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Wen X, Xu H, Woolley PR, Conway OM, Yao J, Matouschek A, Lambowitz AM, Paull TT. Senataxin deficiency disrupts proteostasis through nucleolar ncRNA-driven protein aggregation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309036. [PMID: 38717338 PMCID: PMC11080644 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Senataxin is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-DNA helicase involved in DNA repair and transcription termination that is associated with human neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated whether Senataxin loss affects protein homeostasis based on previous work showing R-loop-driven accumulation of DNA damage and protein aggregates in human cells. We find that Senataxin loss results in the accumulation of insoluble proteins, including many factors known to be prone to aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. These aggregates are located primarily in the nucleolus and are promoted by upregulation of non-coding RNAs expressed from the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA. We also map sites of R-loop accumulation in human cells lacking Senataxin and find higher RNA-DNA hybrids within the ribosomal DNA, peri-centromeric regions, and other intergenic sites but not at annotated protein-coding genes. These findings indicate that Senataxin loss affects the solubility of the proteome through the regulation of transcription-dependent lesions in the nucleus and the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hengyi Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Phillip R. Woolley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Olivia M. Conway
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Matouschek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alan M. Lambowitz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tanya T. Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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2
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Ghosh D, Biswas A, Radhakrishna M. Advanced computational approaches to understand protein aggregation. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021302. [PMID: 38681860 PMCID: PMC11045254 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a widespread phenomenon implicated in debilitating diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cataracts, presenting complex hurdles for the field of molecular biology. In this review, we explore the evolving realm of computational methods and bioinformatics tools that have revolutionized our comprehension of protein aggregation. Beginning with a discussion of the multifaceted challenges associated with understanding this process and emphasizing the critical need for precise predictive tools, we highlight how computational techniques have become indispensable for understanding protein aggregation. We focus on molecular simulations, notably molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, spanning from atomistic to coarse-grained levels, which have emerged as pivotal tools in unraveling the complex dynamics governing protein aggregation in diseases such as cataracts, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. MD simulations provide microscopic insights into protein interactions and the subtleties of aggregation pathways, with advanced techniques like replica exchange molecular dynamics, Metadynamics (MetaD), and umbrella sampling enhancing our understanding by probing intricate energy landscapes and transition states. We delve into specific applications of MD simulations, elucidating the chaperone mechanism underlying cataract formation using Markov state modeling and the intricate pathways and interactions driving the toxic aggregate formation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Transitioning we highlight how computational techniques, including bioinformatics, sequence analysis, structural data, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence have become indispensable for predicting protein aggregation propensity and locating aggregation-prone regions within protein sequences. Throughout our exploration, we underscore the symbiotic relationship between computational approaches and empirical data, which has paved the way for potential therapeutic strategies against protein aggregation-related diseases. In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive overview of advanced computational methodologies and bioinformatics tools that have catalyzed breakthroughs in unraveling the molecular basis of protein aggregation, with significant implications for clinical interventions, standing at the intersection of computational biology and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Anushka Biswas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
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3
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Mohammadi S, Seyedalipour B, Hashemi SZ, Hosseinkhani S, Mohseni M. Implications of ALS-Associated Mutations on Biochemical and Biophysical Features of hSOD1 and Aggregation Formation. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10619-y. [PMID: 38196030 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
One of the recognized motor neuron degenerative disorders is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). By now, several mutations have been reported and linked to ALS patients, some of which are induced by mutations in the human superoxide dismutase (hSOD1) gene. The ALS-provoking mutations are located throughout the structure of hSOD1 and promote the propensity to aggregate. Despite numerous investigations, the underlying mechanism related to the toxicity of mutant hSOD1 through the gain of a toxic function is still vague. We surveyed two mutant forms of hSOD1 by removing and adding cysteine at positions 146 and 72, respectively, to investigate the biochemical characterization and amyloid formation. Our findings predicted the harmful and destabilizing impact of two SOD1 mutants using multiple programs. The specific activity of the wild-type form was about 1.42- and 1.92-fold higher than that of C146R and G72C mutants, respectively. Comparative structural studies using CD spectropolarimetry, and intrinsic and ANS fluorescence showed alterations in secondary structure content, exposure of hydrophobic patches, and structural compactness of WT-hSOD1 vs. mutants. We demonstrated that two mutants were able to promote amyloid-like aggregates under amyloid induction circumstances (50-mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 0.2-M KSCN, 50-mM DTT, 37 °C, 190 rpm). Monitoring aggregates were done using an enhancement in thioflavin T fluorescence and alterations in Congo red absorption. The mutants accelerated fibrillation with subsequently greater fluorescence amplitude and a shorter lag time compared to WT-SOD1. These findings support the aggregation of ALS-associated SOD1 mutants as an integral part of ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Mohammadi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Bagher Seyedalipour
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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4
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La Cognata V, D’Amico AG, Maugeri G, Morello G, Guarnaccia M, Magrì B, Aronica E, Alkon DL, D’Agata V, Cavallaro S. The ε-Isozyme of Protein Kinase C (PKCε) Is Impaired in ALS Motor Cortex and Its Pulse Activation by Bryostatin-1 Produces Long Term Survival in Degenerating SOD1-G93A Motor Neuron-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12825. [PMID: 37629005 PMCID: PMC10454105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a progressive depletion of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord. The aberrant regulation of several PKC-mediated signal transduction pathways in ALS has been characterized so far, describing either impaired expression or altered activity of single PKC isozymes (α, β, ζ and δ). Here, we detailed the distribution and cellular localization of the ε-isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCε) in human postmortem motor cortex specimens and reported a significant decrease in both PKCε mRNA (PRKCE) and protein immunoreactivity in a subset of sporadic ALS patients. We furthermore investigated the steady-state levels of both pan and phosphorylated PKCε in doxycycline-activated NSC-34 cell lines carrying the human wild-type (WT) or mutant G93A SOD1 and the biological long-term effect of its transient agonism by Bryostatin-1. The G93A-SOD1 cells showed a significant reduction of the phosphoPKCε/panPKCε ratio compared to the WT. Moreover, a brief pulse activation of PKCε by Bryostatin-1 produced long-term survival in activated G93A-SOD1 degenerating cells in two different cell death paradigms (serum starvation and chemokines-induced toxicity). Altogether, the data support the implication of PKCε in ALS pathophysiology and suggests its pharmacological modulation as a potential neuroprotective strategy, at least in a subgroup of sporadic ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D’Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Benedetta Magrì
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Velia D’Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Timr S, Sterpone F. Computational Insights into the Unfolding of a Destabilized Superoxide Dismutase 1 Mutant. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1240. [PMID: 34943155 PMCID: PMC8698278 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the β-barrel of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in a mutated form, the isoleucine 35 to alanine (I35A) mutant, commonly used as a model system to decipher the role of the full-length apoSOD1 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is known from experiments that the mutation reduces the stability of the SOD1 barrel and makes it largely unfolded in the cell at 37 degrees Celsius. We deploy state-of-the-art computational machinery to examine the thermal destabilization of the I35A mutant by comparing two widely used force fields, Amber a99SB-disp and CHARMM36m. We find that only the latter force field, when combined with the Replica Exchange with Solute Scaling (REST2) approach, reproduces semi-quantitatively the experimentally observed shift in the melting between the original and the mutated SOD1 barrel. In addition, we analyze the unfolding process and the conformational landscape of the mutant, finding these largely similar to those of the wildtype. Nevertheless, we detect an increased presence of partially misfolded states at ambient temperatures. These states, featuring conformational changes in the region of the β-strands β4-β6, might provide a pathway for nonnative aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Timr
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique (UPR 9080), CNRS, Université de Paris, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique (UPR 9080), CNRS, Université de Paris, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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Stopińska K, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Domitrz I. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis as a Key to Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Mini Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204640. [PMID: 34682763 PMCID: PMC8539144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is closely related to the gastrointestinal tract, mainly through regulating its function and homeostasis. Simultaneously, the gut flora affects the CNS and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of neurologic and neuropsychological disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or autism spectrum disorder. The population of gut microorganisms contains more than one billion bacteria. The most common are six phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinomyces, Verucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, and dominant Bacteroides with Firmicutes. The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional nervous, endocrine, and immune communication between these two organs. They are connected through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, the immune system, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the enteric nervous system, and hormones. Age, diet, antibiotics influence the balance of gut microorganisms and probably lead to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, a review is presented and discussed, with a specific focus on the changes of gut microbiota, gut–brain axis, related disorders, and the factors that influence gut imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stopińska
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225690239
| | - Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-685 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Izabela Domitrz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland;
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7
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Cellular functions of the protein kinase ATM and their relevance to human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:796-814. [PMID: 34429537 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a master regulator of double-strand DNA break (DSB) signalling and stress responses. For three decades, ATM has been investigated extensively to elucidate its roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and in the pathogenesis of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), a human neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of ATM. Although hundreds of proteins have been identified as ATM phosphorylation targets and many important roles for this kinase have been identified, it is still unclear how ATM deficiency leads to the early-onset cerebellar degeneration that is common in all individuals with A-T. Recent studies suggest the existence of links between ATM deficiency and other cerebellum-specific neurological disorders, as well as the existence of broader similarities with more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent structural insights into ATM regulation, and possible aetiologies of A-T phenotypes, including reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in transcription, R-loop metabolism and alternative splicing, defects in cellular proteostasis and metabolism, and potential pathogenic roles for hyper-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
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AAV2/9-mediated overexpression of MIF inhibits SOD1 misfolding, delays disease onset, and extends survival in mouse models of ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14755-14760. [PMID: 31262807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904665116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Transgenic mice that overexpress mutant SOD1 develop paralysis and accumulate misfolded SOD1 onto the cytoplasmic faces of intracellular organelles, including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was shown to directly inhibit mutant SOD1 misfolding and binding to intracellular membranes. In addition, complete elimination of endogenous MIF accelerated disease onset and late disease progression, as well as shortened the lifespan of mutant SOD1 mice with higher amounts of misfolded SOD1 detected within the spinal cord. Based on these findings, we used adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to overexpress MIF in the spinal cord of mutant SOD1G93A and loxSOD1G37R mice. Our data show that MIF mRNA and protein levels were increased in the spinal cords of AAV2/9-MIF-injected mice. Furthermore, mutant SOD1G93A and loxSOD1G37R mice injected with AAV2/9-MIF demonstrated a significant delay in disease onset and prolonged survival compared with their AAV2/9-GFP-injected or noninjected littermates. Moreover, these mice accumulated reduced amounts of misfolded SOD1 in their spinal cords, with no observed effect on glial overactivation as a result of MIF up-regulation. Our findings indicate that MIF plays a significant role in SOD1 folding and misfolding mechanisms and strengthen the hypothesis that MIF acts as a chaperone for misfolded SOD1 in vivo and may have further implications regarding the therapeutic potential role of up-regulation of MIF in modulating the specific accumulation of misfolded SOD1.
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Da Silva ANR, Pereira GRC, Moreira LGA, Rocha CF, De Mesquita JF. SOD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis development - in silico analysis and molecular dynamics of A4F and A4V variants. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17822-17830. [PMID: 31134679 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons. Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with ALS have a family history of the disease, and approximately 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) cases are associated with mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). In this study, we evaluated the structural and functional effects of human A4F and A4V SOD1 protein mutations. We performed an in silico analysis using prediction algorithms of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) associated with the fALS development. Our structural conservation results show that the mutations analyzed (A4V and A4F) were in a highly conserved region. Molecular dynamics simulations using the Linux GROMACS package revealed how these mutations affect protein structure, protein stability, and aggregation. These results suggest that there might be an effect on the SOD1 function. Understanding the molecular basis of disease provides new insights useful for rational drug design and advancing our understanding of the ALS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloma Nogueira Rebello Da Silva
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Giannini Alves Moreira
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catielly Ferreira Rocha
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joelma Freire De Mesquita
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Loeffler DA. Influence of Normal Aging on Brain Autophagy: A Complex Scenario. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:49. [PMID: 30914945 PMCID: PMC6421305 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are pathological findings in some chronic neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Aging is a major risk factor for these disorders, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for clearing misfolded proteins from the brain, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, may decline with age. Although autophagic mechanisms have been found to decrease with age in many experimental models, whether they do so in the brain is unclear. This review examines the literature with regard to age-associated changes in macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in the central nervous system (CNS). Beclin 1, LC3-II, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio have frequently been used to examine changes in macroautophagic activity, while lamp2a and HSPA8 (also known as hsc70) have been used to measure CMA activity. Three gene expression analyses found evidence for an age-related downregulation of macroautophagy in human brain, but no published studies were found of age-related changes in CMA in human brain, although cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of HSPA8 were reported to decrease with age. Most studies of age-related changes in brain autophagy in experimental animals have found age-related declines in macroautophagy, and macroautophagy is necessary for normal lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice. However, the few studies of age-related changes in brain CMA in experimental animals have produced conflicting results. Investigations of the influence of aging on macroautophagy in experimental animals in systems other than the CNS have generally found an age-related decrease in Beclin 1, but conflicting results for LC3-II and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, while CMA decreases with age in most models. CONCLUSION: while indirect evidence suggests that brain autophagy may decrease with normal aging, this issue has not been investigated sufficiently, particularly in human brain. Measuring autophagic activity in the brain can be challenging because of differences in basal autophagic activity between experimental models, and the inability to include lysosomal inhibitors when measuring the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in postmortem specimens. If autophagy does decrease in the brain with aging, then pharmacological interventions and/or lifestyle alterations to slow this decline could reduce the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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11
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Bille A, Jensen KS, Mohanty S, Akke M, Irbäck A. Stability and Local Unfolding of SOD1 in the Presence of Protein Crowders. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1920-1930. [PMID: 30753785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using NMR and Monte Carlo (MC) methods, we investigate the stability and dynamics of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in homogeneous crowding environments, where either bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) or the B1 domain of streptococcal protein G (PGB1) serves as a crowding agent. By NMR, we show that both crowders, and especially BPTI, cause a drastic loss in the overall stability of SOD1 in its apo monomeric form. Additionally, we determine chemical shift perturbations indicating that SOD1 interacts with the crowder proteins in a residue-specific manner that further depends on the identity of the crowding protein. Furthermore, the specificity of SOD1-crowder interactions is reciprocal: chemical shift perturbations on BPTI and PGB1 identify regions that interact preferentially with SOD1. By MC simulations, we investigate the local unfolding of SOD1 in the absence and presence of the crowders. We find that the crowders primarily interact with the long flexible loops of the folded SOD1 monomer. The basic mechanisms by which the SOD1 β-barrel core unfolds remain unchanged when adding the crowders. In particular, both with and without the crowders, the second β-sheet of the barrel is more dynamic and unfolding-prone than the first. Notably, the MC simulations (exploring the early stages of SOD1 unfolding) and the NMR experiments (under equilibrium conditions) identify largely the same set of PGB1 and BPTI residues as prone to form SOD1 contacts. Thus, contacts stabilizing the unfolded state of SOD1 in many cases appear to form early in the unfolding reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bille
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics , Lund University , Sölvegatan 14A , SE-223 62 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kristine Steen Jensen
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Sandipan Mohanty
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre , Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Mikael Akke
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Anders Irbäck
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics , Lund University , Sölvegatan 14A , SE-223 62 Lund , Sweden
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13
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Chaplot K, Pimpale L, Ramalingam B, Deivasigamani S, Kamat SS, Ratnaparkhi GS. SOD1 activity threshold and TOR signalling modulate VAP(P58S) aggregation via reactive oxygen species-induced proteasomal degradation in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.033803. [PMID: 30635270 PMCID: PMC6398501 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable, late-onset motor neuron disease, linked strongly to various causative genetic loci. ALS8 codes for a missense mutation, P56S, in VAMP-associated protein B (VAPB) that causes the protein to misfold and form cellular aggregates. Uncovering genes and mechanisms that affect aggregation dynamics would greatly help increase our understanding of the disease and lead to potential therapeutics. We developed a quantitative high-throughput Drosophila S2R+ cell-based kinetic assay coupled with fluorescent microscopy to score for genes involved in the modulation of aggregates of the fly orthologue, VAP(P58S), fused with GFP. A targeted RNA interference screen against 900 genes identified 150 hits that modify aggregation, including the ALS loci Sod1 and TDP43 (also known as TBPH), as well as genes belonging to the mTOR pathway. Further, a system to measure the extent of VAP(P58S) aggregation in the Drosophila larval brain was developed in order to validate the hits from the cell-based screen. In the larval brain, we find that reduction of SOD1 levels or decreased mTOR signalling reduces aggregation, presumably by increasing the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanism of aggregate clearance is, primarily, proteasomal degradation, which appears to be triggered by an increase in ROS. We have thus uncovered an interesting interplay between SOD1, ROS and mTOR signalling that regulates the dynamics of VAP aggregation. Mechanistic processes underlying such cellular regulatory networks will lead to better understanding of the initiation and progression of ALS.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Chaplot
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Lokesh Pimpale
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | | | | | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Girish S Ratnaparkhi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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Załuski M, Schabikowski J, Schlenk M, Olejarz-Maciej A, Kubas B, Karcz T, Kuder K, Latacz G, Zygmunt M, Synak D, Hinz S, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Novel multi-target directed ligands based on annelated xanthine scaffold with aromatic substituents acting on adenosine receptor and monoamine oxidase B. Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1195-1210. [PMID: 30808606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N9-Benzyl-substituted imidazo-, pyrimido- and 1,3-diazepino[2,1-f]purinediones were designed as dual-target-directed ligands combining A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonistic activity with blockade of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). A library of 37 novel compounds was synthesized and biologically evaluated in radioligand binding studies at AR subtypes and for their ability to inhibit MAO-B. A systematic modification of the tricyclic structures based on a xanthine core by enlargement of the third heterocyclic ring or attachment of various substituted benzyl moieties resulted in the development of 9-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (9u; Ki human A2AAR: 189 nM and IC50 human MAO-B: 570 nM) as the most potent dual acting ligand of the series displaying high selectivity versus related targets. Moreover, some potent, selective MAO-B inhibitors were identified in the group of pyrimido- and 1,3-diazepino[2,1-f]purinediones. Compound 10d (10-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-[1,3]diazepino[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,6H)-dione) displayed an IC50 value at human MAO-B of 83 nM. Analysis of structure-activity relationships was complemented by molecular docking studies based on previously published X-ray structures of the protein targets. An extended biological profile was determined for selected compounds including in vitro evaluation of potential hepatotoxicity calculated in silico and antioxidant properties as an additional desirable activity. The new molecules acting as dual target drugs may provide symptomatic relief as well as disease-modifying effects for neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miriam Schlenk
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kubas
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - David Synak
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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15
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Cantini F, Calderone V, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Korsak M, Gonnelli L, Francesconi O, Ghelardini C, Banci L, Nativi C. Interaction of Half Oxa-/Half cis-Platin Complex with Human Superoxide Dismutase and Induced Reduction of Neurotoxicity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1094-1098. [PMID: 30429951 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of amorphous protein aggregates containing human superoxide dismutase (hSOD1) is thought to be involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis onset. cis-Platin inhibits the oligomerization of apo hSOD1, but its toxicity precludes any possible use in therapy. Herein, we propose a less toxic platinum complex, namely oxa/cis-platin, as hSOD1 antiaggregation lead compound. Oxa/cis-platin is able to interact with hSOD1 in the disulfide oxidized apo form by binding cysteine 111 (Cys111). The mild neurotoxic phenomena induced in vitro and in vivo by oxa/cis-platin can be successfully reverted by using lypoyl derivatives, which do not interfere with the antiaggregation properties of the platin derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Vito Calderone
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | | | - Magdalena Korsak
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Leonardo Gonnelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, v.le Pieraccini, 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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16
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TFE-induced local unfolding and fibrillation of SOD1: bridging the experiment and simulation studies. Biochem J 2018; 475:1701-1719. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of Cu, Zn Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is involved in the neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Many studies have shown that metal-depleted, monomeric form of SOD1 displays substantial local unfolding dynamics and is the precursor for aggregation. Here, we have studied the structure and dynamics of different apo monomeric SOD1 variants associated with unfolding and aggregation in aqueous trifluoroethanol (TFE) through experiments and simulation. TFE induces partially unfolded β-sheet-rich extended conformations in these SOD1 variants, which subsequently develops aggregates with fibril-like characteristics. Fibrillation was achieved more easily in disulfide-reduced monomeric SOD1 when compared with wild-type and mutant monomeric SOD1. At higher concentrations of TFE, a native-like structure with the increase in α-helical content was observed. The molecular dynamics simulation results illustrate distinct structural dynamics for different regions of SOD1 variants and show uniform local unfolding of β-strands. The strands protected by the zinc-binding and electrostatic loops were found to unfold first in 20% (v/v) TFE, leading to a partial unfolding of β-strands 4, 5, and 6 which are prone to aggregation. Our results thus shed light on the role of local unfolding and conformational dynamics in SOD1 misfolding and aggregation.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Zhang H, Li Y, Cui C, Sun T, Han J, Zhang D, Lu C, Zhou J, Cheong L, Li Y, Su X. Modulation of gut microbiota by dietary supplementation with tuna oil and algae oil alleviates the effects of D-galactose-induced ageing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2791-2801. [PMID: 29417197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dietary supplementation with tuna oil and algae oil can alleviate the effects of ageing on learning and memory in mouse models, but the mechanism of this effect remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether dietary oil supplementation alters the composition of the gut microbiota during the prevention of age-related effects on cognition. Ageing mice received dietary oil supplementation continuously for 12 weeks. The supplementation was found to improve the animals' learning and cognition, and this effect was most marked in the TO200AO400 group, which received a 1:2 mixture of tuna oil and algae oil at 600 mg kg-1 day-1. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene present in faecal samples showed that the gut microbiota varied in the groups that received different oil treatments; the TO200AO400 treatment most closely restored the composition of the D-galactose-altered gut microbiota to that of the control. Moreover, 83 altered operational taxonomic units (OTUs) responsive to dietary oil supplementation were identified; five of these differed in one or more parameters associated with host ageing. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effect of dietary oil supplementation on the alleviation of age-related decline in cognitive function and showed that oil supplementation results in alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Further research will be needed to elucidate the causal relationship between the reversal of age-related cognitive decline and gut microbiota modulation and to explore the potential of gut microbial communities as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chenxi Cui
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi Cheong
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Torbick N, Ziniti B, Stommel E, Linder E, Andrew A, Caller T, Haney J, Bradley W, Henegan PL, Shi X. Assessing Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms as Risk Factors for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:199-212. [PMID: 28470570 PMCID: PMC5727154 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reoccurring seasonal cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) persist in many waters, and recent work has shown links between CHAB and elevated risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Quantifying the exposure levels of CHAB as a potential risk factor for ALS is complicated by human mobility, potential pathways, and data availability. In this work, we develop phycocyanin concentration (i.e., CHAB exposure) maps using satellite remote sensing across northern New England to assess relationships with ALS cases using a spatial epidemiological approach. Strategic semi-analytical regression models integrated Landsat and in situ observations to map phycocyanin concentration (PC) for all lakes greater than 8 ha (n = 4117) across the region. Then, systematic versions of a Bayesian Poisson Log-linear model were fit to assess the mapped PC as a risk factor for ALS while accounting for model uncertainty and modifiable area unit problems. The satellite remote sensing of PC had strong overall ability to map conditions (adj. R2, 0.86; RMSE, 11.92) and spatial variability across the region. PC tended to be positively associated with ALS risk with the level of significance depending on fixed model components. Meta-analysis shows that when average PC exposure is 100 μg/L, an all model average odds ratio is 1.48, meaning there is about a 48% increase in average ALS risk. This research generated the first regionally comprehensive map of PC for thousands of lakes and integrated robust spatial uncertainty. The outcomes support the hypothesis that cyanotoxins increase the risk of ALS, which helps our understanding of the etiology of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Torbick
- Applied Geosolutions, 55 Main St, Suite 125, Newmarket, NH, 03857, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Beth Ziniti
- Applied Geosolutions, 55 Main St, Suite 125, Newmarket, NH, 03857, USA
| | - Elijah Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ernst Linder
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | - Tracie Caller
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jim Haney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Walter Bradley
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Xun Shi
- Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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20
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Michaelson N, Facciponte D, Bradley W, Stommel E. Cytokine expression levels in ALS: A potential link between inflammation and BMAA-triggered protein misfolding. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:81-88. [PMID: 28532674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that proinflammatory cytokines play a complex and important role in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To help facilitate future discoveries and more effective treatment strategies, we highlight the role that both innate and adaptive immune systems play in ALS and summarize the main observations that relate to cytokine expression levels in this disease. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism by which a known neurotoxin, β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), may trigger this cytokine expression profile through motor neuron protein misfolding and subsequent NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Michaelson
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | | | - Walter Bradley
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elijah Stommel
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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21
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Giffin JC, Richards RC, Craft C, Jahan N, Leggiadro C, Chopin T, Szemerda M, MacKinnon SL, Ewart KV. An extract of the marine alga Alaria esculenta modulates α-synuclein folding and amyloid formation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 644:87-93. [PMID: 28237800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of α-synuclein from its natively unfolded and α-helical tetrameric forms to an amyloid conformation is central to the emergence of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, prevention of this conversion may offer an effective way of avoiding the onset of this disease or delaying its progress. At different concentrations, an aqueous extract from the edible winged kelp (Alaria esculenta), was shown to lower and to raise the melting point of α-synuclein. Size fractionation of the extract resulted in the separation of these distinct activities. The fraction below 5kDa decreased the melting point of α-synuclein, whereas the fraction above 10kDa raised the melting point. Both of these fractions were found to inhibit the formation of amyloid aggregates by α-synuclein, measured by thioflavin T dye-binding assays; this effect was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy showing the inhibition of fibril formation. Circular dichroism analysis suggested that the incubation of α-synuclein under fibrillation conditions resulted in the loss of substantial native helical structure in the presence and absence of the fractions. It is therefore likely that the fractions inhibit fibrillation by interacting with the unfolded form of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Giffin
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robert C Richards
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council,Sandy Cove Road, Ketch Harbour, NS B3 V 1K9, Canada
| | - Cheryl Craft
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council,1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council,1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Cindy Leggiadro
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council,Sandy Cove Road, Ketch Harbour, NS B3 V 1K9, Canada
| | - Thierry Chopin
- Canadian Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Network, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Michael Szemerda
- Cooke Aquaculture Inc., 874 Main St, Blacks Harbour, NB E5H 1E6, Canada
| | - Shawna L MacKinnon
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council,1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - K Vanya Ewart
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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22
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Cu II(atsm) improves the neurological phenotype and survival of SOD1 G93A mice and selectively increases enzymatically active SOD1 in the spinal cord. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42292. [PMID: 28205575 PMCID: PMC5304223 DOI: 10.1038/srep42292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous expression of mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) selectively affects motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), causing the adult-onset degenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The CNS-specific impact of ubiquitous mutant SOD1 expression is recapitulated in transgenic mouse models of the disease. Here we present outcomes for the metallo-complex CuII(atsm) tested for therapeutic efficacy in mice expressing SOD1G93A on a mixed genetic background. Oral administration of CuII(atsm) delayed the onset of neurological symptoms, improved locomotive capacity and extended overall survival. Although the ALS-like phenotype of SOD1G93A mice is instigated by expression of the mutant SOD1, we show the improved phenotype of the CuII(atsm)-treated animals involves an increase in mature mutant SOD1 protein in the disease-affected spinal cord, where concomitant increases in copper and SOD1 activity are also evident. In contrast to these effects in the spinal cord, treating with CuII(atsm) had no effect in liver on either mutant SOD1 protein levels or its activity, indicating a CNS-selective SOD1 response to the drug. These data provide support for CuII(atsm) as a treatment option for ALS as well as insight to the CNS-selective effects of mutant SOD1.
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23
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Liang C, Liu X, Chen C, Chen X, Cai C. Vitro toxicity assessments of nano-ZnS on bovine serum albumin by multispectroscopic methods. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Measuring protein damaged by nanomaterials may give insight into the mechanisms of toxicity of nanomaterials. The toxic effects of nano-ZnS, nano-Al2O3, nano-ZnCO3, and nano-SiO2 on bovine serum albumin (BSA) were thoroughly studied by multispectroscopic methods, including resonance light scattering, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, etc., and the most obvious changes were observed when nano-ZnS interacted with BSA among the four nanoparticles. The experimental results showed that nano-ZnS can bind with BSA to form a complex when the conjugating ratio is 1:1. nano-ZnS can alter the structure of BSA, leading to a loosening of the protein skeleton, and therefore, the internal hydrophobic amino acids are exposed in the loose structure, which indicated that nano-ZnS has an obvious toxic effect on BSA. This work provides a new perspective and method for determining the toxic effects of nanomaterials on biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Changqun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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24
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Mutant PFN1 causes ALS phenotypes and progressive motor neuron degeneration in mice by a gain of toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6209-E6218. [PMID: 27681617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605964113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the profilin 1 (PFN1) gene cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis and eventually death. PFN1 is a small actin-binding protein that promotes formin-based actin polymerization and regulates numerous cellular functions, but how the mutations in PFN1 cause ALS is unclear. To investigate this problem, we have generated transgenic mice expressing either the ALS-associated mutant (C71G) or wild-type protein. Here, we report that mice expressing the mutant, but not the wild-type, protein had relentless progression of motor neuron loss with concomitant progressive muscle weakness ending in paralysis and death. Furthermore, mutant, but not wild-type, PFN1 forms insoluble aggregates, disrupts cytoskeletal structure, and elevates ubiquitin and p62/SQSTM levels in motor neurons. Unexpectedly, the acceleration of motor neuron degeneration precedes the accumulation of mutant PFN1 aggregates. These results suggest that although mutant PFN1 aggregation may contribute to neurodegeneration, it does not trigger its onset. Importantly, these experiments establish a progressive disease model that can contribute toward identifying the mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic treatments.
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25
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Jesus CSH, Almeida ZL, Vaz DC, Faria TQ, Brito RMM. A New Folding Kinetic Mechanism for Human Transthyretin and the Influence of the Amyloidogenic V30M Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1428. [PMID: 27589730 PMCID: PMC5037707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation into insoluble amyloid fibrils is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, chief among them Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Although caused by different proteins, these pathologies share some basic molecular mechanisms with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a rare hereditary neuropathy caused by amyloid formation and deposition by transthyretin (TTR) in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Among the amyloidogenic TTR mutations known, V30M-TTR is the most common in FAP. TTR amyloidogenesis (ATTR) is triggered by tetramer dissociation, followed by partial unfolding and aggregation of the low conformational stability monomers formed. Thus, tetramer dissociation kinetics, monomer conformational stability and competition between refolding and aggregation pathways do play a critical role in ATTR. Here, we propose a new model to analyze the refolding kinetics of WT-TTR and V30M-TTR, showing that at pH and protein concentrations close to physiological, a two-step mechanism with a unimolecular first step followed by a second-order second step adjusts well to the experimental data. Interestingly, although sharing the same kinetic mechanism, V30M-TTR refolds at a much slower rate than WT-TTR, a feature that may favor the formation of transient species leading to kinetic partition into amyloidogenic pathways and, thus, significantly increasing the probability of amyloid formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S H Jesus
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Zaida L Almeida
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Daniela C Vaz
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, Leiria 2411-901, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Q Faria
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Rui M M Brito
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
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Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1006-1023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heusinkveld HJ, Wahle T, Campbell A, Westerink RHS, Tran L, Johnston H, Stone V, Cassee FR, Schins RPF. Neurodegenerative and neurological disorders by small inhaled particles. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:94-106. [PMID: 27448464 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is steadily ageing and as a result, health conditions related to ageing, such as dementia, have become a major public health concern. In 2001, it was estimated that there were almost 5 million Europeans suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this figure has been projected to almost double by 2040. About 40% of people over 85 suffer from AD, and another 10% from Parkinson's disease (PD). The majority of AD and PD cases are of sporadic origin and environmental factors play an important role in the aetiology. Epidemiological research identified airborne particulate matter (PM) as one of the environmental factors potentially involved in AD and PD pathogenesis. Also, cumulating evidence demonstrates that the smallest sizes of the inhalable fraction of ambient particulate matter, also referred to as ultrafine particulate matter or nano-sized particles, are capable of inducing effects beyond the respiratory system. Translocation of very small particles via the olfactory epithelium in the nose or via uptake into the circulation has been demonstrated through experimental rodent studies with engineered nanoparticles. Outdoor air pollution has been linked to several health effects including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that may ultimately result in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between exposure to inhaled ambient particles and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm J Heusinkveld
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, The Netherlands; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group.
| | - Tina Wahle
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group
| | - Arezoo Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; AIR pollutants and Brain Aging research Group
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28
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Smeller L. Folding superfunnel to describe cooperative folding of interacting proteins. Proteins 2016; 84:1009-16. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László Smeller
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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29
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wojciechowski M, Gómez-Sicilia À, Carrión-Vázquez M, Cieplak M. Unfolding knots by proteasome-like systems: simulations of the behaviour of folded and neurotoxic proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2700-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Knots in proteins have been proposed to resist proteasomal degradation, thought in turn to be related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Àngel Gómez-Sicilia
- Instituto Cajal
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- (CSIC)
- 28002 Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Marek Cieplak
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- PL-02668 Warsaw
- Poland
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31
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Garcia-Manyes S, Giganti D, Badilla CL, Lezamiz A, Perales-Calvo J, Beedle AEM, Fernández JM. Single-molecule Force Spectroscopy Predicts a Misfolded, Domain-swapped Conformation in human γD-Crystallin Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4226-35. [PMID: 26703476 PMCID: PMC4759196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract is a protein misfolding disease where the size of the aggregate is directly related to the severity of the disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger the onset of aggregation remain unknown. Here we use a combination of protein engineering techniques and single-molecule force spectroscopy using atomic force microscopy to study the individual unfolding pathways of the human γD-crystallin, a multidomain protein that must remain correctly folded during the entire lifetime to guarantee lens transparency. When stretching individual polyproteins containing two neighboring HγD-crystallin monomers, we captured an anomalous misfolded conformation in which the β1 and β2 strands of the N terminus domain of two adjacent monomers swap. This experimentally elusive domain-swapped conformation is likely to be responsible for the increase in molecular aggregation that we measure in vitro. Our results demonstrate the power of force spectroscopy at capturing rare misfolded conformations with potential implications for the understanding of the molecular onset of protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- From the Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom and
| | - David Giganti
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Carmen L Badilla
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Ainhoa Lezamiz
- From the Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom and
| | - Judit Perales-Calvo
- From the Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom and
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- From the Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom and
| | - Julio M Fernández
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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32
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Ngo S, Steyn F, Huang L, Mantovani S, Pfluger C, Woodruff T, O'Sullivan J, Henderson R, McCombe P. Altered expression of metabolic proteins and adipokines in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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A Multiscale Mapping Assessment of Lake Champlain Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11560-78. [PMID: 26389930 PMCID: PMC4586691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lake Champlain has bays undergoing chronic cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms that pose a public health threat. Monitoring and assessment tools need to be developed to support risk decision making and to gain a thorough understanding of bloom scales and intensities. In this research application, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Rapid Eye, and Proba Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) images were obtained while a corresponding field campaign collected in situ measurements of water quality. Models including empirical band ratio regressions were applied to map chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin concentrations; all sensors performed well with R2 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.76 to 0.88 and 0.42 to 1.51, respectively. The outcomes showed spatial patterns across the lake with problematic bays having phycocyanin concentrations >25 µg/L. An alert status metric tuned to the current monitoring protocol was generated using modeled water quality to illustrate how the remote sensing tools can inform a public health monitoring system. Among the sensors utilized in this study, Landsat 8 OLI holds the most promise for providing exposure information across a wide area given the resolutions, systematic observation strategy and free cost.
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Zhang Y, O'Brien WG, Zhao Z, Lee CC. 5'-adenosine monophosphate mediated cooling treatment enhances ΔF508-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) stability in vivo. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:72. [PMID: 26335336 PMCID: PMC4559075 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene mutations that produce misprocessed proteins are linked to many human disorders. Interestingly, some misprocessed proteins retained their biological function when stabilized by low temperature treatment of cultured cells in vitro. Here we investigate whether low temperature treatment in vivo can rescue misfolded proteins by applying 5’-AMP mediated whole body cooling to a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) mouse model carrying a mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) with a deletion of the phenylalanine residue in position 508 (ΔF508-CFTR). Low temperature treatment of cultured cells was previously shown to be able to alleviate the processing defect of ΔF508-CFTR, enhancing its plasma membrane localization and its function in mediating chloride ion transport. Results Here, we report that whole body cooling enhanced the retention of ΔF508-CFTR in intestinal epithelial cells. Functional analysis based on β-adrenergic dependent salivary secretion and post-natal mortality rate revealed a moderate but significant improvement in treated compared with untreated CF mice. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that temperature sensitive processing of mutant proteins can be responsive to low temperature treatment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William G O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Chi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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35
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Wang MD, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Little J, Krewski D. A meta-analysis of observational studies of the association between chronic occupational exposure to lead and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 56:1235-42. [PMID: 25479292 PMCID: PMC4243803 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between occupational exposure to lead and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was examined through systematic review and meta-analyses of relevant epidemiological studies and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. METHODS Relevant studies were searched in multiple bibliographic databases through September 2013; additional articles were tracked through PubMed until submission. All records were screened in DistillerSR, and the data extracted from included articles were synthesized with meta-analysis. RESULTS The risk of developing ALS among individuals with a history of exposure to lead was almost doubled (odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.36) on the basis of nine included case-control studies with specific lead exposure information, with no apparent heterogeneity across included studies (I = 14%). The attributable risk of ALS because of exposure to lead was estimated to be 5%. CONCLUSIONS Previous exposure to lead may be a risk factor for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dong Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (Drs Wang, Gomes, Little, and Krewski), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Medicine (Dr Cashman), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Baseline physiological function of the mammalian heart is under the constant threat of environmental or intrinsic pathological insults. Cardiomyocyte proteins are thus subject to unremitting pressure to function optimally, and this depends on them assuming and maintaining proper conformation. This review explores the multiple defenses a cell may use for its proteins to assume and maintain correct protein folding and conformation. There are multiple quality control mechanisms to ensure that nascent polypeptides are properly folded and mature proteins maintain their functional conformation. When proteins do misfold, either in the face of normal or pathological stimuli or because of intrinsic mutations or post-translational modifications, they must either be refolded correctly or recycled. In the absence of these corrective processes, they may become toxic to the cell. Herein, we explore some of the underlying mechanisms that lead to proteotoxicity. The continued presence and chronic accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins can be disastrous in cardiomyocytes because these misfolded proteins can lead to aggregation or the formation of soluble peptides that are proteotoxic. This in turn leads to compromised protein quality control and precipitating a downward spiral of the cell's ability to maintain protein homeostasis. Some underlying mechanisms are discussed and the therapeutic potential of interfering with proteotoxicity in the heart is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McLendon
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH.
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37
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Abdel-Haq H. Detection of water-soluble disease-associated PrP species in blood and brain of scrapie-infected hamster. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2219-29. [PMID: 26105967 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The high-speed supernatant (S(HS)) of scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenate contains a soluble infectivity similar to that of the plasma that escapes leukodepletion and can transmit prion infection. This recent finding highlights the fact that soluble prion infectivity could be relevant for prion disease propagation and progression. PrP(Sc) is essential in prion disease pathogenesis, but little to nothing is known about the PrP(Sc) species that may be associated with this form of prion infectivity. Scrapie-infected hamster plasma and S(HS) were subjected to biochemical analysis, and the results demonstrate for the first time that soluble infectivity is associated with a water-soluble PrP(Sc) species with substantially different properties from classical PrP(Sc), the concentration of which seems to correlate with the magnitude and efficiency of the soluble infectivity. Such characteristics suggest that this species might represent the soluble prion agent itself or its vehicle, highlighting the need to adequately revise the strategies involved in prion removal, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Abdel-Haq
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy,
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38
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Brock KP, Abraham AC, Amen T, Kaganovich D, England JL. Structural Basis for Modulation of Quality Control Fate in a Marginally Stable Protein. Structure 2015; 23:1169-78. [PMID: 26027734 PMCID: PMC4509718 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor is a marginally stable protein previously used as a model substrate of eukaryotic refolding and degradation pathways. When expressed in the absence of its cofactors, VHL cannot fold and is quickly degraded by the quality control machinery of the cell. We combined computational methods with in vivo experiments to examine the basis of the misfolding propensity of VHL. By expressing a set of randomly mutated VHL sequences in yeast, we discovered a more stable mutant form. Subsequent modeling suggested the mutation had caused a conformational change affecting cofactor and chaperone interaction, and this hypothesis was then confirmed by additional knockout and overexpression experiments targeting a yeast cofactor homolog. These findings offer a detailed structural basis for the modulation of quality control fate in a model misfolded protein and highlight burial mode modeling as a rapid means to detect functionally important conformational changes in marginally stable globular domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Brock
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ayelet-chen Abraham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Triana Amen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Jeremy L England
- Physics of Living Systems Group, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 400 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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39
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Uversky VN. Intrinsically disordered proteins and their (disordered) proteomes in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:18. [PMID: 25784874 PMCID: PMC4345837 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA ; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino, Russia ; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
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40
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Hossini AM, Megges M, Prigione A, Lichtner B, Toliat MR, Wruck W, Schröter F, Nuernberg P, Kroll H, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC, Zoubouliss CC, Adjaye J. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cells from a sporadic Alzheimer's disease donor as a model for investigating AD-associated gene regulatory networks. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:84. [PMID: 25765079 PMCID: PMC4344782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. At present there are neither reliable markers to diagnose AD at an early stage nor therapy. To investigate underlying disease mechanisms, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow the generation of patient-derived neuronal cells in a dish. Results In this study, employing iPS technology, we derived and characterized iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts of an 82-year-old female patient affected by sporadic AD. The AD-iPSCs were differentiated into neuronal cells, in order to generate disease-specific protein association networks modeling the molecular pathology on the transcriptome level of AD, to analyse the reflection of the disease phenotype in gene expression in AD-iPS neuronal cells, in particular in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and to address expression of typical AD proteins. We detected the expression of p-tau and GSK3B, a physiological kinase of tau, in neuronal cells derived from AD-iPSCs. Treatment of neuronal cells differentiated from AD-iPSCs with an inhibitor of γ-secretase resulted in the down-regulation of p-tau. Transcriptome analysis of AD-iPS derived neuronal cells revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with AD and with the constitutive as well as the inducible subunits of the proteasome complex. The neuronal cells expressed numerous genes associated with sub-regions within the brain thus suggesting the usefulness of our in-vitro model. Moreover, an AD-related protein interaction network composed of APP and GSK3B among others could be generated using neuronal cells differentiated from two AD-iPS cell lines. Conclusions Our study demonstrates how an iPSC-based model system could represent (i) a tool to study the underlying molecular basis of sporadic AD, (ii) a platform for drug screening and toxicology studies which might unveil novel therapeutic avenues for this debilitating neuronal disorder. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1262-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Matthias Megges
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Current address: Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert Roessle Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Lichtner
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mohammad R Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Nuernberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Kroll
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dessau, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service NSTOB, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Eugenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany. .,Geriatrics Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Reinickendorfer Str. 61, 13447, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Christos C Zoubouliss
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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41
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Xu G, Fromholt S, Ayers JI, Brown H, Siemienski Z, Crosby KW, Mayer CA, Janus C, Borchelt DR. Substantially elevating the levels of αB-crystallin in spinal motor neurons of mutant SOD1 mice does not significantly delay paralysis or attenuate mutant protein aggregation. J Neurochem 2015; 133:452-64. [PMID: 25557022 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been great interest in enhancing endogenous protein maintenance pathways such as the heat-shock chaperone response, as it is postulated that enhancing clearance of misfolded proteins could have beneficial disease modifying effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders. In cultured cell models of mutant SOD1 aggregation, co-expression of αB-crystallin (αB-crys) has been shown to inhibit the formation of detergent-insoluble forms of mutant protein. Here, we describe the generation of a new line of transgenic mice that express αB-crys at > 6-fold the normal level in spinal cord, with robust increases in immunoreactivity throughout the spinal cord grey matter and, specifically, in spinal motor neurons. Surprisingly, spinal cords of mice expressing αB-crys alone contained 20% more motor neurons per section than littermate controls. Raising αB-crys by these levels in mice transgenic for either G93A or L126Z mutant SOD1 had no effect on the age at which paralysis developed. In the G93A mice, which showed the most robust degree of motor neuron loss, the number of these cells declined by the same proportion as in mice expressing the mutant SOD1 alone. In paralyzed bigenic mice, the levels of detergent-insoluble, misfolded, mutant SOD1 were similar to those of mice expressing mutant SOD1 alone. These findings indicate that raising the levels of αB-crys in spinal motor neurons by 6-fold does not produce the therapeutic effects predicted by cell culture models of mutant SOD1 aggregation. Enhancing the protein chaperone function may present a therapeutic approach to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutations in SOD1, and other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cytosolic protein aggregation. Previous studies in cell models suggested that the chaperone known as αB-crystallin (αB-crys) can prevent mutant SOD1 aggregation. We report that transgenic expression of αB-crys at > 6-fold the normal level in spinal cords of mice expressing mutant SOD1 produces no therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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42
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Shin JY, Lee KW. Diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2015. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2015.58.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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43
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In-cell NMR reveals potential precursor of toxic species from SOD1 fALS mutants. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5502. [PMID: 25429517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are related to familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). Here we exploit in-cell NMR to characterize the protein folding and maturation of a series of fALS-linked SOD1 mutants in human cells and to obtain insight into their behaviour in the cellular context, at the molecular level. The effect of various mutations on SOD1 maturation are investigated by changing the availability of metal ions in the cells, and by coexpressing the copper chaperone for SOD1, hCCS. We observe for most of the mutants the occurrence of an unstructured SOD1 species, unable to bind zinc. This species may be a common precursor of potentially toxic oligomeric species, that are associated with fALS. Coexpression of hCCS in the presence of copper restores the correct maturation of the SOD1 mutants and prevents the formation of the unstructured species, confirming that hCCS also acts as a molecular chaperone.
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44
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TDP-43 toxicity proceeds via calcium dysregulation and necrosis in aging Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons. J Neurosci 2014; 34:12093-103. [PMID: 25186754 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2495-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous disease with either sporadic or genetic origins characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. At the cellular level, ALS neurons show protein misfolding and aggregation phenotypes. Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has recently been shown to be associated with ALS, but the early pathophysiological deficits causing impairment in motor function are unknown. Here we used Caenorhabditis elegans expressing mutant TDP-43(A315T) in motor neurons and explored the potential influences of calcium (Ca(2+)). Using chemical and genetic approaches to manipulate the release of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+)stores, we observed that the reduction of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) rescued age-dependent paralysis and prevented the neurodegeneration of GABAergic motor neurons. Our data implicate elevated [Ca(2+)]i as a driver of TDP-43-mediated neuronal toxicity. Furthermore, we discovered that neuronal degeneration is independent of the executioner caspase CED-3, but instead requires the activity of the Ca(2+)-regulated calpain protease TRA-3, and the aspartyl protease ASP-4. Finally, chemically blocking protease activity protected against mutant TDP-43(A315T)-associated neuronal toxicity. This work both underscores the potential of the C. elegans system to identify key targets for therapeutic intervention and suggests that a focused effort to regulate ER Ca(2+) release and necrosis-like degeneration consequent to neuronal injury may be of clinical importance.
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45
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De Genst E, Messer A, Dobson CM. Antibodies and protein misfolding: From structural research tools to therapeutic strategies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1907-1919. [PMID: 25194824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding disorders, including the neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent one of the major medical challenges or our time. The underlying molecular mechanisms that govern protein misfolding and its links with disease are very complex processes, involving the formation of transiently populated but highly toxic molecular species within the crowded environment of the cell and tissue. Nevertheless, much progress has been made in understanding these events in recent years through innovative experiments and therapeutic strategies, and in this review we present an overview of the key roles of antibodies and antibody fragments in these endeavors. We discuss in particular how these species are being used in combination with a variety of powerful biochemical and biophysical methodologies, including a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques applied not just in vitro but also in situ and in vivo, both to gain a better understanding of the mechanistic nature of protein misfolding and aggregation and also to design novel therapeutic strategies to combat the family of diseases with which they are associated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin De Genst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Anne Messer
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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46
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Wang MD, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Little J, Krewski D. Intermediate CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene is a unique genetic risk factor for ALS--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105534. [PMID: 25148523 PMCID: PMC4141758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare degenerative condition of the motor neurons. Over 10% of ALS cases are linked to monogenic mutations, with the remainder thought to be due to other risk factors, including environmental factors, genetic polymorphisms, and possibly gene-environmental interactions. We examined the association between ALS and an intermediate CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene using a meta-analytic approach. Observational studies were searched with relevant disease and gene terms from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from January 2010 through to January 2014. All identified articles were screened using disease terms, gene terms, population information, and CAG repeat information according to PRISMA guidelines. The final list of 17 articles was further evaluated based on the study location, time period, and authors to exclude multiple usage of the same study populations: 13 relevant articles were retained for this study. The range 30-33 CAG repeats in the ATXN2 gene was most strongly associated with ALS. The meta-analysis revealed that the presence of an intermediate CAG repeat (30-33) in the ATXN2 gene was associated with an increased risk of ALS [odds ratio (OR) = 4.44, 95%CI: 2.91-6.76)] in Caucasian ALS patients. There was no significant difference in the association of this CAG intermediate repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene between familial ALS cases (OR = 3.59, 1.58-8.17) and sporadic ALS cases (OR = 3.16, 1.88-5.32). These results indicate that the presence of intermediate CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene is a specific genetic risk factor for ALS, unlike monogenic mutations with an autosomal dominant transmission mode, which cause a more severe phenotype of ALS, with a higher prevalence in familial ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Gomes
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Uversky VN. Wrecked regulation of intrinsically disordered proteins in diseases: pathogenicity of deregulated regulators. Front Mol Biosci 2014; 1:6. [PMID: 25988147 PMCID: PMC4428494 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active proteins without stable tertiary structure are common in all known proteomes. Functions of these intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are typically related to regulation, signaling, and control. Cellular levels of these important regulators are tightly regulated by a variety mechanisms ranging from firmly controlled expression to precisely targeted degradation. Functions of IDPs are controlled by binding to specific partners, alternative splicing, and posttranslational modifications among other means. In the norm, right amounts of precisely activated IDPs have to be present in right time at right places. Wrecked regulation brings havoc to the ordered world of disordered proteins, leading to protein misfolding, misidentification, and missignaling that give rise to numerous human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Among factors inducing pathogenic transformations of IDPs are various cellular mechanisms, such as chromosomal translocations, damaged splicing, altered expression, frustrated posttranslational modifications, aberrant proteolytic degradation, and defective trafficking. This review presents some of the aspects of deregulated regulation of IDPs leading to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA ; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
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48
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Savol AJ, Chennubhotla CS. Quantifying the Sources of Kinetic Frustration in Folding Simulations of Small Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2964-2974. [PMID: 25136267 PMCID: PMC4132847 DOI: 10.1021/ct500361w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Experiments
and atomistic simulations of polypeptides have revealed
structural intermediates that promote or inhibit conformational transitions
to the native state during folding. We invoke a concept of “kinetic
frustration” to quantify the prevalence and impact of these
behaviors on folding rates within a large set of atomistic simulation
data for 10 fast-folding proteins, where each protein’s conformational
space is represented as a Markov state model of conformational transitions.
Our graph theoretic approach addresses what conformational features
correlate with folding inhibition and therefore permits comparison
among features within a single protein network and also more generally
between proteins. Nonnative contacts and nonnative secondary structure
formation can thus be quantitatively implicated in inhibiting folding
for several of the tested peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej J Savol
- Dept. of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States ; Joint Carnegie Mellon University-University of Pittsburgh PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Chakra S Chennubhotla
- Dept. of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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49
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Sheng Y, Abreu IA, Cabelli DE, Maroney MJ, Miller AF, Teixeira M, Valentine JS. Superoxide dismutases and superoxide reductases. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3854-918. [PMID: 24684599 PMCID: PMC4317059 DOI: 10.1021/cr4005296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Isabel A. Abreu
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República,
Qta. do Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional,
Edificio IBET/ITQB, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Cabelli
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Michael J. Maroney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anne-Frances Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Miguel Teixeira
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joan Selverstone Valentine
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioinspired Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hill JM, Bhattacharjee S, Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. The gastrointestinal tract microbiome and potential link to Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2014; 5:43. [PMID: 24772103 PMCID: PMC3983497 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | | | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Alchem Biotek , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA
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