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Zhang N, Huang D, Jiang G, Chen S, Ruan X, Chen H, Huang J, Liu A, Zhang W, Lin X, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Tsu JH, Wei G, Na R. Genome-Wide 3'-UTR Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Association Study Identifies Significant Prostate Cancer Risk-Associated Functional Loci at 8p21.2 in Chinese Population. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201420. [PMID: 35968571 PMCID: PMC9376745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression via incomplete base pairing to sequence motifs at the three prime untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of mRNAs and play critical roles in the etiology of cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3'-UTR miRNA-binding regions may influence the miRNA affinity. However, this biological mechanism in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Here, a three-stage genome-wide association study of 3'-UTR SNPs (n=33 117) is performed in 5515 Chinese men. Three genome-wide significant variants are discovered at 8p21.2 (rs1567669, rs4872176, and rs4872177), which are all located in a linkage disequilibrium region of the NKX3-1 gene. Phenome-wide association analysis using the FinnGen data reveals a specific association of rs1567669 with PCa over 2,264 disease endpoints. Expression quantitative trait locus analyses based on both Chinese PCa cohort and the GTEx database show that risk alleles of these SNPs are significantly associated with low expression of NKX3-1. Based on the MirSNP database, dual-luciferase reporter assays show that risk alleles of these SNPs downregulate the expression of NKX3-1 via increased miRNA binding. These results indicate that the SNPs at the 3'-UTR of NKX3-1 significantly downregulate NKX3-1 expression by influencing the affinity of miRNA and increase the PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Guangliang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Siteng Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Xiaohao Ruan
- Department of Urology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Haitao Chen
- School of Public Health ShenzhenSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Urology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOulu90014Finland
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Translational MedicineSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - James Hok‐Leung Tsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Gong‐Hong Wei
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOulu90014Finland
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Rong Na
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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2
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He H, Liang L, Han D, Xu F, Lyu J. Different Trends in the Incidence and Mortality Rates of Prostate Cancer Between China and the USA: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:824464. [PMID: 35187007 PMCID: PMC8850968 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.824464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to determine the differences in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) between China and the USA from 1990 to 2019. Method The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) in China and the USA from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from GBD 2019. Annual percentage changes and relative risks of ASIR and ASDR were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort models, respectively. Results The ASIR of PCa in China continually increased from 1990 to 2019, while in the USA it increased from 1990 to 1994 and then continually decreased until 2015, and then slightly increased again until 2019. The ASDR in China did not change, and the trend of ASDR in the USA was similar to the trend of the ASIR in the USA. The incidence of PCa increased with age in China, but decreased after the age of 75 years in the USA. A period effect was present, with the risk of developing PCa increasing continuously over longer time periods. Those born later had a lower risk of PCa or death, indicating a cohort effect. Conclusion PCa is becoming more problematic for Chinese males. Disease trends in the USA indicate that large-scale screening may be beneficial and should be immediately implemented among high-risk groups in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong He
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Didi Han
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengshuo Xu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Jiang Y, Meyers TJ, Emeka AA, Cooley LF, Cooper PR, Lancki N, Helenowski I, Kachuri L, Lin DW, Stanford JL, Newcomb LF, Kolb S, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Komisarenko M, Eastham JA, Ehdaie B, Benfante N, Logothetis CJ, Gregg JR, Perez CA, Garza S, Kim J, Marks LS, Delfin M, Barsa D, Vesprini D, Klotz LH, Loblaw A, Mamedov A, Goldenberg SL, Higano CS, Spillane M, Wu E, Carter HB, Pavlovich CP, Mamawala M, Landis T, Carroll PR, Chan JM, Cooperberg MR, Cowan JE, Morgan TM, Siddiqui J, Martin R, Klein EA, Brittain K, Gotwald P, Barocas DA, Dallmer JR, Gordetsky JB, Steele P, Kundu SD, Stockdale J, Roobol MJ, Venderbos LD, Sanda MG, Arnold R, Patil D, Evans CP, Dall’Era MA, Vij A, Costello AJ, Chow K, Corcoran NM, Rais-Bahrami S, Phares C, Scherr DS, Flynn T, Karnes RJ, Koch M, Dhondt CR, Nelson JB, McBride D, Cookson MS, Stratton KL, Farriester S, Hemken E, Stadler WM, Pera T, Banionyte D, Bianco FJ, Lopez IH, Loeb S, Taneja SS, Byrne N, Amling CL, Martinez A, Boileau L, Gaylis FD, Petkewicz J, Kirwen N, Helfand BT, Xu J, Scholtens DM, Catalona WJ, Witte JS. Genetic Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Conversion from Active Surveillance to Treatment. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 34993496 PMCID: PMC8725988 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (MAST3, p = 6.9×10-7 and GAB2, p = 2.0×10-6). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Travis J. Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adaeze A. Emeka
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Folgosa Cooley
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Phillip R. Cooper
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicola Lancki
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Irene Helenowski
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa F. Newcomb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Komisarenko
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James A. Eastham
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Behfar Ehdaie
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin R. Gregg
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cherie A. Perez
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Garza
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leonard S. Marks
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merdie Delfin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Barsa
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurence H. Klotz
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mamedov
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Larry Goldenberg
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Spillane
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eugenia Wu
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H. Ballentine Carter
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian P. Pavlovich
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mufaddal Mamawala
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tricia Landis
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet E. Cowan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd M. Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rabia Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Brittain
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paige Gotwald
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A. Barocas
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah R. Dallmer
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Gordetsky
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pam Steele
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilajit D. Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jazmine Stockdale
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lionne D.F. Venderbos
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marc A. Dall’Era
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Vij
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Costello
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chow
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Courtney Phares
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas S. Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Flynn
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Koch
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Courtney Rose Dhondt
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel B. Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dawn McBride
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael S. Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kelly L. Stratton
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stephen Farriester
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Erin Hemken
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Tuula Pera
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Loeb
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir S. Taneja
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataliya Byrne
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ann Martinez
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luc Boileau
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Franklin D. Gaylis
- Genesis Healthcare Partners, Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Kirwen
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Helfand
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Denise M. Scholtens
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William J. Catalona
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Biomedical Data Science, and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Hinata N, Fujisawa M. Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Characteristics and Cancer-Specific Mortality: An Overview. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:217-227. [PMID: 35021294 PMCID: PMC8987139 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial differences of prostate cancer incidence and mortality among Asian, Black, and Caucasian men have been known, however, comprehensive update of this topic is not yet reported. In the present review, an overview of the racial differences in prostate cancer characteristics and cancer-specific mortality is collected and reviewed. Regarding racial differences of incidence and mortality, surprising differences in the incidence of prostate cancer are seen among different populations around the world, with some countries having rates that are 60 to 100 times higher than others. African-American men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer, higher prostate cancer mortality, and are diagnosed with prostate cancer at a younger age than Caucasian American men. Furthermore, race is gaining attention as an important factor to consider for planning active surveillance for localized prostate cancer, especially among African-Americans. In addition, the causes of these differences are being elucidated by genomic profiling. Determinants of racial disparities are multifactorial, including socioeconomic and biologic factors. Although race-specific differences in prostate cancer survival estimates appear to be narrowing over time, there is an ongoing need to continue to understand and mitigate racial factors associated with disparities in health care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Bree KK, Henley PJ, Pettaway CA. Germline Predisposition to Prostate Cancer in Diverse Populations. Urol Clin North Am 2021; 48:411-423. [PMID: 34210495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There remains a paucity of data related to germline genetic alterations predisposing patients to prostate cancer. Recent data suggest that African American, Hispanic, and Asian and Pacific Islander men exhibit genetic alterations in both highly penetrant germline genes, including BRCA1/2, ATM, and CHEK2, and the mismatch repair genes associated with Lynch syndrome, as well as low-penetrant single-nucleotide polymorphisms. However, cohort sizes remain small in many studies limiting the ability to determine clinical significance, appropriate risk stratification, and treatment implications in these diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Bree
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Urology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick J Henley
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Urology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Urology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhu XM, Hu J, Zhao CY, Jiang F. Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate-1 (STEAP-1)-Targeted Ultrasound Imaging Microbubble Improves Detection of Prostate Cancer In Vivo. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:299-305. [PMID: 30027616 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of the 6-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-1 (STEAP-1)-targeted microbubbles for enhancing ultrasound imaging of prostate tumors in the nude mouse xenograft models. METHODS Contrast agents were established by conjugating biotinylated STEAP-1 monoclonal antibodies with streptavidin coated SonoVue microbubbles. Then, ordinary SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) microbubble and STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubble were used, respectively, for contrast-enhanced sonography to detect prostate tumors in the nude mouse xenograft models. The characteristics, including peak intensity, time to peak, area under the curve, and mean transit time, were measured. RESULTS The biological characteristics of STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubbles were stable. STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubbles can successfully conjugate to prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Enhancement of ultrasound signal intensity was determined after injection of STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubble, compared with ordinary SonoVue microbubble. Higher intensities of ultrasound signals in xenograft tumor of prostate cancer were associated with increased levels of STEAP-1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SonoVue microbubble carrying STEAP-1 monoclonal antibody could improve the ultrasound visualization of prostate cancer and identify the tumor more effectively in vivo. A prospective study is required to validate our finding in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiang-Ming Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
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7
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Ha Chung B, Horie S, Chiong E. The incidence, mortality, and risk factors of prostate cancer in Asian men. Prostate Int 2018; 7:1-8. [PMID: 30937291 PMCID: PMC6424686 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to describe the epidemiology and risk factors of prostate cancer (PCa) in Asian populations. English language publications published over the last 10 years covering studies on the incidence, mortality, and risk factors of PCa in Asia were reviewed. The incidence of PCa in Asia is rising but is still significantly lower than that in Western countries. Studies in Asia indicated that the consumption of red meat, fat, dairy, and eggs was associated with a higher risk for PCa. Age and family history were also found to be risk factors. The emergence of genetic data indicates that different genetic backgrounds between Asian and Western populations play a role in the observed differences in PCa incidence. The lower incidence of PCa in Asian men than in Western men may in part be due to a lack of systematic prostate-specific antigen screening, but environmental and genetic factors also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ha Chung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2 Chome-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore
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8
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Prostate Cancer Genomics: Recent Advances and the Prevailing Underrepresentation from Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041255. [PMID: 29690565 PMCID: PMC5979433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. Among African American (AA) men, CaP is the most prevalent malignancy, with disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates. Even after discounting the influence of socioeconomic factors, the effect of molecular and genetic factors on racial disparity of CaP is evident. Earlier studies on the molecular basis for CaP disparity have focused on the influence of heritable mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most CaP susceptibility alleles identified based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were common, low-penetrance variants. Germline CaP-associated mutations that are highly penetrant, such as those found in HOXB13 and BRCA2, are usually rare. More recently, genomic studies enabled by Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) technologies have focused on the identification of somatic mutations that contribute to CaP tumorigenesis. These studies confirmed the high prevalence of ERG gene fusions and PTEN deletions among Caucasian Americans and identified novel somatic alterations in SPOP and FOXA1 genes in early stages of CaP. Individuals with African ancestry and other minorities are often underrepresented in these large-scale genomic studies, which are performed primarily using tumors from men of European ancestry. The insufficient number of specimens from AA men and other minority populations, together with the heterogeneity in the molecular etiology of CaP across populations, challenge the generalizability of findings from these projects. Efforts to close this gap by sequencing larger numbers of tumor specimens from more diverse populations, although still at an early stage, have discovered distinct genomic alterations. These research findings can have a direct impact on the diagnosis of CaP, the stratification of patients for treatment, and can help to address the disparity in incidence and mortality of CaP. This review examines the progress of understanding in CaP genetics and genomics and highlight the need to increase the representation from minority populations.
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9
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Wu Y, Chen H, Ji Y, Na R, Mo Z, Ye D, Wang M, Qi J, Lin X, Ding Q, Xu J, Zheng SL, Sun Y, Meng W. Validation of the novel susceptibility loci for prostate cancer in a Chinese population. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2567-2573. [PMID: 29434975 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated 23 newly identified susceptibility loci for prostate cancer (PCa) in a Chinese population and assessed whether any validated loci were associated with the genetic risk score (GRS) of PCa in a Chinese population. A total of 1,417 patients with PCa and 1,008 controls were recruited in the present study. The association of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with PCa risk and PCa aggressiveness was analyzed. The predictive ability of two GRSs based on 30 SNPs (GRS30) and the 9 most significant SNPs (GRS9) in the Chinese population were also compared. Among the 19 SNPs evaluated, 1 SNP (rs7153648 at 14q23) was associated with PCa risk [odds ratio (OR)=1.206, P<0.05)] and 1 SNP (rs636291 at 1p23) was associated with PCa aggressiveness (OR=1.123, P<0.05). GRS30 and GRS9 were significantly increased in patients with PCa compared with that among non-PCa controls. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of GRS9 and GRS 30 were similar (0.792 for GRS9 vs. 0.7994 for GRS30, P=0.138). To conclude, among the 19 SNPs evaluated, only 1 SNP was associated with PCa risk in the Chinese population. SNPs that were weakly associated with PCa were unlikely to improve the predictive ability of existing GRS in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China.,Urology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Center for Genomic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Na
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China.,Urology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Urology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China.,Center for Genomic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China.,Urology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Urology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China.,Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Hu Q, Chen Y, Li M, Yin H, Zhou C, Li G, Hou J. PSCA rs1045531 Polymorphism and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Chinese Population Undergoing Prostate Biopsy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:1168-1172. [PMID: 29332451 PMCID: PMC5762085 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617740264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study explored the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism of prostate stem cell antigen and prostate cancer in Chinese patients undergoing prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: DNA from 416 patients undergoing prostate biopsy was typed for the prostate stem cell antigen rs1045531 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The frequency of the rs1045531 polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer and in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia was compared. Associations between the polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer, prostate special antigen, Gleason score, and clinical stage were analyzed. Results: Statistically significant differences in the distribution of the rs1045531 genotypes and alleles were found between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients undergoing prostate biopsy (P = .035 and .046, respectively). We found that the rs1045531 AC genotype was significantly associated with a high risk of prostate cancer in the heterozygote model (AC vs CC; odds ratio = 2.383, 95% confidence interval: 1.198-4.741, χ2 = 6.229, P = .013) and the dominant model (AA/AC vs CC; odds ratio = 2.169, 95% confidence interval: 1.112-4.229, χ2 = 5.228, P = .022). However, susceptibility of prostate cancer was decreased in the homozygote model (AA vs CC; odds ratio = 0.828, 95% confidence interval: 0.143-4.805, P = .601). When considering clinical factors, the rs1045531 showed an association with prostate special antigen of 10 ng/mL or greater, a Gleason score of 7 or greater, and a size of T2 or greater. Conclusion: Men with the rs1045531 AC genotype of prostate stem cell antigen were at higher risk of prostate cancer in Chinese patients undergoing prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Hu
- 2 Department of Urology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huming Yin
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenchao Zhou
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- 1 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Wang X, Lin X, Na R, Jiang D, Zhang P, Li J, Jin C, Fu D, Xu J. An evaluation study of reported pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk-associated SNPs from genome-wide association studies in Chinese population. Pancreatology 2017; 17:931-935. [PMID: 28988600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and a pathway study of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) identified 14 significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along with another 7 promising loci in European, Japanese, and Chinese descents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential association of these SNPs with PDAC risk in the Chinese population. METHODS In this Chinese population-based case-control study with 254 cases and 1200 controls, we tested 20 PDAC risk associated SNPs from previous GWAS and one SNP from a pathway-based study. RESULTS All 21 SNPs were polymorphic in the Chinese population. Twenty SNPs were included in the final analysis after the quality check (QC). Among these SNPs, three were significantly associated with PDAC risk after Bonferroni correction (P < 2.5E-03) including rs7779540 (at 7q36.2, P = 3.89E-06, OR = 2.59, 95%CI: 1.73-3.87), rs10919791 (at 1q32.1, P = 6.07E-05, OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.24-1.86) and rs401681 (at 5p15.33, P = 5.15E-04, OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.17-1.73). Rs2255280 (at 5p13.1, P = 8.16E-03, OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.07-1.6) showed significant association at the p < 0.05 level. The directions of effect of these SNPs were consistent with previous studies. CONCLUSION Four PDAC risk-associated SNPs identified in GWAS of various populations are associated with PDAC risk in the Chinese population. Information on PDAC risk-associated SNPs and their ORs may facilitate risk assessment of PDAC risk in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Na
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deliang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States.
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12
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Irizarry-Ramírez M, Kittles RA, Wang X, Salgado-Montilla J, Nogueras-González GM, Sánchez-Ortiz R, Guerrios L, Rivera K, Shah E, Prokhorova I, Roberson P, Troncoso P, Pettaway CA. Genetic ancestry and prostate cancer susceptibility SNPs in Puerto Rican and African American men. Prostate 2017; 77:1118-1127. [PMID: 28543179 PMCID: PMC5495141 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Puerto Rican (PR) population is a racially admixed population that has a high prostate cancer (PCa) mortality rate. We hypothesized in this pilot study that West African Ancestry (WAA) was associated with PCa in this heterogeneous (PR) population. METHODS A case/case and case/control study was performed. Controls, 207 African American (AA) and 133 PR were defined as men with no PCa, a serum PSA < 2.5 ng/mL and a negative rectal examination. Cases were patients with pathological specimens from radical prostatectomies (RP) (291 PR and 200 AA). DNA was extracted from whole blood of controls and from paraffin embedded normal seminal vesicle from the RPs. We assessed the association of PCa and aggressiveness with genetic ancestry using an ancestry informative marker panel (AIMs) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the association of PCa and aggressiveness with 15 previously PCa associated SNPs using Chi square test. Gleason Score (GS) and tumor stage (TS) were used to define low risk (GS ≤ 7[3 + 4]), TS ≤ pT2) and high risk (GS≥ 7[4 + 3], TS > pT2) PCa. Statistical analyses were done using SAS. RESULTS No difference in overall percent WAA was found between PR cases and controls. Among PR or AA cases WAA was not associated with disease severity based upon risk group, Gleason score or stage. Among AA controls WAA was significantly higher than in cases. The SNP rs7824364 (chromosome 8q24) PCa risk allele was significantly increased among cases versus controls for both AA (P < 0.0001) and PR (P = 0.0001) men. PR men with ≥1 risk allele exhibited a higher percent of WAA (39% vs 29%, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION The SNP rs7824364, a local marker of WAA in the 8q24 region was associated with PCa among both AA and PR men and with increased WAA among PR men. This novel relationship of PCA risk loci, WAA with PCa and its phenotype among PR men deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Irizarry-Ramírez
- Department of Graduate Studies, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan Puerto Rico, Box 365067, SanJuan, Puerto Rico 00936, 787-758-2525 ext 7035
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, ;
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, ;
| | - Jeannette Salgado-Montilla
- University of Puerto Rico/MD Anderson Cancer Center Partnership for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico,
| | | | | | | | - Keila Rivera
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus,
| | - Ebony Shah
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, ;
| | - Ina Prokhorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, ,
| | - Pamela Roberson
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, ,
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, ,
| | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, ,
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13
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Na R, Ye D, Qi J, Liu F, Lin X, Helfand BT, Brendler CB, Conran C, Gong J, Wu Y, Gao X, Chen Y, Zheng SL, Mo Z, Ding Q, Sun Y, Xu J. Race-specific genetic risk score is more accurate than nonrace-specific genetic risk score for predicting prostate cancer and high-grade diseases. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:525-9. [PMID: 27140652 PMCID: PMC4955174 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.179857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk score (GRS) based on disease risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is an informative tool that can be used to provide inherited information for specific diseases in addition to family history. However, it is still unknown whether only SNPs that are implicated in a specific racial group should be used when calculating GRSs. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of race-specific GRS and nonrace-specific GRS for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) among 1338 patients underwent prostate biopsy in Shanghai, China. A race-specific GRS was calculated with seven PCa risk-associated SNPs implicated in East Asians (GRS7), and a nonrace-specific GRS was calculated based on 76 PCa risk-associated SNPs implicated in at least one racial group (GRS76). The means of GRS7 and GRS76 were 1.19 and 1.85, respectively, in the study population. Higher GRS7 and GRS76 were independent predictors for PCa and high-grade PCa in univariate and multivariate analyses. GRS7 had a better area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) than GRS76 for discriminating PCa (0.602 vs 0.573) and high-grade PCa (0.603 vs 0.575) but did not reach statistical significance. GRS7 had a better (up to 13% at different cutoffs) positive predictive value (PPV) than GRS76. In conclusion, a race-specific GRS is more robust and has a better performance when predicting PCa in East Asian men than a GRS calculated using SNPs that are not shown to be associated with East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Na
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles B Brendler
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Carly Conran
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA,
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14
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Helfand BT, Kearns J, Conran C, Xu J. Clinical validity and utility of genetic risk scores in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:509-14. [PMID: 27297129 PMCID: PMC4955171 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.182981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current issues related to prostate cancer (PCa) clinical care (e.g., over-screening, over-diagnosis, and over-treatment of nonaggressive PCa) call for risk assessment tools that can be combined with family history (FH) to stratify disease risk among men in the general population. Since 2007, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 100 SNPs associated with PCa susceptibility. In this review, we discuss (1) the validity of these PCa risk-associated SNPs, individually and collectively; (2) the various methods used for measuring the cumulative effect of multiple SNPs, including genetic risk score (GRS); (3) the adequate number of SNPs needed for risk assessment; (4) reclassification of risk based on evolving numbers of SNPs used to calculate genetic risk, (5) risk assessment for men from various racial groups, and (6) the clinical utility of genetic risk assessment. In conclusion, data available to date support the clinical validity of PCa risk-associated SNPs and GRS in risk assessment among men with or without FH. PCa risk-associated SNPs are not intended for diagnostic use; rather, they should be used the same way as FH. Combining GRS and FH can significantly improve the performance of risk assessment. Improved risk assessment may have important clinical utility in targeted PCa testing. However, clinical trials are urgently needed to evaluate this clinical utility as well as the acceptance of GRS by patients and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Helfand
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - James Kearns
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Carly Conran
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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15
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Conran CA, Na R, Chen H, Jiang D, Lin X, Zheng SL, Brendler CB, Xu J. Population-standardized genetic risk score: the SNP-based method of choice for inherited risk assessment of prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:520-4. [PMID: 27080480 PMCID: PMC4955173 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.179527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different approaches are available to clinicians for determining prostate
cancer (PCa) risk. The clinical validity of various PCa risk assessment methods
utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been established; however, these
SNP-based methods have not been compared. The objective of this study was to compare
the three most commonly used SNP-based methods for PCa risk assessment. Participants
were men (n = 1654) enrolled in a prospective study of PCa
development. Genotypes of 59 PCa risk-associated SNPs were available in this cohort.
Three methods of calculating SNP-based genetic risk scores (GRSs) were used for the
evaluation of individual disease risk such as risk allele count (GRS-RAC), weighted
risk allele count (GRS-wRAC), and population-standardized genetic risk score
(GRS-PS). Mean GRSs were calculated, and performances were compared using area under
the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and positive predictive value
(PPV). All SNP-based methods were found to be independently associated with PCa (all
P < 0.05; hence their clinical validity). The mean GRSs in
men with or without PCa using GRS-RAC were 55.15 and 53.46, respectively, using
GRS-wRAC were 7.42 and 6.97, respectively, and using GRS-PS were 1.12 and 0.84,
respectively (all P < 0.05 for differences between patients
with or without PCa). All three SNP-based methods performed similarly in
discriminating PCa from non-PCa based on AUC and in predicting PCa risk based on PPV
(all P > 0.05 for comparisons between the three methods), and
all three SNP-based methods had a significantly higher AUC than family history (all
P < 0.05). Results from this study suggest that while the
three most commonly used SNP-based methods performed similarly in discriminating PCa
from non-PCa at the population level, GRS-PS is the method of choice for risk
assessment at the individual level because its value (where 1.0 represents average
population risk) can be easily interpreted regardless of the number of
risk-associated SNPs used in the calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Conran
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Rong Na
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China,
| | - Haitao Chen
- Center for Genomic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Deke Jiang
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Charles B Brendler
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Program for Personalized Cancer Care, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China; Center for Genomic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China,
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Influence of age on predictiveness of genetic risk score for prostate cancer in a Chinese hospital-based biopsy cohort. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22978-84. [PMID: 26011940 PMCID: PMC4673214 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether age influences the predictiveness of genetic risk score (GRS) for prostate cancer (PCa) in a Chinese hospital-based biopsy cohort. Methods We included consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsies in two tertiary centers between 2012 and 2014. GRS was calculated using 24 PCa-associated genetic variants and its predictiveness was assessed by area under curve (AUC). Results Of 1120 men tested, 724 with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 20 ng/ml were selected for further analysis. Patients were divided into 3 groups by age cutoffs at 60 and 70 years. GRS significantly predicted PCa for all patients (AUC: 0.561; 95% CI: 0.514–0.609) and was an independent predictor in multivariate analysis for the 60–70 year-olds (AUC: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.541–0.684), but not for patients aged < 60 years or ≥70 years. For PCa with Gleason score ≥7, GRS discriminative ability was 0.582 (95% CI=0.527–0.637) for all patients, and 0.647 (95% CI: 0.541–0.684) for the 60–70 year-old group. Conclusion GRS significantly increased clinical prediction of PCa and high-grade disease in Chinese men aged 60–70 years, which implies that men in this age group would benefit most from genetic testing.
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Monn MF, Tatem AJ, Cheng L. Prevalence and management of prostate cancer among East Asian men: Current trends and future perspectives. Urol Oncol 2015; 34:58.e1-9. [PMID: 26493449 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously East Asian men had been considered less likely to develop or die of prostate cancer. Emerging research and the onset of prostate-specific antigen screening in East Asian countries suggests that this may not be the case. We sought to analyze epidemiology and molecular genetic data and recent trends in the management of prostate cancer among East Asian men. METHODS AND MATERIALS We performed literature searches using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to examine current literature on prostate cancer in East Asian men. Additionally, articles were searched for further references related to the topic. RESULTS Recent studies have reported increasing incidence of prostate cancer identified in East Asian men. Prostate cancer mortality has increased and is currently the fourth leading cause of death among men in Shanghai, China. Although prostate cancer was considered less aggressive among East Asian men, studies suggest that it is similarly aggressive to prostate cancer in Western populations. Molecular markers such as the TEMPRESS:ERG fusion gene and PTEN loss may provide novel methods of screening East Asian men for prostate cancer. National-level guidelines for prostate cancer screening and management are only available in Japan. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of prostate cancer in East Asian men is likely similar to that in Western male populations. East Asian men present at higher stages of prostate cancer, likely because of a lack of standardized screening protocols. Urologists in Western countries should screen East Asian men for prostate cancer using the same standards as used for Western men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Francesca Monn
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander J Tatem
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
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Large-scale association analysis in Asians identifies new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8469. [PMID: 26443449 PMCID: PMC4633711 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ∼100 genetic loci associated with prostate cancer risk. Less than a dozen of these loci were initially identified from GWAS in two Asian populations, likely because of smaller sample sizes of these individual GWAS in Asians. Here, we conduct a large-scale meta-analysis of two GWAS from the Japanese population (1,583 cases and 3,386 controls) and the Chinese population (1,417 cases and 1,008 controls), followed by replication in three independent sample sets. We identify two independent susceptibility loci for prostate cancer at 11p15.4 (rs12791447, P=3.59 × 10(-8); PPFIBP2) and 14q23.2 (rs58262369, P=6.05 × 10(-10); ESR2). The mRNA levels of PPFIBP2 and ESR2 are differentially expressed in prostate tumours and paired normal tissues. Our study adds two new loci to the limited number of prostate cancer risk-associated variants in Asians and provides important insight into potential biological mechanisms of prostate cancer.
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Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Chen HT, Han CT, Liu F, Xu JF, Ye DW. Association Between the Body Mass Index and Prostate Cancer at Biopsy is Modified by Genetic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1603. [PMID: 26496266 PMCID: PMC4620779 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we aimed to examine whether the association of body mass index (BMI) with prostate cancer (PCa) at biopsy differs according to genetic susceptibility.In a multicenter prospective cohort including 1120 men undergoing diagnostic prostate biopsy in China, we evaluated the interaction between BMI and genetic risk score (GRS) comprising 24 PCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as a GRS consisting of 7 SNPs derived from an East-Asian population. The genetic risk was defined as low, intermediate, or high when GRS fell in the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively.We observed a significant interaction between BMI and PCa GRS (Pinteraction = 0.047), suggesting that the predictive value of BMI on PCa was strongly modified by genetic susceptibility. In men with high genetic risk, BMI was an independent predictor of PCa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.167, P = 0.008) after adjusting for conventional risk factors. The relationship between BMI and PCa risk diminished (P = 0.990) in men with low genetic risk. The interaction was more pronounced with the East-Asian GRS (Pinteraction = 0.032), suggesting that the overall GRS interaction most likely occurs through genetic susceptibility in the East-Asian population.Our results suggest that the predictive effect of BMI on the PCa risk is strongly modified by individual genetic susceptibility. The association is more positive among men with high genetic risk for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ming Zhang
- From the Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, People's Republic of China (GMZ, YZ, CTH, DWY); Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (GMZ, YZ, CTH, DWY); Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (HTC, FL, JFX); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (HTC, FL, JFX); Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (HTC, FL, JFX); and Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (JFX)
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Ao X, Liu Y, Bai XY, Qu X, Xu Z, Hu G, Chen M, Wu H. Association between EHBP1 rs721048(A>G) polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 17 studies involving 150,678 subjects. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1671-80. [PMID: 26185455 PMCID: PMC4500625 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s84034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background EHBP1 rs721048(A) was first identified as a prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Caucasians by genome-wide association study, but subsequent replication studies involving Caucasian and other ethnicities did not produce consistent results. The aim of this study was to obtain a more definite association between rs721048(A) and PCa risk. Methods We comprehensively searched several databases updated to September 2014, including PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently screened and reviewed the eligibility of each study. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The association of rs721048(A) and PCa risk was assessed by pooling odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 17 studies, including 48,135 cases and 102,543 controls, published between 2008 and 2014 were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled analysis demonstrated that rs721048(A) was significantly associated with the risk of PCa under the allele model (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.11–1.17, P=0.000). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity revealed a significant association between rs721048(A) and PCa in Caucasian (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.11–1.16, P=0.000), African descent (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.01–1.23, P=0.025), and Asian (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.12–1.64, P=0.002). Conclusion Our results provided strong evidence that rs721048(A) could be a risk factor for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Qu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaolei Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijian Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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21
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Figlioli G, Köhler A, Chen B, Elisei R, Romei C, Cipollini M, Cristaudo A, Bambi F, Paolicchi E, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Kalemba M, Kula D, Pastor S, Marcos R, Velázquez A, Jarząb B, Landi S, Hemminki K, Försti A, Gemignani F. Novel genome-wide association study-based candidate loci for differentiated thyroid cancer risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2084-92. [PMID: 25029422 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have identified robust associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 9q22.33 (FOXE1), 14q13.3 (NKX2-1), and 2q35 (DIRC3). Our recently published GWAS suggested additional susceptibility loci specific for the high-incidence Italian population. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify novel Italian-specific DTC risk variants based on our GWAS and to test them further in low-incidence populations. DESIGN We investigated 45 SNPs selected from our GWAS first in an Italian population. SNPs that showed suggestive evidence of association were investigated in the Polish and Spanish cohorts. RESULTS The combined analysis of the GWAS and the Italian replication study (2260 case patients and 2218 control subjects) provided strong evidence of association with rs10136427 near BATF (odds ratio [OR] =1.40, P = 4.35 × 10(-7)) and rs7267944 near DHX35 (OR = 1.39, P = 2.13 × 10(-8)). A possible role in DTC susceptibility in the Italian populations was also found for rs13184587 (ARSB) (P = 8.54 × 10(-6)) and rs1220597 (SPATA13) (P = 3.25 × 10(-6)). Only the associations between rs10136427 and rs7267944 and DTC risk were replicated in the Polish and the Spanish populations with little evidence of population heterogeneity (GWAS and all replications combined, OR = 1.30, P = 9.30 × 10(-7) and OR = 1.32, P = 1.34 × 10(-8), respectively). In silico analyses provided new insights into the possible functional consequences of the SNPs that showed the strongest association with DTC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for novel DTC susceptibility variants. Further studies are warranted to identify the specific genetic variants responsible for the observed associations and to functionally validate our in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Figlioli
- Department of Biology (G.F., M.C., E.P., S.L., F.G.), University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy; Molecular Genetic Epidemiology (A.K., B.C., K.H., A.F.), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.E., C.R., A.C.), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Blood Centre (F.B.), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria A. Meyer, 50139 Firenze, Italy; Department of Genomics (P.H., S.H.), Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics (P.H., S.H.), University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany; Division of Medical Genetics (P.H., S.H.), University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology (M.K., D.K., B.J.), Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; Grup de Mutagènesi (S.P., R.M., A.V.), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red y Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (S.P., R.M., A.V.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Center for Primary Health Care Research (K.H., A.F.), Clinical Research Center, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Ren S, Xu J, Zhou T, Jiang H, Chen H, Liu F, Na R, Zhang L, Wu Y, Sun J, Yang B, Gao X, Zheng SL, Xu C, Ding Q, Sun Y. Plateau effect of prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs in discriminating prostate biopsy outcomes. Prostate 2013; 73:1824-35. [PMID: 24037738 PMCID: PMC3910089 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Additional prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) continue to be identified. It is unclear whether addition of newly identified SNPs improves the discriminative performance of biopsy outcomes over previously established SNPs. METHODS A total of 667 consecutive patients that underwent prostate biopsy for detection of PCa at Huashan Hospital and Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China were recruited. Genetic scores were calculated for each patient using various combinations of 29 PCa risk-associated SNPs. Performance of these genetic scores for discriminating prostate biopsy outcomes were compared using the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS The discriminative performance of genetic score derived from a panel of all 29 SNPs (24 previous and 5 new) was similar to that derived from the 24 previously established SNPs, the AUC of which were 0.60 and 0.61, respectively (P = 0.72). When SNPs with the strongest effect on PCa risk (ranked based on contribution to the total genetic variance from an external study) were sequentially added to the models for calculating genetic score, the AUC gradually increased and peaked at 0.62 with the top 13 strongest SNPs. Under the 13-SNP model, the PCa detection rate was 21.52%, 36.74%, and 51.98%, respectively for men with low (<0.5), intermediate (0.5-1.5), and high (>1.5) genetic score, P-trend = 9.91 × 10(-6). CONCLUSION Genetic score based on PCa risk-associated SNPs implicated to date is a significant predictor of biopsy outcome. Additional small-effect PCa risk-associated SNPs to be discovered in the future are unlikely to further improve predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Na
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Qiang Ding, Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Yinghao Sun, Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Jiang H, Liu F, Wang Z, Na R, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zheng J, Lin X, Jiang D, Sun J, Zheng SL, Ding Q, Xu J. Prediction of prostate cancer from prostate biopsy in Chinese men using a genetic score derived from 24 prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs. Prostate 2013; 73:1651-9. [PMID: 23868750 PMCID: PMC3909876 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-four prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Chinese men have been cataloged. We evaluated whether these SNPs can independently predict outcomes of prostate biopsy, and improve the predictive performance of existing clinical variables. METHODS Three hundred eight consecutive patients that underwent prostate biopsy for detection of PCa at Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China between April 2011 and August 2012 were recruited. Clinical variables such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and peripheral blood samples were collected prior to a 10-core biopsy. A genetic score based on these 24 PCa associated SNPs was calculated for each individual. RESULTS Among 308 patients underwent prostate biopsy, 141 (45.8%) were diagnosed with PCa. Genetic score was significantly higher in patients with PCa (median = 1.30) than without (median = 0.89), P = 3.81 × 10(-6). The difference remained significant after adjusting for age and total PSA, P = 0.007. The PCa detection rate increased with increasing genetic score; 26.3%, 43.2%, and 60.0% for men with lower (<0.5), average (0.5-1.5), and higher (>1.5) genetic score, respectively, P(-trend) = 0.0003. For patients with moderately elevated PSA levels (1.6-20 ng/ml), the PCa detection rate was 31.2% overall and was 16.7%, 31.2%, and 40.9% for men with lower (<0.5), average (0.5-1.5), and higher (>1.5) genetic score, respectively, P(-trend) = 0.03. For patients with PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml, however, the PCa detection rates were high (>69%) regardless of genetic score. CONCLUSION A genetic score based on PCa risk-associated SNPs is an independent predictor of prostate biopsy outcomes in Chinese men and may be helpful to determine the need for prostate biopsy among patients within a "gray zone" of PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Jiang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Fang Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Center for Cancer Genomics,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rong Na
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Cancer Genomics,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Limin Zhang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Center for Cancer Genomics,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Qiang Ding
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Correspondence to: Qiang Ding and Jianfeng Xu, Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. (M), Shanghai 200040, China. ;
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Center for Cancer Genomics,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Correspondence to: Qiang Ding and Jianfeng Xu, Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. (M), Shanghai 200040, China. ;
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Xu J, Sun J, Zheng SL. Prostate cancer risk-associated genetic markers and their potential clinical utility. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:314-22. [PMID: 23564047 PMCID: PMC3739659 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men in Western developed countries and its incidence has increased considerably in many other parts of the world, including China. The etiology of PCa is largely unknown but is thought to be multifactorial, where inherited genetics plays an important role. In this article, we first briefly review results from studies of familial aggregation and genetic susceptibility to PCa. We then recap key findings of rare and high-penetrance PCa susceptibility genes from linkage studies in PCa families. We devote a significant portion of this article to summarizing discoveries of common and low-penetrance PCa risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genetic association studies in PCa cases and controls, especially those from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A strong focus of this article is to review the literature on the potential clinical utility of these implicated genetic markers. Most of these published studies described PCa risk estimation using a genetic score derived from multiple risk-associated SNPs and its utility in determining the need for prostate biopsy. Finally, we comment on the newly proposed concept of genetic score; the notion is to treat it as a marker for genetic predisposition, similar to family history, rather than a diagnostic marker to discriminate PCa patients from non-cancer patients. Available evidence to date suggests that genetic score is an objective and better measurement of inherited risk of PCa than family history. Another unique feature of this article is the inclusion of genetic association studies of PCa in Chinese and Japanese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityFudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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