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Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of drugs and metabolites: a multiplatform comparison. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2779-2791. [PMID: 33770207 PMCID: PMC8007509 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides insight into the molecular distribution of a broad range of compounds and, therefore, is frequently applied in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies deploy MSI to localize potential drugs and their metabolites in biological tissues but currently require other analytical tools to quantify these pharmaceutical compounds in the same tissues. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (Q-MSI) is a field with challenges due to the high biological variability in samples combined with the limited sample cleanup and separation strategies available prior to MSI. In consequence, more selectivity in MSI instruments is required. This can be provided by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) which uses specific precursor ion-product ion transitions. This targeted approach is in particular suitable for pharmaceutical compounds because their molecular identity is known prior to analysis. In this work, we compared different analytical platforms to assess the performance of MRM detection compared to other MS instruments/MS modes used in a Q-MSI workflow for two drug candidates (A and B). Limit of detection (LOD), linearity, and precision and accuracy of high and low quality control (QC) samples were compared between MS instruments/modes. MRM mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ) provided the best overall performance with the following results for compounds A and B: LOD 35.5 and 2.5 μg/g tissue, R2 0.97 and 0.98 linearity, relative standard deviation QC <13.6%, and 97-112% accuracy. Other MS modes resulted in LOD 6.7-569.4 and 2.6-119.1 μg/g tissue, R2 0.86-0.98 and 0.86-0.98 linearity, relative standard deviation QC < 19.4 and < 37.5%, and 70-356% and 64-398% accuracy for drug candidates A and B, respectively. In addition, we propose an optimized 3D printed mimetic tissue model to increase the overall analytical throughput of our approach for large animal studies. The MRM imaging platform was applied as proof-of-principle for quantitative detection of drug candidates A and B in four dog livers and compared to LC-MS. The Q-MSI concentrations differed <3.5 times with the concentrations observed by LC-MS. Our presented MRM-based Q-MSI approach provides a more selective and high-throughput analytical platform due to MRM specificity combined with an optimized 3D printed mimetic tissue model.
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Laser Ablation Remote-Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (LARESI MSI) Imaging-New Method for Detection and Spatial Localization of Metabolites and Mycotoxins Produced by Moulds. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110720. [PMID: 33217921 PMCID: PMC7698717 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no method has been developed to assess the distribution of mycotoxins on the surface of grains, or other plant material, and the depth of their penetration into the interior. The Infrared (IR) Laser Ablation-Remote-Electrospray Ionization (LARESI) platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS), measuring in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, was employed for the targeted imaging of selected metabolites of Aspergillus fumigatus, including mycotoxins in biological objects for the first time. This methodology allowed for the localisation of grain metabolites and fungal metabolites of grain infected by this mould. The distribution of metabolites in spelt grain was differentiated: fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, and fumiquinazoline D were located mainly in the embryo, brevianamide F in the seed coat, and fumagillin in the endosperm. The LARESI mass spectrometry imaging method can be used in the future for the metabolomic analysis of mould metabolites in various plants and agricultural products.
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Nizioł J, Sunner J, Beech I, Ossoliński K, Ossolińska A, Ossoliński T, Płaza A, Ruman T. Localization of Metabolites of Human Kidney Tissue with Infrared Laser-Based Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Silver-109 Nanoparticle-Based Surface Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4251-4258. [PMID: 32083846 PMCID: PMC7497619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
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Infrared (IR) laser
ablation-remote-electrospray ionization (LARESI)
platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operated in
selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM) modes was developed and employed for imaging of target metabolites
in human kidney cancer tissue. SRM or MRM modes were employed to avoid
artifacts that are present in full scan MS mode. Four tissue samples
containing both cancerous and noncancerous regions, obtained from
three patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), were imaged. Sixteen
endogenous metabolites that were reported in the literature as varying
in abundance between cancerous and noncancerous areas in various human
tissues were selected for analysis. Target metabolites comprised ten
amino acids, four nucleosides and nucleobases, lactate, and vitamin
E. For comparison purposes, images of the same metabolites were obtained
with ultraviolet (UV) desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
(UV-LDI-MSI) using monoisotopic silver-109 nanoparticle-enhanced target
(109AgNPET) in full-scan MS mode. The acquired MS images
revealed differences in abundances of selected metabolites between
cancerous and noncancerous regions of the kidney tissue. Importantly,
the two imaging methods offered similar results. This study demonstrates
the applicability of the novel ambient LARESI SRM/MRM MSI method to
both investigating and discovering cancer biomarkers in human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nizioł
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., Rzeszów, 35-959, Poland
| | - Jan Sunner
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3980, United States
| | - Iwona Beech
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3980, United States
| | - Krzysztof Ossoliński
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Grunwaldzka 4 St., Kolbuszowa, 36-100, Poland
| | - Anna Ossolińska
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Grunwaldzka 4 St., Kolbuszowa, 36-100, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ossoliński
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Grunwaldzka 4 St., Kolbuszowa, 36-100, Poland
| | - Aneta Płaza
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszów University of Technology, 8 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., Rzeszów, 35-959, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., Rzeszów, 35-959, Poland
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Claes BSR, Takeo E, Fukusaki E, Shimma S, Heeren RMA. Imaging Isomers on a Biological Surface: A Review. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2019; 8:A0078. [PMID: 32158629 PMCID: PMC7035452 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is an imaging technology that allows the localization and identification of molecules on (biological) sample surfaces. Obtaining the localization of a compound in tissue is of great value in biological research. Yet, the identification of compounds remains a challenge. Mass spectrometry alone, even with high-mass resolution, cannot always distinguish between the subtle structural differences of isomeric compounds. This review discusses recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging of lipids, steroid hormones, amino acids and proteins that allow imaging with isomeric resolution. These improvements in detailed identification can give new insights into the local biological activity of isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt S. R. Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht University
| | - Emi Takeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht University
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Yang S, Mu L, Feng R, Kong X. Selection of Internal Standards for Quantitative Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis Based on Correlation Coefficients. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8249-8254. [PMID: 31459912 PMCID: PMC6648383 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) has shown its great success in the qualitative analysis of a wide range of organic and biological molecules. However, its application in quantitative analysis is still limited by the difficulty in the availability of isotope-labeled internal standards. The present work investigates the relationship between the correlation coefficient of the peak intensities of analyte and candidate internal standard ions and the linearity of possible quantitative analysis. Based on the two analyte examples, ciprofloxacin and substance P, the results show that the performance of the selected nonisotope-labeled internal standard is greatly related to the correlation coefficient. A high positive correlation coefficient (>0.7) between the ions of analyte and candidate standard can result in a good linearity (R 2 > 0.98) and vice versa. The results provide a new way to select nonisotope-labeled internal standards for MALDI analysis and thus can be potentially applied in the rapid quantitative mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collage of
Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Mu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collage of
Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruxia Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collage of
Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collage of
Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Jiang Y, Sun J, Huang X, Shi H, Xiong C, Nie Z. Direct identification of forensic body fluids by MALDI-MS. Analyst 2019; 144:7017-7023. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01385g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid identification of human body fluids is meaningful for forensic casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Huixia Shi
- Institute of Forensic Science
- Ministry of Public Security P.R.C
- Beijing 100038
- China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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Rzagalinski I, Volmer DA. Quantification of low molecular weight compounds by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry - A tutorial review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:726-739. [PMID: 28012871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) permits label-free in situ analysis of chemical compounds directly from the surface of two-dimensional biological tissue slices. It links qualitative molecular information of compounds to their spatial coordinates and distribution within the investigated tissue. MALDI-MSI can also provide the quantitative amounts of target compounds in the tissue, if proper calibration techniques are performed. Obviously, as the target molecules are embedded within the biological tissue environment and analysis must be performed at their precise locations, there is no possibility for extensive sample clean-up routines or chromatographic separations as usually performed with homogenized biological materials; ion suppression phenomena therefore become a critical side effect of MALDI-MSI. Absolute quantification by MALDI-MSI should provide an accurate value of the concentration/amount of the compound of interest in relatively small, well-defined region of interest of the examined tissue, ideally in a single pixel. This goal is extremely challenging and will not only depend on the technical possibilities and limitations of the MSI instrument hardware, but equally on the chosen calibration/standardization strategy. These strategies are the main focus of this article and are discussed and contrasted in detail in this tutorial review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Rzagalinski
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Abstract
Drug analysis represents a large field in different disciplines. Plasma is commonly considered to be the biosample of choice for that purpose. However, concentrations often do not represent the levels present within deeper compartments and therefore cannot sufficiently explain efficacy or toxicology of drugs. MALDI-MS in drug analysis is of great interest for high-throughput quantification and particularly spatially resolved tissue imaging. The current perspective article will deal with challenges and opportunities of MALDI-MS drug analysis in different biological samples. A particular focus will be on hair samples. Recent applications were included, reviewed for their instrumental setup and sample preparation and pros and cons as well as future perspectives are critically discussed.
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Kiss A, Hopfgartner G. Laser-based methods for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds in biological matrices. Methods 2016; 104:142-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Wagner M, Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:361-438. [PMID: 25252132 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large-scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off-line and on-line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD-APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wagner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Goryński K, Kiedrowicz A, Bojko B. Development of SPME-LC-MS method for screening of eight beta-blockers and bronchodilators in plasma and urine samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:147-55. [PMID: 26971030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current work describes the development and validation of a simple, efficient, and fast method using solid phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-LC-MS/MS) for the concomitant measurement of eight beta-blockers and bronchodilators in plasma and urine. The presented assay enables quantitative determination of acebutolol, atenolol, fenoterol, nadolol, pindolol, procaterol, sotalol, and timolol. In this work, samples were prepared on a high-throughput platform using the 96-well plate format of the thin film solid phase microextraction (TFME) system, and a biocompatible extraction phase made of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance particles. Analytes were separated on a pentafluorophenyl column (100mm×2.1mm, 3μm) by gradient elution using an UPLC Nexera coupled with an LCMS-8060 mass spectrometer. The mobile phase consisted of water-acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4mLmin(-1). The linearity of the method was checked within therapeutic blood-plasma concentrations, and shown to adequately reflect typically expected concentrations of future study samples. Post-extraction addition experiments showed that the matrix effect ranged in plasma from 98% for procaterol to 115% for nadolol, and in urine, from 85% for nadolol and pindolol to 119% for atenolol. The method was successfully validated using Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, and met all acceptance criteria for bioanalytical assays at five concentration levels for all selected drugs. The final protocol can be successfully applied for monitoring concentrations of the selected drugs in both plasma and urine matrices obtained from patients or athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Alicja Kiedrowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
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Regulated bioanalysis of conformers - A case study with ASP2151 in dog plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 997:56-63. [PMID: 26093120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed and validated bioanalytical methods for a potent helicase-primase inhibitor ASP2151 that has two conformers. These conformers elute as unseparated broad peaks under ordinary high-performance liquid chromatographic conditions, indicating discernable differences in hydrophobicity. We observed that column temperature and mobile phase pH have no effect on these peaks and that conformers form a single symmetrical peak when tetrahydrofuran is added to the mobile phase. In addition, we needed to develop semi-automated methods where inter-conversion of the conformers is unlikely to cause sample-to-sample extraction variability. Briefly, following the addition of deuterium-labeled ASP2151 as an internal standard (IS), dog plasma samples or acetonitrile-added urine samples were filtrated. The filtrates were then injected into a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system and trapped onto an extraction column. Extracts were back-flushed onto an analytical C18 column (4.6×50mm, 3μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol, tetrahydrofuran, and 20mmol/L ammonium acetate (45:5:50, v/v/v). The eluent was monitored in the negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear over a range of 5-1000ng/mL for plasma and 0.5-100μg/mL for urine. Validation data met the acceptance criteria in accordance with regulatory guidance and demonstrated that these methods were selective, accurate, and reproducible. In addition, the present methods were successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in dogs.
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Porta T, Lesur A, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Quantification in MALDI-MS imaging: what can we learn from MALDI-selected reaction monitoring and what can we expect for imaging? Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2177-87. [PMID: 25486918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantification by mass spectrometry imaging (Q-MSI) is one of the hottest topics of the current discussions among the experts of the MS imaging community. If MSI is established as a powerful qualitative tool in drug and biomarker discovery, its reliability for absolute and accurate quantification (QUAN) is still controversial. Indeed, Q-MSI has to deal with several fundamental aspects that are difficult to control, and to account for absolute quantification. The first objective of this manuscript is to review the state-of-the-art of Q-MSI and the current strategies developed for absolute quantification by direct surface sampling from tissue sections. This includes comments on the quest for the perfect matrix-matched standards and signal normalization approaches. Furthermore, this work investigates quantification at a pixel level to determine how many pixels must be considered for accurate quantification by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), the most widely used technique for MSI. Particularly, this study focuses on the MALDI-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in rastering mode, previously demonstrated as a quantitative and robust approach for small analyte and peptide-targeted analyses. The importance of designing experiments of good quality and the use of a labeled compound for signal normalization is emphasized to minimize the signal variability. This is exemplified by measuring the signal for cocaine and a tryptic peptide (i.e., obtained after digestion of a monoclonal antibody) upon different experimental conditions, such as sample stage velocity, laser power and frequency, or distance between two raster lines. Our findings show that accurate quantification cannot be performed on a single pixel but requires averaging of at least 4-5 pixels. The present work demonstrates that MALDI-SRM/MSI is quantitative with precision better than 10-15 %, which meets the requirements of most guidelines (i.e., in bioanalysis or toxicology) for quantification of drugs or peptides from tissue homogenates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Porta
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Smith AME, Awuah E, Capretta A, Brennan JD. A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for direct screening of small molecule mixtures against an aminoglycoside kinase. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Silina YE, Volmer DA. Nanostructured solid substrates for efficient laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) of low molecular weight compounds. Analyst 2013; 138:7053-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Volk S, Schreiber TD, Eisen D, Wiese C, Planatscher H, Pynn CJ, Stoll D, Templin MF, Joos TO, Pötz O. Combining ultracentrifugation and peptide termini group-specific immunoprecipitation for multiplex plasma protein analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:O111.015438. [PMID: 22527512 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o111.015438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is a valuable source of potential biomarkers. However, its complexity and the huge dynamic concentration range of its constituents complicate its analysis. To tackle this problem, an immunoprecipitation strategy was employed using antibodies directed against short terminal epitope tags (triple X proteomics antibodies), which allow the enrichment of groups of signature peptides derived from trypsin-digested plasma. Isolated signature peptides are subsequently detected using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Sensitivity of the immunoaffinity approach was, however, compromised by the presence of contaminant peaks derived from the peptides of nontargeted high abundant proteins. A closer analysis of the enrichment strategy revealed nonspecific peptide binding to the solid phase affinity matrix as the major source of the contaminating peptides. We therefore implemented a sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation separation step into the procedure. This yielded a 99% depletion of contaminating peptides from a sucrose fraction containing 70% of the peptide-antibody complexes and enabled the detection of the previously undetected low abundance protein filamin-A. Assessment of this novel approach using 15 different triple X proteomics antibodies demonstrated a more consistent detection of a greater number of targeted peptides and a significant reduction in the intensity of nonspecific peptides. Ultracentrifugation coupled with immunoaffinity MS approaches presents a powerful tool for multiplexed plasma protein analysis without the requirement for demanding liquid chromatography separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Volk
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
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Brusniak MYK, Chu CS, Kusebauch U, Sartain MJ, Watts JD, Moritz RL. An assessment of current bioinformatic solutions for analyzing LC-MS data acquired by selected reaction monitoring technology. Proteomics 2012; 12:1176-84. [PMID: 22577019 PMCID: PMC3857306 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is an accurate quantitative technique, typically used for small-molecule mass spectrometry (MS). SRM has emerged as an important technique for targeted and hypothesis-driven proteomic research, and is becoming the reference method for protein quantification in complex biological samples. SRM offers high selectivity, a lower limit of detection and improved reproducibility, compared to conventional shot-gun-based tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) methods. Unlike LC-MS/MS, which requires computationally intensive informatic postanalysis, SRM requires preacquisition bioinformatic analysis to determine proteotypic peptides and optimal transitions to uniquely identify and to accurately quantitate proteins of interest. Extensive arrays of bioinformatics software tools, both web-based and stand-alone, have been published to assist researchers to determine optimal peptides and transition sets. The transitions are oftentimes selected based on preferred precursor charge state, peptide molecular weight, hydrophobicity, fragmentation pattern at a given collision energy (CE), and instrumentation chosen. Validation of the selected transitions for each peptide is critical since peptide performance varies depending on the mass spectrometer used. In this review, we provide an overview of open source and commercial bioinformatic tools for analyzing LC-MS data acquired by SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline S. Chu
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Ulrike Kusebauch
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Mark J. Sartain
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Julian D. Watts
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Robert L. Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
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18
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Jungmann JH, Heeren RMA. Emerging technologies in mass spectrometry imaging. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5077-5092. [PMID: 22469858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as an analytical tool for bio-molecular and bio-medical research targets accurate compound localization and identification. In terms of dedicated instrumentation, this translates into the demand for more detail in the image dimension (spatial resolution) and in the spectral dimension (mass resolution and accuracy), preferably combined in one instrument. At the same time, large area biological tissue samples require fast acquisition schemes, instrument automation and a robust data infrastructure. This review discusses the analytical capabilities of an "ideal" MSI instrument for bio-molecular and bio-medical molecular imaging. The analytical attributes of such an ideal system are contrasted with technological and methodological challenges in MSI. In particular, innovative instrumentation for high spatial resolution imaging in combination with high sample throughput is discussed. Detector technology that targets various shortcomings of conventional imaging detector systems is highlighted. The benefits of accurate mass analysis, high mass resolving power, additional separation strategies and multimodal three-dimensional data reconstruction algorithms are discussed to provide the reader with an insight in the current technological advances and the potential of MSI for bio-medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Jungmann
- FOM-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- FOM-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Thunig J, Flø L, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen SH, Janfelt C. Liquid-phase microextraction and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identification and quantification of basic drugs in human urine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:133-40. [PMID: 22173801 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) were evaluated for the identification and quantification of basic drugs in human urine samples. The selective extraction capabilities of three-phase LPME provided a significant reduction in the matrix effects otherwise observed in direct DESI-MS analysis of urine samples. Aqueous LPME extracts (in 10 mM HCl) were deposited on porous Teflon, dried at room temperature, and the dried spots were then analyzed directly with DESI-MS in full scan mode. Pethidine, diphenhydramine, nortriptyline, and methadone were used as model compounds for identification, and their limits of identification were determined to be 100, 25, 100, and 30 ng/mL, respectively. In a reliability test with 19 spiked urine samples, 100% of the positive samples containing the model drugs in concentrations at or above the limit of identification were identified. Diphenhydramine was used as a model compound for quantitative analysis with diphenhydramine-d(5) as an internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in the range 50-2000 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.992) with a limit of quantification at approximately 140 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were <9.5%. In a reliability test with six spiked urine samples, deviations between the measured and the true values for diphenhydramine were in the range 0.2-22.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Thunig
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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20
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Xiang Y, Koomen JM. Evaluation of direct infusion-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry for quantification of heat shock proteins. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1981-6. [PMID: 22293045 DOI: 10.1021/ac203011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein quantification with liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) has emerged as a powerful platform for assessing panels of biomarkers. In this study, direct infusion, using automated, chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization, coupled with MRM (DI-MRM) is used for protein quantification. Removal of the LC separation step increases the importance of evaluating the ratios between the transitions. Therefore, the effects of solvent composition, analyte concentration, spray voltage, and quadrupole resolution settings on fragmentation patterns have been studied using peptide and protein standards. After DI-MRM quantification was evaluated for standards, quantitative assays for the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were translated from LC-MRM to DI-MRM for implementation in cell line models of multiple myeloma. Requirements for DI-MRM assay development are described. Then, the two methods are compared; criteria for effective DI-MRM analysis are reported on the basis of the analysis of HSP expression in digests of whole cell lysates. The increased throughput of DI-MRM analysis is useful for rapid analysis of large batches of similar samples, such as time course measurements of cellular responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiang
- Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center at the University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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21
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Impact of internal standard addition on dried blood spot analysis in bioanalytical method development. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:2357-64. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Addition of internal standards to dried blood spot (DBS) specimens can be complicated. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of different internal standard addition procedures. Nevirapine and its stable-isotope analogue were used as model compounds and concentrations in DBS specimen were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring. Results: The addition procedure of the stable isotope-labeled internal standard had significant impact on observed nevirapine concentrations. Relative recovery rates depending on the internal standard addition procedure ranged between 11.4 and 107.9%. Experiments with different punch sizes (5 and 7 mm diameter) showed no significant influence on observed nevirapine concentrations. Conclusion: Application of internal standard prior to blood spotting provided good nevirapine recoveries and this procedure is well suited for applying DBS in infectious diseases, especially in HIV-infection treatment.
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Porta T, Grivet C, Kraemer T, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Single hair cocaine consumption monitoring by mass spectrometric imaging. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4266-72. [PMID: 21510611 DOI: 10.1021/ac200610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to image the distribution of cocaine and its metabolites in intact single hair samples from chronic users down to a concentration of 5 ng/mg. Acquisitions were performed in rastering mode, at a speed of 1 mm/s and in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode on a MALDI triple quadrupole linear ion trap fitted with a high repetition rate laser (1 kHz). Compared to traditional methods based on LC-MS/MS or GC-MS(/MS) which require to segment the hair to obtain spatial resolution, MALDI-MSI, with a straightforward sample preparation beforehand, allowed obtaining a spatial resolution of 1 mm and thus the chronological information about cocaine consumption contained in a single intact hair over several months could be monitored. The analysis time of an intact single hair sample of 6 cm is approximately of 6 min. Cocaine and its metabolites benzoylecgonine, ethylcocaine, and norcocaine were investigated in nine sets of hair samples for forensic purposes. The analyses were accomplished by spraying α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 4-chloro-α-cyano-cinnamic acid (Cl-CCA), or (E)-2-cyano-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid (NpCCA) as MALDI matrices. We also propose a rapid strategy for sensitive confirmatory analyses with both MS/MS and MS(3) experiments performed directly on intact hair samples. Since only part of the hair strand is analyzed, additional analyses are possible at any time on the remaining hair from the strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Porta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Prideaux B, Dartois V, Staab D, Weiner DM, Goh A, Via LE, Barry CE, Stoeckli M. High-sensitivity MALDI-MRM-MS imaging of moxifloxacin distribution in tuberculosis-infected rabbit lungs and granulomatous lesions. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2112-8. [PMID: 21332183 PMCID: PMC3158846 DOI: 10.1021/ac1029049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-MSI is a powerful technology for localizing drug and metabolite distributions in biological tissues. To enhance our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) drug efficacy and how efficiently certain drugs reach their site of action, MALDI-MSI was applied to image the distribution of the second-line TB drug moxifloxacin at a range of time points after dosing. The ability to perform multiple monitoring of selected ion transitions in the same experiment enabled extremely sensitive imaging of moxifloxacin within tuberculosis-infected rabbit lung biopsies in less than 15 min per tissue section. Homogeneous application of a reference standard during the matrix spraying process enabled the ion-suppressing effects of the inhomogeneous lung tissue to be normalized. The drug was observed to accumulate in granulomatous lesions at levels higher than that in the surrounding lung tissue from 1.5 h postdose until the final time point. MALDI-MSI moxifloxacin distribution data were validated by quantitative LC/MS/MS analysis of lung and granuloma extracts from adjacent biopsies taken from the same animals. Drug distribution within the granulomas was observed to be inhomogeneous, and very low levels were observed in the caseum in comparison to the cellular granuloma regions. In this experiment the MALDI-MRM-MSI method was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for analyzing the distribution of anti-TB compounds and will be applied to distribution studies of additional drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Prideaux
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Porta T, Grivet C, Knochenmuss R, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Alternative CHCA-based matrices for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds by UV-MALDI-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:144-152. [PMID: 21259393 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of low molecular weight compounds (LMWC) in complex matrices by vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) often suffers from matrix interferences, which can severely degrade limits of quantitation. It is, therefore, useful to have available a range of suitable matrices, which exhibit complementary regions of interference. Two newly synthesized α-cyanocinnamic acid derivatives are reported here; (E)-2-cyano-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid (NpCCA) and (2E)-3-(anthracen-9-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2enoic acid (AnCCA). Along with the commonly used α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), and the recently developed 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (Cl-CCA) matrices, these constitute a chemically similar series of matrices covering a range of molecular weights, and with correspondingly differing ranges of spectral interference. Their performance was compared by measuring the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 47 analytes, mostly pharmaceuticals, with the different matrices using the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode on a triple quadrupole instrument equipped with a vacuum MALDI source. AnCCA, NpCCA and Cl-CCA were found to offer better signal-to-noise ratios in SRM mode than CHCA, but Cl-CCA yielded the best results for 60% of the compounds tested. To better understand the relative performance of this matrix series, the proton affinities (PAs) were measured using the kinetic method. Their relative values were: AnCCA > CHCA > NpCCA > Cl-CCA. This ordering is consistent with the performance data. The synthesis of the new matrices is straightforward and they provide (1) tunability of matrix background interfering ions and (2) enhanced analyte response for certain classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Porta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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25
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van Kampen JJA, Burgers PC, de Groot R, Gruters RA, Luider TM. Biomedical application of MALDI mass spectrometry for small-molecule analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:101-120. [PMID: 20169623 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging analytical tool for the analysis of molecules with molar masses below 1,000 Da; that is, small molecules. This technique offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, low sample consumption, a relative high tolerance towards salts and buffers, and the possibility to store sample on the target plate. The successful application of the technique is, however, hampered by low molecular weight (LMW) matrix-derived interference signals and by poor reproducibility of signal intensities during quantitative analyses. In this review, we focus on the biomedical application of MALDI-MS for the analysis of small molecules and discuss its favorable properties and its challenges as well as strategies to improve the performance of the technique. Furthermore, practical aspects and applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J A van Kampen
- Laboratories of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Shou WZ, Zhang J. Recent development in high-throughput bioanalytical support forin vitroADMET profiling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:321-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250903547829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Abstract
β-blockers are a class of antihypertensive drugs that are used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction (heart attack) and hypertension. They have revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris and are recommended as first-line agents by national and international guidelines. Although β-blockers are still the cornerstone for the treatment of heart failure, some of the drugs in this category are prohibited in several sports requiring vehicle control and bodily movements as they reduce heart rate and tremors, and improve performance. As a result, urine analysis of β-blockers is mandatory in doping control and toxicological screening. The determination of plasma levels of β-blockers helps to ensure noncompliance in patients with persistent hypertonia to confirm the diagnosis of β-blocker poisoning and for therapeutic drug monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive account of various analytical methods developed for detection and quantitation of β-blockers in plasma and urine.
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28
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Cham Mead JA, Bianco L, Bessant C. Free computational resources for designing selected reaction monitoring transitions. Proteomics 2010; 10:1106-26. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Persike M, Zimmermann M, Klein J, Karas M. Quantitative Determination of Acetylcholine and Choline in Microdialysis Samples by MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Chem 2010; 82:922-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Persike
- Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Karas
- Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Koulman A, Petras D, Narayana VK, Wang L, Volmer DA. Comparative high-speed profiling of carboxylic acid metabolite levels by differential isotope-coded MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7544-51. [PMID: 19702295 DOI: 10.1021/ac900562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This present work describes the development of a novel high throughput comparative matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry profiling technique for endogenous compounds using a new isotope-coded label for relative quantitation of carboxylic acids. The key new aspect of this technique was a differential label, 3-hydroxymethyl-1-ethylpyrididinium iodide (HMEP), designed specifically for simultaneous quantitative MALDI analysis of two physiological states. The HMEP-d(0) and HMEP-d(5) variants of the label were applied to profiling endogenous fatty acid levels during a fish oil intervention study, using the metabolite profile of every individual person in the study as their own personal analytical reference standard. Initially, analytical figures of merit such as sensitivity, linear dynamic range, limit of quantitation, and precision were determined from the comparative quantitation experiments. Importantly, the permanently charged HMEP mass tag not only increased the ionization efficiency of the studied fatty acids but also ensured that the solution phase properties of the analytes became more similar, allowing the use of CHCA as a single MALDI matrix compound for the entire range of analytes. The label exhibited a further very unique feature; it provided complete suppression of MALDI matrix-related ions. The MALDI assay was able to generate the data much faster than conventional gas chromatography (GC) methods for fatty acids. It is shown in this study that analyzing a single sample took less than 10 s with analytical results of comparable quality to those obtained by GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Persike M, Karas M. Rapid simultaneous quantitative determination of different small pharmaceutical drugs using a conventional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3555-3562. [PMID: 19844965 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study establishes a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous quantification of different small pharmaceutical drugs using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization source (MALDI) coupled with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer. Neither time-consuming sample preparation, nor special target plates, isotopically labelled internal standards or other extra equipment are necessary. A simple standard dried-droplet preparation with the common matrix alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) was used. The background signals of CHCA in the low-mass region did not pose the presumed problem, because the sensitivity, resolution and mass accuracy of a modern MALDI-TOF MS system is sufficient to overcome this difficulty. Four experiments were performed in order to verify the quantification method. First, ten different phenothiazines were quantified in the range of 5-2000 nM (1-880 ng/mL). A good precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) 4.4-9.3%), linearity (R2 >0.99) and accuracy (error 4.7-11%) was obtained in all cases. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of these ten phenothiazines was carried out in human plasma without prior chromatographic separation in the range of 2-1750 ng/mL yielding good linearity, precision and accuracy (mean RSD 7.6%; R2 >0.99, mean error 8.0%). Accordingly, a quantitative analysis of ten chemically and pharmaceutically unrelated drugs was performed in the same way. A comparable linearity (R2 >0.99), precision (mean RSD 7.6%) and accuracy (mean error 8.3%) was obtained in the range of 5-2000 nM. Finally, the prazosin content of a commercial tablet was directly determined without further purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Persike
- Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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32
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Höfner G, Merkel D, Wanner KT. MS Binding Assays-with MALDI toward High Throughput. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1523-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Hopfgartner G, Varesio E, Stoeckli M. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging of complete rat sections using a triple quadrupole linear ion trap. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:733-736. [PMID: 19206086 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fast imaging of complete rat sections by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization on a triple quadrupole linear ion trap is demonstrated. After administration of the pharmaceutical compound (MW=467.4 u) at 0.5 mg/kg the parent drug could be identified in full scan mode and in the enhanced product ion spectrum mode. Furthermore, the precursor ion mode could also be used to monitor the presence of the parent drug in the tissue section. In the selected reaction monitoring mode, using a laser frequency of 1000 Hz and a rastering speed of about 18 mm/s, a targeted representative image of drug distribution in a rat section could be obtained in less than 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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34
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Duncan MW, Roder H, Hunsucker SW. Quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 7:355-70. [PMID: 19106161 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/eln041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the essential characteristics of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), especially as they relate to its applications in quantitative analysis. Approaches to quantification by MALDI-TOF MS are presented and published applications are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Duncan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8106, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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35
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Manicke NE, Kistler T, Ifa DR, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. High-throughput quantitative analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:321-325. [PMID: 19013081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed high-throughput desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source was characterized in terms of its performance in quantitative analysis. A 96-sample array, containing pharmaceuticals in various matrices, was analyzed in a single run with a total analysis time of 3 min. These solution-phase samples were examined from a hydrophobic PTFE ink printed on glass. The quantitative accuracy, precision, and limit of detection (LOD) were characterized. Chemical background-free samples of propranolol (PRN) with PRN-d(7) as internal standard (IS) and carbamazepine (CBZ) with CBZ-d(10) as IS were examined. So were two other sample sets consisting of PRN/PRN-d(7) at varying concentration in a biological milieu of 10% urine or porcine brain total lipid extract, total lipid concentration 250 ng/microL. The background-free samples, examined in a total analysis time of 1.5 s/sample, showed good quantitative accuracy and precision, with a relative error (RE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) generally less than 3% and 5%, respectively. The samples in urine and the lipid extract required a longer analysis time (2.5 s/sample) and showed RSD values of around 10% for the samples in urine and 4% for the lipid extract samples and RE values of less than 3% for both sets. The LOD for PRN and CBZ when analyzed without chemical background was 10 and 30 fmol, respectively. The LOD of PRN increased to 400 fmol analyzed in 10% urine, and 200 fmol when analyzed in the brain lipid extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Biosciences Center, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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36
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Trevorrow P. Launch Editorial. Drug Test Anal 2009; 1:1-3. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Zhang H, Yang Y. An algorithm for thorough background subtraction from high-resolution LC/MS data: application for detection of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1181-1190. [PMID: 18300330 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A control sample background-subtraction algorithm was developed for thorough subtraction of background and matrix-related signals in high-resolution, accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) data to reveal ions of interest in an analyte sample. This algorithm checked all ions in the control scans within a specified time window around the analyte scan for potential subtraction of ions found in that analyte scan. Applying this method, chromatographic fluctuations between runs were dealt with and background and matrix-related signals in the sample could be thoroughly subtracted. The effectiveness of this algorithm was demonstrated using four test compounds, clozapine, diclofenac, imipramine, and tacrine, to reveal glutathione (GSH)-trapped reactive metabolites after incubation with human liver microsomes supplemented with GSH (30 microM compound, 45-min incubation). Using this algorithm with a+/-1.0 min control scan time window, a+/-5 ppm mass error tolerance, and appropriate control samples, the GSH-trapped metabolites were revealed as the major peaks in the processed LC/MS profiles. Such profiles allowed for comprehensive and reliable identification of these metabolites without the need for any presumptions regarding their behavior or properties with respect to mass spectrometric detection. The algorithm was shown to provide superior results when compared to several commercially available background-subtraction algorithms. Many of the metabolites detected were doubly charged species which would be difficult to detect with traditional GSH adduct screening techniques, and thus, some of the adducts have not previously been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
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38
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Wagner M, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Ultra-fast quantitation of saquinavir in human plasma by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and selected reaction monitoring mode detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 872:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4-Chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid is an advanced, rationally designed MALDI matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12200-5. [PMID: 18723668 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803056105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has become an enabling technology for the fields of protein mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics. Despite its widespread use, for example, in protein identification via peptide mass fingerprinting, a comprehensive model for the generation of free gas-phase ions has not yet been developed. All matrices in use today, such as alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), have been found empirically and stem from the early days of MALDI. By systematic and targeted variation of the functional groups of the alpha-cyanocinnamic acid core unit, 4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid (Cl-CCA) was selected and synthesized, and it exhibited outstanding matrix properties. Key features are a substantial increase in sensitivity and a considerably enhanced peptide recovery in proteomic analyses because of a much more uniform response to peptides of different basicity. Using Cl-CCA as a matrix for a 1 fmol bovine serum albumin (BSA) in-solution digest, the sequence coverage is raised to 48%, compared with 4% for CHCA. For a gel band containing 25 fmol of BSA, unambiguous protein identification becomes possible with Cl-CCA. These findings also imply ion formation via a chemical ionization mechanism with proton transfer from a reactive protonated matrix species to the peptide analytes. The considerable increase in performance promises to have a strong impact on future analytical applications of MALDI, because current sensitivity limits are overcome and more comprehensive analyses come into reach.
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van Kampen JJA, Burgers PC, Gruters RA, Osterhaus ADME, de Groot R, Luider TM, Volmer DA. Quantitative analysis of antiretroviral drugs in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using MALDI-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4969-75. [PMID: 18533679 DOI: 10.1021/ac800218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here on the use of a prototype matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantitative analysis of six antiretroviral drugs in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Of the five investigated MALDI matrixes, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and the novel 7-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (HFMC) showed the broadest application ranges for the antiretroviral drugs. For DHB, the mean relative errors ranged from 8.3 (ritonavir) to 4.3% (saquinavir). The mean precisions (CV) ranged from 17.3 (nevirapine) to 10.8% (saquinavir). The obtained lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) readily allow clinical applications using just 1 million PBMC from HIV-infected patients under therapy. The new matrix HFMC was used for quantitative analysis of the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir using a stainless steel target plate as well as a target plate with a novel, strongly hydrophobic fluoropolymer coating. Using the coated target plate, the mean relative error improved from 10.1 to 4.6%, the mean precision from 33.9 to 9.9% CV, and the LLOQ from 16 to 1 fmol. In addition, the measurement time for one spot went down from 6 to only 2.5 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J A van Kampen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology and Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Ifa DR, Manicke NE, Rusine AL, Cooks RG. Quantitative analysis of small molecules by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry from polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:503-510. [PMID: 18215006 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is an emerging technique for ambient analysis. However, its application to routine quantitation has not been explored extensively and this is undertaken here. We present studies that utilize a particularly suitable surface, porous polytetrafluoroethylene (porous PTFE), which shows less cross contamination between samples and improved sensitivity and signal stability compared to other surfaces. Quantitative experiments for 1 microL spotted solutions of the beta-blocker propranolol, using isotopically labeled propranolol as internal standard, showed a good linear correlation (r2 > 0.996) over the range 0.01-100 microM. The inter-day precision, based on the relative standard deviation, for replicates analyzed on three different days was 13% for 0.01 microM and better than 7% for the remainder of the calibration points. The inter-day accuracy, expressed as relative error, was better than +/-7% for all calibration points along the curve. These day-to-day measurements suggest that DESI-MS can be successfully employed for routine quantitative analysis. The use of the analog atenolol as an internal standard and further considerations that should improve quantitation by DESI-MS are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian R Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Biosciences Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Volmer DA, Sleno L, Bateman K, Sturino C, Oballa R, Mauriala T, Corr J. Comparison of MALDI to ESI on a Triple Quadrupole Platform for Pharmacokinetic Analyses. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9000-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7016234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich A. Volmer
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Bateman
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudio Sturino
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renata Oballa
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timo Mauriala
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Corr
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, Canada
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