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Sondhia S, Pawar DV, Dasari S. Degradation dynamics, correlations, and residues of carfentrazone-ethyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, and pinoxaden under the continuous application in the wheat field. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8851-8865. [PMID: 36700995 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Weed infestation is a major biotic limitations in wheat cultivation; thus, various herbicides are being applied to control these weeds. Therefore, this study was undertaken for two successive years to assess degradation behaviours, persistence and residue risk imposed by carfentrazone, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and pinoxaden sprayed as post-emergence herbicides in the wheat crop for management of weeds. Soil and crop samples were collected at periodically at after two hour of herbicide application till harvest of wheat crop and analysed by a high-performance liquid chromatograph. Degradation of carfentrazone, pinoxaden and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, in the soil of wheat field occurred rapid to moderately with the mean half-life 9.92, 11.7 and 11.8 days, respectively. Persistence was found to be dependent on the weather parameters as well as physicochemical properties of the soil and herbicides. Half-life of studied herbicides was found to be negatively correlated with persistence (R2 0.38, p = 0.05, n = 3) and vapour pressure (R2 0.99, p = 0.05, n = 3). Principal component analysis revealed that the first two Principal Components (PCs) had eigenvalues more than 1, and the first and second PCs contributed 77.4 and 22.6% in herbicide residues and different parameters variation, respectively. Terminal residues of carfentrazone, pinoxaden and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in the wheat straw, grains and soil were found below the maximum residue limits. Owing to the moderate persistence under wheat field conditions, carfentrazone, pinoxaden and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl are supposed to be safe for control of weeds in wheat crop and hence, suspected risk on the human and environment or crop produce under evaluated doses is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Sondhia
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, M.P, India.
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2
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Tretyakova A, Grudanov N, Kondratkov P, Baranova O, Luneva N, Mysnik Y, Khasanova G, Yamalov S, Lebedeva M. A database of weed plants in the European part of Russia. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e59176. [PMID: 33192154 PMCID: PMC7606405 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e59176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weeds are plants that, although not specially cultivated, grow and often adapt to growing in arable lands. They form an ecological variant of flora, as a historically-formed set of species growing on cultivated soils. For the rational use of the chemical and biological crop protection products and to produce safe and high-quality food, up-to-date data on the floristic diversity of weeds and the patterns of its geographical change are required. The need for a weeds' database arises that allows many specialists to work together independently. However, the great value of any database lies not in its existence, but in the accumulation of data that can be used to analyse the factors affecting the species diversity of weeds. New information A dataset of weed species diversity and their distribution in the European part of Russia, based on the results of the authors' own research from 1999 to 2019, has been created. The dataset includes 24,284 observations of occurrences of weed plants, which were obtained on the basis of 2,049 relevés of segetal plant communities in seven regions of the European part of Russia. In total, the dataset includes information about 329 species of vascular plants growing in 65 farmlands: cereals, spring and winter crops, industrial crops, row crops and perennial grasses (Tretyakova et al. 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona Tretyakova
- Department of biodiversity and bioecology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia Department of biodiversity and bioecology, Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russia.,Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ekaterinburg Russia
| | - Nickolay Grudanov
- Department of biodiversity and bioecology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia Department of biodiversity and bioecology, Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russia.,Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ekaterinburg Russia
| | - Pavel Kondratkov
- Department of biology and fundamental medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia Department of biology and fundamental medicine, Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russia
| | - Olga Baranova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Natalya Luneva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yevgenia Mysnik
- All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Gulnaz Khasanova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Sergey Yamalov
- South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Maria Lebedeva
- South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
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Zhou FY, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Yao CC, Han YJ. StMADS11 Subfamily Gene PfMADS16 From Polypogon fugax Regulates Early Flowering and Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:525. [PMID: 32457775 PMCID: PMC7225323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of herbicide resistance in weedy plants leads to various adaptation traits including flowering time and seed germination. In our previous studies, we found an association of the early flowering phenotype with the ACCase inhibitor herbicide resistance genotype in a population of Polypogon fugax. MADS-box transcription factors are known to play pivotal roles in regulating plant flowering time. In this study, a SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like gene, belonging to the StMADS11 subfamily in the MADS-box family, was cloned from the early flowering P. fugax population (referred to as PfMADS16) and resistant to the herbicide clodinafop- propargyl. Overexpression of the SVP-like gene PfMADS16 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in early flowering and seed abortion. This is consistent with the phenotypic characters of resistant P. fugax plants, but contrary to the conventional role of SVP-like genes that usually suppress flowering. In addition, down regulation of the seed formation gene AtKTN1 in flowers of PfMADS16 transgenic Arabidopsis plants indicates that PfMADS16 may be indirectly associated with seed viability. Furthermore, one protein (PfMADS2) from the APETALA1 (AP1) subfamily interacting with PfMADS16 in P. fugax was identified with relevance to flowering time regulation. These results suggest that the PfMADS16 gene is an early flowering regulation gene associated with seed formation and viability in resistant P. fugax population. Our study provides potential application of PfMADS16 for integrated weed management (such as genetic-based weed control strategies) aiming to reduce the soil weed seedbank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yan Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-Chun Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Jing Han
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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4
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Lu H, Yu Q, Han H, Owen MJ, Powles SB. Evolution of resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in a wild radish population via enhanced herbicide metabolism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1929-1937. [PMID: 31854080 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively new herbicides that target 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) are now available for use on the world's great grain crops (rice, wheat, corn and soybean) and for other uses. With widespread and persistent use of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, the evolution of HPPD-inhibiting herbicide resistant weeds is inevitable. Currently, resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides is known in two weed species, waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. Here, we report a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide resistant wild radish population from the Western Australia grain belt. This population was not selected with HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, rather it evolved resistance to earlier used herbicides with different modes of action and exhibits cross-resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides. RESULTS Dose-response experiments showed the resistant (R) population exhibits 4 to 6.5-fold resistance to the HPPD-inhibiting herbicides mesotrione, tembotrione and isoxaflutole, compared to the susceptible (S) population. This resistance is not target-site based as cloning of full coding sequences of the HPPD genes from S and R plants did not reveal resistance-endowing single nucleotide polymorphisms. The HPPD gene expression levels are similar in S and R plants. In addition, no differences in [14 C]-mesotrione uptake and translocation were observed in the S and R plants. However, the time required for R plants to metabolise 50% [14 C]-mesotrione is 7.7-fold faster than for the S plants. CONCLUSION We confirm resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides exists in a population of the economically damaging global weed wild radish. The resistance in this population is due to a non-target-site based enhanced rate of herbicide metabolism. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Heping Han
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Mechelle J Owen
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Stephen B Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Georgakis N, Poudel N, Papageorgiou AC, Labrou NE. Comparative structural and functional analysis of phi class glutathione transferases involved in multiple-herbicide resistance of grass weeds and crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:266-276. [PMID: 32088578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-herbicide resistant (MHR) weeds are a global problem and a looming threat to weed control in crops. MHR weeds express a specific phi class glutathione transferase (MHR-GSTF) which seems to contribute to herbicide resistance. The present work aims to investigate the structure and catalytic properties of the MHR-GSTFs from different grass weeds and crops (Alopecurus myosuroides, Lolium rigidum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum). Recombinant MHR-GSTFs were expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Kinetic analysis of substrate specificity using a range of thiol substrates and xenobiotic compounds suggested that all enzymes display a broad range of specificity and are capable of detoxifying major stress-induced toxic products. Notably, all tested enzymes exhibited high activity towards organic hydroperoxides. The crystal structure of MHR-GSTF from Alopecurus myosuroides (AmGSTF) was determined by molecular replacement at 1.33 Å resolution. The enzyme was resolved with bound glutathione sulfenic acid (GSOH) at the G-site and succinic acid at the H-site. The enzyme shows conserved structural features compared to other Phi class GSTs. However, some differences were observed at the C-terminal helix H9 that may affect substrate specificity. The structural and functional features of AmGSTF were compared with those of the homologue crop enzymes (HvGSTF and TaGSTF) and discussed in light of their contribution to the MHR mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Nirmal Poudel
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | | | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece.
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Sharma A, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Sidhu GPS, Handa N, Kohli SK, Yadav P, Bali AS, Parihar RD, Dar OI, Singh K, Jasrotia S, Bakshi P, Ramakrishnan M, Kumar S, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK. Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Gould F, Brown ZS, Kuzma J. Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance? Science 2018; 360:728-732. [PMID: 29773742 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to insecticides and herbicides has cost billions of U.S. dollars in the agricultural sector and could result in millions of lives lost to insect-vectored diseases. We mostly continue to use pesticides as if resistance is a temporary issue that will be addressed by commercialization of new pesticides with novel modes of action. However, current evidence suggests that insect and weed evolution may outstrip our ability to replace outmoded chemicals and other control mechanisms. To avoid this outcome, we must address the mix of ecological, genetic, economic, and sociopolitical factors that prevent implementation of sustainable pest management practices. We offer an ambitious proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Gould
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA. .,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Zachary S Brown
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA.,Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Jennifer Kuzma
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA.,Department of Public Administration, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
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8
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Li R, Islam SU, Wu Z, Ye X. Bensulfuron-Methyl Treatment of Soil Affects the Infestation of Whitefly, Aphid, and Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1970. [PMID: 28083007 PMCID: PMC5183605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) is widely used in paddy soil for weed control. BSM residue in the soil has been known to inhibit the growth of sensitive crop plants. However, it is unknown whether BSM residue can affect the agrosystem in general. In this study, we have found significant effects of BSM on the infestation of Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Nicotiana tabacum. The soil was treated with BSM before the pest inoculation. The herbicide-treated tobaccos showed resistance to B. tabaci, but this resistance could not be detected until 15-day post-infestation when smaller number of adults B. tabaci appeared. In M. persicae assay, the longevity of all development stages of insects, and the fecundity of insects were not significantly affected when feeding on BSM-treated plants. In TMV assay, the BSM treatment also reduced virus-induced lesions in early infection time. However, the titer of TMV in BSM treated plants increased greatly over time and was over 40-fold higher than the mock-infected control plants after 20 days. Further studies showed that BSM treatment increased both jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in tobacco, as well as the expression of target genes in the JA and SA signaling pathways, such as NtWIPK, NtPR1a, and NtPAL. NtPR1a and NtPAL were initially suppressed after virus-inoculation, while NtRDR1 and NtRDR6, which play a key role in fighting virus infection, only showed up- or were down-regulated 20 days post virus-inoculation. Taken together, our results suggested that BSM residue in the soil may affect the metabolism of important phytohormones such as JA and SA in sensitive plants and consequently affect the plant immune response against infections such as whitefly, aphids, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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9
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Ashworth MB, Walsh MJ, Flower KC, Vila-Aiub MM, Powles SB. Directional selection for flowering time leads to adaptive evolution in Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild radish). Evol Appl 2016; 9:619-29. [PMID: 27099626 PMCID: PMC4831463 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbicides have been the primary tool for controlling large populations of yield depleting weeds from agro‐ecosystems, resulting in the evolution of widespread herbicide resistance. In response, nonherbicidal techniques have been developed which intercept weed seeds at harvest before they enter the soil seed bank. However, the efficiency of these techniques allows an intense selection for any trait that enables weeds to evade collection, with early‐flowering ecotypes considered likely to result in early seed shedding. Using a field‐collected wild radish population, five recurrent generations were selected for early maturity and three generations for late maturity. Phenology associated with flowering time and growth traits were measured. Our results demonstrate the adaptive capacity of wild radish to halve its time to flowering following five generations of early‐flowering selection. Early‐maturing phenotypes had reduced height and biomass at maturity, leading to less competitive, more prostrate growth forms. Following three generations of late‐flowering selection, wild radish doubled its time to flowering time leading to increased biomass and flowering height at maturity. This study demonstrates the potential for the rapid evolution in growth traits in response to highly effective seed collection techniques that imposed a selection on weed populations within agro‐ecosystems at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ashworth
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia; Department of Agriculture and Environment School of Science Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
| | - Michael J Walsh
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia; School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Ken C Flower
- School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Martin M Vila-Aiub
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia; IFEVA-CONICET Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Stephen B Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia; School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
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Kraehmer H, van Almsick A, Beffa R, Dietrich H, Eckes P, Hacker E, Hain R, Strek HJ, Stuebler H, Willms L. Herbicides as weed control agents: state of the art: II. Recent achievements. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1132-48. [PMID: 25104721 PMCID: PMC4226375 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In response to changing market dynamics, the discovery of new herbicides has declined significantly over the past few decades and has only seen a modest upsurge in recent years. Nevertheless, the few introductions have proven to be interesting and have brought useful innovation to the market. In addition, herbicide-tolerant or herbicide-resistant crop technologies have allowed the use of existing nonselective herbicides to be extended into crops. An increasing and now major challenge is being posed by the inexorable increase in biotypes of weeds that are resistant to herbicides. This problem is now at a level that threatens future agricultural productivity and needs to be better understood. If herbicides are to remain sustainable, then it is a must that we adopt diversity in crop rotation and herbicide use as well as increase the use of nonchemical measures to control weeds. Nevertheless, despite the difficulties posed by resistant weeds and increased regulatory hurdles, new screening tools promise to provide an upsurge of potential herbicide leads. Our industry urgently needs to supply agriculture with new, effective resistance-breaking herbicides along with strategies to sustain their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roland Beffa
- Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Peter Eckes
- Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erwin Hacker
- Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ruediger Hain
- Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Lothar Willms
- Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Herbicide resistance-what have we learned from other disciplines? J Chem Biol 2014; 7:129-32. [PMID: 25320646 PMCID: PMC4182340 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-014-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbicide resistance is a growing threat to agriculture and has parallels to resistances to fungicides and insecticides. However, there are many reasons to treat the resistance to herbicides differently. To highlight these similarities and differences, three pests, a weed, an insect, and a disease that have shown the ability to rapidly develop resistance to a variety of products and product classes were used as illustrations. The situation in herbicide resistance is approaching a point already experienced by the other pest control disciplines, and thus, it is worthwhile to revisit their experiences.
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