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Khaled N, Ibrahim N, Ali AE, Youssef FS, El-Ahmady SH. LC-qTOF-MS/MS phytochemical profiling of Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Ex DC.) Standl. leaf and assessment of its neuroprotective potential in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118292. [PMID: 38705428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia impetiginosa (Bignoniaceae) was traditionally used for memory enhancement and central nervous system (CNS) stimulation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to create a metabolic profile of the ethyl acetate fraction of T. impetiginosa (TEF) and investigate for the first time its neuroprotective potential on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced chemobrain, validating its traditional use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolite profiling of TEF was performed using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass/Mass Spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS/MS). For the in vivo study, CP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to induce cognitive impairment in rats; TEF (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered throughout the 14 days of the experiment to assess its role in mitigating CP-induced neuronal deficits. Behavioral tests including locomotor, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tests were conducted. Additionally, biochemical markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-3 immunoexpression were assessed in the hippocampus area. RESULTS Forty-four phytoconstituents were tentatively identified in TEF, mainly iridoids and organic acids. TEF showed significant memory enhancement as evidenced by the increase in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test by 1.5 folds and the increase in sequence alternation percentage (SAP) in the Y-maze test by 67.3%, as compared to CP-group. Moreover, it showed pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials evidenced by the significant elevation in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels by 80% and a pronounced decline in MDA and TNF-α levels by 24% and 45%, respectively relative to the CP group. TEF treatment restored normal hippocampal histological features and attenuated apoptotic caspase-3 expression by 70% compared to the CP group. CONCLUSIONS TEF can act as a promising natural scaffold in managing the chemobrain induced by CP in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma Khaled
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nehal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Upadyshev M, Ivanova B, Motyleva S. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Metabolites after Magnetic-Pulse Treatment of Infected Pyrus communis L. Microplants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16776. [PMID: 38069098 PMCID: PMC10705910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The major goal of this study is to create a venue for further work on the effect of pulsed magnetic fields on plant metabolism. It deals with metabolite synthesis in the aforementioned conditions in microplants of Pyrus communis L. So far, there have been glimpses into the governing factors of plant biochemistry in vivo, and low-frequency pulsed magnestatic fields have been shown to induce additional electric currents in plant tissues, thus perturbing the value of cell membrane potential and causing the biosynthesis of new metabolites. In this study, sixty-seven metabolites synthesized in microplants within 3-72 h after treatment were identified and annotated. In total, thirty-one metabolites were produced. Magnetic-pulse treatment caused an 8.75-fold increase in the concentration of chlorogenic acid (RT = 8.33 ± 0.0197 min) in tissues and the perturbation of phenolic composition. Aucubin, which has antiviral and antistress biological activity, was identified as well. This study sheds light on the effect of magnetic fields on the biochemistry of low-molecular-weight metabolites of pear plants in vitro, thus providing in-depth metabolite analysis under optimized synthetic conditions. This study utilized high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, metabolomics methods, stochastic dynamics mass spectrometry, quantum chemistry, and chemometrics, respectively. Stochastic dynamics uses the relationships between measurands and molecular structures of silylated carbohydrates, showing virtually identical mass spectra and comparable chemometrics parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Upadyshev
- Laboratory of Virology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127422 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Svetlana Motyleva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops”, Molodezhnaya Str. 10, 302502 Oryol, Russia
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Shim KS, Song HK, Hwang YH, Chae S, Kim HK, Jang S, Kim YH, Choo BK, Yang WK, Kim SH, Kim T, Kim KM. Ethanol extract of Veronica persica ameliorates house dust mite-induced asthmatic inflammation by inhibiting STAT-3 and STAT-6 activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113264. [PMID: 35696941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Veronica persica is a flowering plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Here, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the ethanol extract of Veronica persica (EEVP) in an airway inflammation model. We examined airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, and total cell numbers in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological analysis of the lung tissue was performed using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, or periodic acid-Schiff staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in the lung and BALF was applied to clarify the changes in immune cell types. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to investigate cytokine levels and gene expression related to airway inflammation. STAT-3/6 phosphorylation was examined in primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells using western blot analysis. EEVP significantly suppressed total IgE levels and methacholine-induced increase of Penh value in the HDM-challenged mouse model. EEVP also attenuated the severity of airway remodeling in lung tissues and decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and BALF. EEVP significantly reduced the production of cytokines in BAL and splenocyte culture medium, and the expression of mRNAs related to airway inflammation in the lung tissue. EEVP suppressed IL-4/13-induced STAT-3/6 phosphorylation in the epithelial cells. We showed for the first time that EEVP effectively inhibits eosinophilic airway inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors for T cell activation and polarization, and inhibits MCP-1 production of bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells by suppressing STAT-3/6 activation. EEVP may be a potential pharmacological agent to prevent inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Scrophulariae Radix: An Overview of Its Biological Activities and Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175250. [PMID: 34500684 PMCID: PMC8434300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrophulariae Radix (SR) has an important role as a medicinal plant, the roots of which are recorded used to cure fever, swelling, constipation, pharyngitis, laryngitis, neuritis, sore throat, rheumatism, and arthritis in Asia for more than two thousand years. In this paper, the studies published on Scrophularia buergeriana (SB) and Scrophularia ningpoensis (SN) in the latest 20 years were reviewed, and the biological activities of SB and SN were evaluated based on in vitro and in vivo studies. SB presented anti-inflammatory activities, immune-enhancing effects, bone disorder prevention activity, neuroprotective effect, anti-amnesic effect, and anti-allergic effect; SN showed a neuroprotective effect, anti-apoptotic effect, anti-amnesic effect, and anti-depressant effect; and SR exhibited an immune-enhancing effect and cardioprotective effects through in vitro and in vivo experiments. SB and SN are both known to exert neuroprotective and anti-amensice effects. This review investigated their applicability in the nutraceutical, functional foods, and pharmaceutical industries. Further studies, such as toxicological studies and clinical trials, on the efficacy and safety of SR, including SB and SN, need to be conducted.
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Manivannan A, Lee ES, Han K, Lee HE, Kim DS. Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon-A Modest Fruit Loaded with Pharmaceutically Valuable Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:E5258. [PMID: 33187365 PMCID: PMC7698065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. Apart from the fruits, the extracts prepared from the seeds, sprouts, and leaves also evidenced medicinal properties. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of benefits of watermelon for the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (A.M.); (E.-S.L.); (K.H.); (H.-E.L.)
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Rivera-Mondragón A, Tuenter E, Ortiz O, Sakavitsi ME, Nikou T, Halabalaki M, Caballero-George C, Apers S, Pieters L, Foubert K. UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and NMR structural determination for the untargeted phytochemical characterization of the fruit of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112438. [PMID: 32619738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fruit pulp of Crescentia cujete is traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of respiratory conditions and gastrointestinal disorders. Due to the lack of a comprehensive phytochemical description of the fruit of this plant, its active compounds and rational quality control parameters have not yet been described. An untargeted metabolomics approach combining UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking with conventional isolation and NMR methods was carried out for the phytochemical profiling of the fruit pulp of Crescentia cujete. Sixty-six metabolites, including nine n-alkyl glycosides, twenty-three phenolic acid derivatives (such as cinnamoyl and benzoyl derivatives), fifteen flavonoids, four phenylethanoid derivatives and fifteen iridoid glycosides were identified at different levels of confirmation: eighteen confirmed structures (Level 1), six probable structures (Level 2) and forty two tentative candidates (Level 3). Among these, all four phenylethanoid derivatives were described for the first time within this species. In addition, 8-epi-eranthemoside, crescentiol A and crescentiol B were reported as three undescribed iridoid glucosides. The use of molecular networking has resulted in a detailed phytochemical overview of this species. This work provides a useful tool for further development and validation of appropriate analytical methods for routine quality control assessment of commercially available products containing the fruit of this species and further interpretation of their related pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Building 208, City of Knowledge, Panama.
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Orlando Ortiz
- Herbario PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Panama
| | - Maria E Sakavitsi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Nikou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Building 208, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Xie G, Jiang Y, Huang M, Zhu Y, Wu G, Qin M. Dynamic analysis of secondary metabolites in various parts of Scrophularia ningpoensis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113307. [PMID: 32375107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis are used as traditional medicines for thousands of years in China, nevertheless the stems and leaves were discarded as non-medicinal parts. Modern research have indicated the chemical constituents in the stems and leaves are similar to the identified in the roots, and the therapeutic effects of stems and leaves are superior to roots for some disease. In the study, the chemical constituents in roots, stems and leaves of S. ningpoensis were analyzed qualitatively by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. 40 compounds including 17 iridoid glycosides, 15 phenylpropanoids and 8 flavonoids were identified. Meantime, the dynamic accumulations of six index constituents in various parts were measured by HPLC-DAD. The results indicated the S. ningpoensis stems contained high content of aucubin (30.09 mg/g) and harpagide (28.4 mg/g) in August, and the leaves contained high content of harpagoside (12.02 mg/g) in July. The study provides the basis for the full development and utilization of the resource of stems and leaves from S. ningpoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Xie
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Minjian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of aucubin. Fitoterapia 2020; 140:104443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Malange KF, Dos Santos GG, Kato NN, Toffoli-Kadri MC, Carollo CA, Silva DB, Portugal LC, Alves FM, Rita PHS, Parada CA, Rondon ES. Tabebuia aurea decreases hyperalgesia and neuronal injury induced by snake venom. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:131-140. [PMID: 30590196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore is used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiophidic in traditional medicine, though its pharmacological proprieties are still underexplored. In the bothropic envenoming, pain is a key symptom drove by an intense local inflammatory and neurotoxic event. The antivenom serum therapy is still the main treatment despite its poor local effects against pain and tissue injury. Furthermore, it is limited to ambulatorial niches, giving space for the search of new and more inclusive pharmacological approaches. AIM OF THE STUDY evaluation of Tabebuia aurea hydroethanolic extract (HEETa) in hyperalgesia and neuronal injury induced by Bothrops mattogrossensis venom (VBm). MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem barks from Tabebuia aurea were extracted with ethanol and water (7:3, v/v) to yield the extract HEETa. Then, HEETa was analyzed by LC-DAD-MS and its constituents were identified. Snake venoms were extracted from adult specimens of Bothrops mattogrossensis, lyophilized and kept at -20 °C until use. Male Swiss mice, weighting 20-25 g, were used to hyperalgesia (electronic von Frey), motor impairment (Rotarod test) and tissue injury evaluation (histopatology and ATF-3 immunohistochemistry). Therefore, three experimental groups were formed: VBm (1 pg, 1 ng, 0.3 μg, 1 μg, 3 and 6 μg/paw), HEETa orally (180, 540, 720, 810 or 1080 mg/kg; 10 mL/kg, 30 min prior VBm inoculation) and VBm neutralized (VBm: HEETa, 1:100 parts, respectively). In all set of experiments a control (saline group) was used. First, we made a dose-time-response course curve of VBm's induced hyperalgesia. Next, VBm maximum hyperalgesic dose was employed to perform HEETa orally dose-time-response course curve and analyses of VBm neutralized. Paw tissues for histopathology and DRGs were collected from animals inoculated with VBm maximum dose and treated with HEETa antihyperalgesic effective dose or neutralized VBm. Paws were extract two or 72 h after VBm inoculation and DRGs, in the maximum expected time expression of ATF-3 (72 h). RESULTS From HEETa extract, glycosylated iridoids were identified, such as catalpol, minecoside, verminoside and specioside. VBm induced a time and dose dependent hyperalgesia with its highest effect seen with 3 µg/paw, 2 h after venom inoculation. HEETa effective dose (720 mg/kg) decreased significantly VBm induced hyperalgesia (3 µg/paw) with no motor impairment and signs of acute toxicity. HEETa antihyperalgesic action starts 1.5 h after VBm inoculation and lasted up until 2 h after VBm. Hyperalgesia wasn't reduced by VBm: HEETa neutralization. Histopathology revealed a large hemorragic field 2 h after VBm inoculation and an intense inflammatory infiltrate of polymorphonuclear cells at 72 h. Both HEETa orally and VBm: HEETa groups had a reduced inflammation at 72 h after VBm. Also, the venom significantly induced ATF-3 expression (35.37 ± 3.25%) compared with saline group (4.18 ± 0.68%) which was reduced in HEETa orally (25.87 ± 2.57%) and VBm: HEETa (19.84 ± 2.15%) groups. CONCLUSION HEETa reduced the hyperalgesia and neuronal injury induced by VBm. These effects could be related to iridoid glycosides detected in HEETa and their intrinsic reported mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Franco Malange
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilson Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Naomi Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Toffoli-Kadri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane Candeloro Portugal
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Macedo Alves
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Amílcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Schmidt Rondon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Luca SV, Miron A, Aprotosoaie AC, Mihai CT, Vochita G, Gherghel D, Ciocarlan N, Skalicka-Woźniak K. HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS profiling of Verbascum ovalifolium Donn ex Sims and evaluation of its antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activities. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:34-45. [PMID: 30155925 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant species of Verbascum genus have been intensively investigated in the last decades but most studies focused on evaluation of their biological activities; there are only few studies dealing with their chemical characterisation. OBJECTIVE Detailed investigation of the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition, antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activities of a previously non-studied Verbascum species (V. ovalifolium Donn ex Sims). METHODS Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites was performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS, whereas quantitative data were obtained through HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays; cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) and comet assays, respectively. RESULTS More than 50 secondary bioactive metabolites belonging to various classes (iridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids) were detected in the methanolic extract of V. ovalifolium and its fractions. The fragmentation pathways of acylated catalpol-type iridoid diglycosides are thoughtfully described herein. The extracts showed good free radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing properties correlated with phenolic, flavonoid, chlorogenic acid and verbascoside contents. Moreover, 24 h treatment of SK-MEL-2 cells with V. ovalifolium extracts produced significant changes in terms of tumour cell viability. The crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction showed no important signs of cytogenotoxicity in non-tumour cells. CONCLUSION The performed phytochemical and biological analyses contribute to the preclinical knowledge about V. ovalifolium and they could help exploiting it in novel herbal medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cosmin-Teodor Mihai
- Institute of Biological Research/National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Iasi, Romania
- Advanced Centre for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vochita
- Institute of Biological Research/National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Gherghel
- Institute of Biological Research/National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nina Ciocarlan
- Botanical Garden, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Friščić M, Bucar F, Hazler Pilepić K. LC-PDA-ESI-MS n analysis of phenolic and iridoid compounds from Globularia spp. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:1211-1236. [PMID: 27621087 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a great number of metabolites with potentially useful biological activities. Species from the genus Globularia (Plantaginaceae) are known as sources of different phenolic and iridoid compounds. Globularia alypum L. is a medicinal plant used as a healing agent in many Mediterranean countries. Similarities in phytochemical composition are often observed for related species. For Globularia spp., such findings were mostly based on identification of several isolated compounds from distinct species. To our knowledge, this is the first study that enables simultaneous comparison of phytochemical profiles from several members of the genus Globularia. Liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of methanolic extracts of aerial parts obtained from four Globularia species (G. alypum, G. punctata, G. cordifolia and G. meridionalis). In total, 85 compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on comparison of their retention time, UV and MSn (up to MS4 ) spectra to those of standard compounds and/or to literature data. Among these, high relative amounts of bioactive molecules such as globularin, globularifolin, asperuloside and verbascoside (acteoside) were found. Apart from providing new insights into the phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy of selected Globularia species, results of this study complement existing MS/MS spectral data and could enable easier mass spectrometric profiling of certain bioactive compounds such as iridoids and phenylethanoids in related plant species, genera and families. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Friščić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kroata Hazler Pilepić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Comprehensive metabolite profiling of Arum palaestinum (Araceae) leaves by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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La M, Zhang F, Gao S, Liu X, Wu Z, Sun L, Tao X, Chen W. Constituent analysis and quality control of Lamiophlomis rotata by LC-TOF/MS and HPLC-UV. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:366-76. [PMID: 25459936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, chemical profile analysis for Lamiophlomis rotata, a classic Tibetan folk medicine, was illustrated by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) method, which provided evidence for the certain identification of the main constituents, including iridoids, flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides. Among these compounds, nine of them were regarded as marker compounds for the quantitative evaluation of L. rotata, using a simple and reliable method by HPLC with ultraviolet, in combination of chromatographic fingerprint analysis. Separation was achieved on a Waters SunFire C18 analytical column with linear gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. The validated method was successfully applied to evaluate twelve batches of L. rotata. Assay results showed that nine compounds did not vary significantly from the aerial parts and the whole plant for each batch, and was consistent with the fingerprint analysis, which confirmed the medicine parts alteration in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from the perspective of chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingping La
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Lianna Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
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Amessis-Ouchemoukh N, Abu-Reidah IM, Quirantes-Piné R, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Madani K, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Segura-Carretero A. Tentative characterisation of iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid derivatives from Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae) leaves by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:389-398. [PMID: 24677200 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globularia alypum L., belonging to the Globulariaceae family, is a perennial wild shrub found throughout the Mediterranean area, Europe, and Africa. This plant is widely used to treat many diseases, but no previous work on the phytochemical composition of the Algerian G. alypum species has yet been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of G. alypum using an LC-ESI-QTOF-MS method. METHODS Ground air-dried leaves of G. alypum were macerated with methanol at room temperature for 24 h. The supernatant was filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator, and extracts were recovered with methanol and filtered. Afterwards, the G. alypum extract was injected into the LC-ESI-QTOF-MS system. RESULTS The combined LC-MS/MS led to the tentative characterisation of 63 phytochemicals. In this work, a large number of compounds have been characterised in the leaf-extract analysis of this plant. Among others, 24 iridoids and secoiridoids were found, of which nine compounds have not previously been recorded in G. alypum. Also, nine unusual phenylethanoid glycosides were characterised for the first time in this species. CONCLUSION The method used has proved to be a valued tool for the characterisation of a wide range of compounds from G. alypum leaves. This work constitutes a detailed investigation of the chemical composition of G. alypum leaves, which are widely used in different traditional systems of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Amessis-Ouchemoukh
- Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, Université Abderahmane Mira, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
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Profiling of phenolic and other polar constituents from hydro-methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) by means of accurate-mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS). Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kim MG, Hwang DK, Jeong HU, Ji HY, Oh SR, Lee Y, Yoo JS, Shin DH, Lee HS. In vitro and in vivo metabolism of verproside in rats. Molecules 2012; 17:11990-2002. [PMID: 23085650 PMCID: PMC6268120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Verproside, a catalpol derivative iridoid glycoside isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum, is a biologically active compound with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptic, antioxidant, and anti-asthmatic properties. Twenty-one metabolites were identified in bile and urine samples obtained after intravenous administration of verproside in rats using liquid chromatography-quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Verproside was metabolized by O-methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and hydrolysis to verproside glucuronides (M1 and M2), verproside sulfates (M3 and M4), picroside II (M5), M5 glucuronide (M7), M5 sulfate (M9), isovanilloylcatalpol (M6), M6 glucuronide (M8), M6 sulfate (M10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (M11), M11 glucuronide (M12), M11 sulfates (M13 and M14), 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (M15), M15 glucuronides (M17 and M18), M15 sulfate (M20), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (M16), M16 glucuronide (M19), and M16 sulfate (M21). Incubation of verproside with rat hepatocytes resulted in thirteen metabolites (M1–M11, M13, and M14). Verproside sulfate, M4 was a major metabolite in rat hepatocytes. After intravenous administration of verproside, the drug was recovered in bile (0.77% of dose) and urine (4.48% of dose), and O-methylation of verproside to picroside II (M5) and isovanilloylcatalpol (M6) followed by glucuronidation and sulfation was identified as major metabolic pathways compared to glucuronidation and sulfation of verproside in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gi Kim
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea; (M.G.M.); (D.-K.H.); (H.-U.J.); (H.Y.J.)
| | - Deok-Kyu Hwang
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea; (M.G.M.); (D.-K.H.); (H.-U.J.); (H.Y.J.)
| | - Hyeon-Uk Jeong
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea; (M.G.M.); (D.-K.H.); (H.-U.J.); (H.Y.J.)
| | - Hye Young Ji
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea; (M.G.M.); (D.-K.H.); (H.-U.J.); (H.Y.J.)
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea;
| | - Yongnam Lee
- Central R&D Institute, Yungjin Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 443-270, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.S.Y.); (D.H.S.)
| | - Ji Seok Yoo
- Central R&D Institute, Yungjin Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 443-270, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.S.Y.); (D.H.S.)
| | - Dae Hee Shin
- Central R&D Institute, Yungjin Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 443-270, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.S.Y.); (D.H.S.)
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea; (M.G.M.); (D.-K.H.); (H.-U.J.); (H.Y.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4061; Fax: +82-3-2342-2013
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Cao X, Qiao J, Wang L, Ye X, Zheng L, Jiang N, Mo W. Screening of glycoside isomers in P. scrophulariiflora using ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:740-748. [PMID: 22368053 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A powerful ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOFMS(n) ) was employed in the rapid simultaneous screening of iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and cucurbitacin glycosides from P. scrophulariiflora. The ILUAE procedure was optimized over several ultrasonic parameters, including the ultrasonic power, concentration of the ionic liquid, and solid-liquid ratio. A comparison with conventional heat-reflux extraction and regular UAE demonstrated that the optimized approach yielded a high extraction efficiency (Picroside I, 2.84%; Picroside II, 3.57%; 6-O-E-feruloyl catalpol, 2.20%) within a short extraction time of 30 min. Negative ion mode ESI-QTOFMS(2) analysis of the fragmentation reactions of the [M-H](-) ions was conducted to characterize the diagnostic ions related to the glycosyl moieties, aglycone units, and the type and substituted position of the ester groups. Interestingly, the positional isomers of the iridoid glycosides could be easily discriminated based on the characteristic ions. A total of 15 glycosides, including three groups of iridoid glycoside isomers and two groups of phenylethanoid glycoside isomers, were conveniently identified within 13.5 min. Moreover, 6'-O-vanilloyl catalpol was identified in P. scrophulariiflora for the first time. The method developed here was further validated by measuring the recovery, correlation coefficient (R(2) ), and reproducibility (RSD, n = 5) of three iridoid glycosides: 89.60%-109.02%, 0.9991-0.9998, and 0.93%-1.44%, respectively. This study demonstrated the capabilities of ILUAE combined with UPLC/ESI-QTOFMS(n) for the rapid screening of glycosides in P. scrophulariiflora. This method offers an approach to similar studies on other natural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cao
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China.
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Vasilopoulou CG, Kontogianni VG, Linardaki ZI, Iatrou G, Lamari FN, Nerantzaki AA, Gerothanassis IP, Tzakos AG, Margarity M. Phytochemical composition of "mountain tea" from Sideritis clandestina subsp. clandestina and evaluation of its behavioral and oxidant/antioxidant effects on adult mice. Eur J Nutr 2011; 52:107-16. [PMID: 22202940 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goals of this study were to monitor the effect of drinking of herbal tea from Sideritis clandestina subsp. clandestina for 6 weeks on behavioral and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of adult male mice and also to evaluate its phytochemical composition. METHODS The phytochemical profile of the Sideritis tea was determined by liquid chromatography-UV diode array coupled to ion-trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization interface. The effects of two doses of the herbal infusion (2 and 4% w/v, daily) intake on anxiety-like state in mice were studied by the assessment of their thigmotactic behavior. The oxidant/antioxidant status of brain (-Ce), liver and heart of adult male Balb-c mice following the consumption of Sideritis tea was also evaluated via the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels using fluorometric assays. Our study was further extended to determine the antioxidant effects of the herbal tea on specific brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum and midbrain). RESULTS The identified compounds were classified into several natural product classes: quinic acid derivatives, iridoids, phenylethanol glycosides and flavonoids. Our results showed that only the 4% Sideritis tea exhibited anxiolytic-like properties as evidenced by statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the thigmotaxis time and increase in the number of entries to the central zone in comparison with the control group. Consumption of both tea doses (2 and 4% w/v) elevated GSH (12 and 28%, respectively, p < 0.05) and decreased MDA (16 and 29%, p < 0.05) levels in brain (-Ce), while liver and heart remained unaffected. In regard to the effect of herbal tea drinking (2 and 4% w/v) on specific brain regions, it caused a significant increase in GSH of cerebellum (13 and 36%, respectively, p < 0.05) and midbrain (17 and 36%, p < 0.05). Similarly, MDA levels were decreased in cerebellum (45 and 79%, respectively, p < 0.05) and midbrain (50 and 63%, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas cerebral cortex remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Mountain tea drinking prevents anxiety-related behaviors and confers antioxidant protection to rodent's tissues in a region-specific, dose-dependent manner, and its phytochemical constituents are shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Vasilopoulou
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
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