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Hilal B, Khan MM, Fariduddin Q. Recent advancements in deciphering the therapeutic properties of plant secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108674. [PMID: 38705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that serve as defense compounds against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, their potential curative attributes in addressing various human diseases render them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical drugs. Different secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids have been investigated for their antioxidant and therapeutic potential. A vast number of studies evaluated the specific compounds that possess crucial medicinal properties (such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antibacterial), their mechanisms of action, and potential applications in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, an attempt has been made to characterize the secondary metabolites studied in medicinal plants, a brief overview of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of action along with their signaling pathways by which they regulate various oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, the biotechnological approaches employed to enhance their production have also been discussed. The outcome of the present review will lead to the development of novel and effective phytomedicines in the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Hilal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Ansari UAMA, Uddin Q, Husain N, Ahmad T, Fatima SH, Minhajuddin A. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a herbal formulation for rheumatoid arthritis - A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117833. [PMID: 38316221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a diverse disease characterized by a variable, progressive course of articular and extra-articular symptoms that are linked with pain, disability, and mortality. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is still being investigated, and there is no cure for this debilitating, persistent, painful disease. Qurs-e-Mafasil, a herbal Unani preparation, is regarded as a potent treatment for Waja'al-Mafasil, a condition clinically similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but scientific evidence is scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to assess the non-inferiority of Qurs-e-Mafasil compared to celecoxib in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted on seventy patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis between the ages of 35 and 55 years. The participants were randomly allocated in a ratio of 3:2, with 42 participants in the test group and 28 participants in the control group. The test group was administered 2 tablets (each having 500 mg) of Qurs-e-Mafasil, while the control group was administered 1 capsule of Celecoxib 100 mg. Both medications were delivered for four weeks. The primary outcome measure was European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria based on Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) assessed before and after therapy, whereas the secondary outcome measure was the change in joint pain severity as determined by a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and each follow-up. The safety of the interventions was evaluated based on adverse event monitoring at each follow-up and laboratory tests including hemogram, Liver Function Tests (LFTs), Kidney Function Tests (KFTs), and a complete urine examination performed at baseline and after four weeks of treatment. RESULTS The per-protocol analysis was done on 50 participants (30 in test group and 20 in control group) who completed the study duration. Thus, at the conclusion of the trial, participants in the test and control groups had either a moderate or no response based on EULAR response criteria. The odds ratio for no response versus moderate response between the test and the control groups was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.20-2.55) with p = 0.744. Moreover, the observed mean differences in VAS scores between the test and the control groups at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and final follow-up were -0.33 (95% CI: -6.65 to 5.99, p = 0.916), 0.50 (95% CI: -5.63 to 6.63, p = 0.870), 2.42 (95% CI: -2.95 to 7.78, p = 0.370), and 3.00 (95% CI: -1.82 to 7.84, p = 0.219), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The differences in primary and secondary outcomes between the two groups indicate that Qurs-e-Mafāsil, a herbal Unani formulation containing Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome, Colchicum luteum Baker root, Piper nigrum L. fruit, and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. root, is comparable to celecoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qamar Uddin
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500038, India.
| | - Nazim Husain
- Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Silchar, Assam, 788014, India.
| | - Tasleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Syeda Hajra Fatima
- Department of Pathology, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Ahmed Minhajuddin
- National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500038, India
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Lasso P, Rojas L, Arévalo C, Urueña C, Murillo N, Nossa P, Sandoval T, Chitiva LC, Barreto A, Costa GM, Fiorentino S. Piper nigrum extract suppresses tumor growth and enhances the antitumor immune response in murine models of breast cancer and melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3279-3292. [PMID: 37464192 PMCID: PMC10491708 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the antitumor effect of P. nigrum has been widely studied, research related to its possible immunomodulatory effects is relatively scarce. Here, the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of an ethanolic extract of P. nigrum were evaluated in the murine models of 4T1 breast cancer and B16-F10 melanoma. In vitro evaluations showed that the P. nigrum extract has cytotoxic activity, induces apoptotic cell death, and has a pro-oxidant effect in both cell lines, but it regulates glucose uptake differently in both lines, decreasing it in 4T1 but not in B16-F10. P. nigrum extract significantly reduced tumor size in both models and decreased the occurrence of macrometastases in 4T1 model. Evaluation of immune subpopulations by flow cytometry revealed that the P. nigrum extract significantly increases the frequency of dendritic cells and activated CD8+ T cells and decreases the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor like cells and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment of both models but with different dynamics. Our findings strongly suggest that the P. nigrum extract exerts immunomodulatory functions, slightly related to the modulation of cellular energy metabolism, which could ultimately contribute to the promising antitumor effect of P. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Laura Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Cindy Arévalo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Claudia Urueña
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Natalia Murillo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Paula Nossa
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Tito Sandoval
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos Chitiva
- Grupo de Investigación en Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia
| | - Geison M Costa
- Grupo de Investigación en Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a. No. 43-82, Ed. 50, Lab. 101, Bogotá, C.P. 110211, Colombia.
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Mad-adam N, Madla S, Lailerd N, Hiransai P, Graidist P. Piper nigrum Extract: Dietary Supplement for Reducing Mammary Tumor Incidence and Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity. Foods 2023; 12:2053. [PMID: 37238871 PMCID: PMC10216990 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract (PFPE) was prepared by mixing cold-pressed coconut oil and honey in distilled water, namely, PFPE-CH. In this study, PFPE-CH was orally administered as a dietary supplement to decrease the risk of tumor formation and reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs during breast cancer treatment. The toxicity study demonstrated no mortality or adverse effects after administrating PFPE-CH at 5000 mg/kg during a 14-day observation period. Additionally, PFPE-CH at 86 mg/kg BW/day did not cause any harm to the kidney or liver function of the rats for six months. In a cancer prevention study, treatment with PFPE-CH at 100 mg/kg BW for 101 days induced oxidative stress and increased the immune response by altering the levels of cancer-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-g), leading to a reduction in the tumor incidence of up to 71.4% without any adverse effects. In combination with doxorubicin, PFPE-CH did not disrupt the anticancer effects of the drug in rats with mammary tumors. Surprisingly, PFPE-CH reduced chemotherapy-induced toxicity by improving some hematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, our results suggest that PFPE-CH is safe and effective in reducing breast tumor incidence and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs during cancer treatment in mammary tumor rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeya Mad-adam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Siribhon Madla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Poonsit Hiransai
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Marijuana, Hemp, and Kratom, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Saetang J, Tedasen A, Sangkhathat S, Sangkaew N, Dokduang S, Prompat N, Taraporn S, Graidist P. Low Piperine Fractional Piper nigrum Extract Enhanced the Antitumor Immunity via Regulating the Th1/Th2/Treg Cell Subsets on NMU-Induced Tumorigenesis Rats. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:527-537. [PMID: 33902130 DOI: 10.1055/a-1458-5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. In addition to standard regimens, tumor suppression ability has been demonstrated in many types of natural products, including Piper nigrum, or black pepper. In previous reports, we demonstrated the antitumor effect of low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract in the aspect of antitumor immunity has not yet been investigated. In this study, tumor-bearing rats were fed with 100 mg/kg BW or 200 mg/kg BW of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumor burden and hematological data were then evaluated. Immunological data was investigated using a cytokine array and flow cytometry. The results showed that both doses of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract significantly suppressed tumor progression in N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor rats. There were no significant changes observed in the total white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract suppressed some cytokine and chemokine levels including CXCL7, sICAM-1, and L-selectin 0.2- to 0.6-fold. Interestingly, 200 mg/kg BW of low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract significantly promoted type 1 T helper cell, and suppressed neutrophil, basophil, type 2 T helper cell, and regulatory T cell compared to the control group. In summary, these results indicate that low piperine fractional P. nigrum extract had a high efficacy in supporting antitumor activity at immunological levels via regulating Th1/Th2/Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- EZ-Mol-Design Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aman Tedasen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Natnaree Sangkaew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Dokduang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Napat Prompat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Taraporn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Potential Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Alkaloids against Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7299778. [PMID: 35310033 PMCID: PMC8926539 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7299778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a type of natural compound possessing different pharmacological activities. Natural products, including alkaloids, which originate from plants, have emerged as potential protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and chronic inflammations. A wide array of prescription drugs are used against these conditions, however, not free of limitations of potency, side effects, and intolerability. In the context of personalized medicine, further research on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches in reducing complications is critical. In this review, a systematic survey was executed to collect the literature on alkaloids and their health complications, from which we found that majority of alkaloids exhibit anti-inflammatory action via nuclear factor-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuroprotective interaction through acetylcholinesterase (AChE), COX, and β-site amyloid precursor protein activity. In silico ADMET and ProTox-II-related descriptors were calculated to predict the pharmacological properties of 280 alkaloids isolated from traditional medicinal plants towards drug development. Out of which, eight alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, and galantamine are found to be optimal within the categorical range when compared to nicotine. These alkaloids could be exploited as starting materials for novel drug synthesis or, to a lesser extent, manage inflammation and neurodegenerative-related complications.
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Lu Q, Li R, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Li J. Ingredients with anti-inflammatory effect from medicine food homology plants. Food Chem 2022; 368:130610. [PMID: 34419798 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs when the immune system responses to external harmful stimuli and infection. Chronic inflammation induces various diseases. A variety of foods are prescribed in the traditional medicines of many countries all over the world, which gave birth to the concept of medicine food homology. Over the past few decades, a number of secondary metabolites from medicine food homology plants have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present review, the effects and mechanisms of the medicine food homology plants-derived active components on relieving inflammation and inflammation-mediated diseases were summarized and discussed. The information provided in this review is valuable to future studies on anti-inflammatory ingredients derived from medicine food homology plants as drugs or food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yixi Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Balakrishnan R, Azam S, Kim IS, Choi DK. Neuroprotective Effects of Black Pepper and Its Bioactive Compounds in Age-Related Neurological Disorders. Aging Dis 2022; 14:750-777. [PMID: 37191428 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders (ANDs), including neurodegenerative diseases, are multifactorial disorders whose risk increases with age. The main pathological hallmarks of ANDs include behavioral changes, excessive oxidative stress, progressive functional declines, impaired mitochondrial function, protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and neuronal cell death. Recently, efforts have been made to overcome ANDs because of their increased age-dependent prevalence. Black pepper, the fruit of Piper nigrum L. in the family Piperaceae, is an important food spice that has long been used in traditional medicine to treat various human diseases. Consumption of black pepper and black pepper-enriched products is associated with numerous health benefits due to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review shows that black pepper's major bioactive neuroprotective compounds, such as piperine, effectively prevent AND symptoms and pathological conditions by modulating cell survival signaling and death. Relevant molecular mechanisms are also discussed. In addition, we highlight how recently developed novel nanodelivery systems are vital for improving the efficacy, solubility, bioavailability, and neuroprotective properties of black pepper (and thus piperine) in different experimental AND models, including clinical trials. This extensive review shows that black pepper and its active ingredients have therapeutic potential for ANDs.
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Role of Phytoconstituents as PPAR Agonists: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121914. [PMID: 34944727 PMCID: PMC8698906 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, and PPAR-β/δ) are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors that play a critical role in the regulation of hundreds of genes through their activation. Their expression and targeted activation play an important role in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, several reviews have been published describing the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists (natural or synthetic) in the disorders listed above; however, no comprehensive report defining the role of naturally derived phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists targeting neurodegenerative diseases has been published. This review will focus on the role of phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists and the relevant preclinical studies and mechanistic insights into their neuroprotective effects. Exemplary research includes flavonoids, fatty acids, cannabinoids, curcumin, genistein, capsaicin, and piperine, all of which have been shown to be PPAR agonists either directly or indirectly. Additionally, a few studies have demonstrated the use of clinical samples in in vitro investigations. The role of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a potential model for studying neurodegenerative diseases has also been highlighted.
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Kunnumakkara AB, Rana V, Parama D, Banik K, Girisa S, Henamayee S, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Garodia P, Gupta SC, Aggarwal BB. COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related? Life Sci 2021; 284:119201. [PMID: 33607159 PMCID: PMC7884924 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-19 associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. METHOD A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19, and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India,Corresponding author at: Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | | | - Subash C. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA,Corresponding author at: Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA
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Nasrnezhad R, Halalkhor S, Sadeghi F, Pourabdolhossein F. Piperine Improves Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis Rats Through its Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5473-5493. [PMID: 34338970 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, demyelination, glial activation, and oxidative damage are the most pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). Piperine, a main bioactive alkaloid of black pepper, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties whose therapeutic potential has been less studied in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. In this study, the efficiency of piperine on progression of EAE model and myelin repair mechanisms was investigated. EAE was induced in female Lewis rats and piperine and its vehicle were daily administrated intraperitoneally from day 8 to 29 post immunization. We found that piperine alleviated neurological deficits and EAE disease progression. Luxol fast blue and H&E staining and immunostaining of lumbar spinal cord cross sections confirmed that piperine significantly reduced the extent of demyelination, inflammation, immune cell infiltration, microglia, and astrocyte activation. Gene expression analysis in lumbar spinal cord showed that piperine treatment decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and iNOS and enhanced IL-10, Nrf2, HO-1, and MBP expressions. Piperine supplementation also enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and reduced the level of oxidative stress marker (MDA) in the CNS of EAE rats. Finally, we found that piperine has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effect in EAE through reducing caspase-3 (apoptosis marker) and enhancing BDNF and NeuN expressing cells. This study strongly indicates that piperine has a beneficial effect on the EAE progression and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for MS treatment. Upcoming clinical trials will provide a deeper understanding of piperine's role for the treatment of the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nasrnezhad
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Halalkhor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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12
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Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on Piper pleiocarpum Chang ex Tseng. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Discovery of natural anti-inflammatory alkaloids: Potential leads for the drug discovery for the treatment of inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113165. [PMID: 33454546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response of the immune system to tissue malfunction or homeostatic imbalance. Corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently applied to treat varieties of inflammatory diseases but are associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and kidney side effects. Developing more effective and less toxic agents remain a challenge for pharmaceutical chemist due to the complexity of the different inflammatory processes. Alkaloids are widely distributed in plants with diverse anti-inflammatory activities, providing various potential lead compounds or candidates for the design and discovery of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. Therefore, re-examining the anti-inflammatory alkaloid natural products is advisable, bringing more opportunities. In this review, we summarized and described the recent advances of natural alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities and possible mechanisms in the period from 2009 to 2020. It is hoped that this review of anti-inflammatory alkaloids can provide new ideas for researchers engaged in the related fields and potential lead compounds for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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14
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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15
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A Review of Malaysian Herbal Plants and Their Active Constituents with Potential Therapeutic Applications in Sepsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8257817. [PMID: 33193799 PMCID: PMC7641701 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to organ failure due to uncontrolled body immune responses towards infection. The systemic inflammatory response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, is accompanied by the release of various proinflammatory mediators that can lead to organ damage. The progression to septic shock is even more life-threatening due to hypotension. Thus, sepsis is a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. However, current therapies are mainly symptomatic treatment and rely on the use of antibiotics. The lack of a specific treatment demands exploration of new drugs. Malaysian herbal plants have a long history of usage for medicinal purposes. A total of 64 Malaysian plants commonly used in the herbal industry have been published in Malaysian Herbal Monograph 2015 and Globinmed website (http://www.globinmed.com/). An extensive bibliographic search in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus revealed that seven of these plants have antisepsis properties, as evidenced by the therapeutic effect of their extracts or isolated compounds against sepsis-associated inflammatory responses or conditions in in vitro or/and in vivo studies. These include Andrographis paniculata, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, Momordica charantia, and Centella asiatica. Among these, Z. officinale is the most widely studied plant and seems to have the highest potential for future therapeutic applications in sepsis. Although both extracts as well as active constituents from these herbal plants have demonstrated potential antisepsis activity, the activity might be primarily contributed by the active constituent(s) from each of these plants, which are andrographolide (A. paniculata), 6-gingerol and zingerone (Z. officinale), curcumin (C. longa), piperine and pellitorine (P. nigrum), biflorin (S. aromaticum), and asiaticoside, asiatic acid, and madecassoside (C. asiatica). These active constituents have shown great antisepsis effects, and further investigations into their clinical therapeutic potential may be worthwhile.
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Rehman MU, Rashid S, Arafah A, Qamar W, Alsaffar RM, Ahmad A, Almatroudi NM, Alqahtani SMA, Rashid SM, Ahmad SB. Piperine Regulates Nrf-2/Keap-1 Signalling and Exhibits Anticancer Effect in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E302. [PMID: 32967203 PMCID: PMC7565681 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the most common cancer in men and women globally, killing millions of people annually. Though there widespread development has been made in the management of colorectal cancer, still there is an urgent need to find novel targets for its effective treatment. Piperine is an alkaloid found in black pepper having anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, safe and nutritive for human consumption. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Nrf-2/Keap-1)/Heme-oxygenase1 (HO-1) signaling pathway plays a vital part in shielding cells from intracellular oxidative stress and inflammation. A potential cross-talk between the Nrf-2 and NF-κB pathways is recognized during cancerous growth and expansion. We studied this pathway extensively in the present study to discover novel targets in the prevention of chemically induced colon cancer with piperine to simulate human colon cancer pathology. Animals were divided into four groups. Groups1 and 2 were used as a negative control and positive control where 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, DMH was administered in group 2, while group 3 and 4 were prevention groups where piperine at two different doses was given two weeks prior to DMH and continued until end of experiment. We found that piperine inhibited NF-κB by the activation of Nrf-2, blocking downstream inflammatory mediators/cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Cox-2, PGE-2, iNOS, NO, MPO), triggering an antioxidant response machinery (HO-1, NQO-1, GSH, GR, GPx, CAT, SOD), scavenging ROS, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. Histological findings further validated our molecular findings. It also downregulates CEA, MDF and ACF, markers of precancerous lesions in colon, alleviates infiltration of mast cells and depletes the mucous layer. Our results indicate that piperine may be an effective molecule for the prophylactic treatment of colon carcinogenesis by targeting the NF-κB/Nrf-2/Keap-1/HO-1 pathway as a progressive strategy in the preclusion and effective treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alustang, Shuhama 190006, J&K, India; or
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia or (S.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.Q.); (S.M.A.A.)
| | - Rana M. Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia or (S.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Nada M. Almatroudi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Girls Campus, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed M. A. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.Q.); (S.M.A.A.)
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alustang, Shuhama 190006, J&K, India; or
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alustang, Shuhama 190006, J&K, India; or
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17
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Islam MT, Hasan J, Snigdha HMSH, Ali ES, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, Mubarak MS. Chemical profile, traditional uses, and biological activities of Piper chaba Hunter: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112853. [PMID: 32283191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper chaba Hunter, called Chui Jhal or Choi Jhal, is commonly used as a culinary (spice) herb in India and Bangladesh. It exhibits numerous important biological activities and has been widely used in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focuses on the chemical and pharmacological activities of a culinary ingredient P. chaba based on information extracted from the literature to highlight its use in traditional medicine. METHODS A literature search in known databases was conducted (till September 2019) for published articles using the relevant keywords. RESULTS Findings suggest that, to date, a number of important phytoconstituents such as dimeric alkaloids, and alkamides have been isolated from various parts of P. chaba. Extracts from P. chaba or derived compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-leishmanial, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, cytotoxic/anticancer, adipogenic, hepato- and gastro-protective, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, depressive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-hypertensive, antipyretic, anti-ulcer, and immunomodulatory effect. Among the isolated compounds, chabamides, piperine, piplartine, retrofractamides A/B, methylenedioxyphenyl)-nona-2E,4E,8E-trienoic acid, n-butyl or n-pentyl amine, piperlonguminine, pipernonaline, dehydropipernonaline, N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)-octadecadienamide, and N-isobutyl-(2E,4E,14Z)-eicosatrienamide have documented important biological effects in various test systems. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, P. chaba may be a potential source of plant-based therapeutic lead compounds, which justify its uses in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - H M Shadid Hossain Snigdha
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, 4070386, Chile
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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18
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Piperine ameliorated memory impairment and myelin damage in lysolecethin induced hippocampal demyelination. Life Sci 2020; 253:117671. [PMID: 32335165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We still do not have effective treatment for hippocampal demyelination and memory deficit, the two common comorbidities in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of Piperine (the main alkaloid of black pepper) in an experimental model of demyelination. MAIN METHODS Demyelination was induced in male Wistar rats by bilateral injection of lysolecithin (LPC) into the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Piperine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) was daily injected intraperitoneally three days post LPC injection for ten days. The spatial memory was examined by the Morris water maze task. Demyelination and astrocyte activation were assessed by an immunohistological study. The gene expression analysis of TNF-α, IL1-β, NF-κB, IL-10, Foxp3, iNOS, Nrf2, HO1, MBP, and BDNF was done using qPCR. The total antioxidant capacity of hippocampal tissue was measured using FRAP assay. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that piperine improved the memory performance and myelin repair in the hippocampal demyelination model. Piperine inhibited iNOS expression concomitant with enhanced expression levels of Nrf2, HO1 and the total antioxidant capacity in the hippocampal tissue. Piperine treatment significantly reduced the gene expression level of TNF-α, IL1-β, NF-κB, and glial activation in the injured area; however, the mRNA level of IL-10, Foxp3, BDNF and MBP were significantly increased. SIGNIFICANCE We found piperine to be an effective treatment for spatial memory impairment and myelin repair in the hippocampal demyelination model. However, further experimental evidence is needed to investigate the precise mechanisms underlying piperine as a promising therapeutic target in MS patients.
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Pei H, Xue L, Tang M, Tang H, Kuang S, Wang L, Ma X, Cai X, Li Y, Zhao M, Peng A, Ye H, Chen L. Alkaloids from Black Pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Murine Macrophages by Inhibiting Activation of NF-κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2406-2417. [PMID: 32031370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) has been commonly utilized in food preparation and traditional medicine in several countries. Seven new amide alkaloids, pipernigramides A-G (3, 10, 38, and 41-44), a new piperic ester, pipernigrester A (48), along with 47 known compounds were isolated from the EtOH extract of P. nigrum. The inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) of all compounds were then evaluated. Among the tested compounds, three of them (42-44) significantly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated NO (IC50 = 4.74 ± 0.18, 4.08 ± 0.19, and 3.71 ± 0.32 μM, respectively), and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 release in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, 42-44 suppressed IκB degradation and further inhibited the cytosol-nucleus translocation of the p65 subunit by targeting IKK-β. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, 42-44 demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects as well. These results indicate that all three compounds from P.nigrum have the potential anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Pei
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Xue
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Kuang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ma
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Peng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
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20
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Narayanankutty A, Job JT, Narayanankutty V. Glutathione, an Antioxidant Tripeptide: Dual Roles in Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 20:907-917. [PMID: 30727890 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190206130003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH or reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide of gamma-Glutamyl-cysteinylglycine and the predominant intracellular antioxidant in many organisms including humans. GSH and associated enzymes are controlled by a transcription factor-nuclear factor-2 related erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2). In cellular milieu, GSH protects the cells essentially against a wide variety of free radicals including reactive oxygen species, lipid hydroperoxides, xenobiotic toxicants, and heavy metals. It has two forms, the reduced form or reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized form (GSSG), where two GSH moieties combine by sulfhydryl bonds. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) essentially perform the detoxification reactions using GSH, converting it into GSSG. Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Hence, GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes are necessary for maintaining the normal redox balance in the body and help in cell survival under stress conditions. In addition, GST removes various carcinogenic compounds offering a chemopreventive property, whereas the GSH system plays a significant role in regulating the cellular survival by offering redox stability in a variety of cancers including prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer. Studies have also indicated that GSH inhibitors, such as buthionine sulfoximine, improve the chemo-sensitivity in cancer cells. In addition, GSH and dependent enzymes provide a survival advantage for cancer cells against chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Postgraduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri (Affiliated to University of Calicut), Calicut- 673 019, Kerala, India
| | - Joice Tom Job
- Postgraduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri (Affiliated to University of Calicut), Calicut- 673 019, Kerala, India
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Maneenet J, Daodee S, Monthakantirat O, Boonyarat C, Khamphukdee C, Kwankhao P, Pitiporn S, Awale S, Chulikhit Y, Kijjoa A. Kleeb Bua Daeng, a Thai Traditional Herbal Formula, Ameliorated Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Cognitive Impairment in ICR Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244587. [PMID: 31847401 PMCID: PMC6943511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thai traditional herbal formula ''Kleeb Bua Daeng (KBD)''consists of a 1:1:1 ratio (dry weight) of three medicinal plants: Piper nigrum fruit, the aerial part of Centella asiatica and the petals of Nelumbo nucifera. Oral administration of KBD to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice significantly improved their cognitive function caused by chronic mild stress. Daily administration of KBD significantly decreased the serum corticosterone (CORT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but increased the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in both frontal cortex and hippocampus. The effects of KBD were similar to those caused by oral administration of vitamin E. HPLC analysis of the KBD extract revealed the presence of piperine, madecassoside, asiaticoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol and ferulic acid as major constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamart Maneenet
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.D.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.D.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.D.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.D.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Charinya Khamphukdee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.D.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Pakakrong Kwankhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Prachinburi, Thailand 25000, Thailand; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Supaporn Pitiporn
- Department of Pharmacy, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Prachinburi, Thailand 25000, Thailand; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.D.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (A.K.); Tel.: +351-22042-8331 (A.K.)
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (A.K.); Tel.: +351-22042-8331 (A.K.)
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22
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Xu R, Zhao W, Yu L, Chen Q, Hu X, Ba Y, Chen X, Wang X, Wu X. A selective and sensitive UFLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from Piper longumL. and its application in the pharmacokinetic study of 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease rats. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37082-37091. [PMID: 35539049 PMCID: PMC9075506 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five alkaloids fromPiper longumL. were simultaneously determined by UFLC-MS/MS and applied in the pharmacokinetic study in PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lan Yu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaolu Hu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yinying Ba
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- China
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23
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Huang S, Meng N, Chang B, Quan X, Yuan R, Li B. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim Ethanol Extract. J Med Food 2018; 21:726-733. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingquan Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianghua Quan
- Department of Medicament, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - RuiYing Yuan
- Department of Medicament, College of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
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