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Mthiyane ZL, Makhubela N, Nyoni H, Madikizela LM, Maseko BR, Ncube S. Determination of antibiotics during treatment of hospital wastewater using automated solid-phase extraction followed by UHPLC-MS: occurrence, removal and environmental risks. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3118-3128. [PMID: 37129286 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2209741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extent of removal of pharmaceuticals by African-based wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is relatively unknown with various studies observing high concentrations in effluents. This is mainly due to WWTPs still utilising the traditional treatment methods which are known to be less effective. In this study, 15 selected antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, metronidazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, tetracycline and trimethoprim) were monitored in wastewater as it goes through sedimentation (primary and secondary), aeration and chlorination stages of a WWTP. Analytical method involved solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatographic determination. Removal efficiencies during sedimentation were generally positive with doxycycline achieving 80-95.8%, while negative removal efficiencies were observed for penicillin V (-46.4 to -17.1%) and trimethoprim (-26.2 to -18.9%). The aeration and agitation stage resulted in concentration enhancement for several antibiotics with seven of them ranging between -273 and -15.5%. This stage was responsible for the relatively low overall removal efficiencies in which only 4 antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin) experienced overall removal efficiencies above 50%. The recorded effluent concentrations ranging between 0.0130 and 0.383 ng/mL were translated to low potential for development of antibiotic resistance genes in the receiving environments while ecotoxicity risk was high for only amoxicillin, ampicillin and sulfapyridine. The study has provided an overview of the performance of common wastewater treatment processes in South Africa and hopes that more monitoring and environmental risk data can be made available towards drafting of antibiotic priority lists that cater for Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nkosinathi Makhubela
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa
| | - Hlengilizwe Nyoni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | | | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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2
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Frański R. Teaching mass spectrometry: A compilation of approaches to teaching theory and practice of mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2024; 30:87-102. [PMID: 38444356 DOI: 10.1177/14690667241237431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The areas of mass spectrometry applications seem to be much larger than those of any other analytical techniques. They extend from the determination of molecular mass in organic chemistry, through the analytical applications in forensic, environmental and omics sciences, the application in extra-terrestrial exploration and many others. Mass spectrometry, usually coupled with chromatographic techniques, has also found wide application in the pharmaceutical industry, forensic laboratories, laboratories of sanitary inspection or environmental inspection, etc. The growing areas of applications give rise to the demand for the comprehensive mass spectrometry education of undergraduates. This overview covers the body of literature describing various interesting ideas that can be successfully used for teaching mass spectrometry. Since mass spectrometry is a multidisciplinary field, old but dynamically developing, teaching mass spectrometry may be more problematic in comparison to teaching other analytical techniques, for example, there is the problem of position of mass spectrometry in the chemistry curriculum. On the other hand, it is obvious that the mass spectrometry community, besides difficult scientific work, does great and admirable teaching work, in order to perfectly educate undergraduates in the field of mass spectrometry and to make learning mass spectrometry as attractive as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frański
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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3
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Lalas K, Arvaniti OS, Zkeri E, Nika MC, Thomaidis NS, Mantzavinos D, Stasinakis AS, Frontistis Z. Thermally activated persulfate oxidation of ampicillin: Kinetics, transformation products and ecotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157378. [PMID: 35843320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The heat-activated persulfate system showed encouraging results for the destruction of the widely used antibiotic Ampicillin (AMP). AMP removal follows exponential decay, and the observed kinetic constant was enhanced with persulfate (PS) dosage at the range 50-500 mg L-1 and temperature (40-60 °C), while AMP thermolysis at 60 °C was almost negligible. The apparent activation energy was estimated to 124.7 kJ mol-1. Alkaline conditions, water matrix constituents like bicarbonates, humic acid, and real water matrices retarded AMP oxidation. Experiments performed with tert-butanol and methanol as scavengers demonstrated the contribution of sulfate radicals as the dominant reactive species. Seven transformation products (TPs) of AMP have been identified from AMP destruction. An EC50 value equal to 187 mg L-1 was calculated for 72 h of exposure of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana to AMP. According to the ecotoxicity experiments that conducted after treatment of AMP with PS for different reaction times, no important inhibition of microalgae was noticed for contact time of 72 h and 10 d. These results indicate the formation of no toxic AMP by-products for the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Lalas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR 50132 Kozani, Greece
| | - Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna 34400, Greece
| | - Eirini Zkeri
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, GR 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR 50132 Kozani, Greece.
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4
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Zhao FK, Shi RB, Sun YB, Yang SY, Chen LZ, Fang BH. A Comprehensive Study to Identify Major Metabolites of an Amoxicillin-Sulbactam Hybrid Molecule in Rats and Its Metabolic Pathway Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Metabolites 2022; 12:662. [PMID: 35888786 PMCID: PMC9319383 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoxicillin and sulbactam are widely used compound drugs in animal food. The amoxicillin-sulbactam hybrid molecule can achieve better curative effects through the combination of the two drugs. However, its pharmacokinetic behavior needs to be explored. In this study, a randomized crossover experiment was performed to investigate the metabolism of the novel amoxicillin-sulbactam hybrid molecule in rats after gastric administration. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to isolate and to identify the metabolites in rats. Amoxicillin, amoxicilloic acid, amoxicillin diketopiperazine, and sulbactam were eventually detected in the plasma, liver, urine, and kidneys; no hybrid molecules and their metabolites were detected in feces. The in vivo metabolism results showed that the hybrid molecule was absorbed into the body in the intestine, producing amoxicillin and sulbactam, then amoxicillin was partially metabolized to amoxicilloic acid and amoxicillin diketopiperazine, which are eventually excreted in the urine by the kidneys. In this study, four major metabolites of the amoxicillin-sulbactam hybrid molecule were identified and their metabolic pathways were speculated, which provided scientific data for understanding the metabolism of the hybrid molecule and for its clinical rational use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ke Zhao
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.-K.Z.); (R.-B.S.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ren-Bin Shi
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.-K.Z.); (R.-B.S.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yu-Bin Sun
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Shuang-Yun Yang
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.-K.Z.); (R.-B.S.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Liang-Zhu Chen
- Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527400, China;
| | - Bing-Hu Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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5
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Mwankuna CJ, Uwamaliya GA, Mariki EE, Mabiki F, Malebo HM, Mdegela R, Styrishave B. A HPLC-MS/MS method for screening of selected antibiotic adulterants in herbal drugs. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1060-1068. [PMID: 35195137 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbal products adulterated with conventional drugs increases the risk of developing microbial resistance and causes herb-to-drug interaction, leading to severe clinical consequences. The complex nature of herbal products has been a challenge for the unambiguous identification of adulterants. The improved analytical selectivity and sensitivity of hyphenated techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) enable the confirmatory screening of adulterants in herbal products. Simultaneous screening of adulterants is necessary and efficient because it has been established that more than one chemical adulterant may be present in one herbal product. An HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of amoxicillin, ampicillin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim in powdered herbal drugs was developed. Deuterated metronidazole-d3, trimethoprim-d3, ciprofloxacin-d8, and sulfamethoxazole-d4 were used as internal standards (ISs). For each analyte, two transitions were monitored using protonated molecules as precursor ions. The extraction of analytes from herbal products was performed using a simple methanol : water : formic acid (90 : 10 : 0.05, v/v) extraction solvent. Chromatographic separation was done in a gradient of 0.01% formic acid in methanol and 0.01% formic acid in MilliQ water. The calibration curves were linear (r2 ≥ 0.996) over the range of 0.005-2.5 μg mL-1 for all compounds except metronidazole, whose range was 0.005-1 μg mL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.012 to 0.046 μg mL-1, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.066 to 0.153 μg mL-1. The accuracy, expressed as the recovery of spiked herbal products, ranged from 45% to 114%. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) at two concentration levels, ranged from 1.6% to 15.9%. The matrix effect expressed as the matrix factor (MF) ranged from 0.79 to 0.92. The developed method was applied to powder herbal products purchased in Tanzania. Amoxicillin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin were not detected in all samples. Metronidazole was detected in eight samples with the highest concentration of 1.38 μg g-1. The developed method is suitable for the detection of all the studied antibiotic adulterants in herbal products. Quantification can be performed for all the compounds except ciprofloxacin due to its lower recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Johnson Mwankuna
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Natural and Apllied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Grâce Ange Uwamaliya
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eliapenda Elisante Mariki
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Natural and Apllied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Faith Mabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Natural and Apllied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Hamisi M Malebo
- UNESCO National Commission of the United Republic of Tanzania, Magogoni Street, P. O. Box 20384, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Robinson Mdegela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Tolomelli A, Ricci A, Viola A, Bassan M, Ferrari L, Ferrazzano L, Martelli G, Mattellone A, Cabri W. Ampicillin sodium: Isolation, identification and synthesis of the last unknown impurity after 60 years of clinical use. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113584. [PMID: 32889349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ampicillin, discovered in 1958, was the first broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin introduced into the market. Despite its wide use not all the impurities have been identified to date. Herein, the last unknown impurity present in commercially available medicines was isolated and identified. This impurity that accounts up to 0.8 in area % by HPLC (EP 10.0) in the Reference Listed Drugs (RLD) was characterized and identified to be the 16-keto penicillin G. The structure was confirmed by comparison with a chemically synthesized sample. The determination of the Relative Response Factor (RRF) of the impurity respect to the parent drug allowed to recalculate the real amount that is consistently below the reporting threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, RO, Italy
| | - Angelo Viola
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, RO, Italy
| | - Michele Bassan
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, RO, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, RO, Italy
| | - Lucia Ferrazzano
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexia Mattellone
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Bajkacz S, Felis E, Kycia-Słocka E, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E. Development of a new SLE-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of selected antibiotics and their transformation products in anthropogenically altered solid environmental matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138071. [PMID: 32335399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic residues, their bioactive metabolites and other transformation products in the environment may adversely affect the organisms that live in the environment and may also contribute to increasing the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. It is particularly difficult to determine the types of contaminants in solid samples, in particular, those that are anthropogenically changed, e.g., as a result of controlled biochemical processes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop of a new method for the determination of twelve antibiotics belonging to different groups, such as penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, imidazoles and cefalosporins, in digested manure and activated sludge samples, which were used as examples of anthropogenically altered environmental solid samples. The analyses were performed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The solid-liquid extraction (SLE) method to isolate analytes from digested manure and activated sludge was developed and optimized, the same as clean-up procedure followed by solid phase extraction (SPE). The recovery ranged from 45 to 85%. Finally, the validated method was applied to the determination of the selected antibiotics in manure and activated sludge samples after an anaerobic digestion process.. An additional aim of the study was to verify whether the developed method allows simultaneous detection of transformation products of the studied antibiotics in solid samples. The study showed that by optimizing the analysis conditions, it is possible to simultaneously determine the selected antibiotics and their transformation products (including their epimeric forms), which can significantly improve the ability to control the efficiency of the biological processes used in this area. In practice, this means that the developed methodology may be particularly useful in the context of research and other works related to the anaerobic digestion of activated sludge, manure or other solid substrates of environmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Centre for Biotechnology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Centre for Biotechnology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kycia-Słocka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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8
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Zhang L, Guo R, Li H, Du Q, Lu J, Huang Y, Yan Z, Chen J. Mechanism analysis for the process-dependent driven mode of NaHCO 3 in algal antibiotic removal: efficiency, degradation pathway and metabolic response. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122531. [PMID: 32283379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work provided a comprehensive perspective to investigate the performance of NaHCO3-driving effect and mechanism including the antibiotic removal, degradation pathway and metabolites analysis, and the algal physiological response during the removal process. Cefuroxime sodium was selected as the target antibiotic. Our results showed that NaHCO3 did not facilitate self-decomposition of the target antibiotic, while drove the improvement on the removal capacity of every algal cell, which then attributed to the total removal efficiency. After 24 h, there was an improvement on the removal rate of the target antibiotic (from 10.21% to 92.89%) when NaHCO3 was added. The degradation pathway of the target antibiotic was confirmed by the formation of three main products (M1, M2 and M3), and the degradation process, that from M1 to M2 and M2 to M3, was accelerated by the existence of NaHCO3. Besides, a 4-stage model illustrated the relationship between NaHCO3 and antibiotic removal process. Moreover, algal culture that supplemented with NaHCO3 demonstrated a better growth capacity. A large increase in the content of chlorophyll a and a moderate increase in the activity of two carbon metabolic enzymes (RuBisCO and CA) might be viewed as a positive response of the algae during the NaHCO3-driving process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Research Institute of Nanjing Chemical Industry Group, Nanjing, 210048, China
| | - Qiong Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jilai Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yaxin Huang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Podniesińska L, Frański R, Frańska M. Comparison of the electrospray ionization (ESI) responses of penicillins with ESI responses of their methanolysis products. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:357-361. [PMID: 30582710 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718820434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrospray ionization (ESI) responses, defined as the area of chromatographic peak of ion [M+H]+ obtained upon HPLC/ESI-MS analysis, of three β-lactam antibiotics, namely penicillin G, ampicillin and carbenicillin have been compared with the ESI responses of their methanolysis products. It has been found that methanolyzed penicillin G has much higher ESI response than the penicillin G. Methanolyzed ampicillin also has higher ESI response than ampicillin; however, the effect is less pronounced than for penicillin. Methanolyzed carbenicillin does not have pronouncedly higher ESI response than carbenicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Frański
- 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- 2 Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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10
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Chen L, Wang B, Diao Z, Zhao M, Xie K, Zhang P, Wang X, Zhang T, Wang J. Development and Validation of an HPLC-ESI/MS/MS Method for the Determination of Amoxicillin, Its Major Metabolites, and Ampicillin Residues in Chicken Tissues. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142652. [PMID: 31336643 PMCID: PMC6681001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin (AMO), amoxicillin metabolites, and ampicillin residues in edible chicken muscle, liver, and kidney samples via high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) was developed and verified. The extraction and purification procedures involved the extraction of the sample using a liquid-liquid extraction method with acetonitrile to eliminate the proteins. The chicken tissue extract was then injected directly onto an HPLC column coupled to a mass spectrometer with an ESI(+) source. The HPLC-ESI/MS/MS method was validated according to specificity, sensitivity, linearity, matrix effects, precision, accuracy, decision limit, detection capability, and stability, as defined by the European Union and Food and Drug Administration. The linearity was desirable, and the determination coefficients (r2 values) ranged from 0.9968 and 0.9999. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.10–2.20 μg/kg and 0.30–8.50 μg/kg, respectively. The decision limits were 57.71–61.25 μg/kg, and the detection capabilities were 65.41–72.50 μg/kg, and the recoveries of the four target analytes exceeded 75% at the limits of quantification and exceeded 83% at 25, 50, and 100 μg/kg (n = 6 at each level), confirming the reliability of this method for determining these analytes and providing a new detection technology. For real sample analysis, this experiment tested 30 chicken tissue samples, only one chicken muscle, liver, and kidney sample were contaminated with 5.20, 17.45, and 7.33 μg/kg of AMO values, respectively, while other target compounds were not detected in the 30 tested chicken tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peiyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xutang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Arsand JB, Hoff RB, Jank L, Meirelles LN, Silvia Díaz-Cruz M, Pizzolato TM, Barceló D. Transformation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin after photolysis in aqueous matrices: Identification and kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:954-967. [PMID: 29929147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in human medicine and veterinary production. Residues of these compounds reach the water sources through waste or direct application (e.g. aquaculture). The constant input of the parent drugs and their transformation products into the environment leads these pharmaceuticals to be considered as emerging pollutants. For some molecules, the pathway of degradation and formation in products is less known. To assess the impact of these substances in the environment and in the human health, it is necessary to elucidate the transformation products and their kinetic of degradation to evaluate the possible risks. In the present report, the characterization and the degradation kinetic of two widely used β-lactams antibiotics - amoxicillin and ampicillin - was evaluated. Surface water samples containing these antibiotics were submitted to photolysis and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with Orbitrap detection in order to establish the profile of degradation and the formation of transformation products. Results showed that the degradation of amoxicillin and ampicillin is almost complete and reach their maximum at 48 h in river water. Moreover, a database containing >65 transformation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin was build and real samples of industrial wastewater were analyzed to investigate the occurrence of amoxicillin, ampicillin and their transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bazzan Arsand
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Louise Jank
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas N Meirelles
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tânia Mara Pizzolato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Dudkowska J, Frańska M, Frański R. Detection of the iron complexes with hydrolysis products of cephalexin and cefradine upon high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:576-582. [PMID: 29397004 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cephalosporins (e.g. cephalexin, cefradine) are a major group of widely used β-lactam antibiotics. Hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring is an important reaction (often undesired) which leads to deactivation of β-lactams. To the best of our knowledge there is no electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data reported concerning the products of hydrolysis of cephalosporins. METHODS The hydrolysis of cephalexin and cefradine was performed in aqueous NaOH solutions. After the process the solutions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ESI-MS. The elemental compositions of the ions discussed were confirmed by the accurate mass measurements on a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. RESULTS Unexpectedly, complexes between the hydrolysis products of cephalexin and cefradine (CFLh and CFRh ) and iron cation were detected upon HPLC/ESI-MS analysis, namely the ions [(CFLh -H)2 +Fe]+ and [(CFRh -H)2 +Fe]+ , although iron was not added to the analyzed solutions or to the mobile phase. These ions were found to be very stable in the gas phase. CONCLUSIONS The detection of the complexes between the hydrolysis products of cephalosporins and iron may have a positive impact on the sensitivity and specificity of HPLC/ESI-MS analyses of the hydrolysis products of some cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dudkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Frański
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Frański R. Gas phase decomposition of bilirubin-derived anions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:343-346. [PMID: 28244182 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Frański
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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14
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Wang B, Pang M, Xie X, Zhao M, Xie K, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang R, Wu H, Zhang G, Dai G, Wang J. Quantitative Analysis of Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin Major Metabolites, and Ampicillin in Chicken Tissues via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the present review was to discuss recent advances supporting a role of drug metabolism, and particularly of the generation of reactive metabolites, in hypersensitivity reactions to drugs. RECENT FINDINGS The development of novel mass-spectrometry procedures has allowed the identification of reactive metabolites from drugs known to be involved in hypersensitivity reactions, including amoxicillin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as aspirin, diclofenac or metamizole. Recent studies demonstrated that reactive metabolites may efficiently bind plasma proteins, thus suggesting that drug metabolites, rather than - or in addition to - parent drugs, may elicit an immune response. As drug metabolic profiles are often determined by variability in the genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes, it is conceivable that an altered drug metabolism may predispose to the generation of reactive drug metabolites and hence to hypersensitivity reactions. These findings support the potential for the use of pharmacogenomics tests in hypersensitivity (type B) adverse reactions, in addition to the well known utility of these tests in type A adverse reactions. SUMMARY Growing evidence supports a link between genetically determined drug metabolism, altered metabolic profiles, generation of highly reactive metabolites and haptenization. Additional research is required to developing robust biomarkers for drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
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Sun L, Jia L, Xie X, Xie K, Wang J, Liu J, Cui L, Zhang G, Dai G, Wang J. Quantitative analysis of amoxicillin, its major metabolites and ampicillin in eggs by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 192:313-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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