion and progression by enhancing functional invadopodia formation. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6775-85. [PMID: 26662305 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that increased RhoA and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activities are associated with increased PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasion and that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) significantly increases cancer invasion through RhoA and NF-κB activation. In this study, we identified the intermediate signaling molecules and specialized cell structures which are activated by LPA, resulting in enhanced cellular invasion. LPA-induced Akt and IκBα signaling pathways were necessary for RhoA and NF-κB activation, and these LPA effects were abolished by RhoA inhibition. Mice injected with PC-3 cells expressing dominant-negative RhoA N19 developed significantly less tumor growth compared with those injected with control (pcDNA 3.1). In addition, LPA treatment increased functional invadopodia formation. Activation of RhoA and NF-κB through the Akt and IκBα signaling pathway was required for LPA-stimulated gelatin degradation activity. LPA administration increased tumor growth and osteolytic lesions in a mouse xenograft model. These results indicate that LPA promotes PC-3 cell invasion by increasing functional invadopodia formation via upregulating RhoA and NF-κB signaling which contributes to prostate cancer progression. Therefore, the LPA and RhoA-NF-κB signaling axis may represent key molecular targets to inhibit prostate cancer invasion and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-Ro, Jangan Gu, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, 164-19, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Paul F Lindholm
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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46
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NES1/KLK10 gene represses proliferation, enhances apoptosis and down-regulates glucose metabolism of PC3 prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17426. [PMID: 26616394 PMCID: PMC4663538 DOI: 10.1038/srep17426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal epithelial cell-specific-1 (NES1) gene, also named as KLK10, is recognised as a novel putative tumour suppressor in breast cancer, but few studies have focused on the function of KLK10 in human prostate cancer. Our study confirms that the expression of KLK10 in prostate cancer tissue and cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP clone FGC) is low. Given that the androgen-independent growth characteristic of the PC3 cell line is more similar to clinical castration-resistant prostate cancer, we studied the role of KLK10 in PC3. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that over-expressing KLK10 in PC3 could decelerate tumour proliferation, which was accompanied with an increase in apoptosis and suppression of glucose metabolism. The related proteins, such as Bcl-2 and HK-2, were down-regulated subsequently. Furthermore, by up-regulating Bcl-2 or HK-2 respectively in the PC3-KLK10 cell line, we observed a subsequent increase of cell proliferation and a synchronous up-regulation of HK-2 and Bcl-2. Besides, KLK10 expression was also increased by Bcl-2 and HK-2, which suggests that there is a negative feedback loop between KLK10 and Bcl-2/HK-2. Thus, our results demonstrated that KLK10 may function as a tumour suppressor by repressing proliferation, enhancing apoptosis and decreasing glucose metabolism in PC3 cells.
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Yu C, Wu G, Li R, Gao L, Yang F, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang R, Zhang J, Yao L, Yuan J, Li X. NDRG2 acts as a negative regulator downstream of androgen receptor and inhibits the growth of androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:287-96. [PMID: 25756511 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2014.1002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration resistance is a major issue during castration therapy for prostate cancer and thus more effective treatment are needed for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). NDRG2 (N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2), a recently identified tumor suppressor, was previously shown to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer, but whether NDRG2 is involved in CRPC remains to be known. Because androgen receptor (AR) axis plays an important role in castration resistance, we evaluate the role of NDRG2 in AR signaling and CRPC. Immunohistochemistry examination of prostate cancer tissues demonstrated that the expression of NDRG2 is negatively correlated with that of AR and c-Myc. Furthermore, AR negatively regulates NDRG2, as well as alters levels of c-Myc and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Forced expression of NDRG2 significantly inhibits the in vitro growth of androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells; this was accompanied by alterations in PSA, but not by those of AR and c-Myc. Finally, by mimicking castration therapy in a xenograft mouse model, we showed that lentivirus-mediated NDRG2 overexpression efficiently overcomes castration resistance. Thus, by acting as a negative regulator downstream of AR, NDRG2 may emerge as a potential therapy molecule for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuigong Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; the Fourth Military Medical University ; Xi'an , China
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48
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Bediaga NG, Aznar JM, Elcoroaristizabal X, Albóniga O, Gómez-Busto F, Artaza Artabe I, Rocandio A, de Pancorbo MM. Associations between STR autosomal markers and longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:95. [PMID: 26335621 PMCID: PMC5005826 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Life span is a complex and multifactorial trait, which is shaped by genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and stochastic factors. The possibility that highly hypervariable short tandem repeats (STRs) associated with longevity has been largely explored by comparing the genotypic pools of long lived and younger individuals, but results so far have been contradictory. In view of these contradictory findings, the present study aims to investigate whether HUMTHO1 and HUMCSF1PO STRs, previously associated with longevity, exert a role as a modulator of life expectancy, as well as to assess the extent to which other autosomal STR markers are associated with human longevity in population from northern Spain. To that end, 21 autosomal microsatellite markers have been studied in 304 nonagenarian individuals (more than 90 years old) and 516 younger controls of European descent. Our results do not confirm the association found in previous studies between longevity and THO1 and CSF1PO loci. However, significant association between longevity and autosomal STR markers D12S391, D22S1045, and DS441 was observed. Even more, when we compared allelic frequency distribution of the 21 STR markers between cases and controls, we found that 6 out of the 21 STRs studied showed different allelic frequencies, thus suggesting that the genomic portrait of the human longevity is far complex and probably shaped by a high number of genomic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Bediaga
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J. M. Aznar
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - X. Elcoroaristizabal
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - O. Albóniga
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - F. Gómez-Busto
- Integral de Atención a Mayores (C.I.A.M.) “San Prudencio”, Center (CIAM) “San Prudencio”, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - I. Artaza Artabe
- Residencia y Unidad Sociosanitaria Orue, Amorebieta, Vizcaya Spain
| | - Ana Rocandio
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M. M. de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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49
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Shah P, Wang X, Yang W, Toghi Eshghi S, Sun S, Hoti N, Chen L, Yang S, Pasay J, Rubin A, Zhang H. Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2753-63. [PMID: 26256267 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.047928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. Although a majority of patients initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, most will eventually develop castration resistance. An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutics. LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Shah
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Xiangchun Wang
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Weiming Yang
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Shadi Toghi Eshghi
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Shisheng Sun
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Naseruddin Hoti
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Lijun Chen
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Shuang Yang
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Jered Pasay
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Abby Rubin
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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50
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Atorvastatin induces autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4403-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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