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Sabri M, El Handi K, Valentini F, De Stradis A, Cara O, Calvano CD, Bianco M, Trani A, Elbeaino T. Nisin-based therapy: a realistic and eco-friendly biocontrol strategy to contrast Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca infections in planta. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1406672. [PMID: 38812684 PMCID: PMC11133578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The lack of sustainable strategies for combating Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) highlights the pressing need for novel practical antibacterial tools. In this study, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain ATCC 11454 (L. lactis), known for its production of nisin A, was in vitro tested against Xf subsp. pauca. Preliminary investigations showed that nisin A was involved in a strong antagonistic activity exhibited by L. lactis against Xf. Thus, the efficacy of nisin A was comprehensively assessed through a combination of in vitro and in planta experiments. In vitro investigations employing viable-quantitative PCR, spot assay, turbidity reduction assay, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated nisin's robust bactericidal effect on Xf at a minimal lethal concentration of 0.6 mg/mL. Moreover, results from fluorescence and transmission electron microscopies indicated that nisin directly and rapidly interacts with the membranes of Xf cells, leading to the destruction of bacterial cells in few minutes. In in planta tests, nisin also demonstrated the ability to tackle Xf infections within Nicotiana benthamiana plants that remained asymptomatic 74 days post inoculation. Furthermore, RPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses showed that nisin translocated to all parts of the plants and remains intact for up to 9 days. For the first time, this study underscores the nisin-based strategy as a realistic and eco-friendly approach to be further investigated against Xf infections in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloud Sabri
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Bari, Italy
| | - Kaoutar El Handi
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Valentini
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Orges Cara
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Bari, Italy
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Trani
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Bari, Italy
| | - Toufic Elbeaino
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Bari, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Naples, Italy
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Guo Y, Ma J, Sun Y, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Weng M, Shi W, Wu J, Hu X, Wang R, Zhang F, Wu S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of fluopyram trunk-injection in Pinus massoniana and its efficacy against pine wilt disease. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2230-2238. [PMID: 36756723 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a destructive disease of pine trees caused by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Fluopyram, a novel nematicide compound with systemic activity, is a prospective trunk-injection agent against pinewood nematodes. The disadvantage of current trunk-injection agents is that they were not evenly distributed in tree tissues and were poor in the persistence of effect and efficiency. Therefore, we investigated the spatiotemporal transport pattern and residue behavior of fluopyram following its injection into the trunk of Pinus massoniana. RESULTS Fluopyram transport in the trunk occurred through radial diffusion and vertical uptake within 1 week of the injection, reaching all tissues of P. massoniana, including apical branches and needles. Three years after the field test, the infection of PWD declined substantially with treatment using the fluopyram trunk-injection agent, which demonstrated 100% efficacy in both the mild and moderate occurrence areas, and 71.1% efficacy in the severe occurrence area. Fluopyram as trunk-injection agent exerted substantial control over PWD, with its efficacy being influenced by the infection time of PWD. The half-life of 10% fluopyram in treated pine trees was 346.6 days with 3-year persistence. CONCLUSION The advantages of overall distribution and long persistence of fluopyram in the tree after injection help explain its evident efficacy against PWN. Overall, fluopyram trunk-injection has potential to prevent PWD. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiayi Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology College, Putian University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Sun
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazú
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mingqing Weng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Shi
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieqin Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Archer L, Kunwar S, Alferez F, Batuman O, Albrecht U. Trunk Injection of Oxytetracycline for Huanglongbing Management in Mature Grapefruit and Sweet Orange Trees. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1010-1021. [PMID: 36474420 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-22-0330-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating bacterial disease associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. The location of the pathogen within the vasculature of the tree has left growers with limited options for the effective management of the disease. Trunk injection is a crop protection technique that applies therapeutics directly into the xylem of woody tree species and allows for their systemic uptake and transport, which may provide more effective management of vascular diseases such as HLB. In this study, mature 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and 'Duncan' grapefruit (C. paradisi) trees were injected with oxytetracycline (OTC) in the spring and/or fall to evaluate the effects of injection timing and response to injection. In addition to seasonal evaluations of tree health and bacterial titer, preharvest fruit drop, yield, and fruit quality were measured at harvest to determine the effects of OTC injection. The benefits associated with injection included a reduction in fruit drop, an increase in fruit yield and fruit size, and improvements in juice quality. However, results varied due to the timing of injection and were not consistent across all three varieties. Residue analysis at different time points after injection suggests that trunk injection effectively delivers therapeutics to mature citrus trees. This study provides fundamental information on the short-term benefits associated with trunk injection of OTC for HLB management in citrus groves. The potential for use of trunk injection at the commercial scale and the possible risks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Archer
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
| | - Sanju Kunwar
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
| | - Fernando Alferez
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
| | - Ozgur Batuman
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
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Denoirjean T, Belhassen D, Doury G, Ameline A, Werrie PY, Fauconnier ML, Hance T, Le Goff GJ. Essential Oil Trunk Injection Into Orchard Trees: Consequences on the Performance and Preference of Hemipteran Pests. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:389-398. [PMID: 36634219 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Apples and pears are among the most widely cultivated fruit species in the world. Pesticides are commonly applied using ground sprayers in conventional orchards; however, most of it will not reach the target plant, increasing the contamination of nontarget organisms such as natural predators, pollinators, and decomposers. Trunk injection is an alternative method of pesticide application that could reduce risks to beneficials and workers. Essential oils represent a 'green' alternative to pesticides due to their reported insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, nematicidal, and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the impact that the injection of a cinnamon essential oil solution into the trunk of apple and pear trees could have on their respective pests, Dysaphis plantaginea and Cacopsylla pyri, respectively. The feeding behavior (preference), the life history traits (performance), and the timing of this effect were measured. The injection of an essential oil emulsion in trees impacted hemipteran host-plant colonization, as for both species a modification of their preference and of their performance was observed. The feeding behavior of D. plantaginea was altered as a significantly lower proportion of aphids ingested phloem sap on injected trees, suggesting that the aphids starved to death. On the contrary, the feeding behavior of the psyllids was little changed compared to the control condition, implying that the observed mortality was due to intoxication. The results presented here could theoretically be used to control these two orchard hemipteran pests, although the effectiveness in real conditions still has to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Denoirjean
- UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN (Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Daphné Belhassen
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, UCLouvain, ELIB - Croix du Sud 4-5, Bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Doury
- UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN (Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Ameline
- UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN (Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Yves Werrie
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, UCLouvain, ELIB - Croix du Sud 4-5, Bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Jean Le Goff
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, UCLouvain, ELIB - Croix du Sud 4-5, Bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Ouyang X, Chen A, Li Y, Han X, Lin H. Predicting the Potential Distribution of Pine Wilt Disease in China under Climate Change. INSECTS 2022; 13:1147. [PMID: 36555057 PMCID: PMC9786912 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary culprits of pine wilt disease (PWD), an epidemic forest disease that significantly endangers the human environment and the world's forest resources, are pinewood nematodes (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). The MaxEnt model has been used to predict and analyze the potential geographic spread of PWD in China under the effects of climate change and can serve as a foundation for high-efficiency monitoring, supervision, and prompt prevention and management. In this work, the MaxEnt model's criteria settings were optimized using data from 646 PWD infestation sites and seven climate variables from the ENMeval data package. It simulated and forecasted how PWD may be distributed under present and future (the 2050s and 2070s) climatic circumstances, and the key climate factors influencing the disease were examined. The area under AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve) is 0.940 under the parameters, demonstrating the accuracy of the simulation. Under the current climate conditions, the moderately and highly suitable habitats of PWD are distributed in Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and other provinces. The outcomes demonstrated that the fundamental climate variables influencing the PWD distribution were rainfall and temperature, specifically including maximum temperature of warmest month, mean temperature of driest quarter, coefficient of variation of precipitation seasonality, and precipitation of wettest quarter. The evaluation outcomes of the MaxEnt model revealed that the total and highly suitable areas of PWD will expand substantially by both 2050 and 2070, and the potential distribution of PWD will have a tendency to spread towards high altitudes and latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianheng Ouyang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Kavallieratos NG, Boukouvala MC, Skourti A, Nika EP, Papadoulis GT. Trunk Injection with Insecticides Manages Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1106. [PMID: 36555016 PMCID: PMC9784661 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious wood-boring insect of mulberry trees (Morus spp.). Larvae of this species enter the trunk of the tree and feed on woody tissues. Xylotrechus chinensis is endemic in several Asian countries, while, in the last decade, it invaded Europe. In the present work, we evaluated trunk injection against this pest. The systemic insecticides fipronil, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat were used in the trials. Abamectin was used as a positive control since it has been found to be effective for the management of X. chinensis. Imidacloprid and fipronil proved to be highly effective against this species in both years (9.5 and 12.1 exit holes/tree in 2021, 5.0 and 8.8 exit holes/tree in 2022, respectively), while spirotetramat was the least effective. The lowest mean number of exit holes was recorded when abamectin was applied in both years (4.7 exit holes/tree in 2021 and 3.3 exit holes/tree in 2022). The percentage of exit holes was reduced by 76.1, 71.8, and 85.6% in trees treated with imidacloprid, fipronil, and abamectin, respectively, after two years of application, while spirotetramat caused a 37.4% reduction. Trunk injection with imidacloprid, fipronil, and abamectin could be used against X. chinensis for long-term control of mulberry trees.
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Werrie PY, Burgeon C, Le Goff GJ, Hance T, Fauconnier ML. Biopesticide Trunk Injection Into Apple Trees: A Proof of Concept for the Systemic Movement of Mint and Cinnamon Essential Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650132. [PMID: 33897739 PMCID: PMC8063119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of conventional pesticides is debated because of their multiple potential adverse effects on non-target organisms, human health, pest resistance development and environmental contaminations. In this setting, this study focused on developing alternatives, such as trunk-injected essential oil (EO)-based biopesticides. We analysed the ecophysiology of apple trees (Malus domestica) following the injection of Cinnamomum cassia and Mentha spicata nanoemulsions in the tree's vascular system. Targeted and untargeted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyses were performed on leaf-contained and leaf-emitted VOCs and analysed through dynamic headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS) and thermal desorption unit (TDU)-GC-MS. Our results showed that carvone, as a major constituent of the M. spicata EO, was contained in the leaves (mean concentrations ranging from 3.39 to 19.7 ng gDW -1) and emitted at a constant rate of approximately 0.2 ng gDW -1 h-1. Trans-cinnamaldehyde, C. cassia's major component, accumulated in the leaves (mean concentrations of 83.46 and 350.54 ng gDW -1) without being emitted. Furthermore, our results highlighted the increase in various VOCs following EO injection, both in terms of leaf-contained VOCs, such as methyl salicylate, and in terms of leaf-emitted VOCs, such as caryophyllene. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted differences in terms of VOC profiles. In addition, an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that the VOC profiles were significantly impacted by the treatment. Maximum yields of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were within the range of 0.80-0.85, indicating that the trees remained healthy throughout the experiment. Our targeted analysis demonstrated the systemic translocation of EOs through the plant's vascular system. The untargeted analysis, on the other hand, highlighted the potential systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction by these EOs. Lastly, C. cassia and M. spicata EOs did not appear phytotoxic to the treated trees, as demonstrated through chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Hence, this work can be seen as a proof of concept for the use of trunk-injected EOs given the systemic translocation, increased production and release of biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) and absence of phytotoxicity. Further works should focus on the ecological impact of such treatments in orchards, as well as apple quality and production yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Werrie
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Clément Burgeon
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Jean Le Goff
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Wheeler CE, Vandervoort C, Wise JC. Organic Control of Pear Psylla in Pear with Trunk Injection. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090650. [PMID: 32972020 PMCID: PMC7563420 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Organic pear production is challenged, in part, by short lived effects of biopesticides when applied as foliar sprays. Trunk injection may enhance their performance by delivering the biopesticides directly to the vascular system of the tree, right where pear psylla feed. The objective of this study is to compare trunk injections to foliar sprayed applications of two insecticides, azadirachtin and abamectin, on their ability to control pear psylla in pear trees. The azadirachtin and abamectin trunk injected treatments performed equally or better than two foliar applications in the control of the pear psylla. The trunk injected trees from the first season provided a moderate level of control into the second season, one year after the injections. This study suggests that trunk injection is a superior delivery system for biopesticides used in organic pear production. Abstract Organic production of pears is challenging in part because OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) approved biopesticides are short lived when applied as foliar sprays. Trunk injection is an alternative method of insecticide delivery that may enhance the performance of biopesticides for control of pear psylla. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of azadirachtin and abamectin in the control of pear psylla using two different application methods, airblast sprayer and trunk injection. Trunk injections of azadirachtin and abamectin were compared to airblast applications of equal labeled rates on 33-year-old Bartlett Pear trees (Pyrus communis L., var “Bartlett”). The azadirachtin and abamectin trunk injected treatments performed equally or better than the two airblast applications in the control of the pear psylla. The trunk injected trees from the first season provided a moderate level of control into the second season, one year after the injections. This study suggests that trunk injection is a superior delivery system for biopesticides used in organic pear production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste E. Wheeler
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Christine Vandervoort
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Michigan State University, 206 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - John C. Wise
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Coslor CC, Vandervoort C, Wise JC. Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1453-1463. [PMID: 30450658 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trunk injection is an established method for delivering pesticides in ornamental and shade trees, but further research is needed to determine efficacy and pollinator safety in tree fruit crops. Apple trees were injected in 2013 and 2014 with the insecticides emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, or abamectin. Additional emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid injections were performed in the spring and fall of 2015. Nectar and pollen were sampled in the following spring to compare the effects of application timings on insecticide loading into flowers. RESULTS Neonicotinoids reduced Empoasca fabae density in the field. Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin resulted in moderate to high mortality and reduced Choristoneura rosaceana feeding in bioassays. Imidacloprid was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected in the spring, and was detected at 0.39 ng g-1 in pollen when injected the previous fall. Emamectin benzoate was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected the previous fall, and was detected at 7.36 ng g-1 (nectar) and 1.15 ng g-1 (pollen) when injected in the spring. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a broader list of possible trunk-injectable pesticides for apple trees. This study also shows that managing the seasonal timing of injection can reduce the risk of insecticide exposure to pollinators. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Coslor
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - John C Wise
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Hu J, Wang N. Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Oxytetracycline and Its Control Effect Against Citrus Huanglongbing via Trunk Injection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1495-1503. [PMID: 27482624 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-16-0114-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) or greening is a devastating bacterial disease that has destroyed millions of trees and is associated with phloem-residing 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) in Florida. In this study, we evaluated the spatiotemporal dynamics of oxytetracycline in planta and its control effect against HLB via trunk injection. Las-infected 'Hamlin' sweet orange trees on 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstock at the early stage of decline were treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) using trunk injection with varying number of injection ports. Spatiotemporal distribution of OTC and dynamics of Las populations were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography method and qPCR assay, respectively. Uniform distribution of OTC throughout tree canopies and root system was achieved 2 days postinjection. High levels of OTC (>850 µg/kg) were maintained in leaf and root for at least 1 month and moderate OTC (>500 µg/kg) persisted for more than 9 months. Reduction of Las populations in root system and leaves of OTC-treated trees were over 95% and 99% (i.e., 1.76 and 2.19 log reduction) between 2 and 28 days postinjection. Conditions of trees receiving OTC treatment were improved, fruit yield was increased, and juice acidity was lowered than water-injected control even though their differences were not statistically significant during the test period. Our study demonstrated that trunk injection of OTC could be used as an effective measure for integrated management of citrus HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuai Hu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred
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Aćimović SG, VanWoerkom AH, Garavaglia T, Vandervoort C, Sundin GW, Wise JC. Seasonal and Cross-Seasonal Timing of Fungicide Trunk Injections in Apple Trees to Optimize Management of Apple Scab. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1606-1616. [PMID: 30686216 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-1061-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the number and timing of trunk injections for season-long control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), we evaluated 1 to 2 and 4 seasonal and cross-seasonal injections of potassium phosphites and synthetic fungicides and quantified residues in leaves and fruit. Phosphites accumulated in the canopy at the highest concentrations, aligned well in time with scab suppression, and gave better leaf scab control of 41.8 to 73.5% than propiconazole (16.9 to 51.5%) or cyprodinil + difenoconazole (5.4 to 17.4%). More injections of phosphites controlled leaf scab better than fewer (23.7% versus 48.2%), and more fungicide injections resulted in 21.9 to 51.1% better leaf scab control than fewer. Leaf scab control with phosphites was only 3.2 to 13.9% better with 4 cross-seasonal compared with 4 seasonal injections, while 1 to 2 seasonal compared with 1 to 2 cross-seasonal injections improved scab control only for 4.2 to 22.1%. On shoots, injected phosphites provided comparable or for 4.4 to 10.5% and 22.3 to 41.4% better scab control than spray standards. On fruit, injected phosphites slightly improved control compared with sprayed phosphites or the sprayed fungicide standard (33.4 to 40.8%). Two seasonal injections of phosphites controlled shoot scab 5.7% better than 9 spray applications. Five sprays of cyprodinil + difenoconazole controlled scab better than their injections. Fruit residues of phosphites reached 2.8 ppm and declined in all treatments except in 2 seasonal injections and phosphite sprays. Cyprodinil and difenoconazole fruit residues reached 0.02 and 0.07 ppm and declined sharply toward the end of the season. These were far below the United States, Codex, and EU MRL-s of 1, 0.8, and 0.5 ppm for difenoconazole, and 1.7, 2, and 1 ppm for cyprodinil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srđan G Aćimović
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824-1311
| | | | - Thomas Garavaglia
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824-1311
| | - Christine Vandervoort
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824-1311
| | - George W Sundin
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824-1311
| | - John C Wise
- Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI 48824-1311
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McCullough DG, Poland TM, Lewis PA. Lethal trap trees: a potential option for emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1023-1030. [PMID: 26194342 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic and ecological impacts of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality resulting from emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion are severe in forested, residential and urban areas. Management options include girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing adult beetles and then destroying infested trees before larvae develop or protecting ash with a highly effective, systemic emamectin benzoate insecticide. Injecting this insecticide and then girdling injected trees a few weeks later could effectively create lethal trap trees, similar to a bait-and-kill tactic, if girdling does not interfere with insecticide translocation. We compared EAB larval densities on girdled trees, trees injected with the emamectin benzoate insecticide, trees injected with the insecticide and then girdled 18-21 days later and untreated controls at multiple sites. RESULTS Pretreatment larval densities did not differ among treatments. Current-year larval densities were higher on girdled and control trees than on any trees treated with insecticide at all sites. Foliar residue analysis and adult EAB bioassays showed that girdling trees after insecticide injections did not reduce insecticide translocation. CONCLUSIONS Girdling ash trees to attract adult EAB did not reduce efficacy of emamectin benzoate trunk injections applied ≥ 18 days earlier and could potentially be used in integrated management programs to slow EAB population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah G McCullough
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Therese M Poland
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Phillip A Lewis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Buzzards Bay, MA, USA
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Poland TM, Ciaramitaro TM, McCullough DG. Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Systemic Insecticides to Emerald Ash Borer Larvae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:705-716. [PMID: 26721288 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding insect native to Asia, threatens at least 16 North American ash (Fraxinus) species and has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in landscapes and forests. We conducted laboratory bioassays to assess the relative efficacy of systemic insecticides to control emerald ash borer larvae in winter 2009 and 2010. Second- and third-instar larvae were reared on artificial diet treated with varying doses of emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge, Arborjet, Inc., Woburn, MA), imidacloprid (Imicide, J. J Mauget Co., Arcadia, CA), dinotefuran (Safari, Valent Professional Products, Walnut Creek, CA), and azadirachtin (TreeAzin, BioForest Technologies, Inc., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and Azasol, Arborjet, Inc., Woburn, MA). All of the insecticides were toxic to emerald ash borer larvae, but lethal concentrations needed to kill 50% of the larvae (LC50), standardized by larval weight, varied with insecticide and time. On the earliest date with a significant fit of the probit model, LC50 values were 0.024 ppm/g at day 29 for TREE-äge, 0.015 ppm/g at day 63 for Imicide, 0.030 ppm/g at day 46 for Safari, 0.025 ppm/g at day 24 for TreeAzin, and 0.027 ppm/g at day 27 for Azasol. The median lethal time to kill 50% (LT50) of the tested larvae also varied with insecticide product and dose, and was longer for Imicide and Safari than for TREE-äge or the azadirachtin products. Insecticide efficacy in the field will depend on adult and larval mortality as well as leaf and phloem insecticide residues.
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Aćimović SG, Zeng Q, McGhee GC, Sundin GW, Wise JC. Control of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) on apple trees with trunk-injected plant resistance inducers and antibiotics and assessment of induction of pathogenesis-related protein genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:16. [PMID: 25717330 PMCID: PMC4323746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Management of fire blight is complicated by limitations on use of antibiotics in agriculture, antibiotic resistance development, and limited efficacy of alternative control agents. Even though successful in control, preventive antibiotic sprays also affect non-target bacteria, aiding the selection for resistance which could ultimately be transferred to the pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Trunk injection is a target-precise pesticide delivery method that utilizes tree xylem to distribute injected compounds. Trunk injection could decrease antibiotic usage in the open environment and increase the effectiveness of compounds in fire blight control. In field experiments, after 1-2 apple tree injections of either streptomycin, potassium phosphites (PH), or acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), significant reduction of blossom and shoot blight symptoms was observed compared to water injected control trees. Overall disease suppression with streptomycin was lower than typically observed following spray applications to flowers. Trunk injection of oxytetracycline resulted in excellent control of shoot blight severity, suggesting that injection is a superior delivery method for this antibiotic. Injection of both ASM and PH resulted in the significant induction of PR-1, PR-2, and PR-8 protein genes in apple leaves indicating induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) under field conditions. The time separating SAR induction and fire blight symptom suppression indicated that various defensive compounds within the SAR response were synthesized and accumulated in the canopy. ASM and PH suppressed fire blight even after cessation of induced gene expression. With the development of injectable formulations and optimization of doses and injection schedules, the injection of protective compounds could serve as an effective option for fire blight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srđan G. Aćimović
- Tree Fruit Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Applied Insecticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Quan Zeng
- Tree Fruit Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gayle C. McGhee
- Tree Fruit Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - George W. Sundin
- Tree Fruit Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John C. Wise
- Applied Insecticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
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