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Gawai T, Sadawarte S, Khandagale K, Raj A, Kulkarni A, Jaiswal DK, Ade AB, Gawande S. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Allium host in India. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17679. [PMID: 39011376 PMCID: PMC11249009 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is a complex of cryptic species with subtle morphological differences and distinct genetic backgrounds; thus, species identification using traditional methods remains challenging. The existence of different haplotypes and genotypes within a species can significantly influence various aspects of its biology, including host preference, reproductive capacity, resistance to pesticides, and vector competence for plant viruses. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptic species within T. tabaci will not only aid in the development of more effective control strategies tailored to specific genetic variants but also in monitoring population dynamics, tracking invasive species, and implementing quarantine measures to prevent the spread of economically damaging thrips biotypes. Methods This study aims to explore intraspecies genetic diversity and molecular evolutionary relationships of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (mtCOI) in T. tabaci populations from India. To capture diversity within the Indian T. tabaci populations, amplicon sequencing was performed for the thrips mtCOI gene from eight diverse localities in India. A total of 48 sequences retrieved for the mtCOI gene from the NCBI Nucleotide database were analysed. Results Multiple insertions and deletions were detected at various genomic positions across the populations from different localities, with the highest variation observed in the 300-400 genome position range. Molecular diversity analyses identified 30 haplotypes within the population, with certain subpopulations exhibiting higher gene flow. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism patterns within the mtCOI gene across diverse Indian locales revealed significant intrapopulation genetic heterogeneity and its potential repercussions on gene functionality. Elevated F statistics (Fst) values in the northern-western subpopulations suggested high genetic variability, particularly evident in haplotype networks originating mainly from the northern region, notably Delhi. While most populations displayed stable and ancient evolutionary histories, thrips populations from northern, western, and north-eastern regions indicated rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Gawai
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sharwari Sadawarte
- Department of Bioinformatics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Anusha Raj
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Department of Bioinformatics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Avinash B. Ade
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Suresh Gawande
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
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Chi Y, Yu C, Feng M, Shu K, Zhu Y, Shi W. Effects of field releases of Neoseiulus barkeri on Megalurothrips usitatus abundance and arthropod diversity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14247. [PMID: 38902417 PMCID: PMC11190279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is widely used for control of pest mites and insects worldwide. We evaluated its effect on M. usitatus when predators (N. barkeri) or insecticides (Spinetoram) were applied in the fields. Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes consumed 80% of M. usitatus prey offered within 6 h, and predation showed Type III functional response with prey density. The maximum consumption of N. barkeri was 27.29 ± 1.02 individuals per d per arena (1.5 cm diameter), while the optimal prey density for the predatory mite was 10.35 ± 0.68 individuals per d per arena (1.5 cm diameter). The developmental duration of N. barkeri fed with M. usitatus was significantly shorter than those fed with the dried fruit mite, Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Acari: Astigmata). In field trials, the efficiency of N. barkeri against M. usitatus was not significantly different from that of applications of the insecticide spinetoram. Biodiversity of other insects in treated fields was assessed, and there were 21 insect species in garden plots treated with N. barkeri releases. The total abundance (N), Shannon's diversity index (H), Pielou's evenness index (J) and Simpson's diversity index (D) of the garden plots treated with predatory mites were all significantly higher than that in the garden plots treated with spinetoram, where we found no species of predators or parasitoids and 7 herbivores. Our results show that N. barkeri is a potential means to control M. usitatus while preserving arthropod diversity at the level of treated gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanMing Chi
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - MingYue Feng
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - YiLin Zhu
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - WangPeng Shi
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Summerfield A, Buitenhuis R, Jandricic S, Scott-Dupree CD. Laboratory Investigations on the Potential Efficacy of Biological Control Agents on Two Thrips Species, Onion Thrips ( Thrips tabaci Lindeman) and Western Flower Thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)). INSECTS 2024; 15:400. [PMID: 38921115 PMCID: PMC11203793 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Thrips biocontrol research in greenhouse crops has focused primarily on western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis). However, recent outbreaks of onion thrips (OT; Thrips tabaci) in Ontario, Canada, demonstrate that biocontrol-based IPM programs for WFT do not control OT sufficiently to prevent crop losses. A lack of comparative studies makes it difficult to determine which program components for WFT are failing for OT. We conducted several laboratory trials examining the extent to which commercial biocontrol products kill OT compared to WFT. These included phytoseiid mites (Amblyseius swirskii, Neoseiulus cucumeris, Amblydromalus limonicus, Iphiseius degenerans), a large generalist predator (Orius insidiosus), an entomopathogenic fungus (Beauveria bassiana strain GHA), and entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). In no-choice trials, A. swirskii and O. insidiosus consumed more OT than WFT (first instars and adults, respectively). In choice trials, A. swirskii, N. cucumeris, and O. insidiosus consumed more OT than WFT. Steinernema feltiae caused higher mortality in OT than WFT. There was no difference in mortality between thrips species exposed to other biocontrol agents. This suggests available tools have the potential to manage OT as well as WFT. Possible explanations why this potential is not realized in commercial settings are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Summerfield
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada;
| | | | - Sarah Jandricic
- Ontario Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada;
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Mohana Pradeep RK, Rakesh V, Boopathi N, Siva M, Kousalya S, Nagendran K, Karthikeyan G. Emerging challenges in the management of Orthotospoviruses in Indian agriculture. Virology 2024; 593:110029. [PMID: 38382160 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Orthotospoviruses, a genera of negative-sense ssRNA viruses transmitted by thrips, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their detrimental impact on diverse crops, causing substantial economic losses and posing threats to food security. Orthotospoviruses are characterised by a wide range of symptoms in plants, including chlorotic/necrotic spots, vein banding, and fruit deformation. Seven species, including four definite and three tentative species in the genus Orthotospovirus, have so far been documented on the crops of the Indian subcontinent. Management of Orthotospoviruses under field conditions is challenging since they have a wide host range, adaptation to versatile environmental conditions, a lack of promising resistance sources, and the ubiquitous nature of thrips and their transmission through a propagative manner. Our present review elucidates the significance, molecular biology and evolutionary relationship of Orthotospoviruses; vector population; and possible management strategies for Orthotospoviruses and their vectors in the scenario of the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mohana Pradeep
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - V Rakesh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - N Boopathi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - M Siva
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - S Kousalya
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - K Nagendran
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - G Karthikeyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
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Ali J, Mukarram M, Ojo J, Dawam N, Riyazuddin R, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Chen R, Kurjak D, Bayram A. Harnessing Phytohormones: Advancing Plant Growth and Defence Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14307. [PMID: 38705723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth and development, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in enhancing crop resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research on utilizing phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and fortify their defence mechanisms. Initially, we introduce the significance of phytohormones in orchestrating plant growth, followed by their potential utilization in bolstering crop defences against diverse environmental stressors. Our focus then shifts to an in-depth exploration of phytohormones and their pivotal roles in mediating plant defence responses against biotic stressors, particularly insect pests. Furthermore, we highlight the potential impact of phytohormones on agricultural production while underscoring the existing research gaps and limitations hindering their widespread implementation in agricultural practices. Despite the accumulating body of research in this field, the integration of phytohormones into agriculture remains limited. To address this discrepancy, we propose a comprehensive framework for investigating the intricate interplay between phytohormones and sustainable agriculture. This framework advocates for the adoption of novel technologies and methodologies to facilitate the effective deployment of phytohormones in agricultural settings and also emphasizes the need to address existing research limitations through rigorous field studies. By outlining a roadmap for advancing the utilization of phytohormones in agriculture, this review aims to catalyse transformative changes in agricultural practices, fostering sustainability and resilience in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Nancy Dawam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University Bokkos, Diram, Nigeria
| | | | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ahmet Bayram
- Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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Cruz-Esteban S, Garay-Serrano E, González FJ, Rojas JC. Visual stimulus brightness influences the efficiency of attractant-baited traps for catching Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38327068 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an exotic pest of economic importance that affects several soft-skinned fruits in Mexico. Previously, we found that yellow or yellow-green rectangular cards inside a transparent trap baited with attractants improved D. suzukii capture. In this study, we evaluated the influence of rectangular cards with different yellow shades inside a transparent multi-hole trap baited with apple cider vinegar (ACV) on D. suzukii capture in the field. Second, we tested whether ACV-baited traps with cards of other geometric shapes affected D. suzukii catches compared to traps with rectangular cards. Third, we evaluated the effects of commercial lures combined with a more efficient visual stimulus from previous experiments on trapping D. suzukii flies. We found that ACV-baited traps plus a yellow-shaded rectangle card with 67% reflectance at a 549.74 nm dominant wavelength captured more flies than ACV-baited traps with yellow rectangle cards with a higher reflectance. Overall, ACV-baited traps with rectangles and squares caught more flies than did ACV-baited traps without visual stimuli. The traps baited with SuzukiiLURE-Max, ACV and Z-Kinol plus yellow rectangles caught 57, 70 and 101% more flies, respectively, than the traps baited with the lure but without a visual stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cruz-Esteban
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
- CONAHCYT, 03940 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edith Garay-Serrano
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
- CONAHCYT, 03940 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco J González
- Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología Qímica, Departamento de Ecología de Artropodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Saito T, Buitenhuis R. Integration of the Generalist Predator Nabis americoferus (Hemiptera: Nabidae) in a Greenhouse Strawberry Biocontrol Program with Phytoseiid Predatory Mites and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. INSECTS 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38249058 PMCID: PMC10817059 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In strawberry production, western flower thrips (WFT) and two-spotted spider mites (TSSM) inflict feeding damage and reduce the yield. Biological control for these pests often includes phytoseiid predatory mites and entomopathogenic fungi. The hemipteran family Nabidae have been reported as prominent predators in open-field strawberry. Nabis americoferus Carayon is a new biocontrol agent developed in Canada. This study examined if this species was a good candidate for integration with biological control for greenhouse strawberry production. The laboratory trials showed that Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot were compatible with N. americoferus, especially when alternative food was available. In contrast, the nabid was not compatible with the Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) GHA strain. A greenhouse cage study was conducted to determine if it was beneficial to add N. americoferus to the phytoseiid-mites-based biological control program for WFT and TSSM in greenhouse strawberry. The release of N. americoferus on a banker plant together with the placement of sachets of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) was beneficial, not only potentially reducing the number of sachet applications, but also providing better pest control than phytoseiid mites alone. Neither the phytoseiids nor the N. americoferus numbers were significantly affected by the presence of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Saito
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Avenue North, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada;
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Palanisamy A, Marimuthu M, Narayanasamy C, Venkatasamy B, Gandhi K, Lakshmanan P. Invasive flower thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) occurrence, host expansion and genetic diversification in a tropical poly-crop ecosystem. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9909-9923. [PMID: 37874506 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive black flower thrips Thrips parvispinus (Karny) has recently emerged as a significant threat to Indian chilli production. Identifying T. parvispinus became difficult due to the complex presence of thrips species in Indian chilli and allied ecosystems. Pest management success depends on assessing invasive pests genetic populations and their distribution in newly habituated areas. METHODS AND RESULTS The current study investigated the genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of T. parvispinus across major chilli-growing zones representing different agro-climatic conditions in Tamil Nadu. The species-specific chaetotaxy characteristics of T. parvispinus and molecular analysis of the mtCOI gene were used to confirm that the species T. parvispinus has expanded rapidly in three regions (North Western, Western and Cauvery delta), sparsely in one (Southern) and absent from two (hilly and high rainfall). Fifteen allied crops in chilli/capsicum growing tracts served as host plants for T. parvispinus. A shrub species, namely Littleleaf boxwood, Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc., is described as a host plant for the first time. On capsicum and chilli, T. parvispinus and Scirtothrips dorsalis coexisted. Thrips palmi, T. tabaci, Frankliniella schultzei, and Microcephalothrips abdominalis co-occurring alongside T. parvispinus on allied crops. CONCLUSION Molecular characterization and haplotype identification help define the genetic composition of T. parvispinus and serve as a foundation for efficient monitoring and creation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. As a result, the genetic data presented in this work strongly argues that T. parvispinus as a population is resolving itself towards a fixed state through natural selection that spans its native range globally along with low genetic diversity [Hd: 0.771].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Palanisamy
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Murugan Marimuthu
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
| | - Chitra Narayanasamy
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Balasubramani Venkatasamy
- Controller of Examinations, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Karthikeyan Gandhi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Pugalendhi Lakshmanan
- Department of Vegetables, Horticultural College & Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
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Rogers JGD, Plagányi ÉE, Babcock RC, Fletcher CS, Westcott DA. Improving coral cover using an integrated pest management framework. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2913. [PMID: 37615222 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Integrated pest management (IPM) leverages our understanding of ecological interactions to mitigate the impact of pest species on economically and/or ecologically important assets. It has primarily been applied in terrestrial settings (e.g., agriculture), but has rarely been attempted for marine ecosystems. The crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS), Acanthaster spp., is a voracious coral predator throughout the Indo-Pacific where it undergoes large population increases (irruptions), termed outbreaks. During outbreaks CoTS act as a pest species and can result in substantial coral loss. Contemporary management of CoTS on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) adopts facets of the IPM paradigm to manage these outbreaks through strategic use of direct manual control (culling) of individuals in response to ecologically based target thresholds. There has, however, been limited quantitative analysis of how to optimize the implementation of such thresholds. Here we use a multispecies modeling approach to assess the performance of alternative CoTS management scenarios for improving coral cover trajectories. The scenarios examined varied in terms of their ecological threshold target, the sensitivity of the threshold, and the level of management resourcing. Our approach illustrates how to quantify multidimensional trade-offs in resourcing constraints, concurrent CoTS and coral population dynamics, the stringency of target thresholds, and the geographical scale of management outcomes (number of sites). We found strategies with low target density thresholds for CoTS (≤0.03 CoTS min-1 ) could act as "Effort Sinks" and limit the number of sites that could be effectively controlled, particularly under CoTS population outbreaks. This was because a handful of sites took longer to control, which meant other sites were not controlled. Higher density thresholds (e.g., 0.04-0.08 CoTS min-1 ), tuned to levels of coral cover, diluted resources among sites but were more robust to resourcing constraints and pest population dynamics. Our study highlights trade-off decisions when using an IPM framework and informs the implementation of threshold-based strategies on the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G D Rogers
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Éva E Plagányi
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhou YM, Xie W, Zhi JR, Zou X. Frankliniella occidentalis pathogenic fungus Lecanicillium interacts with internal microbes and produces sublethal effects. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105679. [PMID: 38072536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a pest that feeds on various crops worldwide. A prior study identified Lecanicillium attenuatum and L. cauligalbarum as pathogens of F. occidentalis. Unfortunately, the potential of these two entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of F. occidentalis has not been effectively evaluated. The internal microbes (endosymbionts and the gut microbiota) of insects, especially gut bacteria, are crucial in regulating the interactions between the host and intestinal pathogens. The role of thrips internal microbes in the infection of these two entomopathogenic fungi is also unknown. Therefore, biological control of thrips is immediately needed, and to accomplish that, an improved understanding of the internal microbes of thrips against Lecanicillium infection is essential. The virulence of the two pathogenic fungi against F. occidentalis increased with the conidia concentration. Overall, the LC50 of L. cauligalbarum was lower than that of L. attenuatum, and the pathogenicity degree was adult > pupa > nymphs. The activities of protective enzymes include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD); detoxification enzymes include polyphenol oxidase (PPO), glutathione s-transferase (GSTs), and carboxylesterase (CarE); hormones include ecdysone and juvenile hormone; and the composition and proportion of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in F. occidentalis infected by L. cauligalbarum and L. attenuatum have changed significantly. According to the network correlation results, there was a considerable correlation among the internal microbes (including bacteria and fungi), enzyme activities, and hormones, which indicates that in addition to bacteria, internal fungi of F. occidentalis are also involved in the L. cauligalbarum and L. attenuatum infection process. In addition, the development time of the surviving F. occidentalis exposed to L. cauligalbarum or L. attenuatum was significantly shorter than that of the control group. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the control group. L. attenuatum and L. cauligalbarum have biocontrol potential against F. occidentalis. In addition to bacteria, internal fungi of F. occidentalis are also involved in the infection process of insect pathogenic fungi. Disruption of the internal microbial balance results in discernible sublethal effects. Such prevention and control potential should not be ignored. These findings provide an improved understanding of physiological responses in thrips with altered immunity against entomopathogenic fungal infections, which can guide us toward the development of novel biocontrol strategies against thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ming Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Institute of Fungus Resources, Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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11
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Yun SH, Jang HS, Ahn SJ, Price BE, Hasegawa DK, Choi MY. Identification and characterisation of PRXamide peptides in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:603-614. [PMID: 37265417 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insect CAPA-PVK (periviscerokinin) and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides belong to the PRX family peptides and are produced from capa and pyrokinin genes. We identified and characterised the two genes from the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. The capa gene transcribes three splice variants, capa-a, -b, and -c, encoding two CAPA-PVKs (EVQGLFPFPRVamide; QGLIPFPRVamide) and two PKs (ASWMPSSSPRLamide; DSASFTPRLamide). The pyrokinin mRNA encodes three PKs: DLVTQVLQPGQTGMWFGPRLamide, SEGNLVNFTPRLamide, and ESGEQPEDLEGSMGGAATSRQLRTDSEPTWGFSPRLamide, the most extended pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) ortholog in insects. Multiple potential endoproteolytic cleavage sites were presented in the prepropeptides from the pyrokinin gene, creating ambiguity to predict mature peptides. To solve this difficulty, we used three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for CAPA-PVK, tryptophan PK (trpPK), and PK peptides, and evaluated the binding affinities of the peptides. The binding activities revealed each subfamily of peptides exclusively bind to their corresponding receptors, and were significant for determining the CAPA-PVK and PK peptides. Our biological method using specific GPCRs would be a valuable tool for determining mature peptides, particularly with multiple and ambiguous cleavage sites in those prepropeptides. Both capa and pyrokinin mRNAs were strongly expressed in the head/thorax, but minimally expressed in the abdomen. The two genes also were clearly expressed during most of the life stages. Whole-mounting immunocytochemistry revealed that neurons contained PRXamide peptides throughout the whole-body: four to six neurosecretory cells in the head, and three and seven pairs of immunostained cells in the thorax and abdomen, respectively. Notably, the unusual PRXamide profiles of Thysanoptera are different from the other insect groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Yun
- Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Briana E Price
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel K Hasegawa
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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12
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Tungadi TD, Powell G, Shaw B, Fountain MT. Factors influencing oviposition behaviour of the invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii, derived from interactions with other Drosophila species: potential applications for control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4132-4139. [PMID: 37516913 PMCID: PMC10952728 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) or spotted wing Drosophila is a worldwide invasive pest of soft- and stone-fruit production. Female D. suzukii lay their eggs in ripening fruit and the hatched larvae damage fruit from the inside, rendering it unmarketable and causing significant economic loss. Current methods to reduce D. suzukii population in the field primarily rely on chemical insecticides which are not a sustainable long-term solution and increase the risk of resistance developing. Several studies demonstrate that when D. suzukii encounter or coexist with other Drosophila on a food source, this is usually a disadvantage to D. suzukii, leading to reduced oviposition and increased larval mortality. These effects have potential to be exploited from a pest management perspective. In this review we summarise recent research articles focusing on the interspecific interactions between D. suzukii and other Drosophila species aimed at understanding how this drives D. suzukii behaviour. Potential semiochemical and microbiome impacts are postulated as determinants of D. suzukii behaviour. Development of control practices focusing on reducing D. suzukii populations and deterring them from laying eggs by utilising factors that drive their behaviour are discussed. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bethan Shaw
- NIABCambridgeUK
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LtdAucklandNew Zealand
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13
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Sullivan CF, Davari A, Kim JS, Parker BL, Skinner M. Evaluation of a guardian plant system to suppress Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse ornamentals. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3559-3569. [PMID: 37194223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western flower thrips (WFT), Franklinella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically damaging pest of greenhouse ornamentals. A 'guardian plant system' (GPS) that targeted WFT was evaluated under controlled and commercial greenhouse conditions. This system used mycotized millet grains with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin applied to soil of potted marigolds, Tagetes patula (L.), combined with the foliar-dwelling predatory mite Neoseiulus (=Amblyseius) cucumeris (Oudemans) in slow-release sachets under controlled greenhouse conditions, and with the addition of a pheromone lure under commercial settings. RESULTS Significantly fewer WFT and less foliar damage on GPS was observed over the 10 and 12 weeks experimental periods compared to the untreated controls. Predatory mites were maintained up to 10 weeks with one release under controlled greenhouse conditions and 12 weeks with two releases in commercial greenhouses. In commercial greenhouses, greater numbers of WFT were found on marigolds than on crop plants within 1 m of the system. Fungal granules persisted for 12 weeks up to 2.5 × 105 CFU g-1 in the GPS soil. CONCLUSION The use of biological control agents to suppress WFT within a GPS could be a useful IPM strategy for greenhouse production. The marigold GPS attracted WFT which were suppressed primarily through predation by foliar-dwelling predatory mites and to a lesser extent, infection from conidia produced by the granular fungal formulation in the soil. Further investigations into system deployment and fungal granular application rates and new fungal formulations are suggested to improve system efficacy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agrin Davari
- Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce L Parker
- Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Margaret Skinner
- Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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14
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Rodríguez D, Coy-Barrera E. Overview of Updated Control Tactics for Western Flower Thrips. INSECTS 2023; 14:649. [PMID: 37504655 PMCID: PMC10380671 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), broadly known as Western flower thrips (WFT), are currently one of the most critical pests worldwide in field and greenhouse crops, and their management is full of yet unsolved challenges derived from their high reproductive potential, cryptic habit, and ability to disperse. The control of this pest relies widely on chemical control, despite the propensity of the species to develop resistance. However, significant advances have been produced through biological and ethological control. Although there has recently been a remarkable amount of new information regarding the management of this pest worldwide, there is no critical analysis of recent developments and advances in the attractive control tactics for WFT, constituting the present compilation's aim. Hence, this narrative review provides an overview of effective control strategies for managing thrips populations. By understanding the pest's biology, implementing monitoring techniques, accurately identifying the species, and employing appropriate control measures, farmers and researchers can mitigate the WFT impact on agricultural production and promote sustainable pest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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15
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Fan R, Fan Z, Sun Z, Chen Y, Gui F. Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxification Enzyme Activity of Frankliniella occidentalis under Three Habitat Conditions. INSECTS 2023; 14:643. [PMID: 37504650 PMCID: PMC10380546 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is a highly destructive and invasive agricultural pest that has developed resistance to a variety of insecticide classes. Different planting structures and insecticide use frequency can directly affect the resistance development of F. occidentalis. In this study, the susceptibility of three field strains of F. occidentalis, collected over one year (April to November) from three habitat conditions (facility agriculture area, FA; open field crop area, OF; agroforestry intersection area, AI), to spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid were monitored and compared. At the same time, the detoxification enzyme activity of F. occidentalis in different habitats was determined. The results showed that the susceptibility of the F. occidentalis population in FA was significantly lower than that of populations from OF and AI. Among them, the F. occidentalis population in FA had developed low levels of resistance to spinetoram (RR = 9.18-fold), emamectin benzoate (RR = 5.47-fold), chlorfenapyr (RR = 6.67-fold), and acetamiprid (RR = 7.49-fold), and had developed moderate level resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 11.67-fold), while still being relatively sensitive to spinosad. The population of F. occidentalis from OF had developed low level resistance to spinetoram (RR = 5.24-fold) but was still relatively sensitive to the other five insecticides. The resistance of F. occidentalis from AI to six insecticides was at relatively sensitive levels. The results of the enzyme activities of detoxification enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP450), revealed that the activities of the FA population of F. occidentalis were significantly higher than those of the other two populations. The change of CarE activity in F. occidentalis was consistent with that of spinetoram resistance, indicating that CarE may be involved in the metabolic resistance of F. occidentalis to spinetoram. Among the three populations, the resistance and detoxification enzyme activities of F. occidentalis of the FA population to six insecticides were higher than those of the other two populations. Our findings, along with other strategies, are expected to help with the resistance management of F. occidentalis in different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zongfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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16
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Chappuis CJF, Cléroux M, Descombes C, Barth Y, Lefort F. Attraction of Frankliniella occidentalis Females towards the Aggregation Pheromone Neryl ( S)-2-Methylbutanoate and Kairomones in a Y-Olfactometer. INSECTS 2023; 14:562. [PMID: 37367378 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of insect olfaction allows for more specific alternative methods of pest control. We evaluated the responses of the western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis) in a Y-olfactometer to estimate gas-phase concentrations of the aggregation pheromone neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate and known kairomones such as methyl isonicotinate, (S)-(-)-verbenone, and p-anisaldehyde. The gas-phase concentrations of these compounds were obtained from the release rates measured in dynamic headspace cells. The compounds were collected from the headspace using dried solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and analyzed with a triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS. We observed that the aggregation pheromone significantly attracted WFT females at doses of 10 and 100 µg, whereas methyl isonicotinate and p-anisaldehyde significantly attracted WFT females at the highest dose. Verbenone did not produce any significant results. A completely different picture was obtained when the gas-phase concentrations were considered. The minimal gas-phase concentrations of the pheromone required to attract WFT females was 0.027 ng/mL, at least 100 times lower than that of the other two compounds. The relevance and implications of our results are discussed in light of the insect's biology and pest management methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J F Chappuis
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Haute École de Viticulture et Oenologie de Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Marilyn Cléroux
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Haute École de Viticulture et Oenologie de Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Descombes
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Barth
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
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17
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Gong C, Hasnain A, Wang Q, Liu D, Xu Z, Zhan X, Liu X, Pu J, Sun M, Wang X. Eco-friendly deacetylated chitosan base siRNA biological-nanopesticide loading cyromazine for efficiently controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124575. [PMID: 37100329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious threat to various crops, such as corn and rice, and results in severe economic losses. Herein, a chitin synthase sfCHS highly expressed in the epidermis of S. frugiperda was screened, and when interfered by an sfCHS-siRNA nanocomplex, most individuals could not ecdysis (mortality rate 53.3 %) or pupate (abnormal pupation 80.6 %). Based on the results of structure-based virtual screening, cyromazine (CYR, binding free energy -57.285 kcal/mol) could inhibit ecdysis (LC50, 19.599 μg/g). CYR-CS/siRNA nanoparticles encapsulating CYR and SfCHS-siRNA with chitosan (CS) were successfully prepared, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 74.9 mg/g CYR was characterized in the core of CYR-CS/siRNA by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Small amounts of prepared CYR-CS/siRNA containing only 1.5 μg/g CYR could better inhibit chitin synthesis in the cuticle and peritrophic membrane (mortality rate 84.4 %). Therefore, chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle-loaded pesticides were useful for pesticide reduction and comprehensive control of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ali Hasnain
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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18
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Shen XJ, Chen JC, Cao LJ, Ma ZZ, Sun LN, Gao YF, Ma LJ, Wang JX, Ren YJ, Cao HQ, Gong YJ, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in susceptibility of two co-occurring pest thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi, to nine insecticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 37042232 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field control of pest thrips mainly relies on insecticides, but the toxicity of insecticides can vary among thrips species and populations. In this study, we examined the susceptibility of multiple field populations of two thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Thrips palmi, that often co-occur on vegetables, to nine insecticides belonging to seven subgroups. RESULTS The highest level of variation in susceptibility among F. occidentalis populations was for spinetoram (73.92 fold difference between most resistant and most susceptible population), followed by three neonicotinoids (8.06-15.99 fold), while among T. palmi populations, it was also for spinetoram (257.19 fold), followed by emamectin benzoate, sulfoxaflor, and acetamiprid (23.64-45.50 fold). These findings suggest evolved resistance to these insecticides in some populations of the two thrips. One population of F. occidentalis had a particularly high level of resistance overall, being the most resistant for five of the nine insecticides tested. Likewise, a population of T. palmi had high resistance to all nine insecticides, again suggesting the evolution of resistance to multiple chemicals. For F. occidentalis, the LC95 values of most populations were higher than the field-recommended dosage for all insecticides except chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate. For several T. palmi populations, the LC95 values also tended to be higher than recommended dosages, except in the case of emamectin benzoate and spinetoram. CONCLUSIONS Our study found interspecific and intraspecific variations in the susceptibility of two thrips to nine insecticides and multiple resistance in some populations, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and resistance management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jing Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Fu Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jing Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Qian Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony Ary Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wakil W, Gulzar S, Wu S, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS, Toews MD. Development of Insecticide Resistance in Field Populations of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:376. [PMID: 37103191 PMCID: PMC10142291 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated insecticide resistance in field populations of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), collected from eight different onion-growing regions of Punjab, Pakistan. These field-collected populations were assessed for resistance development against eight commonly used active ingredients including deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, spinosad, spinetoram, cypermethrin, and abamectin. In leaf dip bioassays, T. tabaci adults showed varied levels of resistance towards different insecticides. Moderate or high levels of resistance to deltamethrin (58-86 fold), lambda-cyhalothrin (20-63 fold), and cypermethrin (22-54 fold) were observed in T. tabaci field populations. There were very low to moderate resistance levels to imidacloprid (10-38 fold), acetamiprid (5-29 fold), and abamectin (10-30 fold). The lowest levels of resistance were detected in thrips exposed to spinosad (3-13 fold) and spinetoram (3-8 fold). Insecticide resistance levels varied among populations collected from various geographic locations, but all populations exhibited elevated levels of resistance to deltamethrin. Thrips tabaci populations with higher resistance levels were most commonly found from the southern part of Punjab, Pakistan. Our findings revealed that spinosyns could be used as alternatives to conventional insecticides for the successful management of T. tabaci in onion fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sehrish Gulzar
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Toews
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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20
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Mavridis K, Ilias A, Papapostolou KM, Varikou K, Michaelidou K, Tsagkarakou A, Vontas J. Molecular diagnostics for monitoring insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1615-1622. [PMID: 36562265 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance has emerged in various western flower thrips (WFT) populations across the world, threatening the efficiency of chemical control applications. Elucidation of insecticide resistance mechanisms at the molecular level provides markers for the development of diagnostics to monitor the trait and support evidence-based resistance management. RESULTS TaqMan and Droplet Digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) diagnostics were developed and validated, against Sanger sequencing, in individual and pooled WFT samples respectively, for the G275E mutation (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 gene, nAChR α6) associated with resistance to nAChR allosteric modulators, site I (spinosyns); L1014F, T929I, T929C and T292V mutations (voltage-gated sodium channel gene, vgsc) linked with pyrethroid resistance; and I1017M (chitin synthase 1 gene, chs1) conferring resistance to growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 (benzoylureas). The detection limits of ddPCR assays for mutant allelic frequencies (MAF) were in the range of 0.1%-0.2%. The assays were applied in nine WFT field populations from Crete, Greece. The G275E (MAF = 29.66%-100.0%), T929I and T929V (combined MAF = 100%), L1014F (MAF = 11.01%-37.29%), and I1017M (MAF = 17.74%-51.07%) mutations were present in all populations. CONCLUSION The molecular diagnostics panel that was developed in this study can facilitate the quick and sensitive resistance monitoring of WFT populations at the molecular level, to support evidence-based insecticide resistance management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mavridis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Varikou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsagkarakou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Silva LP, Souza IL, Marucci RC, Guzman-Martinez M. Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) as Nocturnal and Diurnal Predators of Thrips. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:263-272. [PMID: 35831705 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) are pests of several crops and their chemical control is mainly hindered by their thigmotactic habits, which in turn allows the use of biological control agents with similar habits. Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) are effective control agents for thrips and are commercialized in many countries. Habitat overlap exists between Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and thrips, making D. luteipes a potential predator in the control of these insects. Our goals were to confirm the predatory ability of D. luteipes when exposed to thrips, Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood), and to evaluate the interaction between D. luteipes and Orius insidiosus Say for the control of thrips using behavioral and feeding preference tests. The ability of D. luteipes and O. insidiosus to prey on thrips at all stages was tested by predation bioassays; adults of D. luteipes consumed 210.9 ± 23.2 thrips per day, while adults of O. insidiosus consumed 32.4 ± 3.6 thrips per day. Intraguild predation was absent, and the predatory behavior feeding of the two predatory species was not altered in the presence of the other predator. In addition, these predators forage at different times-O. insidiosus during the day and D. luteipes at night, indicating that both predators do not interact negatively, allowing the use of both in a biological pest control program for thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Lemos Souza
- Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Liu Y, Luo Y, Du L, Ban L. Antennal Transcriptome Analysis of Olfactory Genes and Characterization of Odorant Binding Proteins in Odontothrips loti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065284. [PMID: 36982358 PMCID: PMC10048907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify odors in complex environments accurately, insects have evolved multiple olfactory proteins. In our study, various olfactory proteins of Odontothrips loti Haliday, an oligophagous pest that primarily affects Medicago sativa (alfalfa), were explored. Specifically, 47 putative olfactory candidate genes were identified in the antennae transcriptome of O. loti, including seven odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), nine chemosensory proteins (CSPs), seven sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), eight odorant receptors (ORs), and sixteen ionotropic receptors (IRs). PCR analysis further confirmed that 43 out of 47 genes existed in O. loti adults, and O.lotOBP1, O.lotOBP4, and O.lotOBP6 were specifically expressed in the antennae with a male-biased expression pattern. In addition, both the fluorescence competitive binding assay and molecular docking showed that p-Menth-8-en-2-one, a component of the volatiles of the host, had strong binding ability to the O.lotOBP6 protein. Behavioral experiments showed that this component has a significant attraction to both female and male adults, indicating that O.lotOBP6 plays a role in host location. Furthermore, molecular docking reveals potential active sites in O.lotOBP6 that interact with most of the tested volatiles. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of O. loti odor-evoked behavior and the development of a highly specific and sustainable approach for thrip management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingning Luo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixiao Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Liping Ban
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Whitten MMA, Xue Q, Taning CNT, James R, Smagghe G, del Sol R, Hitchings M, Dyson P. A narrow host-range and lack of persistence in two non-target insect species of a bacterial symbiont exploited to deliver insecticidal RNAi in Western Flower Thrips. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1093970. [PMID: 38469480 PMCID: PMC10926499 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1093970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Insecticidal RNAi is a targeted pest insect population control measure. The specificity of insecticidal RNAi can theoretically be enhanced by using symbiotic bacteria with a narrow host range to deliver RNAi, an approach termed symbiont-mediated RNAi (SMR), a technology we have previously demonstrated in the globally-invasive pest species Western Flower Thrips (WFT). Methods Here we examine distribution of the two predominant bacterial symbionts of WFT, BFo1 and BFo2, among genome-sequenced insects. Moreover, we have challenged two non-target insect species with both bacterial species, namely the pollinating European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, and an insect predator of WFT, the pirate bug Orius laevigatus. Results Our data indicate a very limited distribution of either symbiont among insects other than WFT. Moreover, whereas BFo1 could establish itself in both bees and pirate bugs, albeit with no significant effects on insect fitness, BFo2 was unable to persist in either species. Discussion In terms of biosafety, these data, together with its more specific growth requirements, vindicate the choice of BFo2 for delivery of RNAi and precision pest management of WFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M. A. Whitten
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reuben James
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo del Sol
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hitchings
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Díaz MA, Osorio C, Coy-Barrera E, Rodríguez D. Semiochemicals Associated with the Western Flower Thrips Attraction: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. INSECTS 2023; 14:269. [PMID: 36975954 PMCID: PMC10053797 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the semiochemicals of the western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a relevant topic that spans the last two decades. Approximately a hundred articles published on this subject from 2000 to 2022 can be found in academic databases, representing approximately 5% of the research on this important pest. These topics have generated a platform for novel research with a high potential for development. However, to move on to a new research step, an effectiveness evaluation of the compounds discovered so far is necessary. This review conducted a systematic analysis of the research focused on the semiochemicals (kairomones, pheromones, and attractants) for this pest. Papers from the past three decades on WFT attraction to semiochemicals were collected from databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The number of individuals attracted to compounds was extracted from the papers and compiled for analysis. With this information, an attraction ratio was calculated. Forty-one possible attractants were found in the literature, with methyl isonicotinate being the most-studied compound so far, with the third-highest attraction ratio. δ-Decalactone was the compound with the highest attraction ratio, but it was one of the least studied. A meta-analysis of the WFT choosing proportion was performed for the compounds with more trials found in the literature. The predicted mean choice percentages for methyl isonicotinate (MIN) and Lurem-TR, the MIN's commercial product, were 76.6% and 66.6%, respectively. There was a convergence among the analyzed studies showing a high degree of research focus on the same group of nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly the pyridine structure). These findings call for future research to diversify the discovery and evaluation of attractive compounds in this relevant study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Díaz
- Biological Control Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Coralia Osorio
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 14490, Colombia
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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Yue WB, Zhou D, Li DY, Zhi JR, Fang XL, Qiu XY. Multigenerational variation in the nutrients and digestion of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) depends on the nutritive quality of different foods. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:12. [PMID: 37052364 PMCID: PMC10099749 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (WFTs), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), is one of the most serious pests that attack rose flowers. Little is known about the effect of different parts of the rose flower on nutritional contents and digestive enzyme activities in thrips. This study assessed variations in the nutritional contents and digestive enzyme activities in the second-instar larvae and adults WFTs fed on 3 food types (rose petals, rose flowers, and honey solution + kidney bean pods) for multiple generations. The highest contents of soluble sugar (in 10% honey solution + kidney bean pods), amino acid (in rose flowers), and protein (in rose flowers) were observed, respectively. Soluble sugar and protein contents in the second-instar larvae and adults fed on rose petals decreased in the F1 generation but increased in the F2 generation and remained at higher levels until the F7 generation. Feeding of thrips with 3 food types increased the lipid content in the F1 generation, which peaked in the F2 generation and remained high until the F7 generation. In most cases, α-amylase and trypsin activities significantly decreased in the F1 generation after feeding on rose petals and then prominently increased in the F2 generation. In contrast, chymotrypsin activity remarkably increased and peaked in the F1 generation after second-instar larvae thrips fed on rose petals. There were correlations among the contents of 3 nutrient related positively with the activities of α-amylase and trypsin in WFTs second-instar larvae and adults, respectively. Overall, variations in the nutrient properties of the 3 food types caused changes in nutrient contents and digestive enzyme activities in thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bo Yue
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- Qingzhen City Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Guiyang, Guizhou 551400, China
| | - Ding Yin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | | | - Xin Lei Fang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Yue Qiu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Liu J, Di N, Zhang K, Trumble JT, Zhu Z, Wang S, Zang L. Cadmium contamination triggers negative bottom-up effects on the growth and reproduction of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) without disrupting the foraging behavior of its predator, Orius sauteri (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43126-43136. [PMID: 36648731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contaminants may influence tri-trophic interactions among plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies and affect the results of pest management practices. We examined how the widely distributed heavy metal cadmium (Cd) could modify interactions between kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and a predator, Orius sauteri (Poppius) by examining Cd effects on the feeding damage on leaves, the growth and reproduction of the thrips, and the feeding and plant location selection behaviors of predators. Leaf feeding damage was significantly reduced only at the highest Cd treatment (625 mg L-1). Survival, reproduction, and population growth of thrips decreased with the increase of Cd treatment concentration (0, 25, and 625 mg L-1). The reproduction rate of thrips from the highest Cd treatment group was reduced to less than 30% of the controls. Predator choice of plants was not impacted at the lowest level of Cd treatment (25 mg L-1) when prey were excluded, but the predators were deterred from plants treated at the high level of Cd (625 mg L-1). However, the predators responded strongly to the presence of prey, and the Cd-based deterrence was effectively eliminated when prey were added. Thus, the presence of Cd can cause a bottom-up effect on the fitness of pests without disrupting the foraging behavior of its predator. Our results provide baseline data on the toxic impacts on the pest and predator, and indicate that the ecology of the system and the biological control efficiency would be potentially impacted by high levels of Cd (625 mg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Di
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100122, People's Republic of China
| | - John T Trumble
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhengyang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Mbata GN, Simmons AM. Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Beneficials on Different Snap Bean Cultivars. INSECTS 2023; 14:230. [PMID: 36975915 PMCID: PMC10054361 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Snap bean is an important crop in the United States. Insecticides are commonly used against pests on snap bean, but many pests have developed resistance to the insecticides and beneficials are threatened by the insecticides. Therefore, host plant resistance is a sustainable alternative. Population dynamics of insect pests and beneficials were assessed on 24 snap bean cultivars every week for six weeks. The lowest number of sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) eggs was observed on cultivar 'Jade', and the fewest nymphs were found on cultivars 'Gold Mine', 'Golden Rod', 'Long Tendergreen', and 'Royal Burgundy'. The numbers of potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) and tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) adults were the lowest on cultivars 'Greencrop' and 'PV-857'. The highest numbers of adults were found in Week 1 (25 days following plant emergence) for B. tabaci and Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis); Week 3 for cucumber beetle, kudzu bug (Megacopta cribraria), and E. fabae; Weeks 3 and 4 for thrips; Week 4 for L. lineolaris; and Weeks 5 and 6 for bees. Temperature and relative humidity correlated with B. tabaci, E. varivestis, bee, and predator ladybird beetle populations. These results provide valuable information on the integrated pest management of snap beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - George N. Mbata
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
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A push-pull strategy to control the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, using alarm and aggregation pheromones. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279646. [PMID: 36827422 PMCID: PMC9956899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first report in 1993 in Korea, the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, has been found in various crops throughout the country. Although more than 20 different chemical insecticides are registered to control this insect pest, its outbreaks seriously damage crop yields, especially in greenhouses. This study developed a non-chemical technique to control F. occidentalis infesting hot peppers cultivated in greenhouses. The method was based on behavioral control using an alarm pheromone ("Push") to prevent the entry of the thrips into greenhouses and an aggregation pheromone ("Pull") for mass trapping inside the greenhouses. The greenhouse fences were treated with a wax formulation of the alarm pheromone and a yellow CAN trap covered with sticky material containing the aggregation pheromone was constructed and deployed inside the greenhouses. Field assay demonstrated the efficacy of the push-pull tactics by reducing thrips density in flowers of the hot peppers as well as in the monitoring traps. Especially, the enhanced mass trapping to the CAN trap compared to the conventional yellow sticky trap led to significant reduction in the thrips population. This novel push-pull technique would be applicable to effectively control F. occidentalis in field conditions.
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Visschers IGS, Macel M, Peters JL, Sergeeva L, Bruin J, van Dam NM. Exploring Thrips Preference and Resistance in Flowers, Leaves, and Whole Plants of Ten Capsicum Accessions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:825. [PMID: 36840173 PMCID: PMC9960883 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum species grown for pepper production suffer severely from thrips damage, urging the identification of natural resistance. Resistance levels are commonly assessed on leaves. However, Capsicum plants are flower-bearing during most of the production season, and thrips also feed on pollen and flower tissues. In order to obtain a comprehensive estimate of elements contributing to thrips resistance, flower tissues should be considered as well. Therefore, we assessed resistance to Frankliniella occidentalis in flowers, leaves, and whole plants of ten Capsicum accessions. Using choice assays, we found that thrips prefer flowers of certain accessions over others. The preference of adult thrips for flowers was positively correlated to trehalose and fructose concentration in anthers as well as to pollen quantity. Resistance measured on leaf discs and thrips population development on whole plants was significantly and positively correlated. Leaf-based resistance thus translates to reduced thrips population development. Results of the flower assays were not significantly correlated with resistance in leaves or on whole plants. This suggests that both leaves and flowers represent a different part of the resistance spectrum and should both be considered for understanding whole plant resistance and the identification of resistant Capsicum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirka Macel
- Weerbare Planten, Aeres University of Applied Science, Arboretum West 98, 1325 WB Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Janny L. Peters
- Plant Systems Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lidiya Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Bruin
- Syngenta, Westeinde 62, 1601 BK Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Leibniz-Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
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30
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Temporal decline of genetic differentiation among populations of western flower thrips across an invaded range. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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31
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Ren X, Li X, Huang J, Zhang Z, Hafeez M, Zhang J, Chen L, Zhou S, Zhang L, Lu Y. Linking life table and predation rate for evaluating temperature effects on Orius strigicollis for the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1026115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionOrius spp. are generalist predators released in horticultural and agricultural systems to control thrips. Understanding the effects of temperature on the development, predation rate, and population dynamics of Orius is essential for identifying the optimal timing of Orius release for establishing an adequate population to facilitate synchrony with thrips population growth and to prevent thrips outbreaks. The biological control efficiency of natural enemies as well as predator–prey relationships can be precisely described by integrating life table parameters and the predation rate.MethodsIn this study, the demographic features of Orius strigicollis fed on 2nd instar nymphs of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, were compared at 18.5, 23.5, 27, and 33°C using the TWOSEX-MSChart program. The CONSUME-MSChart program was used to examine predation rates under different temperatures (18.5, 23.5, and 27°C).ResultsThe results showed no significant difference in fecundity among those reared at 18.5, 23.5, and 27°C, but fecundity at these temperatures was significantly higher than that at 33°C. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) were the highest at 27°C. The net predation rate (C0) and transformation rate (Qp) were significantly higher at 18.5°C (C0 = 168.39 prey/predator, Qp = 8.22) and 23.5°C (C0 = 140.49 prey/predator, Qp = 6.03) than at 27°C (C0 = 138.39 prey/predator, Qp= 3.81); however, the finite predation rate (ω) showed the opposite trend. In addition to temperature, the stage of O. strigicollis at release can affect population dynamics.DiscussionOur study showed that temperature influenced the demographic traits and predation rates of O. strigicollis. When planning a release, the stage of O. strigicollis and temperature should be taken into account to establish an adequate population for the control of WFT.
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Huang WQ, Zeng G, Zhi JR, Qiu XY, Yin ZJ. Exogenous Calcium Suppresses the Oviposition Choices of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Promotes the Attraction of Orius similis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) by Altering Volatile Blend Emissions in Kidney Bean Plants. INSECTS 2022; 13:1127. [PMID: 36555037 PMCID: PMC9785530 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is a destructive pest of horticultural plants, while Orius similis is a natural enemy of thrips. It has been demonstrated that exogenous calcium could induce plant defenses against herbivore attack. We examined whether CaCl2 supplementation altered the volatile emissions of kidney bean plants, which influence the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. We also assessed the influence of volatile cues on O. similis. Using Y-tube olfactometer tests, we found that exogenous CaCl2 treatment inhibited the selectivity of F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. In addition, CaCl2 treatment reduced the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that CaCl2 treatment altered the number and relative abundance of the volatile compounds in kidney bean plants and that (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, β-lonone, and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal might be potential olfactory cues. Furthermore, the results of the six-arm olfactometer test indicated that 1-octen-3-ol (10-2 μL/μL), β-lonone (10-2 μL/μL), and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (10-3 μL/μL) repelled F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. Overall, our results suggested that exogenous CaCl2 treatment induced defense responses in kidney bean plants, suggesting that CaCl2 supplementation may be a promising strategy to enhance the biological control of F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qing Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qiu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Yin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Chen JC, Cao LJ, Sun LN, Gao YF, Cao HQ, Ma ZZ, Ma LJ, Shen XJ, Wang JX, Gong YJ, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Variation in the toxicity of a novel meta-diamide insecticide, broflanilide, among thrips pest species and developmental stages. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5090-5096. [PMID: 36102347 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrips pests cause increasing damage to crops around the world. Widespread usage of some insecticides against thrips has now led to the evolution of resistance to several active ingredients, and new insecticides are required. This study examined the toxicity of the novel insecticide broflanilide to multiple populations of several thrips pests. RESULTS Bioassays showed that thrips populations had LC50 values ranging from 0.5 to almost 300 mg·L-1 . A population of Frankliniella occidentalis had the highest LC50 value at 290.63 mg·L-1 , while a population of Echinothrips americanus had the lowest LC50 value at 0.51 mg L-1 . LC50 values among seven populations of Thrips palmi ranged from 2.5689 to 23.6754 mg·L-1 , indicating intraspecific variation in toxicity. In this species, the toxicity of broflanilide was relatively higher in adults than in larvae. More than 90% of eggs of T. palmi could not develop into larvae when treated with 5-50 mg L-1 broflanilide. Compared to five commonly used insecticides, broflanilide showed relatively high toxicity to T. palmi. Field control tests with T. palmi showed that control efficacy (from 90.44% to 93.14%) was maintained from day three to day 14 after treatment with 22.5 and 45 ga.i hm-1 broflanilide. CONCLUSION Broflanilide is potentially a useful insecticide for controlling Thrips hawaiiensis, Frankliniella intonsa, Megalurothrips usitatus. E. americanus, and some populations of T. palmi. However, the variation in toxicity of this insecticide to different species, populations, and developmental stages indicates that target species and life stages may need to be carefully considered. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hua-Qian Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cahill PL, Davidson IC, Atalah JA, Cornelisen C, Hopkins GA. Toward integrated pest management in bivalve aquaculture. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4427-4437. [PMID: 35759345 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pests of bivalve aquaculture are a challenging problem that can reduce productivity, profitability and sustainability. A range of pest management approaches have been developed for bivalve aquaculture, but a general absence of guiding frameworks has limited the scale and permanency of implementation. Applying principles of 'integrated pest management' (IPM) could change this paradigm to improve economic and environmental outcomes. We reviewed existing research and tools for pest management in bivalve aquaculture, with studies grouped under five pillars of IPM: pest ecology (25 studies), bioeconomic cost-benefits (4 studies), continual monitoring (17 studies), proactive prevention (32 studies) and reactive control (65 studies). This body of knowledge, along with insights from terrestrial agriculture, provide a strong foundation for developing and implementing IPM in bivalve aquaculture. For example, IPM principles have been applied by a regional collective of oyster farmers in the US Pacific Northwest to optimize pesticide application and search for other options to control problematic burrowing shrimps. However, IPM has not yet been broadly applied in aquaculture, and data gaps and barriers to implementation need to be addressed. Priorities include establishing meaningful pest-crop bioeconomic relationships for various bivalve farming systems and improving the efficacy and operational scale of treatment approaches. An IPM framework also could guide potential step-change improvements through directing selective breeding for resistance to pests, development of bespoke chemical control agents, applying emerging technologies for remote surveillance and farm management, and regional alignment of management interventions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Aslam H, Mushtaq S, Maalik S, Bano N, Eed EM, Bibi A, Tahir A, Ijaz I, Tanwir S, Khalifa AS. Exploring the effect of Jasmonic Acid for Aphids control for improving the yield of Triticum aestivum varieties. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14018. [PMID: 36320566 PMCID: PMC9618260 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biotic and abiotic factors influence the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Among biological agents, aphids are destructive pests effecting wheat yield drastically. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of foliar Jasmonic acid spray on aphid population as well as on plant growth during aphid infestation in two wheat varieties i.e., Borlaug-2015 and Zincol-2015. Plants are cultivated in pots and treated with jasmonic acid at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM (JA). The results revealed that length of shoot and roots decreased after aphid stress and was improved (21-24%) by JA spray. Photosynthetic pigments increased after applying the jasmonic acid spray compared to control plants. Jasmonic acid spray helped the plants to recover from aphid stress by enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes CAT (Catalase) (65-71%), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) (71-74%) and POD (Peroxidase) (61-65%). Consequent to improved defence system, plants treated with JA had fewer aphids as compared to control (60-73% reduction), 24 h after spray. The higher concentration of JA (1 mM) proved more effective as compared to 0.1 mM jasmonic acid. Moreover, Zincol-2015 appeared tolerant as compared to Borlaug-2015 against aphid infestation. The application of jasmonic acid as an exogenous foliar application showed an overall positive impact on the physiological and biochemical attributes of both varieties. It helps the plants to enhance resistance against the biotic stress and can be adopted as future alternative for aphid management. However, detailed studies regarding understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms are needed to optimize the mode for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Maalik
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Bano
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Emad M. Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Bibi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Ijaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amany S. Khalifa
- Department of clinical Pathology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang T, Liu L, Zhi JR, Jia YL, Yue WB, Zeng G, Li DY. Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase FoCCS1 in Frankliniella occidentalis May Be Associated with Feeding Adaptation after Host Shifting. INSECTS 2022; 13:782. [PMID: 36135483 PMCID: PMC9501208 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) pose a serious threat to the global vegetable and flower crop production. The regulatory mechanism for superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the feeding adaptation of F. occidentalis after host shifting remains unclear. In this study, the copper chaperone for SOD (CCS) and manganese SOD (MnSOD) genes in F. occidentalis were cloned, and their expression levels at different developmental stages was determined. The mRNA expression of FoCCS1 and FoMnSOD2 in F. occidentalis second-instar larvae and adult females of F1, F2, and F3 generations was analyzed after shifting the thrips to kidney bean and broad bean plants, respectively. The F2 and F3 second-instar larvae and F2 adult females showed significantly upregulated FoCCS1 mRNA expression after shifting to kidney bean plants. The F1 second-instar larvae and F2 adult females showed significantly upregulated FoCCS1 mRNA expression after shifting to broad bean plants. The RNA interference significantly downregulated the FoCCS1 mRNA expression levels and adult females showed significantly inhibited SOD activity after shifting to kidney bean and broad bean plants. F. occidentalis adult females subjected to RNA interference and released on kidney bean and broad bean leaves for rearing, respectively, significantly reduced the survival rate and fecundity. These findings suggest that FoCCS1 plays an active role in regulating the feeding adaptation ability of F. occidentalis after host shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Lian Jia
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yue
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ding-Yin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Li D, Zhi J, Yue W, Zhang T, Liu L. Resistance to Spinetoram Affects Host Adaptability of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Based on Detoxifying Enzyme Activities and an Age-Stage-Two-Sex Life Table. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:780-789. [PMID: 35834261 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The western flower thrip (WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is a serious agricultural pest with a wide host range which has developed resistance to several groups of insecticides. In this study, the effect of insecticide resistance on WFT host adaptability was explored by examining changes in detoxification enzyme activities and thrip development, and reproduction on preferred and less preferred host plants, eggplant Solanum melongena L. and broad bean Vicia faba L., respectively. Thrips were screened with spinetoram on kidney bean for six generations. Activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), mixed function oxidases (MFOs), and cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450) in a resistant strain (RS) reared on broad bean were significantly higher than those in a sensitive strain (SS), and only carboxylesterase (CarE) increased in the RS when reared on eggplant, compared with the SS. Activities of the four detoxification enzymes in the RS reared on broad bean were significantly higher than in those reared-on eggplant. On broad bean, RS adult longevity was lower and developmental duration of offspring was shorter than those of the SS, but fecundity increased. On eggplant, RS fecundity was lower and developmental duration of offspring was shorter than those of the SS. In addition, fecundity was higher and developmental duration was longer in the RS reared on broad bean than in those reared-on eggplant. The results indicated that spinetoram resistance could change WFT host preference and that those changes might be associated with detoxification enzyme activities. Thus, it was hypothesized that adaptability of the RS to the less preferred host broad bean increased, whereas adaptability to the preferred host eggplant decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Junrui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yue
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
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Yin P, Zhang S, Liu J, Liao X, Zhou G, Yang J, Wang B, Yang B. Preparation, binding behaviours and thermal stability of inclusion complexes between (Z)‐jasmone and acyclic cucurbit[n]urils. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Yin
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Kunming China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Jing Liu
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Kunming China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Guiyuan Zhou
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Kunming China
| | - Jing Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Baoxing Wang
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Kunming China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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Cruz-Esteban S, Brito-Bonifacio I, Estrada-Valencia D, Garay-Serrano E. Mortality of Orius insidiosus by contact with spinosad in the laboratory as well as in the field and a perspective of these as controllers of Frankliniella occidentalis. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2022; 47:93-99. [PMID: 35800393 PMCID: PMC9184249 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d22-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Orius insidiosus, known as the pirate bug, is widely distributed throughout the Americas. It is employed for the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis in organic berry crops in Mexico. In conventional crops, spinosad is the main control method for this pest. The LD50 of spinosad on O. insidiosus was determined. In addition, we monitored the population density of F. occidentalis in blackberry crops under two types of management (biochemical+mass trapping, and biological control). The LD50 was 225.65 ppm 3.8 times greater than the 60 ppm dose commonly used in blackberry crops. Both types of control are efficient; however, spinosad is less effective and should be combined with other environmentally friendly strategies. The possibility of combining chromatic traps+spinosad application and chromatic traps+strategic release of O. insidiosus to effectively control thrips without compromising fruit quality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cruz-Esteban
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
- CONACyT, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, 03940 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Irais Brito-Bonifacio
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
| | - David Estrada-Valencia
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Edith Garay-Serrano
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México
- CONACyT, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, 03940 Ciudad de México, México
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Wu M, Dong Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Chang L, Loiacono FV, Ruf S, Zhang J, Bock R. Efficient control of western flower thrips by plastid-mediated RNA interference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120081119. [PMID: 35380896 PMCID: PMC9169809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastid-mediated RNA interference (PM-RNAi) has emerged as a promising strategy for pest control. Expression from the plastid genome of stable double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeted against essential insect genes can effectively control some herbivorous beetles, but little is known about the efficacy of the transplastomic approach in other groups of pest insects, especially nonchewing insects that do not consume large amounts of leaf material. Here we have investigated the susceptibility of the western flower thrip (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis), a notorious pest in greenhouses and open fields, to PM-RNAi. We show that WFTs ingest chloroplasts and take up plastid-expressed dsRNAs. We generated a series of transplastomic tobacco plants expressing dsRNAs and hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs) targeted against four essential WFT genes. Unexpectedly, we discovered plastid genome instability in transplastomic plants expressing hpRNAs, suggesting that dsRNA cassettes are preferable over hpRNA cassettes when designing PM-RNAi strategies. Feeding studies revealed that, unlike nuclear transgenic plants, transplastomic plants induced a potent RNAi response in WFTs, causing efficient suppression of the targeted genes and high insect mortality. Our study extends the application range of PM-RNAi technology to an important group of nonchewing insects, reveals design principles for the construction of dsRNA-expressing transplastomic plants, and provides an efficient approach to control one of the toughest insect pests in agriculture and horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - F. Vanessa Loiacono
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Fan Z, Qian L, Chen Y, Fan R, He S, Gao Y, Gui F. Effects of elevated CO 2 on activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes in Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa under spinetoram stress. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:274-286. [PMID: 34480397 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated CO2 can directly affect the toxicity of insecticides to insects and the physiological response of insects to insecticides. Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa are highly destructive pests that target horticultural crops. Spinetoram is an effective pesticide against thrips. This study sought to explore the effect of elevated CO2 on efficacy of spinetoram against F. occidentalis and F. intonsa and effect of the spinetoram on activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes under elevated CO2 . Notably, these enzymes can be exploited in further studies to develop interventions for thrips resistance management. RESULTS Toxicity bioassay showed that the LC50 values of F. occidentalis and F. intonsa exposed to spinetoram at elevated CO2 (800 μL L-1 concentration) for 48 h was 0.08 and 0.006 mg L-1 , respectively, which is 0.62 and 0.75 times of the values at ambient CO2 (400 μL L-1 concentration). The findings showed that elevated CO2 decreased activities of the superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase in thrips, while increasing the activities of carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase. However, spinetoram increased activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes in both thrips under the two CO2 levels. Elevated CO2 and spinetoram affect the physiological enzyme activity in thrips synergistically, and the activities of analyzed enzymes were generally higher in F. occidentalis than in F. intonsa. CONCLUSION Elevated CO2 amplifies the efficacy of spinetoram on thrips, F. intonsa is more susceptibility to spinetoram than F. occidentalis and the latter showed better adaptation to adverse conditions than the former. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuqi He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Lin T, Zeng Z, Chen Y, You Y, Hu J, Yang F, Wei H. Compatibility of six reduced-risk insecticides with Orius strigicollis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) predators for controlling Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112812. [PMID: 34571423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contact toxicity assessments of six reduced risk insecticides were carried out to compare their selectivity and sensitivity toward the minute pirate bug Orius strigicollis and its prey Thrips hawaiiensis. Additionally, and their potential exposure risk were evaluated for O. strigicollis. The LR50 value of acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, cyetpyrafen, and indoxacarb to T. hawaiiensis were 0.126, 2.093, 7.486, and 2.264 g a.i. ha-1, respectively, far less than the maximum field recommended rate (MFRR) for each. These four insecticides showed higher selectivity for predator and prey with selectivity ratio values of 37.3, 14.8, 22.1, and 119.3, respectively. However, the LR50 value of acetamiprid and emamectin benzoate were lower than MFRR, and unacceptable (approximately unacceptable for emamectin benzoate) risk to O. strigicollis in in-field, and the opposite results were shown in cyetpyrafen and indoxacarb. Although T. hawaiiensis was more sensitive to abamectin than O. strigicollis, the insecticide had poor selectivity for both test insects. The LR50 value of spirotetramat was more than 3 fold MFRR for T. hawaiiensis and O. strigicollis, showing extremely low contact toxicity and selectivity. In general, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, cyetpyrafen, and indoxacarb showed high bioactivity against T. hawaiiensis, but only cyetpyrafen and indoxacarb could be well compatible with O. strigicollis, the combination of two insecticides with O. strigicollis indicated a potential strategy for the efficient and safe control of T. hawaiiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China
| | - Zhaohua Zeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China
| | - Yong You
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China
| | - Hui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, PR China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, PR China.
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Kordestani M, Mahdian K, Baniameri V, Sheikhi Garjan A. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Proteus, Matrine, and Pyridalyl on Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1137-1144. [PMID: 34279589 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is one of the most harmful pests of crops in greenhouses and fields. Considering the need for studies that introduce new insecticides for control of the WFT, the leaf dip method was carried out to study the acute toxicity of Proteus, matrine, and pyridalyl to adult thrips, and life tables were constructed to assess the impacts of sublethal concentrations (LC25) of these insecticides on the development and reproduction of the F1 generation. Bioassays showed that the toxicity of matrine (LC50: 45.9 µl ml-1) and Proteus (LC50: 54.5 µl ml-1) was higher than pyridalyl (LC50: 176.5 µl ml-1). At LC25 concentration, both Proteus and matrine prolonged the development period and reduced the survival rate of eggs, larval stages, and pupae in the F1 generation. Also, the adults' longevity, oviposition duration, and the cumulative number of eggs laid per female (fecundity) were decreased significantly. Sublethal concentrations of Proteus and matrine inhibited the population growth rate relative to the control based on the predicted number of offspring. The lowest net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were estimated for Proteus (7.02 offspring/individual, 0. 0838 d-1, and 1. 08 d-1, respectively). In contrast, the WFT F1 generation that resulted from parent adults treated with pyridalyl was neither affected in their developmental time, nor fecundity, or the intrinsic rate of increase. According to our findings, all tested insecticides, especially Proteus, showed good potential for use in integrated pest management strategies against F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kordestani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Kamran Mahdian
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Valiollah Baniameri
- Department of Plant Protection, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Sheikhi Garjan
- Department of Plant Protection, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
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Yuan JW, Zheng Y, Chang YW, Bai J, Qin J, Du YZ. Differential regulation of antioxidant enzymes in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) exposed to thermal stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12089. [PMID: 34532162 PMCID: PMC8404573 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is an invasive insect pest that incites damage to ornamental and agronomic crops on a global scale. In this study, the effects of temperature on gene expression and enzyme activity were studied for superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in F. occidentalis. SOD, POD and GST enzyme activity increased significantly at 35–37 °C but declined as the temperature increased to 41 °C. In a time course study at 35 °C, SOD, POD and GST activities were significantly elevated at 0.5, 1 and 2 h in comparison to the control at 26 °C. Expression patterns were evaluated for the three antioxidant genes under high and low temperature stress. In a time course study at –4 °C, SOD, POD and GST expression peaked at 1 h and declined at 2 h of exposure. In contrast, when transcription was monitored at 35 °C, expression was lowest at 1 h and increased at 2 h. The results provide data that will be useful in deciphering the role of antioxidant enzymes in the adaptation of F. occidentalis to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Life Table and Preference Choice of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Kidney Bean Plants Treated by Exogenous Calcium. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090838. [PMID: 34564278 PMCID: PMC8471031 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is an invasive key pest that damages vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. The activation of induced resistance by chemicals may provide a simple and feasible way of achieving improvement of resistance to stress in crop plants, which is an important technology for the development of sustainable agriculture. Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for plants; numerous studies have shown that Ca can confer crop plants with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. For the first time, we report the negative effects of exogenous Ca on kidney bean plants in relation to the performance of F. occidentalis, including a reduced preference of thrips. Therefore, Ca could potentially be used to control F. occidentalis. Abstract Exogenous calcium (Ca) has been used to induce host plant resistance in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including from thrips attack. The aim of this study was to determine whether exogenously applied Ca affects the performance of Frankliniella occidentalis. We assessed the development time, total longevity, reproduction, and population parameters of F. occidentalis, and its preference choice on Ca-treated or untreated control kidney bean plants under laboratory conditions. The results showed that F. occidentalis fed on Ca-treated leaves had a longer developmental time but lower longevity (female and male) and fecundity than F. occidentalis fed on control leaves. Population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0), were all found higher in control leaves than in Ca-treated leaves, and the mean generation time (T) was shorter. In preference choices, the number of thrips on control plants was higher than the number of thrips on Ca-treated kidney bean plants. Overall, our results indicated that exogenous Ca pretreatment on kidney bean plants affected the life history and preference choice of F. occidentalis, suggesting Ca might be used as a promising elicitor of inducible plant defense against thrips.
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Bowers C, Toews MD, Schmidt JM. Winter cover crops shape early‐season predator communities and trophic interactions. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carson Bowers
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA
| | - Michael D. Toews
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA
| | - Jason M. Schmidt
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA
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Schausberger P, Çekin D, Litin A. Learned predators enhance biological control via organizational upward and trophic top-down cascades. J Appl Ecol 2021; 58:158-166. [PMID: 33536685 PMCID: PMC7839590 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Learning is a behavioural change based on memory of previous experiences and a ubiquitous phenomenon in animals. Learning effects are commonly life-stage- and age-specific. In many animals, early life experiences lead to pervasive and persistent behavioural changes.There is broad consensus that learning has far-reaching implications to biological control. Proximate and ultimate factors of individual learning by parasitoids and true predators are relatively well understood, yet the consequences of learning to higher organizational levels, populations and communities, and top-down trophic cascades are unexplored.We addressed this issue using a tri-trophic system consisting of predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii, Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and whole common bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris. F. occidentalis are notorious horticultural pests that are difficult to control. Therefore, practitioners have much to gain by optimizing biological control of thrips.Previous studies have shown that early life experience of thrips by A. swirskii improves foraging on thrips later in life due to decreased prey recognition times and increased predation rates, together enhancing predator fecundity. Here, we hypothesized that early learning by A. swirskii enhances biological control of thrips via immediate and cascading effects. We predicted that release of thrips-experienced predators enhances predator population growth and thrips suppression and reduces plant damage as compared to release of thrips-naïve predators.The behavioural changes brought about by early learning cascaded up to the population and community levels. Thrips-experienced predators caused favourable immediate and cascading effects that could not be compensated for in populations founded by thrips-naïve predators. Populations founded by thrips-experienced predators grew faster, reached higher abundances, were more efficacious in suppressing an emerging thrips population and kept plant damage at lower levels than populations founded by thrips-naïve predators. Plant fecundity correlated negatively with thrips abundance and positively with predatory mite abundance. Improved biological control was mainly due to thrips-experienced founders providing for a head-start in predator population growth and thrips suppression. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that learned natural enemies have high potential to optimize augmentative biological control on a larger scale due to favourably modulating organizational upward and trophic top-down cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schausberger
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and BehaviorDepartment of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Demet Çekin
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and BehaviorDepartment of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Alena Litin
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Mouden S, Leiss KA, Uthe H, Klinkhamer PG. Water Dipping of Auxin Coated Chrysanthemum Cuttings Confers Protection against Insect Herbivores. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110790. [PMID: 33198105 PMCID: PMC7697673 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cultivated chrysanthemums are one of the most economically important ornamental greenhouse crops worldwide. Classical breeding programs have mainly focused on improving aesthetic characteristics to meet the continuous increasing customer demands for new flower varieties. Consequently, commercial cultivars often lack insect resistance traits. Among the most important production constraints are biotic foes, in particular thrips and leaf miner infestations form a prominent hazard during its vegetative state. To maintain the desired aesthetic characteristics, clonal commercial propagation is aided by the use of auxin hormones for root promotion. This study aims to evaluate the potential of root promoting auxins in antiherbivore defenses. We demonstrate that water dipping of unrooted basal cut ends, coated with the commercial rooting hormone indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), conferred protection in chrysanthemum against thrips and leaf miner. Our findings add an interesting twist to the traditional role of auxins. We advocate a new twist of auxins beyond its traditional role in rooting in order to maximize plant yield by reducing herbivory through feasible, cost-effective water dipping treatments. Abstract Auxins are commonly used for commercial propagation of chrysanthemums by stem cuttings. Recent studies imply that these root-promoting hormones also affect plant defense responses. The underlying motive of this study stems from the serendipitous observation that water dipping of auxin-coated cuttings beneficially affected thrips herbivory. Therefore, the primary objective of this investigation was to explore the role of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in relation to herbivore susceptibility in chrysanthemum. We observed contrasting findings concerning the physical presence of IBA and it’s role in promoting susceptibility of cuttings to thrips, which may in part be explained by the phenotypical variations of cuttings generated from mother plants. Nonetheless, we repeatedly demonstrated considerable protection, in some experiments up to 37%, against thrips and leaf miner upon water dipping of IBA-coated cuttings. Assessment of polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO), 14 days after dipping treatment, suggests that neither direct induction nor priming of plant defenses are involved. Future experiments aimed at understanding the early signaling events may help to explain the underlying mechanisms involved in conferring herbivore protection. We propose a dual role for auxins in early integrated pest management strategies to maximize plant development and minimize herbivory through feasible, cost-effective water dipping treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Mouden
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & Research, Violierenweg 1, 2665 MV Bleiswijk, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)6-2012-4634
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & Research, Violierenweg 1, 2665 MV Bleiswijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Henriette Uthe
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Gena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter G.L. Klinkhamer
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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Mouden S, Kappers IF, Klinkhamer PGL, Leiss KA. Cultivar Variation in Tomato Seed Coat Permeability Is an Important Determinant of Jasmonic Acid Elicited Defenses Against Western Flower Thrips. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:576505. [PMID: 33262775 PMCID: PMC7686761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.576505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Induction of defenses is one of the most widely accepted eco-friendly approaches for management of pests and diseases. Seeds are receptive to resistance-inducing chemicals and could offer broad-spectrum protection at the early stages of development. However, seed treatment with elicitors has previously been shown to differentially influence induced defense responses among cultivars and thus, could hamper commercial exploitation. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the genotype-dependent ability of jasmonic acid (JA) to induce resistance against western flower thrips (WFT) at the seed stage. We examined the variation in inducibility of resistance in eight commercial tomato cultivars. Causal factors accounting for discrepancies in JA-induced responses at the seed stage were phenotypically and biochemically evaluated. Seed receptivity to exogenous JA appeared to be cultivar dependent. Thrips associated silver damage was only reduced in JA seed-treated plants of cultivar Carousel. Enhancement of resistance, was not associated with activation of defense-related traits such as polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO), trichomes or volatiles. Sulfuric acid scarification, prior to JA seed incubation, significantly augmented the embryonic responsiveness to JA in cv. Moneymaker without an adverse effect on growth. Hence, these results support the hypothesis that seed coat permeability is a key factor for successfully inducing JA mediated thrips defenses. The outcome of our study is of translational value as it creates opportunities for the seed industry to perform pre-treatments on non-responsive cultivars as well as for tomato breeding programs to select for genetic traits that affect seed permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Mouden
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Business Unit Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research, Bleiswijk, Netherlands
| | - Iris F. Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Zhou Y, Zou X, Zhi J, Xie J, Jiang T. Fast Recognition of Lecanicillium spp., and Its Virulence Against Frankliniella occidentalis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:561381. [PMID: 33193147 PMCID: PMC7642397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a highly rasping-sucking pest of numerous crops. The entomogenous fungi of Lecanicillium spp. are important pathogens of insect pests, and some species have been developed as commercial biopesticides. To explore Lecanicillium spp. resources in the development of more effective F. occidentalis controls, efficient barcode combinations for strain identification were screened from internal transcribed spacers (ITS), SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1, and RPB2 genes. RESULTS Six genes were used to reconstruct Lecanicillium genus phylogeny. The results showed that ITS, TEF, RPB1, and RPB2 could be used to identify the strains. All phylogenetic trees reconstructed by free combination of these four genes exhibited almost the same topology. Bioassay studies of a purified conidial suspension further confirmed the infection of second-instar nymphs and adult female F. occidentalis by seven Lecanicillium strains. L. attenuatum strain GZUIFR-lun1405 was the most virulent, killing approximately 91.67% F. occidentalis adults and 76.67% nymphs after a 7-day exposure. L. attenuatum strain GZUIFR-lun1405 and L. cauligalbarum strain GZUIFR-ZHJ01 were selected to compare the fungal effects on the number of eggs laid by F. occidentalis. The number of F. occidentalis nymphs significantly decreased when F. occidentalis adults were treated with L. cauligalbarum strain GZUIFR-ZHJ01. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ITS and RPB1 could be used for fast recognition of Lecanicillium spp. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of L. attenuatum, L. cauligalbarum, L araneogenum, and L. aphanocladii against F. occidentalis. Additionally, L. cauligalbarum strain GZUIFR-ZHJ01 caused high F. occidentalis mortality and inhibited the fecundity of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junrui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiqin Xie
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
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