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Bona NP, Pedra NS, Spohr L, da Silva Dos Santos F, Saraiva JT, Carvalho FB, da Cruz Fernandes M, Fernandes AS, Saraiva N, Martins MF, Tavares RG, Spanevello RM, Aguiar MSSD, Stefanello FM. Antitumoral Activity of Cecropia Pachystachya Leaves Extract in Vitro and in Vivo Model of Rat Glioma: Brain and Blood Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:8234-8252. [PMID: 38483655 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antiglioma effect of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (CEC) leaves extract against C6 and U87 glioblastoma (GB) cells and in a rat preclinical GB model. The CEC extract reduced in vitro cell viability and biomass. In vivo, the extract decreased the tumor volume approximately 62%, without inducing systemic toxicity. The deficit in locomotion and memory and an anxiolytic-like behaviors induced in the GB model were minimized by CEC. The extract decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitrites and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in platelets, sera and brains of GB animals. The activity of NTPDases, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) was evaluated in lymphocytes, platelets and serum. In platelets, ATP and AMP hydrolysis was reduced and hydrolysis of ADP and the activity of ADA were increased in the control, while in CEC-treated animals no alteration in the hydrolysis of ADP was detected. In serum, the reduction in ATP hydrolysis was reversed by CEC. In lymphocytes, the increase in the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and in the activity of ADA observed in GB model was altered by CEC administration. The observed increase in IL-6 and decrease in IL-10 levels in the serum of GB animals was reversed by CEC. These results demonstrate that CEC extract is a potential complementary treatment to GB, decreasing the tumor size, while modulating aspects of redox and purinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli da Silva Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Juliane Torchelsen Saraiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa, 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa, 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Marta Filipa Martins
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa, 1749-024, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain
| | - Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa, 1749-024, Portugal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Sousa Mourão P, de Oliveira Gomes R, Crisóstomo Bezerra Costa CA, da Silva Moura OF, Sousa HG, Lemos Martins Júnior GR, Cabral Leão Ferreira D, Martins Maia Filho AL, Duarte de Freitas J, Rai M, Das Chagas Alves Lima F, Gourlart Santana AE, Chaves MH, Dos Santos Alves W, Uchôa VT. Cecropia pachystachya Trécul: identification, isolation of secondary metabolites, in silico study of toxicological evaluation and interaction with the enzymes 5-LOX and α-1-antitrypsin. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:827-849. [PMID: 35815836 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2095546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cecropia pachystachya Tréc., popularly known as embaúba, belongs to the Cecropiaceae family and is used by the native population in the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, high blood pressure, fever, and as a diuretic. The pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiotonic and sedative were previously reported. The objective of this study was to (1) isolate and identify bioactive compounds extracted from the ethanolic extract of C. pachystachya roots (ERCP), as well as (2) verify the affinity of these metabolites with the enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and α-1-antitrypsin through in silico tests. Isolation and/or identification were performed using GC-MS, HPLC, Infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. After isolation and identification of the active compounds, these substances were subjected to the in silico investigation that proceeded by performing PreADMET simulations and molecular docking calculations. The bioactive compounds identified were 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, ethyl (9E,12E)-octadec-9,12-dienoate, ethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate and ethyl octadecanoate by GC-MS; chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, syringaldehyde by HPLC; β-sitosterol, sitostenone, beccaridiol, tormentic acid, lupeol, α- and β-amyrin by classical chromatography, IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties were determined for each bioactive compound. Tormentic acid demonstrated a greater affinity for 5-LOX enzyme while sitostenone demonstrated a higher affinity for the α-1-antitrypsin enzyme. Our findings demonstrated a diverse range of secondary metabolites isolated from C. pachystachya that showed relevant interactions with the enzymes 5-LOX and α-1-antitrypsin. Thus, "embaúba" may be employed in in vivo experimental studies as a form of alternative treatment for chronic lung diseases.Abbreviations: ADT: Autodock Tools; BBB: Blood-brain barrier; CaCo2: Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells; CC: Classic/open Column; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; CD40: Differentiation Cluster 40; CENAUREMN: Centro Nordestino de Aplicação e Uso da Ressonância Magnética Nuclear; GC-MS: Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; HPLC: High-Perfomance Liquid Chromatography; CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4: Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; DRX-500: X-Ray Diffraction - 500; ERCP: Ethanolic extract of the roots of C. pachystachya; FAPEPI: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Piauí; HIA: Human Intestinal Absorption; IR: Infrared; Ki: Inhibition constant; 5-LOX: 5-Lipoxygenase; mM: miliMolar; nM: nanoMolar; OECD423: acute toxic class method; PDB: Protein Data Bank; P-gP: P-glycoprotein; PM2,5: Small inhalable particles 2,5; PPB: Plasm Protein Binding; PreADMET: Prediction Absorption, Distribution, Metabolization, Excretion and Toxicity; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; +S9: with metabolic activation; -S9: no metabolic activation; SisGen: Sistema Nacional de Gestão de Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado; RT: Retention time; TA100: Ames test with TA100 cells line; TA1535: Ames test with cells of the TA1535 cell line; UESPI: State University of Piauí; V79: lung fibroblast cells; ΔG: Gibbs free energy (Kcal/mol); μM: microMolar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penina Sousa Mourão
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Luiz Martins Maia Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
- Health Sciences Department, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Francisco Das Chagas Alves Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
- Biotechnology Department, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Kujawska M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. The use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan migrants in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina, is based on Guaraní tradition, colonial and current plant knowledge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114702. [PMID: 34627987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information on the use of medicinal plants in the daily life by Paraguayan people is scarce in mainstream scientific literature. The study on the Paraguayan diaspora in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, gives an insight into Guaraní traditions, colonial legacy and current search for new medicinal plants to address new health challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan mestizo migrants who moved into a new country, yet within the same ecological region. The present and past uses of medicinal plants were compared to understand the continuity and change in the Paraguayan herbal pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork based on ethnographic and ethnobotanical techniques was carried out in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eighty-five Paraguayan migrants and their descendants from eastern Paraguay took part in the study. The list of recorded plants was compared with the information in historical sources from Paraguay, to examine the continuity and changes in Paraguayan herbal medicine, and with the present-day ethnobotanical studies from Paraguay. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on the medicinal plants with the highest consensus of uses were reviewed. RESULTS Altogether, 204 medicinal plant species were recorded. The most frequently mentioned species represented a combination of plants native to the New and Old World. Nearly 40% of the present-day Paraguayan pharmacopoeia shows continuity from colonial and post-colonial periods. Plants were used for 19 medical categories, of which digestive, circulatory and those belonging to humoral medicine were the most prevalent. The ongoing search of plants to treat new health problems is illustrated by reports of 40 species used for hypertension, 26 for diabetes and 18 to lower cholesterol. There is still little evidence for the effectiveness of these plants in the pharmacological literature. Paraguayan migrants were able to continue their traditional plant medicine in Misiones, Argentina, in a substantial way. CONCLUSION This study was carried out in a geographic area with a long-standing tradition of Guaraní medicine. Paraguayan migrants in Misiones integrate pre-Hispanic Guaraní names and uses of plants and old humoral concepts with current adaptation of plants to meet new health challenges. Several of the uses described in early colonial times are still practiced, giving a solid background for in-depth studies of the local pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- University of Lodz, Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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Campos MLD, Castro MBD, Campos AD, Fernandes MF, Conegundes JLM, Rodrigues MN, Mügge FLB, Silva AMD, Sabarense CM, Castañon MCMN, Andreazzi AE, Scio E. Antiobesity, hepatoprotective and anti-hyperglycemic effects of a pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya Trécul in mice fed with a hypercaloric diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114418. [PMID: 34271111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae), known as embaúba, are used as hypoglycemic and for weight reduction in Brazilian traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects of a pharmaceutical formulation (ECP20) containing C. pachystachya extract on some metabolic alterations caused by a hypercaloric diet in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly fed with a standard or hypercaloric diet and orally treated with ECP20 or vehicle for 13 weeks. Subsequently, adiposity, glucose intolerance, and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were assessed. Adipose tissue and liver were collected after euthanasia and frozen at -80 °C for histological and antioxidant analyzes. The effect of ECP20 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was also investigated. RESULTS Animals treated with ECP20 showed less weight gain, reduced glycemia, glucose tolerance restored, and hepatoprotective effect. Also, ECP20 presented significant in vivo antioxidant activity. Treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with ECP20 did not inhibit cellular differencing. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, ECP20 presented promising effects in the control of obesity and related disorders. Considering that glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia are strong evidence for the development of type 2 diabetes, the findings corroborated the traditional use of C. pachystachya to treat this disease. The chlorogenic acid and the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, present in the extract, might be involved in the activities found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lúcia de Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Bento de Castro
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Artur Domingos Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Leiras Mota Conegundes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Nehrer Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Lins Brandão Mügge
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Genes, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Aristóbolo Mendes da Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Genes, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Céphora Maria Sabarense
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Eliza Andreazzi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Elita Scio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
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Rivera-Mondragón A, Ortíz OO, Gupta MP, Caballero-George C. Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Ten Species of Medicinal Importance of Cecropia: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:764-779. [PMID: 34284521 DOI: 10.1055/a-1495-9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work covers a systematic review of literature about the genus Cecropia from 1978 to 2020, emphasizing the analysis of 10 of the most relevant species and their associated biological activities. Cecropia is a neotropical genus, which comprises about 61 native species in the American continent where it is known to be part of the traditional medicine of numerous countries. Secondary metabolites described for this genus showed an elevated structural and functional diversity, where polyphenols have been the most abundant. Based on this diversity, Cecropia phytochemicals represent an important source of potential therapeutic agents yet to be exploited. This review also highlights the effectiveness of combining chemometrics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a novel approach to successfully single out Cecropia species phytochemicals. While the medicinal use of Cecropia species is officially recognized in National Pharmacopoeias and Formularies of several Latin American countries, it is important to recognize that these phytomedicines are complex mixtures requiring a thorough understanding of their chemical composition and their correlation with biological activities to guarantee their quality, safety, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Republic of Panama
| | | | - Mahabir P Gupta
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Republic of Panama
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Pereira EDDM, da Silva J, Carvalho PDS, Grivicich I, Picada JN, Salgado Júnior IB, Vasques GJ, Pereira MADS, Reginatto FH, Ferraz ADBF. In vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluations of aqueous extract from Cecropia pachystachya leaves. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:659-671. [PMID: 32865139 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1811817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
leaves are popularly used to treat asthma and diabetes. Despite the widespread consumption of this plant, there are few scientific studies regarding its toxicological potential. In order to conduct a thorough study concerning the potential adverse effects, the aim of this study was to assess acute and subacute toxicity tests of crude aqueous extract from C. pachystachya leaves (CAE-Cp) using in vivomodel, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antioxidant activity. In addition, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and cytotoxicity of isoorientin (ISOO) were also evaluated. The antioxidant activity was verified by DPPH, cytotoxicity using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and genotoxicity by comet assay on V79 cells. The phytochemical analysis of CAE-Cp detected flavonoids and tannins, CGA and ISOO as the major compounds utilizing HPLC. The total flavonoid content (6.52 mg/g EQ) and antioxidant activity (EC50 = 62.15 µg/ml) of CAE-Cp were determined. In vitro evaluations with CAE-Cp showed genotoxic effects at 0.31 to 2.5 mg/ml and an expressive cytotoxicity on HT-29 (IC50 = 4.43 µg/ml) cells. CGA was genotoxic against V79 cells at 0.07 mg/ml and cytotoxic against to HT-29 (IC50 = 71.70 µg/ml), OVCAR-3 (IC50 = 80.07 µg/ml), MCF-7 (IC50 = 45.58 µg/ml) and, NCI-H460 (IC50 = 71.89 µg/ml) cancer cell lines. Wistar rats treated with a single dose (2,000 mg/kg) CAE-Cp decreased hemoglobin levels after 14 days, although no significant toxicity was observed in animals after 28 days. In view of the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity detected, further studies are necessary to establish the safe use of CAE-Cp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminiana Damiani de Mendonça Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
- Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica, Centro Universitário Luterano de Palmas , Palmas, Brasil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
| | - Patrícia da Silva Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Jouglard Vasques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
| | | | - Flavio Henrique Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, Brasil
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Teixeira FM, Coelho MN, José-Chagas FDN, Malvar DDC, Kanashiro A, Cunha FQ, Machado Vianna-Filho MD, da Cunha Pinto A, Vanderlinde FA, Costa SS. Oral treatments with a flavonoid-enriched fraction from Cecropia hololeuca and with rutin reduce articular pain and inflammation in murine zymosan-induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112841. [PMID: 32268203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia Loefl. species (Urticaceae) are widely spread across the rainforest in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America. Inhabitants of different regions of Brazil employ leaves, fruits and sprouts of Cecropia hololeuca Miq. mainly as anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, fever suppressant, and against cough. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous leaf extract of C. hololeuca in a murine model of zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) and characterize compounds contributing to these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude aqueous extract of C. hololeuca (CAE) was obtained by infusion, screened for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, and fractionated (solvent partition; RP-2 and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography), yielding fractions that were chemically and pharmacologically investigated. TLC, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and NMR analyses were peformed. The antinociceptive activity was assessed by means of acetic acid-induced writhing, hot-plate and rota-rod tests. ZIA was used to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of oral treatment with CAE, butanolic (BF) and aqueous fraction (AF), as well as the fractions obtained from BF (F2, F2-A and F2-B). Rutin, a flavonoid found in C. hololeuca, was also tested. Mechanical hypernociception, joint edema, local neutrophil recruitment and articular TNF-α quantification were performed to measure the severity of arthritis and identify the anti-inflammatory potential of C. hololeuca. RESULTS CAE (0.03-1 g/kg, p.o.) showed a dose-related inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing test, but did not change the pain latency in the hotplate test, nor the first fall time on the rota-rod test. In addition, CAE (1 g/kg, p.o.) inhibited by 65% the mechanical hypernociception, 46% the joint edema, 54% the neutrophil recruitment and 53% the articular TNF-α concentration levels in ZIA. BF (0.4 g/kg, p.o.), AF (0.6 g/kg), F2 (0.1 g/kg) and F2-A (0.045 g/kg), but not F2-B (0.055 g/kg), inhibited the mechanical hypernociception, joint edema and neutrophil recruitment in ZIA. Rutin (0.001-0.03 g/kg, p.o.) produced dose-related inhibitory effects in the mechanical hypernociception, joint edema and neutrophil recruitment, and at 0.03 g/kg also inhibited articular TNF-α synthesis after intra-articular zymosan injection. Isoorientin, isovitexin, rutin and isoquercitrin were identified in the most active fraction (F2-A), along with luteolin and apigenin derivatives, tentatively identified as isoorientin-2″-O-glucoside and isovitexin-2″-O-glucoside. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the popular use by oral route of aqueous preparations of C. hololeuca against joint inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Our results demonstrated for the first time that oral administration of rutin shows antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in ZIA, indicating that this flavonoid is one of the immunomodulatory compounds involved in the anti-arthritic activity of C. hololeuca.
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Key Words
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
- 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
- Anti-inflammatory effect
- Antinociceptive effect
- Arthritis
- Cecropia hololeuca
- Phenolic compounds
- Rutin
- isoorientin
- isoquercitrin
- isovitexin
- rutin
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Marques Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Neubarth Coelho
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda do Nascimento José-Chagas
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - David do Carmo Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Dias Machado Vianna-Filho
- Program of Graduate Studies in Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Angelo da Cunha Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico Argollo Vanderlinde
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Soares Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Rosa HH, Carvalho P, Ortmann CF, Schneider NFZ, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO, Silva IT. Cytotoxic effects of a triterpene‐enriched fraction of Cecropia pachystachya on the human hormone-refractory prostate cancer PC3 cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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de Paiva PP, Nunes JHB, Nonato FR, Ruiz ALTG, Zafred RRT, Sousa IMO, Okubo MY, Kawano DF, Monteiro PA, Foglio MA, Carvalho JE. In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Standardized Alkaloid-Enriched Fraction Obtained from Boehmeria caudata Sw. Aerial Parts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174018. [PMID: 32899132 PMCID: PMC7504783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the cancer-inflammation relationship and the use of natural products as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, the alkaloid-enriched fraction of Boehmeriacaudata (BcAEF) aerial parts was evaluated. In vitro antiproliferative studies with human tumor cell lines showed high activity at low concentrations. Further investigation on NCI-H460 cells showed an irreversible effect on cell proliferation, with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and programmed cell death induction. Molecular docking studies of four alkaloids identified in BcAEF with colchicine’s binding site on β-tubulin were performed, suggesting (−)-C (15R)-hydroxycryptopleurine as the main inductor of the observed mitotic death. In vivo studies showed that BcAEF was able to reduce Ehrlich tumor volume progression by 30 to 40%. Checking myeloperoxidase activity, BcAEF reduced neutrophils migration towards the tumor. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by chemically induced edema models. In croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenan (CG)-induced paw edema models, BcAEF reduced edema around 70 to 80% together with inhibition of activation and/or migration of neutrophils to the inflammatory area. All together the results presented herein show BcAEF as a potent antitumor agent combining antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be further explored in (pre)clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P. de Paiva
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7715
| | - Julia H. B. Nunes
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiana R. Nonato
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
| | - Ana L. T. G. Ruiz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Rafael R. T. Zafred
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
| | - Ilza M. O. Sousa
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Márcia Y. Okubo
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Kawano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Paula A. Monteiro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
| | - Mary A. Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - João E. Carvalho
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Joubert E, Muller CJF, Louw J, Tiano L, Nkambule BB, Kappo AP, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Isoorientin: A dietary flavone with the potential to ameliorate diverse metabolic complications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104867. [PMID: 32407953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoorientin is a natural C-glucosyl flavone that is generating a lot of interest due to its multiple pharmacological activities. Increasing experimental data have shown that the robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of isoorientin remain important in ameliorating a number of metabolic complications. In fact, plants rich in isoorientin have demonstrated strong ameliorative properties against complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, while such evidence is accumulating, it has not been reviewed to better inform on the therapeutic potential of this flavone in improving human health. This review examines and extrapolates available literature on the potential beneficial or detrimental effects associated with the use of isoorientin in mitigating metabolic diseases, with a specific focus on diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance, including associated complications. The discussion includes effective doses in various experimental settings and proposed molecular mechanisms by which isoorientin may exert its therapeutic effects. In addition, the protective effects of extracts of a number of isoorientin-rich plants against metabolic complications will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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da Silva Mathias M, Rodrigues de Oliveira R. Differentiation of the phenolic chemical profiles of Cecropia pachystachya and Cecropia hololeuca. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:73-82. [PMID: 30144200 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cecropia pachystachya and C. hololeuca are common species in Brazil, popularly used to treat respiratory diseases. Phytochemical studies indicate that their leaves are rich in phenolic compounds, mainly C-glycosilated flavonoids. Orientin and isoorientin are reported in both species, while vitexina and isovitexina were reported in C. pachystachya. In addition, both are rich in chlorogenic acid and have some procyanidins. In some cases, syrups and teas are prepared from leaf blends from different species, which may affect the efficacy and safety of this natural medication. This problem motivated the investigation of the chemical profile of leaves of these species. OBJECTIVE The phenolic chemical profiles from C. pachystachya and C. hololeuca methanolic extracts were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS), to investigate possible differences in their metabolite production. MATERIAL AND METHODS The methanolic extracts of both species were analysed by UPLC-DAD-MS using a C-18 reverse phase column, DAD at 190-400 nm and electrospray ionisation quadruple time-of-flight (ESI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. The separation methodology was validated and most of the flavones present in the extracts were quantified. RESULTS Thirty-seven compounds were tentatively identified, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, condensed tannins (procyanidins) and iridoids, through UV analysis and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra obtained in the negative mode. Chlorogenic acid, orientin and isoorientin were observed as the major constituents in both extracts. CONCLUSIONS Cecropia pachystachya presented a more diverse chemical profile than C. hololeuca. The methodology developed herein could be an important tool to analyse commercial Cecropia (embaúba) products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo da Silva Mathias
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Khan A, Ullah MZ, Afridi R, Rasheed H, Khalid S, Ullah H, Ali H, AlSharari SD, Kim YS, Khan S. Antinociceptive properties of 25-methoxy hispidol A, a triterpinoid isolated from Poncirus trifoliata
(Rutaceae) through inhibition of NF-κB signalling in mice. Phytother Res 2018; 33:327-341. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Hina Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khalid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Hadayat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shakir D. AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
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Rivera-Mondragón A, Ortíz OO, Bijttebier S, Vlietinck A, Apers S, Pieters L, Caballero-George C. Selection of chemical markers for the quality control of medicinal plants of the genus Cecropia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1500-1512. [PMID: 28372473 PMCID: PMC6130728 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1307421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) species are traditionally used in Latin America for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diabetes, arterial hypertension, asthma, bronchitis, anxiety, and inflammation. At present, a number of commercial products based on these plants have been introduced into the market with very little information on methods for guaranteeing their quality and safety. OBJECTIVE This work proposes potential chemical markers for the quality control of the raw materials of Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol., Cecropia peltata L., Cecropia glaziovii Snethl., Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, and Cecropia hololeuca Miq. METHODS The Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System (Herb MaRS) developed by the National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) at the University of Western Sydney was used for selecting chemical markers for the quality control of selected medicinal species of Cecropia. This review covers the period from 1982 to 2016. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, flavonoidal glycosides (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and rutin), catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins (B2, B5, and C1), steroids (β-sitosterol), and triterpenoids (α-amyrin, pomolic, tormentic and ursolic acids) were selected as chemical markers for the quality control of the leaves. CONCLUSION It is necessary to establish comprehensive standards for guaranteeing quality, safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. The selection of adequate chemical markers for quality control purposes requires a good knowledge about the chemical composition of medicinal plants and their associated biological properties. To the best of our knowledge this review article is the first to address the identification and quantitative determination of the chemical markers for the genus Cecropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Orlando O. Ortíz
- Herbarium PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Sebastiaan Bijttebier
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arnold Vlietinck
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Group of Pharmaceutical Research, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- CONTACT Catherina Caballero-GeorgeGroup of Pharmaceutical Research, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Building 219, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Ortmann CF, Abelaira HM, Réus GZ, Ignácio ZM, Chaves VC, dos Santos TC, de Carvalho P, Carlessi AS, Bruchchen L, Danielski LG, Cardoso SG, de Campos AM, Petronilho F, Rebelo J, dos Santos Morais MO, Vuolo F, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL, Quevedo J, Reginatto FH. LC/QTOF profile and preliminary stability studies of an enriched flavonoid fraction ofCecropia pachystachyaTrécul leaves with potential antidepressant-like activity. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Flach Ortmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Helena Mendes Abelaira
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Vitor Clasen Chaves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Talitha Caldas dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Pâmela de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Anelise Scussel Carlessi
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Livia Bruchchen
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Lucineia G. Danielski
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina; Tubarão Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Angela Machado de Campos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina; Tubarão Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Joyce Rebelo
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Meline Oliveira dos Santos Morais
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Francieli Vuolo
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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Mendonça ED, da Silva J, Dos Santos MS, Carvalho P, Papke DKM, Ortmann CF, Picada JN, Reginatto FH, de Barros Falcão Ferraz A. Genotoxic, mutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul aqueous extract using in vivo and in vitro assays. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:214-220. [PMID: 27435375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia pachystachya is a medicinal plant native to South and Central Americas used to treat asthma and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we evaluated the genotoxic, mutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of crude aqueous extract of C. pachystachya (CAE-Cp) leaves. MATERIAL AND METHODS CAE-Cp was analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine total phenolic and tannin contents. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify major compounds. Distinct tissues from female and male adult mice were treated with 500-2000mg/kg of CAE-Cp by gavage for the comet assay and micronucleus test analyses. In addition, peripheral blood slides of the group treated with 2000mg/kg CAE-Cp were analyzed 3, 6, and 24h after treatment and were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (ex vivo) to evaluate the genotoxic effect using the comet assay. The Salmonella/microsome assay was carried out against to TA100, TA98, TA97a, TA102, and TA1535 strains in presence and absence of the S9 mix. RESULTS HPLC showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, and isovitexin as major compounds. Total phenolic and tannin contents were, respectively, 305.6±0.80 and 144.6±19.04mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract. Brain DNA damage was observed in all groups treated with CAE-Cp. The H2O2 challenge indicated genotoxic effect only 6h after the administration of the extract. No increase was detected in micronucleus frequency for any group treated with the extract. Mutagenic effects were detected by Salmonella/microsome assay only in TA102 strain without S9 mix at higher doses. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate that CAE-Cp was genotoxic to brain tissue. This result is supported by other papers, showing that compounds present in this extract can cross the blood-brain barrier and act on central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminiana Daminani Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Marcela S Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Patricia Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Débora Kuck Mausolff Papke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Flach Ortmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada a Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil.
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Duque APDN, Pinto NDCC, Mendes RDF, da Silva JM, Aragão DMDO, Castañon MCMN, Scio E. In vivo wound healing activity of gels containing Cecropia pachystachya leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:128-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the in-vivo wound healing and in-vitro antioxidant activity of gels containing the ethyl acetate extract of Cecropia pachystachya (ECP) 2% and 5%, and to perform the chemical fingerprint of ECP by HPLC-DAD.
Methods
The wound healing activity of the gels was evaluated for 21 days, using the excision model in rats followed by histopathological and histomorphometric analysis. The in-vitro antioxidant effect of ECP was investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays. Also, a HPLC analysis was performed to identify the chemical markers orientin, iso-orientin and chlorogenic acid.
Key findings
The group of animals treated with ECP 5% presented oedema and inflammatory infiltrate with less intensity than the other groups. Both ECP 2% and 5% gels showed less neovascularization and cellularity, and better tissue repair when compared to the control, which showed a younger and homogeneous tissue.
Conclusions
This study had demonstrated that the ECP gels promoted the acceleration of the healing process when compared to the control group. Wound contraction, angiogenesis, epithelialization and the collagen deposition support further evaluation of C. pachystachya leaves in the topical treatment and management of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula do Nascimento Duque
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata de Freitas Mendes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Josiane Mello da Silva
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elita Scio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Preventive Effect of Cecropia pachystachya Against Ketamine-Induced Manic Behavior and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1421-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Maquiaveli CC, da Silva ER, Rosa LC, Francescato HDC, Lucon Júnior JF, Silva CGA, Casarini DE, Ronchi FA, Coimbra TM. Cecropia pachystachya extract attenuated the renal lesion in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by reducing inflammation and renal arginase activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:49-57. [PMID: 25304199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plant Cecropia pachystachya Trécul has been used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat hypertension, bladder and kidney inflammation and renal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the aqueous fraction from the ethanolic extract of Cecropia pachystachya (FCP) in the management of hypertension, inflammation and progressive renal disease in rats submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 NE) were untreated (NE) or treated (NE+FCP) with the FCP (0.5g/kg/day). The treatment started 15 days after surgery, and the rats were followed for a period of 60 days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and albuminuria were evaluated from 15-60 days after the surgical procedure. Function and estructural renal changes, TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and nitric oxide (NO) urinary excretion were analyzed. Expression and activity of the renal enzymes arginase (ARG), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and MAP kinase p-JNK expression also were analyzed. RESULTS The nephrectomized rats developed progressive albuminuria and increased SBP that was less intense in the treated group. There was a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the nephrectomized rats, which was attenuated by treatment with FCP extract. The treatment with FCP also attenuated the histological changes, reduced the expression and activity of renal arginase, the number of macrophages (ED-1 positive cells) and the p-JNK expression in the renal cortex of the rats submitted to 5/6 NE. The urinary excretion of TGF-β was less intense in the treated group and was associated with the reduction of the expression and activity of the renal arginase. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the reduction of renal arginase activity, p-JNK and TGF-β expression can explain the mechanism by which the treatment with C. pachystachya reduced the inflammation and improved renal function. This study presents the potential use of Cecropia pachystachya in the treatment of chronic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Maquiaveli
- Departament of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edson R da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lara C Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa D C Francescato
- Departament of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Lucon Júnior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleonice G A Silva
- Departament of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Ronchi
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezila M Coimbra
- Departament of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gazal M, Ortmann CF, Martins FA, Streck EL, Quevedo J, de Campos AM, Stefanello FM, Kaster MP, Ghisleni G, Reginatto FH, Lencina CL. Antidepressant-like effects of aqueous extract from Cecropia pachystachya leaves in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable stress. Brain Res Bull 2014; 108:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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do C Maquiaveli C, da Silva ER, Francescato HDC, Costa RS, Silva CGA, Casarini DE, Ronchi FA, Coimbra TM. Brazilian embauba (Cecropia pachystachya) extract reduces renal lesions in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:430-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313501219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson R da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Cecropia pachystachya: a species with expressive in vivo topical anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant effects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:301294. [PMID: 24877079 PMCID: PMC4022158 DOI: 10.1155/2014/301294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cecropia pachystachya is a species traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammation. This work aims to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of C. pachystachya (CPM) and to perform its chemical fingerprint by HPLC-DAD. The topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the mouse models of acute ear inflammation induced by croton oil, arachidonic acid, capsaicin, EPP, phenol, and chronic inflammation induced by multiple application of croton oil. The in vitro antioxidant effect of CPM was investigated using DPPH, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching, and TBARS assays. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify the antioxidant phenolics orientin, isoorientin, and chlorogenic acid previously identified in CPM. CPM exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect in the acute models, in some cases comparable to the reference drugs. Histopathological analysis showed a moderate chronic skin anti-inflammatory effect with decrease in vasodilation, edema, cell infiltration, and epidermal hyperproliferation. It also showed strong in vitro antioxidant activity. The contents of orientin, isoorientin, and chlorogenic acid were 66.5 ± 1.8, 118.8 ± 0.7, and 5.4 ± 0.2 µg/mg extract, respectively. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of CPM could be based on its antioxidant properties, although other effects are probably involved, including COX inhibition and other mechanisms.
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